292 lines
30 KiB
XML
292 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.65.26645" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2d7f8b6f-72cb-4f40-ba82-189b8d7fbe86" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2607-65-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFE2FF83FFAEA609FF832571633DFFB1" ID-ZBK="D49D4029A7DA4631960D4B4D7F512B8D" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1408291" ID-ZooBank="D49D4029A7DA4631960D4B4D7F512B8D" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1314-2607-65-1" ModsDocOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 65" ModsDocTitle="Description of mature larvae and ecological notes on Gasteruption Latreille (Hymenoptera, Evanioidea, Gasteruptiidae) parasitizing hymenopterans nesting in reed galls" checkinTime="1555332341058" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Bogusch, Petr, van Achterberg, Cornelis, Silhan, Karel, Astapenkova, Alena & Heneberg, Petr" docDate="2018" docId="E4E2BDA70FD9E7E4688B0210B0B91ED0" docLanguage="en" docName="FFE2FF83FFAEA609FF832571633DFFB1" docOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 65" docPubDate="2018-08-27" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.65.26645" docTitle="Gasteruption assectator , s. str." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" id="FFE2FF83FFAEA609FF832571633DFFB1" lastPageNumber="7" masterDocId="FFE2FF83FFAEA609FF832571633DFFB1" masterDocTitle="Description of mature larvae and ecological notes on Gasteruption Latreille (Hymenoptera, Evanioidea, Gasteruptiidae) parasitizing hymenopterans nesting in reed galls" masterLastPageNumber="21" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="5" updateTime="1678750842147" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Description of mature larvae and ecological notes on Gasteruption Latreille (Hymenoptera, Evanioidea, Gasteruptiidae) parasitizing hymenopterans nesting in reed galls</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Bogusch, Petr</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4554-6141</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, CZ- 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">bogusch.petr@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>van Achterberg, Cornelis</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6495-4853</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Terrestrial Zoology, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Pesthuislaan 7, 2333 BA Leiden, The Netherlands</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Silhan, Karel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, CZ- 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Astapenkova, Alena</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6077-0918</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, CZ- 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Heneberg, Petr</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0703-951X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruska 87, CZ- 100 00 Praha, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Journal of Hymenoptera Research</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2018-08-27</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>65</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>21</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.65.26645</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.65.26645</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2607-65-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">D49D4029A7DA4631960D4B4D7F512B8D</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FFE2FF83FFAEA609FF832571633DFFB1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">1408291</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="156201824" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E4E2BDA70FD9E7E4688B0210B0B91ED0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E4E2BDA70FD9E7E4688B0210B0B91ED0" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<taxonomicName LSID="FCBDE676-D9EE-58EC-BB3E-1A4101DCDD2C" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758), s. str." authorityName=", s. str." baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Insecta" family="Gasteruptiidae" genus="Gasteruption" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gasteruption assectator" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="assectator">Gasteruption assectator (Linnaeus, 1758), s. str.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Larvae of Gasteruption. Gasteruption assectator. A mature larva, lateral view B mature larva, dorsal view C head - mouthparts. Gasteruption nigrescens D mature larva, lateral view E mature larva, dorsal view F head - mouthparts. Gasteruption phragmiticola G mature larva, lateral view H mature larva, dorsal view I head - mouthparts." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.65.26645.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/223781" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs 4A-C (whole larva), 5A-C (drawings of body parts)</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Previous descriptions.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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Larva of this common species is mentioned to be the only larva of this genus previously described in literature:
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1951.tb00749.x" author="Crosskey, RW" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="247 - 301" refId="B7" refString="Crosskey, RW, 1951. The morphology, taxonomy and biology of the British Evanioidea (Hymenoptera). Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 102: 247 - 301, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1951.tb00749.x" title="The morphology, taxonomy and biology of the British Evanioidea (Hymenoptera)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1951.tb00749.x" volume="102" year="1951">Crosskey (1951)</bibRefCitation>
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published very brief description and
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1952.tb02262.x" author="Short, JRT" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Entomological Society in London" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="27 - 66" refId="B22" refString="Short, JRT, 1952. The morphology of the head of larval Hymenoptera with special reference to the head of the Ichneumonoidea, including a classification of the final instar larvae of the Braconidae. Transactions of the Entomological Society in London 103: 27 - 66, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1952.tb02262.x" title="The morphology of the head of larval Hymenoptera with special reference to the head of the Ichneumonoidea, including a classification of the final instar larvae of the Braconidae." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1952.tb02262.x" volume="103" year="1952">Short (1952)</bibRefCitation>
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described in detail the head of the larva. However, the rest of the body was undescribed, and it is necessary to compile a detailed description of the whole larva.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2016-01-15" collectorName="P. Bogusch" country="Hungary" latitude="47.761467" location="Tat" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="18.70205" municipality="Tat" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-larva="1">
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<collectingCountry name="Hungary" value="Hungary">Hungary</collectingCountry>
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bor.,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Tát">
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E4E2BDA70FD9E7E4688B0210B0B91ED0:5C9AB3F0652157F146DC59A6BD988472" country="Hungary" latitude="47.761467" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="18.70205" name="Tat">
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<collectingMunicipality>Tat</collectingMunicipality>
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</location>
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</normalizedToken>
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env.,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="47.761468" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="47.761467">47.761468</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="18.702050" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="18.70205">18.702050</geoCoordinate>
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, reed bed surrounding water reservoir,
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<collectingDate value="2016-01-15">
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<date value="2016-01-15">15.i.2016</date>
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</collectingDate>
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,
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<specimenCount type="larva">1 larva</specimenCount>
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from nest of
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="M. Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1911" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Pemphredon" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pemphredon fabricii" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fabricii">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Pemphredon fabricii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<collectorName>P. Bogusch</collectorName>
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lgt
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</materialsCitation>
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.;
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2018-01-01" collectingDateMax="2018-12-31" collectingDateMin="2018-01-01" collectorName="P. Bogusch, P. Heneberg" country="Hungary" determinerName="P. Bogusch" latitude="46.738373" location="Balaton region" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="17.586306" municipality="Fonyod" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-larva="1">
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<collectingCountry name="Hungary" value="Hungary">Hungary</collectingCountry>
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occ.,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E4E2BDA70FD9E7E4688B0210B0B91ED0:2F0831D1FEA0DE88086CDA37E9BB57C8" country="Hungary" latitude="46.738373" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="17.586306" municipality="Fonyod" name="Balaton region">
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<collectingMunicipality>Balaton</collectingMunicipality>
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region
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</location>
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,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Fonyód">
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<collectingMunicipality>
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E4E2BDA70FD9E7E4688B0210B0B91ED0:03F09BBCEF6978F08A0ECB49904BC799" country="Hungary" latitude="46.738373" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="17.586306" municipality="Balaton" name="Fonyod">Fonyod</location>
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</collectingMunicipality>
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</normalizedToken>
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env.,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="46.738374" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="46.738373">46.738374</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="17.586305" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="17.586306">17.586305</geoCoordinate>
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, terrestrial reed bed,
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<specimenCount type="larva">1 larva</specimenCount>
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from nest of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Nylander" authorityYear="1852" class="Insecta" family="Colletidae" genus="Hylaeus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hylaeus confusus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="confusus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Hylaeus confusus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<collectorName>P. Bogusch</collectorName>
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&
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<collectorName>P. Heneberg</collectorName>
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lgt., both
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<determinerName>P. Bogusch</determinerName>
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det. & coll
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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The mature larva of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="G. assectator" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species" species="assectator">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">G. assectator</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is similar to other larvae of this genus. It is smaller in total length as well as the body parts (head, mandible) are smaller than in the larvae of bigger species
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<taxonomicName lsidName="G. phragmiticola" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species" species="phragmiticola">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">G. phragmiticola</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="G. nigrescens" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species" species="nigrescens">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">G. nigrescens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The body is less sclerotized, which is well-visible especially on the head and mouthparts - the yellowish-colored more pigmented mandible, apices of maxillae and labium and antennal tubercles are in contrast with the same parts brownish in the other two species. The mandible is shorter with apical tooth not projecting as much behind the other, its top is blunter than of the other species. The presently described larvae are both very similar in the morphology although they differ in size (which is normal in parasitic species) and their morphology corresponds with the description of
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1951.tb00749.x" author="Crosskey, RW" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="247 - 301" refId="B7" refString="Crosskey, RW, 1951. The morphology, taxonomy and biology of the British Evanioidea (Hymenoptera). Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 102: 247 - 301, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1951.tb00749.x" title="The morphology, taxonomy and biology of the British Evanioidea (Hymenoptera)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1951.tb00749.x" volume="102" year="1951">Crosskey (1951)</bibRefCitation>
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and figures of head of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="G. assectator" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species" species="assectator">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">G. assectator</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1952.tb02262.x" author="Short, JRT" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Entomological Society in London" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="27 - 66" refId="B22" refString="Short, JRT, 1952. The morphology of the head of larval Hymenoptera with special reference to the head of the Ichneumonoidea, including a classification of the final instar larvae of the Braconidae. Transactions of the Entomological Society in London 103: 27 - 66, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1952.tb02262.x" title="The morphology of the head of larval Hymenoptera with special reference to the head of the Ichneumonoidea, including a classification of the final instar larvae of the Braconidae." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1952.tb02262.x" volume="103" year="1952">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Short’s">Short's</normalizedToken>
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(1952)
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</bibRefCitation>
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study.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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Body: Body length 5.4 and
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.7" unit="mm" value="67.0">6.7 mm</quantity>
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(N=2). Body vestiture without spicules consisting only of numerous slender, pale setae, tapering to fine points, arising from small but distinct alveoli; these setae conspicuous and elongate. Setae abundant on elevated dorsal surfaces of thorax and widely scattered on anterior ventral surface of thorax; some setae present on dorsal surfaces of metasomal tergites while tergites 3-7 possess less setae than T1-3 and T8-T10. Caudal annulets of abdominal segment 8, 9, and 10 are most setose; dorsal surface elsewhere with scattered short inconspicuous setae. Body form of postdefecating larva wide and dorsoventrally flattened, robust; body segments of similar width on whole length (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Larvae of Gasteruption. Gasteruption assectator. A mature larva, lateral view B mature larva, dorsal view C head - mouthparts. Gasteruption nigrescens D mature larva, lateral view E mature larva, dorsal view F head - mouthparts. Gasteruption phragmiticola G mature larva, lateral view H mature larva, dorsal view I head - mouthparts." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.65.26645.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/223781" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">4A-B</figureCitation>
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). Paired body tubercles absent or very ill-developed on thorax but present and well-developed on metasomal segments except last (T10), T7-9 with less-conspicuous tubercles than previous tergites. Dorsal tubercles flat and well-developed on thoracic segments 2 and 3, and abdominal tergites while most conspicuous are on T2-T6. Body shape of predefecating larva in lateral outline with first abdominal segments having greatest diameter and outline tapering slightly forward and strongly backward from there. Abdominal segment 9 shorter and more hirsute than previous, segment 10 attached to middle of segment
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.286" unit="in" value="9.0">9 in</quantity>
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lateral view; anus positioned medially and transverse. Spiracles (Figure
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Body parts of larvae of Gasteruption. Gasteruption assectator. A head, frontal view B mandible, frontal view C spiracle. Gasteruption nigrescens D head, frontal view E mandible, frontal view F spiracle. Gasteruption phragmiticola G head, frontal view H mandible, frontal view I spiracle." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.65.26645.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/223782" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">5C</figureCitation>
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) unpigmented, subequal in diameter; atrium globular, slightly wider than deep, projecting little above body wall, with rim; atrial opening diameter vs. peritreme width ratio 1.5; atrial inner surface with rows of wrinkles concentric with primary tracheal opening; primary tracheal opening with collar; subatrium long, with about 20 or more chambers of approximately equal size except one or two next to atrium slightly larger in diameter. Sex characters unknown.
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</paragraph>
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<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="1408371" doi="10.3897/jhr.65.26645.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/223781" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figure 4.</emphasis>
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Larvae of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gasteruptiidae" genus="Gasteruption" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gasteruption" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Gasteruption</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName authorityName=", s. str." baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Insecta" family="Gasteruptiidae" genus="Gasteruption" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gasteruption assectator" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="assectator">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Gasteruption assectator</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">A</emphasis>
|
||
mature larva, lateral view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">B</emphasis>
|
||
mature larva, dorsal view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C</emphasis>
|
||
head - mouthparts.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schletterer" authorityYear="1885" class="Insecta" family="Gasteruptiidae" genus="Gasteruption" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gasteruption nigrescens" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrescens">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Gasteruption nigrescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">D</emphasis>
|
||
mature larva, lateral view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">E</emphasis>
|
||
mature larva, dorsal view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">F</emphasis>
|
||
head - mouthparts.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Saure" authorityYear="2006" class="Insecta" family="Gasteruptiidae" genus="Gasteruption" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gasteruption phragmiticola" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phragmiticola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Gasteruption phragmiticola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">G</emphasis>
|
||
mature larva, lateral view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">H</emphasis>
|
||
mature larva, dorsal view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">I</emphasis>
|
||
head - mouthparts.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="6" start="start">Head</pageBreakToken>
|
||
: Head moderately small in relation to body size; oriented in normal, hypognathous position relative to thorax. Setae long but sparse on upper part of head capsule; those of maxillary and labial apices large, straight and conspicuous. Head capsule unpigmented except at points of articulations with mandibles; labrum faintly pigmented; mandibles moderately pigmented except mandibular apices and areas of articulation with head capsule strongly pigmented; maxillary sclerites faintly pigmented; salivary lips not projecting, unpigmented; antennal papilla, maxillary and labial palpi all uniformly moderately pigmented (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Larvae of Gasteruption. Gasteruption assectator. A mature larva, lateral view B mature larva, dorsal view C head - mouthparts. Gasteruption nigrescens D mature larva, lateral view E mature larva, dorsal view F head - mouthparts. Gasteruption phragmiticola G mature larva, lateral view H mature larva, dorsal view I head - mouthparts." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.65.26645.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/223781" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">4C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Body parts of larvae of Gasteruption. Gasteruption assectator. A head, frontal view B mandible, frontal view C spiracle. Gasteruption nigrescens D head, frontal view E mandible, frontal view F spiracle. Gasteruption phragmiticola G head, frontal view H mandible, frontal view I spiracle." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.65.26645.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/223782" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">5A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Spiculation apparently absent even on hypopharynx, not on maxilla. Coronal ridge present for more than half distance from postoccipital ridge toward level of antennae in frontal view; postoccipital ridge developed but badly visible, not bending forward; hypostomal ridge well developed, giving rise to pronounced dorsal ramus that extends posteriorly for short distance before ending abruptly in front of postoccipital ridge; both hypostomal ridge and ramus unpigmented; posterior part of ridge bending strongly mesad, forming deeply recessed posterior tentorial pit at junction with posterior tentorial bridge; posterior bridge absent in postdefecating larva because specimen preparing to molt; internal pleurostomal ridge obviously present but not well defined; epistomal ridge not developed. Tentorium mostly absent because of impending ecdysis. Parietal bands absent. In lateral view, clypeus not projecting beyond frons, antenna arising from well-developed prominence, and labrum not extending much beyond clypeus. Diameter of basal ring of antenna about two-thirds distance from closest point on ring to center of anterior tentorial pit; antennal papilla distinctly but not strongly pigmented, moderately large and elongate, longer than twice basal diameter, apically rounded, bearing perhaps two sensillae apically. Frontal area between antennae with two linear rows of six setae and one sensilla in middle, two additional setae laterally near highest positioned sensillae. Parietal region with several setae - five setae from pleurostomal ridge to front tentorial pit, four smaller setae under antennal orbit and one conspicuous seta just above basal clypeal margin. Clypeus wide with ill-developed basal and apical margins, two sensillae basally on sides and three small sensillae more medially on each side. Labrum shallowly emarginated apically in middle, with a group of four conspicuous and several smaller sensillae on each side apically; labral sclerite not defined and only very poorly pigmented. Epipharynx simple without any visible structures. Mandible moderately robust, darkly pigmented, tridentate with apical tooth longest and blunt, medial tooth with blunt apex, lateral tooth small; cuspal area developed, projecting, with surface irregularly uneven; outer mandibular surface without setae (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Body parts of larvae of Gasteruption. Gasteruption assectator. A head, frontal view B mandible, frontal view C spiracle. Gasteruption nigrescens D head, frontal view E mandible, frontal view F spiracle. Gasteruption phragmiticola G head, frontal view H mandible, frontal view I spiracle." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.65.26645.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/223782" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">5B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Maxillary apex strongly bent mesad in frontal view, so that maxillary palpus subapical in position; cardo distinct, posterior end directed toward posterior tentorial pit; stipes weakly sclerotized; maxillary palpi elongate, probably more than two times basal diameters, both pigmented like antennal papilla but slightly thinner than papilla. Stipes with four conspicuous setae. Labium not divided into prementum and postmentum; apex moderately narrow in frontal view; premental sclerite apparently absent as well as border between pre- and postmentum. Two setae on both sides and two smaller on ventral surface. Salivary lips round and
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="7" start="start">well-visible</pageBreakToken>
|
||
, with inner surface bearing parallel longitudinal grooves; width of lips slightly more than double width of maxillary palpus. Labial palpus scale-like with three sensillae in middle.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="1408373" doi="10.3897/jhr.65.26645.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/223782" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Body parts of larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gasteruptiidae" genus="Gasteruption" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gasteruption" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Gasteruption</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName=", s. str." baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Insecta" family="Gasteruptiidae" genus="Gasteruption" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gasteruption assectator" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="assectator">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Gasteruption assectator</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">A</emphasis>
|
||
head, frontal view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">B</emphasis>
|
||
mandible, frontal view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C</emphasis>
|
||
spiracle.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schletterer" authorityYear="1885" class="Insecta" family="Gasteruptiidae" genus="Gasteruption" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gasteruption nigrescens" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrescens">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Gasteruption nigrescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">D</emphasis>
|
||
head, frontal view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">E</emphasis>
|
||
mandible, frontal view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">F</emphasis>
|
||
spiracle.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Saure" authorityYear="2006" class="Insecta" family="Gasteruptiidae" genus="Gasteruption" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gasteruption phragmiticola" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phragmiticola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Gasteruption phragmiticola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">G</emphasis>
|
||
head, frontal view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">H</emphasis>
|
||
mandible, frontal view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">I</emphasis>
|
||
spiracle.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |