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<mods:title id="00CE1146AB540C5BB24630DF3C70CCCC">Three new species of Quadrastichus Girault (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae) from China with a key to Chinese species</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="A369666DE2EF0D4EDE0483A9649EAF82">Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, School of Wetland, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, 224007, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="7AEFEE31E5442CBE78BF67CE3885D7A7">School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="E4F7743E1C375C3DB377F599FB5B3744" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E4F7743E1C375C3DB377F599FB5B3744" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E4F7743E1C375C3DB377F599FB5B3744" lastPageNumber="169" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">
<subSubSection id="38E832C2ED2AF8ADC13B17FE4F51CE39" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="68E65D90FAA2C7FDB9C04889EACF4710" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">
<taxonomicName id="8DF8806552B43A2D4CC59BEEDC06F14B" ID-CoL="4QZ33" LSID="E4F7743E-1C37-5C3D-B377-F599FB5B3744" authority="(Walker, 1839)" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1839" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Quadrastichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Quadrastichus vacuna" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vacuna">Quadrastichus vacuna (Walker, 1839)</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="4D582275AC6BF2FD0C50F25FE0C29CAB" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B70F23A3ADF666B076C30FF7D54699B" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">
<figureCitation id="5320728B2CC683C2AEDDBA388B08906B" captionStart="Figures 27–32" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 27 - 32. Quadrastichus vacuna (Walker), female 27 head, frontal view 28 antenna, lateral view 29 mesosoma, dorsal view 30 fore and hind wings, dorsal view 31 legs, lateral view, from left to right: fore, mid, and hind legs 32 metasoma, ventral view. Scale bars: 100 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1187.111723.figures27-32" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/955716" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">Figs 27-32</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="BD7C806D2123EE18EBC52738C01EA240" captionStart="Figure 33" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 33. Quadrastichus vacuna (Walker), female 33 habitus, lateral view. Scale bar: 500 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1187.111723.figure33" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/955717" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">, 33 New record for China</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4EA4B03047B08A1FE8432027CB80B652" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="D8A37DD95A8A29884410563386CC3761" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">
<taxonomicName id="4B5DDF51EBE66BC0FB32FD5FC16A9E38" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1839" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Cirrospilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cirrospilus vacuna" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vacuna">Cirrospilus vacuna</taxonomicName>
Walker, 1839a: 305.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="28F279D7EE9030CFDA6AF094859F03E2" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">
<taxonomicName id="FAA92ACD52C7CA269619BFA97BD50BBA" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1839" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Cirrospilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cirrospilus numeria" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="numeria">Cirrospilus numeria</taxonomicName>
Walker, 1839a: 321. [Synonymised by
<bibRefCitation id="F02DCB3F2DEEF7E9F10BEE15E95A9BBF" author="Graham, MWR de V" journalOrPublisher="Entomologist's Monthly Magazine" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" pagination="34 - 64" refId="B10" refString="Graham, MWR de V, 1961b. The genus Aprostocetus Westwood sensu lato (Hym., Eulophidae) notes on the synonymy of European species. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine 97: 34 - 64" title="The genus Aprostocetus Westwood sensu lato (Hym., Eulophidae) notes on the synonymy of European species." volume="97" year="1961 b">Graham 1961b</bibRefCitation>
: 43]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6551A9AF374EB8584A82592E05565DF0" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">
<taxonomicName id="2576B02FFD8FB6936D7FC8FF6DC60060" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1839" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Cirrospilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cirrospilus quercens" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercens">Cirrospilus quercens</taxonomicName>
Walker, 1839a: 307. [Synonymised by
<bibRefCitation id="3CBE47A01F748A2E4D97393B2DC43D1D" author="Graham, MWR de V" journalOrPublisher="Entomologist's Monthly Magazine" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" pagination="34 - 64" refId="B10" refString="Graham, MWR de V, 1961b. The genus Aprostocetus Westwood sensu lato (Hym., Eulophidae) notes on the synonymy of European species. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine 97: 34 - 64" title="The genus Aprostocetus Westwood sensu lato (Hym., Eulophidae) notes on the synonymy of European species." volume="97" year="1961 b">Graham 1961b</bibRefCitation>
: 43]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DA41742F90AC21D0B52C95C874DC9ABF" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">
<taxonomicName id="3065C09FD3D46F65F50A33EE656F2D1D" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1839" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Cirrospilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cirrospilus alcithoe" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alcithoe">Cirrospilus alcithoe</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4007BF191522728484B7706A785971B9" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Cirrospilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cirrospilus alcithoë" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alcithoë">
Cirrospilus
<normalizedToken id="B02C6EB8DA0F9201758FD3B547F9A8A3" originalValue="alcithoë">alcithoe</normalizedToken>
</taxonomicName>
Walker, 1839b: 416. [Synonymised by
<bibRefCitation id="BCD47A821C6275109A1ABE37590D8A13" author="Graham, MWR de V" journalOrPublisher="Entomologist's Monthly Magazine" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" pagination="34 - 64" refId="B10" refString="Graham, MWR de V, 1961b. The genus Aprostocetus Westwood sensu lato (Hym., Eulophidae) notes on the synonymy of European species. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine 97: 34 - 64" title="The genus Aprostocetus Westwood sensu lato (Hym., Eulophidae) notes on the synonymy of European species." volume="97" year="1961 b">Graham 1961b</bibRefCitation>
: 43]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1E4DDF628F0D51F2918DDC5CC740F1CA" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">
<taxonomicName id="B94778A64905587D4407914D4083DBFF" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1839" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Cirrospilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cirrospilus rhoesus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhoesus">Cirrospilus rhoesus</taxonomicName>
Walker, 1839b: 417. [Synonymised by
<bibRefCitation id="A6D20DC54B77A1905F9AE39DEDA777B8" author="Graham, MWR de V" journalOrPublisher="Entomologist's Monthly Magazine" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" pagination="34 - 64" refId="B10" refString="Graham, MWR de V, 1961b. The genus Aprostocetus Westwood sensu lato (Hym., Eulophidae) notes on the synonymy of European species. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine 97: 34 - 64" title="The genus Aprostocetus Westwood sensu lato (Hym., Eulophidae) notes on the synonymy of European species." volume="97" year="1961 b">Graham 1961b</bibRefCitation>
: 43]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E41EEC25C30074C5C312E9BFF3D4B0DE" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">
<taxonomicName id="C349819371070E1388B97C7162DF7E32" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1839" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Cirrospilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cirrospilus sotades" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sotades">Cirrospilus sotades</taxonomicName>
Walker, 1839b: 417. [Synonymised by
<bibRefCitation id="0C166148CFEAF8C22644E38E482BA563" author="Graham, MWR de V" journalOrPublisher="Entomologist's Monthly Magazine" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" pagination="34 - 64" refId="B10" refString="Graham, MWR de V, 1961b. The genus Aprostocetus Westwood sensu lato (Hym., Eulophidae) notes on the synonymy of European species. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine 97: 34 - 64" title="The genus Aprostocetus Westwood sensu lato (Hym., Eulophidae) notes on the synonymy of European species." volume="97" year="1961 b">Graham 1961b</bibRefCitation>
: 43]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AAEA43EB3E6AFCC75534F4148DCF9AD5" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">
<taxonomicName id="B55A402EA3C6AC9CBD0B6EC54D50718B" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1840" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Cirrospilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cirrospilus brunchus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunchus">Cirrospilus brunchus</taxonomicName>
Walker, 1840: 236. [Synonymised by
<bibRefCitation id="3052241D51B9A733B7E48EB6516CDA28" author="Graham, MWR de V" journalOrPublisher="Entomologist's Monthly Magazine" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" pagination="34 - 64" refId="B10" refString="Graham, MWR de V, 1961b. The genus Aprostocetus Westwood sensu lato (Hym., Eulophidae) notes on the synonymy of European species. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine 97: 34 - 64" title="The genus Aprostocetus Westwood sensu lato (Hym., Eulophidae) notes on the synonymy of European species." volume="97" year="1961 b">Graham 1961b</bibRefCitation>
: 43]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3BDAA654EC61B0A9AE4B9003ADDE2543" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">
<taxonomicName id="292B3C475B6E5FF9821B47C946992189" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1839" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Tetrastichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetrastichus quercens" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercens">Tetrastichus quercens</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation id="DBBF63F079FFB0B7B328BCA6EABA442A" author="Walker, F" journalOrPublisher="Newman, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" refId="B31" refString="Walker, F, 1846. List of the specimens of Hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part 1 Chalcidites. E. Newman, London" title="List of the specimens of Hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part 1 Chalcidites. E." year="1846">Walker 1846</bibRefCitation>
: 76.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E2D8122FB05E09B17814D94070F669DA" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">
<taxonomicName id="2C867D72437F54CD8F71BA863200BB4D" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1839" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Tetrastichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetrastichus alcithoe" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alcithoe">Tetrastichus alcithoe</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation id="51212C612665A2A9242D266448FEA7BF" author="Walker, F" journalOrPublisher="Newman, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" refId="B31" refString="Walker, F, 1846. List of the specimens of Hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part 1 Chalcidites. E. Newman, London" title="List of the specimens of Hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part 1 Chalcidites. E." year="1846">Walker 1846</bibRefCitation>
: 78.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CCFDD1811BC33B962ED57D9094AD7F59" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">
<taxonomicName id="C1D76651948737DAB20142B069ADCE58" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1839" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Tetrastichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetrastichus rhoesus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhoesus">Tetrastichus rhoesus</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation id="929909F9690E738C76D3869A566B2203" author="Walker, F" journalOrPublisher="Newman, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" refId="B31" refString="Walker, F, 1846. List of the specimens of Hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part 1 Chalcidites. E. Newman, London" title="List of the specimens of Hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part 1 Chalcidites. E." year="1846">Walker 1846</bibRefCitation>
: 78.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E2672883452469A73CF62862329A3A6C" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">
<taxonomicName id="56C8C3657F3A35CB7C753A9BACBF70F0" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1839" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Tetrastichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetrastichus vacuna" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vacuna">Tetrastichus vacuna</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation id="325C69F5C208601686990AC8FF7CFE06" author="Walker, F" journalOrPublisher="Newman, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" refId="B32" refString="Walker, F, 1848. List of the specimens of Hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part 2 Chalcidites. E. Newman, London, 99-237 pp." title="List of the specimens of Hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part 2 Chalcidites. E. Newman, London, 99 - 237 pp." year="1848">Walker 1848</bibRefCitation>
: 149.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2FA8C706F7AD098B71F7A4999CB1C9F3" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">
<taxonomicName id="C48EDB2E8E757408AB04B9DAA859980A" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1839" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Tetrastichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetrastichus numeria" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="numeria">Tetrastichus numeria</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation id="B098DF67FDA9570557D6E40BF235B10A" author="Walker, F" journalOrPublisher="Newman, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" refId="B32" refString="Walker, F, 1848. List of the specimens of Hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part 2 Chalcidites. E. Newman, London, 99-237 pp." title="List of the specimens of Hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part 2 Chalcidites. E. Newman, London, 99 - 237 pp." year="1848">Walker 1848</bibRefCitation>
: 150.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FF67D31BF7471D2533EFF57906DA9F5F" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">
<taxonomicName id="C1A0AC95F6148C56952AF7B45512B78B" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1840" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Tetrastichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetrastichus brunchus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunchus">Tetrastichus brunchus</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation id="9413AD74C96DCE42B686516420EFAF81" author="Walker, F" journalOrPublisher="Newman, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" refId="B32" refString="Walker, F, 1848. List of the specimens of Hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part 2 Chalcidites. E. Newman, London, 99-237 pp." title="List of the specimens of Hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part 2 Chalcidites. E. Newman, London, 99 - 237 pp." year="1848">Walker 1848</bibRefCitation>
: 151.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="38FD62DC444B1E8542FD5AC37C421922" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">
<taxonomicName id="68EA2FE57AA6AE6B47F4C7D13C912D21" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1861" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Tetrastichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetrastichus migrator" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="migrator">Tetrastichus migrator</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="8522BFA864C61C80D6E6700E00071ABC" originalValue="Fӧrster">Fӧrster</normalizedToken>
, 1861: 38. [Synonymised by
<bibRefCitation id="FF3E95B45F2CAD2A8F0DD0AF4C1971BC" author="Graham, MWR de V" journalOrPublisher="Entomologist's Monthly Magazine" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" pagination="34 - 64" refId="B10" refString="Graham, MWR de V, 1961b. The genus Aprostocetus Westwood sensu lato (Hym., Eulophidae) notes on the synonymy of European species. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine 97: 34 - 64" title="The genus Aprostocetus Westwood sensu lato (Hym., Eulophidae) notes on the synonymy of European species." volume="97" year="1961 b">Graham 1961b</bibRefCitation>
: 43]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751082C11FE431D84651AF7499107252" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">
<taxonomicName id="9EC75DDDFC60ABB20BD16AB2BD4F6D26" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1861" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Tetrastichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetrastichus penetrans" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="penetrans">Tetrastichus penetrans</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="29B370CA71A13795568915388B286F05" originalValue="Fӧrster">Fӧrster</normalizedToken>
, 1861: 38. [Synonymised by
<bibRefCitation id="7FE5D0E89CC9511555A03E89F0B4AC86" author="Graham, MWR de V" journalOrPublisher="Entomologist's Monthly Magazine" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" pagination="34 - 64" refId="B10" refString="Graham, MWR de V, 1961b. The genus Aprostocetus Westwood sensu lato (Hym., Eulophidae) notes on the synonymy of European species. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine 97: 34 - 64" title="The genus Aprostocetus Westwood sensu lato (Hym., Eulophidae) notes on the synonymy of European species." volume="97" year="1961 b">Graham 1961b</bibRefCitation>
: 43]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7D7E74DC107972C6A2BDD5C1A38B9001" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">
<taxonomicName id="A848F787B5F25ADF28FE56F18CA06635" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1878" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Tetrastichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetrastichus compressiventris" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="compressiventris">Tetrastichus compressiventris</taxonomicName>
Thomson, 1878: 286. [Synonymised by
<bibRefCitation id="3BA147997CAB925A393D90F03B79770A" author="Graham, MWR de V" journalOrPublisher="Entomologist's Monthly Magazine" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" pagination="34 - 64" refId="B10" refString="Graham, MWR de V, 1961b. The genus Aprostocetus Westwood sensu lato (Hym., Eulophidae) notes on the synonymy of European species. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine 97: 34 - 64" title="The genus Aprostocetus Westwood sensu lato (Hym., Eulophidae) notes on the synonymy of European species." volume="97" year="1961 b">Graham 1961b</bibRefCitation>
: 43]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9A1AACDD4BB3FBC14AF6EE31E9DE61F6" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">
<taxonomicName id="3D8E88F5EE017220B611D34D09A91570" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1839" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Aprostocetus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aprostocetus vacuna" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vacuna">Aprostocetus vacuna</taxonomicName>
: Graham 1961: 42.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="67B6975829A5197F2F5683620AF0D4CD" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">
<taxonomicName id="200E2BCFBA06971451EEEAFCBBF6B1B3" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1839" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Quadrastichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Quadrastichus vacuna" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vacuna">Quadrastichus vacuna</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation id="64F8D739B4EBD48719ACB1405727C8CA" author="Graham, MWR de V" journalOrPublisher="Entomologist's Gazette" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" pagination="89 - 96" refId="B13" refString="Graham, MWR de V, LaSalle, J, 1991. New synonymy in European Tetrastichinae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) including designation of some neotypes, lectotypes and new combinations. Entomologist's Gazette 42: 89 - 96" title="New synonymy in European Tetrastichinae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) including designation of some neotypes, lectotypes and new combinations." volume="42" year="1991">Graham and LaSalle 1991</bibRefCitation>
: 94.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2F1530A5D71E454B1DA2FEA29CE6DF9C" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">
<taxonomicName id="35E845D13DC8E2D107F0AC0EF33C6807" family="Eulophidae" genus="Qudrastichus" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Qudrastichus vacuna" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" rank="species" species="vacuna">Qudrastichus vacuna</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation id="208BCC365B6354D36659975E17A8B26F" author="Boyadzhiev, PS" journalOrPublisher="Nauchni Trudove Biologiya Animalia" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" pagination="79 - 96" refId="B3" refString="Boyadzhiev, PS, 2003. New records to the fauna of Eulophidae in Bulgaria (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) with a checklist of all the Bulgarian species. Plovdivski Universitet &quot;Paisij Khilendarski&quot;. Nauchni Trudove Biologiya Animalia 39 (6): 79 - 96" title="New records to the fauna of Eulophidae in Bulgaria (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) with a checklist of all the Bulgarian species. Plovdivski Universitet &quot; Paisij Khilendarski &quot;." volume="39" year="2003">Boyadzhiev 2003</bibRefCitation>
: 82. [Misspelling]
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C58BE0B61C945BDA87B541963E059AAA" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="A2988B58063E11E7536F3352BC198692" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AFBA105CAE59F36D16827925880CEBE4" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">
<materialsCitation id="9BB7899EDB19C20EA9A0739D7500D387" collectingDate="2014-07-11" collectingDateMax="2014-08-24" collectingDateMin="2014-07-11" country="China" county="Shangdong Province" location="Mt. Lao Shan" municipality="Qindao City" specimenCount="10" specimenCount-female="10" stateProvince="Xizang Province">
<specimenCount id="2B9721DD75CAEF4F3EEF7EC5BB6F5293" type="female">5 females</specimenCount>
: [
<specimenCount id="A179B72B25BEF07192C6150BD42A9F08" type="female">3 females</specimenCount>
on cards],
<collectingCountry id="17C280AEF98A6562054916AC056E7CDE" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCounty id="AD00860550075D3A821A38494018DBC9">Shangdong Province</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="0DDB2D307768C6D12864FD3BF01D7A45">Qindao City</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="939CE9BC053A44EB48D40908E1BD0409" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E4F7743E1C375C3DB377F599FB5B3744:939CE9BC053A44EB48D40908E1BD0409" country="China" county="Shangdong Province" municipality="Qindao City" name="Mt. Lao Shan" stateProvince="Xizang Province">Mt. Lao Shan</location>
,
<collectingDate id="691177399638201884E58E766F8B0F29" value="2014-07-11" valueMax="2014-07-13" valueMin="2014-07-11">11-13.VII.2014</collectingDate>
, Guo-Hao Zu, Zhi-Guang Wu, Hai-Feng Bai, by yellow-pan trapping, deposited in YCTU; [
<specimenCount id="6CE218E23F370849B9D23A36EE31F59F" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
on card,
<specimenCount id="E8112C6B38DE61EF5637A77D16D62CE2" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
on slide],
<collectingCountry id="0EB9F5771D4428E95099562D2E625CB2" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="1E735A7812E119382594403E85423EDA" country="China" name="Xizang">Xizang Province</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="2FE59CD409D648D7C98CBA09377121C0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E4F7743E1C375C3DB377F599FB5B3744:2FE59CD409D648D7C98CBA09377121C0" country="China" county="Shangdong Province" municipality="Qindao City" name="Linzhi City" stateProvince="Xizang Province">Linzhi City</location>
,
<location id="FD7D61B74C3DAEA630E0359F3DE4AC0E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E4F7743E1C375C3DB377F599FB5B3744:FD7D61B74C3DAEA630E0359F3DE4AC0E" country="China" county="Shangdong Province" municipality="Qindao City" name="Mt. Sejila Shan" stateProvince="Xizang Province">Mt. Sejila Shan</location>
,
<collectingDate id="070785817960D9F7EB637FD1B49B1892" value="2014-08-20" valueMax="2014-08-24" valueMin="2014-08-20">20-24.VIII.2014</collectingDate>
, Hui-
<location id="9D741F41582422B8E3F682B3B0EC7ABD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E4F7743E1C375C3DB377F599FB5B3744:9D741F41582422B8E3F682B3B0EC7ABD" country="China" county="Shangdong Province" municipality="Qindao City" name="Lin Han" stateProvince="Xizang Province">Lin Han</location>
, by yellow-pan trapping, deposited in NEFU
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="1E4F04D036E314C070EA1A49C47ED3E5" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1187.111723.figures27-32" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/955716" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" start="Figures 27–32" startId="F8">
<paragraph id="B16C68B36FA77D0009A2046B1E8F2374" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">
<emphasis id="6B7B69B0D1D9C2082E54D3C5347F4D4D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">Figures 27-32.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="7BB529C983C0E086787DD5CA217A05AF" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1839" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Quadrastichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Quadrastichus vacuna" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vacuna">
<emphasis id="C9EC86AA7D2A5DEFC6A3AC1D3F8A4FF4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">Quadrastichus vacuna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Walker), female
<emphasis id="918C630B4FA27DBAFEA3157429102108" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">27</emphasis>
head, frontal view
<emphasis id="AD5B3DABCBBFAE90AB72F3EEDD305E98" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">28</emphasis>
antenna, lateral view
<emphasis id="95FC9106FDF50283A1F2BDEAC7A0D8C6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">29</emphasis>
mesosoma, dorsal view
<emphasis id="EF980AB9AB81789FB66CA76BCCABA140" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">30</emphasis>
fore and hind wings, dorsal view
<emphasis id="2C9C4608E055591EEC81F6DCD3E80FDD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">31</emphasis>
legs, lateral view, from left to right: fore, mid, and hind legs
<emphasis id="20367B1B863E58DD879DD46683C8A3DB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">32</emphasis>
metasoma, ventral view. Scale bars: 100
<normalizedToken id="F50BEC54AD647D64B5242B120D7F6C67" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E41AEF230A1BF478DF3B0DD6E0A7B746" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="CAC4EBB1F88E3B5AD16070248EF62879" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4BA7C2C769F0345EE5CCCAAA0A5DE2F6" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">
<emphasis id="52FCCC788B97DEDA34C74B85BE065E0B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">Female.</emphasis>
Body (Fig.
<figureCitation id="23265A1092939435EC84A7BD8C60BD0A" captionStart="Figure 33" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 33. Quadrastichus vacuna (Walker), female 33 habitus, lateral view. Scale bar: 500 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1187.111723.figure33" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/955717" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">33</figureCitation>
) black without yellow markings. Antenna (Fig.
<figureCitation id="01D7521EEA873752E0816D2BFF1039FB" captionStart="Figures 27–32" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 27 - 32. Quadrastichus vacuna (Walker), female 27 head, frontal view 28 antenna, lateral view 29 mesosoma, dorsal view 30 fore and hind wings, dorsal view 31 legs, lateral view, from left to right: fore, mid, and hind legs 32 metasoma, ventral view. Scale bars: 100 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1187.111723.figures27-32" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/955716" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">28</figureCitation>
) with scape nearly reaching vertex but not extending beyond it, clava 2.7-3.0
<normalizedToken id="97308B041C18909391D98E94E571208F" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as broad. Mid lobe of mesoscutum (Fig.
<figureCitation id="3F6A87D981423082E671EF3E09DAE913" captionStart="Figures 27–32" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 27 - 32. Quadrastichus vacuna (Walker), female 27 head, frontal view 28 antenna, lateral view 29 mesosoma, dorsal view 30 fore and hind wings, dorsal view 31 legs, lateral view, from left to right: fore, mid, and hind legs 32 metasoma, ventral view. Scale bars: 100 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1187.111723.figures27-32" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/955716" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">29</figureCitation>
) with 2-3 adnotaular setae on each side. Propodeum with median carina and paraspiracular carinae. Gaster lanceolate, acuminate, 2.5-4.0
<normalizedToken id="3F62CEB4633C0B9FE3B5EB3CF863941F" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as broad, distinctly longer than head and mesosoma combined.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C32AE7C1A62DADBBE4747B0E05C0B061" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">
<emphasis id="2B6D426D12C900475CC7E25E4BA3846D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">Male.</emphasis>
Unknown for Chinese material.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BCC1D5E657BC3A37F328F88AA00C97C5" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" type="host">
<paragraph id="CF90B50218365F35E08B4F70740B30AD" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">Hosts.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="27FED3A533AC959289F35DDDD9414574" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">
Unknown from China. Non-Chinese records include
<taxonomicName id="170677035DC6FF08B8E44E1A4C822F73" baseAuthorityName="Bremi" baseAuthorityYear="1847" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Dasineura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dasineura ulmariae" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ulmariae">
<emphasis id="A7DFCDD53C2CC5AE777B3C06E97BD522" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">Dasineura ulmariae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="7E3F2022A6ACD331B1DEAE7371C83328" author="Graham, MWR de V" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" pagination="1 - 322" refId="B12" refString="Graham, MWR de V, 1991. A reclassification of the European Tetrastichinae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae): revision of the remaining genera. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 49: 1 - 322" title="A reclassification of the European Tetrastichinae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae): revision of the remaining genera." volume="49" year="1991">Graham 1991</bibRefCitation>
) and
<taxonomicName id="85593A6A8F6BF841EE7D09DCBA592CA8" authorityName="Zeller" authorityYear="1839" class="Hexapoda" family="Lyonetiidae" genus="Leucoptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucoptera scitella" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scitella">
<emphasis id="9C36060CE04972AC1309B2AA9F70CE76" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">Leucoptera scitella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="E55799BD90B94D8CD74B782E761C7B50" author="Herting, B" journalOrPublisher="Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Slough" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" refId="B16" refString="Herting, B, 1975. Lepidoptera, Part 1 (Microlepidoptera). A Catalogue of Parasites and Predators of Terrestrial Arthropods. Section A. Host or Prey/Enemy. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Slough" title="Lepidoptera, Part 1 (Microlepidoptera). A Catalogue of Parasites and Predators of Terrestrial Arthropods. Section A. Host or Prey / Enemy." year="1975">Herting 1975</bibRefCitation>
) (
<taxonomicName id="A71B824D7E3A51C9F1E6B9D0674F75DC" class="Hexapoda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="EE24D2EAA16B91BB0EA3506BCC3FD194" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" rank="family">Cecidomyiidae</taxonomicName>
) and
<taxonomicName id="384994E4959476A5938442A487E0F789" authorityName="Fallen" authorityYear="1808" baseAuthorityName="Fallen" baseAuthorityYear="1808" class="Hexapoda" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heterarthrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterarthrus vagans" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vagans">
<emphasis id="51DFF8232ECD16F0248F8CAC11F2FC22" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">Heterarthrus vagans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="97481F872CD1355687D8A0CFBD39BBB0" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.1974.tb00727.x" author="Askew, RR" journalOrPublisher="Linnean Society of London" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" pagination="289 - 335" refId="B1" refString="Askew, RR, Shaw, MR, 1974. An account of the Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) parasitizing leaf-mining insects of deciduous trees in Britain. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London 6 (4): 289 - 335, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.1974.tb00727.x" title="An account of the Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) parasitizing leaf-mining insects of deciduous trees in Britain. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.1974.tb00727.x" volume="6" year="1974">Askew and Shaw 1974</bibRefCitation>
) (
<taxonomicName id="E1EC469207B3EC64B9E17DA1F310CBEB" class="Hexapoda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="A34080C652074FE89CEB8A5FFB0DCB91" class="Palaeacanthocephala" family="Tenthredinidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" phylum="Acanthocephala" rank="family">Tenthredinidae</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2B158F68682C6BBB51C1EF4E489F7C00" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8D414CDA5BE3F33DE72E9CDFD817D3C4" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C2A06F69C43E7A05CB91F796ECF1B0EB" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">
China (Xizang, Shandong), Russia, Italy, Hungary, Bulgaria (
<bibRefCitation id="FAAADAE35EC27EEACF31D98E3A007DD6" author="Boyadzhiev, PS" journalOrPublisher="Nauchni Trudove Biologiya Animalia" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" pagination="79 - 96" refId="B3" refString="Boyadzhiev, PS, 2003. New records to the fauna of Eulophidae in Bulgaria (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) with a checklist of all the Bulgarian species. Plovdivski Universitet &quot;Paisij Khilendarski&quot;. Nauchni Trudove Biologiya Animalia 39 (6): 79 - 96" title="New records to the fauna of Eulophidae in Bulgaria (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) with a checklist of all the Bulgarian species. Plovdivski Universitet &quot; Paisij Khilendarski &quot;." volume="39" year="2003">Boyadzhiev 2003</bibRefCitation>
), Netherlands (
<bibRefCitation id="A5A57BEFB2E02BBED10C4CCDF8B46E4E" author="Gijswijt, MJ" journalOrPublisher="Nederlandse Faunistische Mededelingen" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" pagination="17 - 79" refId="B7" refString="Gijswijt, MJ, 2003. Naamlijst van de Nederlandse bronswespen (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Nederlandse Faunistische Mededelingen 18: 17 - 79" title="Naamlijst van de Nederlandse bronswespen (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea)." volume="18" year="2003">Gijswijt 2003</bibRefCitation>
), Romania (
<bibRefCitation id="7B2636946CA49E3FF5057BA78712D20C" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1515/travmu-2016-0017" author="Hansson, C" journalOrPublisher="Travaux du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle ' Grigore Antipa', Bucuresti" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" pagination="53 - 72" refId="B14" refString="Hansson, C, 2016. New records of Eulophidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) from Romania, inlcuding two new species. Travaux du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle 'Grigore Antipa', Bucuresti 59 (1): 53 - 72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/travmu-2016-0017" title="New records of Eulophidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) from Romania, inlcuding two new species." url="https://doi.org/10.1515/travmu-2016-0017" volume="59" year="2016">Hansson 2016</bibRefCitation>
), Austria, Norway, Poland, Switzerland, Sweden, Czechoslovakia, France, England, Ireland, (
<bibRefCitation id="F9DB908E7036D016E20D243E2F106D72" author="Graham, MWR de V" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" pagination="1 - 322" refId="B12" refString="Graham, MWR de V, 1991. A reclassification of the European Tetrastichinae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae): revision of the remaining genera. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 49: 1 - 322" title="A reclassification of the European Tetrastichinae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae): revision of the remaining genera." volume="49" year="1991">Graham 1991</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="98CA65AEC50B6331140595AD96F92A85" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1187.111723.figure33" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/955717" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" start="Figure 33" startId="F9">
<paragraph id="18179EE757F0197684DBC54FE342B3A3" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">
<emphasis id="7CE127C729251E6B1A8B5B20BA2F1651" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">Figure 33.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="CD759D26681358B10EFF1E73E7F18D18" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1839" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Quadrastichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Quadrastichus vacuna" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vacuna">
<emphasis id="55321C2D751D01341E2960884BEAC7C5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">Quadrastichus vacuna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Walker), female
<emphasis id="D87B332EF240072C600852EE59763C27" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">33</emphasis>
habitus, lateral view. Scale bar: 500
<normalizedToken id="CD66E67574255F968E4448CEEDBE6510" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="03C1FBCE85CC04753FC2673B1EA24D10" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" type="comments">
<paragraph id="48BC411D91F853916D595CD0719904BA" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3B12CCD38ED0962BC7F82D2F43B07B67" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">
<bibRefCitation id="249ABCED56C8682274B8E45D43037DBD" author="Graham, MWR de V" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" pagination="1 - 322" refId="B12" refString="Graham, MWR de V, 1991. A reclassification of the European Tetrastichinae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae): revision of the remaining genera. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 49: 1 - 322" title="A reclassification of the European Tetrastichinae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae): revision of the remaining genera." volume="49" year="1991">Graham (1991)</bibRefCitation>
reported that this species occasionally has two dorsal setae on the SMV. However, all specimens we examined only have one dorsal seta on the SMV.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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