treatments-xml/data/E5/27/87/E5278780FFE5FFC1FF3B5F3BFD17FA62.xml

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<mods:title id="34D2A5073AF8AA58B3FC4A819F80B8B2">Ectoparasites and other ectosymbiotic arthropods of vertebrates in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1A2531012E3037A58624884352333B19">Reeves, Will K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="DC3CF90531E21D1776BEEBDBB17B14D9">Durden, Lance A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2DE39F749504E04CC71F2B7755DDA88C">Ritzi, Christopher M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5EF1C84BE4D66747C51ECB5261C3CC14">Beckham, Katy R.</mods:namePart>
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<paragraph id="6D313696FFE5FFC1FF3B5F3BFD1EFCE1" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,2018]" box="[151,672,791,817]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="5FFAEA84FFE5FFC1FF3B5F3BFD1EFCE1" bold="true" box="[151,672,791,817]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">
<taxonomicName id="AA8E4D15FFE5FFC1FF3B5F3BFE56FCE1" ID-CoL="6ST9F" authority="Baker" authorityName="Baker" box="[151,488,791,817]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratophyllidae" genus="Orchopeas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonaptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="howardi">
<emphasis id="5FFAEA84FFE5FFC1FF3B5F3BFE3DFCE1" bold="true" box="[151,387,791,817]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Orchopeas howardi</emphasis>
(
<collectingCountry id="15997606FFE5FFC1FE3F5F3BFE5EFCE1" box="[403,480,791,817]" name="United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Baker</collectingCountry>
)
</taxonomicName>
—squirrel flea
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2594651DFFE5FFC1FF3B5F6CFCA6FC52" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" type="description">
<paragraph id="6D313696FFE5FFC1FF3B5F6CFCA6FC52" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">
Ex bird nest: 1F, NC, Haywood Co., Purchase Knob, 
<date id="19301056FFE5FFC1FCA45F6CFC18FC8A" box="[776,934,832,858]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" value="2003-05-23">23 May 2003</date>
, W. K. Reeves, L­3071; 1F, NC, Haywood Co., Cataloochee, 
<date id="19301056FFE5FFC1FEC25F44FE40FC52" box="[366,510,872,898]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" value="2002-05-03">3 May 2002</date>
, W. K. Reeves, L­2935.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2594651DFFE5FFC1FF6A5FBCFD8AFB12" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="6D313696FFE5FFC1FF6A5FBCFF67FC2A" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">
Ex 
<taxonomicName id="AA8E4D15FFE5FFC1FF5C5FBCFE61FC79" box="[240,479,912,937]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Sciurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carolinensis">
<emphasis id="5FFAEA84FFE5FFC1FF5C5FBCFE61FC79" box="[240,479,912,937]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Sciurus carolinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(gray squirrel): 
<collectionCode id="0B9FAE53FFE5FFC1FD095FBCFD71FC7A" box="[677,719,912,938]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">TN</collectionCode>
, Sevier Co., Route 441, 
<quantity id="AA769B73FFE5FFC1FC5B5FBCFBE4FC7A" box="[1015,1114,912,938]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.096" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" unit="ft" value="2.0">2,000 ft</quantity>
., “Dec.” (
<bibRefCitation id="091F4B67FFE5FFC1FB625FBCFF6AFC02" author="Linzey" pageId="8" pageNumber="66" refString="Linzey, D. W. &amp; Linzey, A. V. (1973) Notes on parasites of small mammals from Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Tennessee-North Carolina. Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society, 89, 120." type="journal article" year="1973">Linzey &amp; Linzey 1973</bibRefCitation>
, Durden &amp; Kollars, 1997); 2F, 
<collectionCode id="0B9FAE53FFE5FFC1FDE25F94FDC6FC02" box="[590,632,952,978]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">TN</collectionCode>
, Sevier Co., Sugarlands on 
<collectingCountry id="15997606FFE5FFC1FC6D5F94FC59FC02" box="[961,999,952,978]" name="United States of America" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">US</collectingCountry>
441, 
<date id="19301056FFE5FFC1FB865F94FBF9FC02" box="[1066,1095,952,978]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" value="2005-12-19">19</date>
Dec. 2005, W.K. Reeves, L­ 3329.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6D313696FFE5FFC1FF6A5824FEDEFB9A" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">
Ex 
<taxonomicName id="AA8E4D15FFE5FFC1FF5D5824FDA2FBF1" box="[241,540,1032,1057]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Tamiasciurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hudsonicus">
<emphasis id="5FFAEA84FFE5FFC1FF5D5824FDA2FBF1" box="[241,540,1032,1057]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Tamiasciurus hudsonicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(red squirrel): 1F, 
<collectionCode id="0B9FAE53FFE5FFC1FCAF5824FC93FBF2" box="[771,813,1032,1058]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">TN</collectionCode>
, Sevier Co., Clingman’s Dome, 
<date id="19301056FFE5FFC1FB1B5824FAF1FBF2" box="[1207,1359,1032,1058]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" value="2000-11-04">4 Nov. 2000</date>
, E. B. Pivorun, L­2956.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6D313696FFE5FFC1FF6A5874FAA2FBA2" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,2018]" box="[198,1308,1112,1138]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">
Ex pitfall trap: 1F, 
<collectionCode id="0B9FAE53FFE5FFC1FE085874FE70FBA2" box="[420,462,1112,1138]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">TN</collectionCode>
, Cocke Co., Snakeden Ridge, 
<date id="19301056FFE5FFC1FC9E5874FC50FBA2" box="[818,1006,1112,1138]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" value="2001-12-04" valueMax="2001-12-21" valueMin="2001-12-04">4–21 Dec. 2001</date>
, Parker, Stocks, Petersen.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6D313696FFE5FFC1FF6A58ACFD8AFB12" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">
Ex squirrel nest: “Many inds.,” 
<collectionCode id="0B9FAE53FFE5FFC1FD9B58ACFDDFFB4A" box="[567,609,1152,1178]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">TN</collectionCode>
, Sevier Co., Greenbrier, 
<date id="19301056FFE5FFC1FC2E58ACFBAEFB4A" box="[898,1040,1152,1178]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" value="1946-05-05">5 May 1946</date>
, D. W. 
<bibRefCitation id="091F4B67FFE5FFC1FBCB58ACFAE9FB4A" author="Pfitzer" box="[1127,1367,1152,1178]" pageId="8" pageNumber="67" refString="Pfitzer, D. W. (1950) A manual of the fleas of Tennessee. M. S. thesis, Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, 103 pp." type="book" year="1950">Pfitzer (Pfitzer 1950</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="091F4B67FFE5FFC1FACF58ACFEBEFB12" author="Benton" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" refString="Benton, A. H. (1980) An atlas of the fleas of the eastern United States. Marginal Media," type="book" year="1980">Benton 1980</bibRefCitation>
, Durden &amp; Kollars 1997).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="6D313696FFE5FFC1FF6A58FCFD17FA62" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">
<taxonomicName id="AA8E4D15FFE5FFC1FF6A58FCFE10FB39" box="[198,430,1232,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratophyllidae" genus="Orchopeas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonaptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="howardi">
<emphasis id="5FFAEA84FFE5FFC1FF6A58FCFE10FB39" box="[198,430,1232,1257]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Orchopeas howardi</emphasis>
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is a widespread flea associated with Nearctic tree squirrels that is especially common in the eastern 
<collectingCountry id="15997606FFE5FFC1FE9658D4FE69FAC2" box="[314,471,1272,1298]" name="United States of America" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">United States</collectingCountry>
(Durden &amp; Kollars 1997). 
<collectingCountry id="15997606FFE5FFC1FCB258D4FC81FAC2" box="[798,831,1272,1298]" name="American Samoa" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">As</collectingCountry>
one of the above records indicates, 
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<emphasis id="5FFAEA84FFE5FFC1FB4B58D4FAD5FAC1" box="[1255,1387,1272,1297]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">
<collectingCountry id="15997606FFE5FFC1FB4B58D4FB41FAC1" box="[1255,1279,1272,1297]" name="Iceland" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">O</collectingCountry>
. howardi
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can infest bird nests. This flea has been implicated in the transmission of 
<taxonomicName id="AA8E4D15FFE5FFC1FC64590CFB7DFAE9" box="[968,1219,1312,1337]" class="Alphaproteobacteria" family="Rickettsiaceae" genus="Rickettsia" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Rickettsiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Proteobacteria" rank="species" species="prowazekii">
<emphasis id="5FFAEA84FFE5FFC1FC64590CFB7DFAE9" box="[968,1219,1312,1337]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Rickettsia prowazekii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from flying squirrels to humans (Soneshine et al. 1978; 
<bibRefCitation id="091F4B67FFE5FFC1FDDA5964FCCDFAB2" author="Bozeman" box="[630,883,1352,1378]" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" refString="Bozeman, F. M., Soneshine, D. E., Williams, M. S., Chadwick, D. P., Lauer, D. M. &amp; Elisberg, B. L. (1981) Experimental infection of ectoparasitic arthropods with Rickettsia prowazekii (GvF- 16 strain) and transmission to flying squirrels. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 30, 253 - 263." type="journal article" year="1981">Bozeman et al. 1981</bibRefCitation>
) and was recently associated with uncultured 
<taxonomicName id="AA8E4D15FFE5FFC1FF3B595CFEB5FA59" box="[151,267,1392,1417]" class="Alphaproteobacteria" family="Rickettsiaceae" genus="Rickettsia" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Rickettsiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Proteobacteria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5FFAEA84FFE5FFC1FF3B595CFEB5FA59" box="[151,267,1392,1417]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Rickettsia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. and 
<taxonomicName id="AA8E4D15FFE5FFC1FEDD595CFE50FA59" box="[369,494,1392,1417]" class="Alphaproteobacteria" family="Bartonellaceae" genus="Bartonella" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Rhizobiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Proteobacteria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5FFAEA84FFE5FFC1FEDD595CFE50FA59" box="[369,494,1392,1417]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Bartonella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. genotypes (
<bibRefCitation id="091F4B67FFE5FFC1FD1F595CFC1AFA5A" author="Reeves" box="[691,932,1392,1418]" pageId="8" pageNumber="67" refString="Reeves, W. K., Nelder, M. P. &amp; Korecki, J. A. (2005 b) Bartonella and Rickettsia in fleas and lice from mammals in South Carolina, USA. Journal of Vector Ecology, 30, 310 - 315" type="journal article" year="2005" yearSuffix="b">Reeves et al. 2005b</bibRefCitation>
). Durden et al. (2004) reported two additional genotypes of 
<taxonomicName id="AA8E4D15FFE5FFC1FED359B4FE42FA61" box="[383,508,1432,1457]" class="Alphaproteobacteria" family="Bartonellaceae" genus="Bartonella" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Rhizobiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Proteobacteria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5FFAEA84FFE5FFC1FED359B4FE42FA61" box="[383,508,1432,1457]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Bartonella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from this flea.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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