treatments-xml/data/E4/7F/09/E47F09B65E7F3A1BF2E67433B2383996.xml

204 lines
20 KiB
XML
Raw Permalink Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="28CE2592C620BAB8C1802F2A359DCFBF" ID-CLB-Dataset="36098" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.330.5852" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f9602278-08da-4939-93dd-c27411b58799" ID-PMC="PMC3800804" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-330-27" ID-PubMed="24146554" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2013" ModsDocID="1313-2970-330-27" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 330" ModsDocTitle="Systematics of a widely distributed western North American springsnail, Pyrgulopsis micrococcus (Caenogastropoda, Hydrobiidae), with descriptions of three new congeners" checkinTime="1451246967179" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Hershler, Robert, Liu, Hsiu-Ping &amp; Bradford, Corbin" docDate="2013" docId="E47F09B65E7F3A1BF2E67433B2383996" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 330: 27-52" docOrigin="ZooKeys 330" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.330.5852" docTitle="Pyrgulopsis turbatrix Hershler 1998" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="41" masterDocId="0D16A727FFC8FFB1FFC7FFA2FFDEFFA5" masterDocTitle="Systematics of a widely distributed western North American springsnail, Pyrgulopsis micrococcus (Caenogastropoda, Hydrobiidae), with descriptions of three new congeners" masterLastPageNumber="52" masterPageNumber="27" pageNumber="40" updateTime="1732785230747" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="9C3E465F05BD45BB164696D022E083A1" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="30A8D511396F0288160E0F559FE7DD6C">
<mods:title id="54BCB0B3D6C4D105897C2E8AAB7F6039">Systematics of a widely distributed western North American springsnail, Pyrgulopsis micrococcus (Caenogastropoda, Hydrobiidae), with descriptions of three new congeners</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="9E1C7E98144242A22E882DB95A7B32FF" type="personal">
<mods:role id="C6D729EC015DC46B22BA31B0850B0BDA">
<mods:roleTerm id="505D7652FD76B15D05A1A12A67BCBEB8">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="CB83D50AC7B530A11827E7C50C09B2B1">Hershler, Robert</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="812E536E17B7DC7BDD70DEEC2695EE7F" type="personal">
<mods:role id="3B9CC8CDED583014CA82195BFB8241CC">
<mods:roleTerm id="3C8D60FB8C0EA37161E2792DC36F4E56">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="00A8400864AE2E39B0CFCB9FFE13D928">Liu, Hsiu-Ping</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="4CDA42FE0685A31183E9A0E9198ED951" type="personal">
<mods:role id="26A6D0AC8F16F6C4D14A39E0D7D32EE2">
<mods:roleTerm id="C48544B7F5FC0F7AC6763047E5D1CA2C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="37DEBE9100AB29A2A0A371FC2A31506E">Bradford, Corbin</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="8E3C0517A01D3967F63442666BDDF877">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="6BB3BEDEF8A7F0CE607938D112A26EEF" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="ACA976775A723BCE85039DA3EE9C0F4C">
<mods:title id="717AC13CFF6E1500561A1B942540A399">ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="12A2667179A28ECF023A754F9D342AA3">
<mods:date id="E05993AE5B3ECE227289D328844BD92B">2013</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="3CEC02FDC7D27D0068B547D8D552A832" type="volume">
<mods:number id="9521761D4C80ECA644C35E5E1587477F">330</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="F67C11BA9327B8033B96DE6FDBE138EA" unit="page">
<mods:start id="8738F2A742BD38A74F52783216882E28">27</mods:start>
<mods:end id="F03DCE68A56F8979AADBB3146D227FFE">52</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location id="DD7A8F8B7B3723E61A174EF890D9BB2E">
<mods:url id="1556A5A1B5F05D4238AC4220C52DCC85">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.330.5852</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="4C2B2FE0BA2C2B959963A17B6F0F4AD0">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="C4FD40BA2651A21498730C4301CBBAAD" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.330.5852</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="04E137ED0FB386F5C34DA71533B96D6A" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-330-27</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="E47F09B65E7F3A1BF2E67433B2383996" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152047535" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E47F09B65E7F3A1BF2E67433B2383996" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E47F09B65E7F3A1BF2E67433B2383996" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="13" pageNumber="40" scope_family="Hydrobiidae" scope_subClass="Caenogastropoda">
<subSubSection id="BD2D88FCE58301A04CB570A73392FD64" pageId="13" pageNumber="40" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="3CF6D655B52516D6C549D56FD2F371FF" pageId="13" pageNumber="40">
<taxonomicName id="7E83D851C250C8916BEC6586CEEBE600" ID-CoL="4QTYR" LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Pyrgulopsis_turbatrix" authority="Hershler, 1998" authorityName="Hershler" authorityYear="1998" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Pyrgulopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pyrgulopsis turbatrix" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="13" pageNumber="40" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="turbatrix">Pyrgulopsis turbatrix Hershler, 1998</taxonomicName>
Figs 4
<normalizedToken id="E16793A1E64478F57BE1AF6D8F622083" originalValue="IL">I-L</normalizedToken>
, 9
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="36941BBA7A42C896E21BDD2FEE6770A1" pageId="13" pageNumber="40" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="29BA4B81D9970965773488E9A63A12A8" pageId="13" pageNumber="40">
<taxonomicName id="CAF8FC7B9FCD5EE431D3A05FAA676239" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Pyrgulopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pyrgulopsis turbatrix" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="13" pageNumber="40" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="turbatrix">Pyrgulopsis turbatrix</taxonomicName>
Hershler, 1998: 50, figs. 6K, 18
<normalizedToken id="FED9209B14ADCA23E11F6F5D1352D3CC" originalValue="GJ">G-J</normalizedToken>
, 30
<normalizedToken id="E6F7A98FF3056746285A693A579F4252" originalValue="DF">D-F</normalizedToken>
(Horseshutem Springs, Pahrump Valley, Nye County, Nevada).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DCEC8E630A0089F5F1C99EC3A1DC943C" pageId="13" pageNumber="40">
<taxonomicName id="577ACE33F7D8947C9D11E9A352676EB1" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Pyrgulopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pyrgulopsis micrococcus" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="13" pageNumber="40" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="micrococcus">Pyrgulopsis micrococcus</taxonomicName>
. -
<bibRefCitation id="9521AF307B8C18AE68DB2D410E13DDE7" author="Hershler, R" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="17" pageNumber="44" pagination="176 - 248" title="Springsnails (Gastropoda: Hydrobiidae) of Owens and Amargosa River (exclusive of Ash Meadows) drainages, Death Valley system, California-Nevada." volume="102" year="1989">Hershler 1989</bibRefCitation>
(in part).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B4FFA9D1B5DB3774B9CAC54676FA8749" pageId="13" pageNumber="40">
<taxonomicName id="C685DD79E2FB2ADDD067EEBD1E92E6B9" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Pyrgulopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pyrgulopsis micrococcus" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="13" pageNumber="40" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="micrococcus">Pyrgulopsis micrococcus</taxonomicName>
. -
<bibRefCitation id="93E95203BD7AA1AAB6C7C073C562C38C" author="Hershler, R" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="17" pageNumber="44" pagination="279 - 299" title="A new Pyrgulopsis (Gastropoda: Hydrobiidae) from southeastern California, with a model for historical development of the Death Valley hydrographic system." volume="103" year="1990">Hershler and Pratt 1990</bibRefCitation>
(in part).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2042F6209C1250EF2465269B40350A0B" pageId="13" pageNumber="40">
<taxonomicName id="2E5E3792EF7268BE4D305ED047BC5690" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Pyrgulopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pyrgulopsis micrococcus" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="13" pageNumber="40" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="micrococcus">Pyrgulopsis micrococcus</taxonomicName>
clade D. -
<bibRefCitation id="654B522F04FFD8F2D0CFB167B7A5BF39" author="Liu, H-P" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Ecology" pageId="18" pageNumber="45" pagination="2771 - 2782" title="Mitochondrial DNA sequences reveal extensive cryptic diversity within a western American springsnail." url="10.1046/j.1365-294X.2003.01949.x" volume="12" year="2003">Liu et al. (2003)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E791B2C0338193083F1765160227A92A" pageId="13" pageNumber="40" type="types">
<paragraph id="72270AB2D6C9360CE6B129EEDD04B661" pageId="13" pageNumber="40">Types.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5810F19CBF4FD198E2FF78AB6CF41929" pageId="13" pageNumber="40">Holotype, USNM 883978; paratypes, USNM 860699 (from same lot).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EFBB3193FAB7ACF19E2AA3587498DA16" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="13" pageNumber="40" type="other material examined">
<paragraph id="47091B5D1A5C3F2B3C6A94414BCADD96" pageId="13" pageNumber="40">Other material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="33137F705CBCC566A5807843A475B61E" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="13" pageNumber="40">
CALIFORNIA.
<pageBreakToken id="109828C25EE724262161D16861D28FE4" pageId="14" pageNumber="41" start="start">Inyo</pageBreakToken>
County: USNM 853508, USNM 883373, Hanaupah Spring, Hanaupah Canyon, Death Valley (
<geoCoordinate id="129C84BF984269484F365EAE1301E17B" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="36.18684">36.18684°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="7D7123163F5CA878F5111941C2466C06" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-117.02537">117.02537°W</geoCoordinate>
), USNM 853512, spring above Darwin Falls, Panamint Valley (
<geoCoordinate id="07770B1FA12424F7B048663574F07760" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="36.31783">36.31783°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="487AF4B8F6BB3AB83C8265BBE8ECB46C" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-115.527">115.52700°W</geoCoordinate>
), USNM 857969, stream below Darwin Falls, Panamint Valley (
<geoCoordinate id="55B51C78A3F824A45E24E825F861C220" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="36.32033">36.32033°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="C57C56D7AB48278174B34F5E8DE0815B" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-117.51917">117.51917°W</geoCoordinate>
), USNM 857968, Saline Marsh, Saline Valley (
<geoCoordinate id="2D957F2D137C81EAAA69F2AC55173C46" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="36.6935">36.69350°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="314BDF84A4908E6075FE41CF2CECAE49" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-117.83033">117.83033°W</geoCoordinate>
). San Bernardino County: SBMNH uncat., roadside spring between north shore highway and Big Bear Lake at point 1.2 km east of road which crosses lake, Southern California coastal drainage (
<geoCoordinate id="74336E39A063C46663AB246EA00F399F" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="34.26424">34.26424°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="06A1FE785C6785BD5A5952D9E905D76D" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-116.87497">116.87497°W</geoCoordinate>
), USNM 860450, spring southwest of Big Bear Ranger Station, southern California coastal drainage (
<geoCoordinate id="20D7C088E13FE4A8D208A52046A28F79" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="34.26281">34.26281°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="41E5AEEAF556D051B0679581A5F68475" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-116.90185">116.90185°W</geoCoordinate>
). NEVADA. Clark County: USNM 883551, Willow Spring, Indian Springs Valley (
<geoCoordinate id="073DC55137685433C0A97321E6B5E1D7" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="36.417">36.41700°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="51FA1E682E00D7A5FB7E02253F093848" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-115.76419">115.76419°W</geoCoordinate>
), USNM 883981, La Madre Spring, Las Vegas Valley (
<geoCoordinate id="8EDF557170E88A731452861483E215AD" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="36.18381">36.18381°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="3606C8B551906B8A00B273935AB1E5B9" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-115.50638">115.50638°W</geoCoordinate>
), USNM 1002785, Harris Spring, Las Vegas Valley (
<geoCoordinate id="D74199C7A76596BA6EEA467899A0681C" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="36.24071">36.24071°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="483A889FA521C69060DD39255B354943" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-115.54351">115.54351°W</geoCoordinate>
). Nye County: USNM 854967, Wood Canyon Spring, Pahrump Valley (
<geoCoordinate id="C9370687DC0B373A6005DA478A6FAAAA" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="36.39924">36.39924°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="35A11DDAD22A5787FFAFBDDAEC57A7C4" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-115.93258">115.93258°W</geoCoordinate>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D7143EB563E8854E65CCB8EEE2174C71" pageId="14" pageNumber="41" type="revised diagnosis">
<paragraph id="91744C1C15FB8D25CB9BA5EE0F9A20CE" pageId="14" pageNumber="41">Revised diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="16BC45AB57F27DE63AD9334E58CFEB8F" pageId="14" pageNumber="41">A medium-sized congener (maximum shell height, 3.7 mm) having an ovate to narrow-conic shell. Differentiated from similar regional species by the combination of its relatively large, narrow shell; elongate penial filament; and small size of the terminal gland on penis.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E465A69818B765A23FBF827B77B6C13A" pageId="14" pageNumber="41" type="description">
<paragraph id="E2C4FA770D51E6F9BD5310C0E2F3A578" pageId="14" pageNumber="41">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="58B8DD4C898DB3A6E558B721744FF80C" pageId="14" pageNumber="41">
Shell (Fig. 9
<normalizedToken id="C4B5D43D4BA150D33D84745036E424F3" originalValue="AD">A-D</normalizedToken>
) ovate to narrow conic, rarely broadly conic, whorls 4.25-5.25. Teleoconch whorls strongly convex, shouldered. Aperture ovate, parietal lip complete, usually slightly disjunct, last 0.25 whorl sometimes loosened behind body whorl, umbilicus narrow. Outer lip thin, prosocline.
</paragraph>
<caption id="751C6A76159B0F2848719F90F6AF5869" pageId="14" pageNumber="41">
<paragraph id="42DB7768E59D867973712C756084CCD3" pageId="14" pageNumber="41">
Figure 9. Shells, opercula and radula,
<taxonomicName id="1CC2373E983249E1CEEF0F85BFA23A17" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Pyrgulopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pyrgulopsis turbatrix" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="14" pageNumber="41" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="turbatrix">Pyrgulopsis turbatrix</taxonomicName>
. A Paratype, USNM 860699.
<normalizedToken id="6ACCBDE780F4D537C46C5A2917FC51D8" originalValue="BD">B-D</normalizedToken>
Shells, SBMNH uncat., USNM 853508, USNM 853510 E, F Opercula (outer, inner sides), USNM 860699 G Portion of radular ribbon, USNM 860699 H Central teeth, USNM 860699 I Lateral and outer marginal teeth, USNM 860699. Scale bars
<normalizedToken id="64681D9465B77A994C76A4C14EF42C18" originalValue="AD">A-D</normalizedToken>
1.0 mm; E, F 250
<normalizedToken id="3CC6DF1108A0B1B9918ABF407771B31C" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
; G 20
<normalizedToken id="A792F3CF6E7987F5166DA7A275895E40" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
; H, I 10
<normalizedToken id="CD7D3C77338D640988CFCA03344B5346" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="F60A2421E0E9D5D0B5FD0CF41B9A78D5" pageId="14" pageNumber="41">
Operculum (Fig. 9
<normalizedToken id="21D2EDD78431537CF7162163881C2229" originalValue="EF">E-F</normalizedToken>
) as for genus; edges of last 0.5 whorl frilled on outer side; muscle attachment margins slightly thickened on inner side. Radula (Fig. 9
<normalizedToken id="05BF5CB08A3ED828566145B6B0936F93" originalValue="GI">G-I</normalizedToken>
) as for genus; dorsal edge of central teeth moderately to highly concave, lateral cusps
<normalizedToken id="0E518D51748762D2CDC1644C3EC35ADE" originalValue="threeseven">three-seven</normalizedToken>
, basal cusps
<normalizedToken id="022324067D3CE7DC7BA25F8E64FBACAC" originalValue="onetwo">one-two</normalizedToken>
. Lateral teeth having
<normalizedToken id="E3C2936094423B01AA669307F4F71B15" originalValue="twosix">two-six</normalizedToken>
cusps on inner sides and
<normalizedToken id="9DC9A54C92831F2FA93CF8CC91893065" originalValue="threesix">three-six</normalizedToken>
cusps on outer sides. Inner marginal teeth with 14-31 cusps, outer marginal teeth with 15-33 cusps. Radula data are from USNM 857968, USNM 860450, USNM 860699, USNM 883373.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0C884B7D03B2D7DCF91C27F7D3829565" pageId="14" pageNumber="41">
Penis (Fig. 4
<normalizedToken id="A2A62E67BCFE65DD58DAF0FFF6AFF9A0" originalValue="IL">I-L</normalizedToken>
) medium-sized; filament long, narrow, tapering, oblique; lobe medium-sized, tapering, slightly oblique; ventral surface of lobe having a small (terminal) gland (199/200 specimens) and rarely one or two additional glandular dots (3 specimens), dorsal surface sometimes having a small (penial) gland at base of filament (24/200 specimens) and rarely having an additional glandular dot (one specimen). Penial data are from USNM 854967, USNM 857969, USNM 860450, USNM 860699, USNM 883373, USNM 883981, USNM 1002785.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D99F5A10463F7CC54264359B3C280744" pageId="14" pageNumber="41" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="56DE04CCBC5994960FDD12ED83CDED22" pageId="14" pageNumber="41">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EB56AB89142839D5390EFB7F203E9A79" pageId="14" pageNumber="41">
Spring Mountains region (Frenchman Flat; Indian Springs, Las Vegas, Pahrump Valleys [
<taxonomicName id="96A0528F4772E8C934BEBD344C7003C0" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Pyrgulopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pyrgulopsis turbatrix" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="14" pageNumber="41" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="turbatrix">Pyrgulopsis turbatrix</taxonomicName>
]), San Bernardino Mountains (Mojave, Southern California Coastal drainages [M19, M20, M21]), central Death Valley region (Amargosa River drainage, Panamint and Saline Valleys [M9-M22, M24, M27, M28]). The populations from the latter two areas were previously assigned to
<taxonomicName id="2E9B4FF356CD33D693EBC66C5A8ED62E" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Pyrgulopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pyrgulopsis micrococcus" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="14" pageNumber="41" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="micrococcus">Pyrgulopsis micrococcus</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C4DC49CA73BF81E866F64B7ADF724811" pageId="14" pageNumber="41" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="88D262293EE183F581FF007AFC9CEEBA" pageId="14" pageNumber="41">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BB9EAE01FEE34E95D578246A4D9B26FE" pageId="14" pageNumber="41">
The penial gland was not observed in&gt;25% of the males in any of the seven samples that we studied and consequently has been removed from the diagnosis. The three geographically separated subunits of
<taxonomicName id="8AA153CCF59144AB4FEBDAA93DE3DD48" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Pyrgulopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pyrgulopsis turbatrix" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="14" pageNumber="41" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="turbatrix">Pyrgulopsis turbatrix</taxonomicName>
are somewhat diverged genetically-e.g., mean sequence divergence is 0.9+/-0.2% (ranging from 1.1-1.5%) for COI and 0.9+/-0.2% (ranging from 1.1-1.3%) for NDI, but we have not found any consistent morphological differences among them.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>