169 lines
14 KiB
XML
169 lines
14 KiB
XML
<document id="EDE3BA3E85E5215ACCCA8B60628BE4CB" ID-CLB-Dataset="34437" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.493.6353" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a15ec661-e796-4207-8509-756590c75c0e" ID-PMC="PMC4389221" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-493-1" ID-PubMed="25878545" ID-ZooBank="1FBFFA4CA71F495CAD22F2EB680FEF95" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1313-2970-493-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 493" ModsDocTitle="Afrotropical Cynipoidea (Hymenoptera)" checkinTime="1451244490299" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Noort, Simon van, Buffington, Matthew L. & Forshage, Mattias" docDate="2015" docId="E4C940AEEAA945B0BD373BB42CB3BA75" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 493: 1-176" docOrigin="ZooKeys 493" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.493.6353" docTitle="Prosaspicera Kieffer 1907" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="39" masterDocId="DD2DFF8EFFC4FFA2FFD7FFE4FFB46007" masterDocTitle="Afrotropical Cynipoidea (Hymenoptera)" masterLastPageNumber="176" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="38" updateTime="1732636387186" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="356CD6411AA701C280F1D2CE204F4A3A" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="A18DBC5828BC364745A46D066A4E3286">
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<mods:title id="7D7AC4B798CB2003D9C382E1E5672378">Afrotropical Cynipoidea (Hymenoptera)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="E56B3F733897997F390DAD0D574DF056" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="3C8239C93D87C81D99EAB3C524478C8B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="8F3E71D1FE29D8B8A6146312D58AB908">Noort, Simon van</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="111C4BA334DB3C2FA619A7BEED59344A" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="2D8E7152E936ED44D1F0616C1301DC6B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="1154741902F818B3EBBAB9F13D3CE392">Buffington, Matthew L.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="3694591EB8583E8FBA7BBEFE721E6E2A" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="B44166489B980BBB7BA1F18BD5DFD8CF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="CADB24803296ED3312EE69262C389217">Forshage, Mattias</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="7682AA098816C55707129C7608AD092A">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="62385B927BA2CDF2590AE01C28FE0801">
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<mods:title id="20F8EA7F98A8172D3CE7CC7FFF34CE88">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="F3E19816CB4E88D1A7EBA8C4272AC054">
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<mods:date id="331D31F1B67F6225F3402AFBB34DF75A">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="04DA73D888BFCB4DEBAEDAD491232E93" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="BDCEF087019C821520740385DF119EB1">493</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent id="A031A536132DA1DA5A1A354B1134F9A9" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="8E6FDDAB988770A4A8016560E0C3CD41">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="F40E52BD291599A5B4E5037944A2B6FC">176</mods:end>
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<mods:location id="3C78F973483A439A3B966C0A1D02FE12">
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<mods:url id="ACAFCD440FA4FFE68692F704CF4E5A42">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.493.6353</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification id="5A1DFC18FA45A554DE4982BDCAC0E8B3">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="45F83F05A4D1C7C9AB36C32CD1479240" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.493.6353</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="5A05D6F93028A46DDA1BCDBCEBB370C8" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-493-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="209698BF712F0803C2025252234A1372" type="ZooBank">1FBFFA4CA71F495CAD22F2EB680FEF95</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="E4C940AEEAA945B0BD373BB42CB3BA75" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152059205" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E4C940AEEAA945B0BD373BB42CB3BA75" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E4C940AEEAA945B0BD373BB42CB3BA75" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" scope_family="Figitidae" scope_order="Hymenoptera" scope_subFamily="Aspicerinae" scope_superFamily="Cynipoidea">
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<subSubSection id="B6A56D07708F05BEE8FF691377BAEB98" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="3DAA8BB14290DAFAD9296ED914EB1849" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Taxon classification Animalia Hymenoptera Figitidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="76C952598B1AA1F779AF71E52CFE0818" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="D5C2D82C009DD53CFA4EB6B8D871F403" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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<taxonomicName id="A4AA90CCA33FAC76DC5CD5F982DEB65B" authority="Kieffer, 1907" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1907" genus="Prosaspicera" lsidName="Prosaspicera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rank="genus">Prosaspicera Kieffer, 1907</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D1AAD31F367A59B7A3CAB37459CB19B4" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="remarks">
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<paragraph id="6BAD9A152D27A477365E308F55B03A05" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D114A54170DE98BB9A9010991FB259B9" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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Revised by
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<bibRefCitation id="A12536E986CF8CE484C37841A572E19B" author="Diaz, NB" journalOrPublisher="Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina" pageId="150" pageNumber="151" pagination="97 - 104" title="Sobre algunas especies del genero Prosaspicera Kieffer, 1907 (Hymenoptera, Cynipoidea)." volume="38" year="1979">
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<normalizedToken id="8E44B34A42D2F639DADFED71F3D35205" originalValue="Díaz">Diaz</normalizedToken>
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(1979)
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</bibRefCitation>
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and by
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<bibRefCitation id="7382D0E778648E451E7DC63D99637632" author="Ros-Farre, P" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="159" pageNumber="160" pagination="1 - 102" title="Revision of the genus Prosaspicera Kieffer, 1907 (Hym, Figitidae: Aspicerinae)." volume="1379" year="2006">
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<normalizedToken id="B1A298BD15D162E9D04369DA9A099166" originalValue="Ros-Farré">Ros-Farre</normalizedToken>
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and Pujade-Villar (2006)
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</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B408FD30EE93C29CC383009B08F940A5" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="6E606F1C04205BA4711D615514477833" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5E405A8F73DBC9B1DC997F420C10793E" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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This taxon is most easily confused with Afrotropical
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<taxonomicName id="D9641DF107CC1A6665FBD05B7B52F6EE" genus="Aspicera" lsidName="Aspicera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rank="genus">Aspicera</taxonomicName>
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, but can be distinguished from that taxon by having a much longer scutellar spine, easily as long as the petiole and distinctly overhanging it (much shorter in
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<taxonomicName id="224FE256DA36C1CA45AAE66620AD7270" genus="Aspicera" lsidName="Aspicera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rank="genus">Aspicera</taxonomicName>
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, not overhanging the petiole). Further,
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<taxonomicName id="ADC0FEF2D8AA513CFDD37345A461935B" genus="Aspicera" lsidName="Aspicera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rank="genus">Aspicera</taxonomicName>
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has not yet been recorded from equatorial Africa, and appears to be restricted to arid portions of Mediterranean Africa and the southern Arabian Peninsula (here).
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<taxonomicName id="A4F53FFF0759BFD11E3E70977800CFA0" genus="Prosaspicera" lsidName="Prosaspicera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rank="genus">Prosaspicera</taxonomicName>
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can, to a lesser extent, be confused with the figitines
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<taxonomicName id="709E3C262EC530C022D9C3E67F4EF435" genus="Neralsia" lsidName="Neralsia" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rank="genus">Neralsia</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="609E0A53F62BECDC8AC415C14DEF13D7" genus="Xyalophora" lsidName="Xyalophora" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rank="genus">Xyalophora</taxonomicName>
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(all having reasonably well-developed scutellar spines); however, figitines lack the ligulate metasomal T2, and well as the facial impression, and these two characters separate
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<taxonomicName id="00DCEC957AEEA10D3C5C3DD8820B5ABB" genus="Prosaspicera" lsidName="Prosaspicera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rank="genus">Prosaspicera</taxonomicName>
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from figitines with scutellar spines.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="9B0B6FF4E4FD61CCB643C410BBFE474F" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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<paragraph id="4272B8EEF248B973046B4F34A0CA3107" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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Figure 12.
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<taxonomicName id="6572814F7841F3998D6CF6A6B2FCC7F1" genus="Prosaspicera" lsidName="Prosaspicera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rank="genus">Prosaspicera</taxonomicName>
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species (South Africa). A habitus lateral view B head and mesosoma dorsal view C head, dorsal view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="DEB8F731A307D87DB8231541E6C1BDA8" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="555AC3E78BF8D69CE5702CA03DA09B5E" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D6AC10AE8966A2792618110F6E3763E1" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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Mainly pantropical, but extending into the southern Nearctic and the southeastern Palearctic. Afrotropical records: Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Ghana, Malawi, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Zimbabwe (
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<bibRefCitation id="B44B52E018BF6FCD9FBB828648CBA777" author="Ros-Farre, P" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="159" pageNumber="160" pagination="1 - 102" title="Revision of the genus Prosaspicera Kieffer, 1907 (Hym, Figitidae: Aspicerinae)." volume="1379" year="2006">
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<normalizedToken id="F1D5A5D8B68C187B4690ECDD547A6525" originalValue="Ros-Farré">Ros-Farre</normalizedToken>
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and Pujade-Villar 2006
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</bibRefCitation>
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); South Africa (here).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A414693F8DAF0B09256961E163221D27" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="biology">
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<paragraph id="DD4AFAFD3B3BB1D216FCFDAAAD713BA6" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Biology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0770E19555D04F9C14AD70416AC824DB" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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Parasitoid of aphidivorous
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<taxonomicName id="CFD2FA74B3434B4FFBD90C4E51EAB0EF" lsidName="Brachycera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rank="suborder" suborder="Brachycera">Brachycera</taxonomicName>
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larvae (
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<taxonomicName id="05AB355CAECED2EF02DF3BF6036F6926" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Syrphidae</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="F634F309F7DFC064C70C8803B7492D28" author="Ros-Farre, P" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="159" pageNumber="160" pagination="1 - 102" title="Revision of the genus Prosaspicera Kieffer, 1907 (Hym, Figitidae: Aspicerinae)." volume="1379" year="2006">
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<normalizedToken id="DB86D6B28A6D3EBE91939AA12CF1ED4B" originalValue="Ros-Farré">Ros-Farre</normalizedToken>
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and Pujade-Villar 2006
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</bibRefCitation>
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). USNM has two specimens from Nigeria reared from
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<taxonomicName id="F2F5C4B5D4C488D231E13D3CF582B960" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Paragus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paragus" order="Diptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Paragus</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName id="4F9959B585B4AF440B8B3F6EAA56A203" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Syrphidae</taxonomicName>
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) on cotton.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="867054581A1522B50A7C646A7634A11F" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="species richness">
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<paragraph id="5E832B001D04C043125316D152B268E8" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Species richness.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="44FDE6A0974DE63E62EB053DD168B369" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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<taxonomicName id="7E5DF9324FF9A84BAAB59274064C3B68" genus="Prosaspicera" lsidName="Prosaspicera antennata" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rank="species" species="antennata">Prosaspicera antennata</taxonomicName>
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(Benoit, 1956c) (
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<taxonomicName id="086656FCBAE5E2E4D0E6E1FCCC7BA2CB" genus="Aspicera" lsidName="Aspicera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rank="genus">Aspicera</taxonomicName>
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) (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6EC27D768A5CED8549C0DEA2016809DF" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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<taxonomicName id="8134452AC2A49AE77978F7767E43DA78" genus="Prosaspicera" lsidName="Prosaspicera optiva" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rank="species" species="optiva">Prosaspicera optiva</taxonomicName>
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Quinlan, 1979 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7B1B5E64E8F8BA496D4E8AC706512983" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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<taxonomicName id="29E09F1775FA904BC92AE30B01B7125F" genus="Prosaspicera" lsidName="Prosaspicera paragicida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="paragicida">
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<pageBreakToken id="9197E9030B73897227E077FCB3BE05EA" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" start="start">Prosaspicera</pageBreakToken>
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paragicida
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</taxonomicName>
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(Benoit, 1956c) (
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<taxonomicName id="1785A3C6A76DC40140F0763E3730A8F9" genus="Aspicera" lsidName="Aspicera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" rank="genus">Aspicera</taxonomicName>
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) (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="92A24B059DAABBF57EAE4E70F8B26A85" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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<taxonomicName id="DF6F5F2EB24843ADD2682CC396EEC984" genus="Prosaspicera" lsidName="Prosaspicera tropica" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="tropica">Prosaspicera tropica</taxonomicName>
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(Kieffer, 1910d) (
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<taxonomicName id="C24D27EC0B7912834A56F116DE8B1C1B" genus="Aspicera" lsidName="Aspicera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" rank="genus">Aspicera</taxonomicName>
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) (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Ghana, Malawi, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Zimbabwe)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7BAE4E5396D1E9893C50F19534BB52E8" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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syn
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<taxonomicName id="C20B16EAAF4F87B4BF714EF9C2EA9C07" genus="Aspicera" lsidName="Aspicera africana" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="africana">Aspicera africana</taxonomicName>
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Kinsey, 1919
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="723EDC566BECEC6FF0EDFB392B8AE910" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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syn
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<taxonomicName id="4D08D38E967A982BA80DB212F2EA9DA8" genus="Aspicera" lsidName="Aspicera kisantua" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="kisantua">Aspicera kisantua</taxonomicName>
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Benoit, 1956c
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |