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<document id="8CAAF0B114C0A9B2C6381A1D8812E13E" ID-CLB-Dataset="6754" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.4648451" ID-GBIF-Dataset="70db1eca-74c8-4901-823a-79cfd01d993f" ID-ISSN="1536-9307" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4648451" ID-ZooBank="BF89F25E-D5F8-4519-A0E4-6DF2D12CCFE8" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1617135433681" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Kovařík, František &amp; Lowe, Graeme" docDate="2020" docId="E46A87C8FFE3FFCAFC1C205AFF74FC27" docLanguage="en" docName="Euscorpius.309.1-19.pdf" docOrigin="Euscorpius 309" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5E96F6379CE20B0E8E4F9E7DF8E1C0DF.2:Euscorpius.2020-.journal_article" docStyleId="5E96F6379CE20B0E8E4F9E7DF8E1C0DF" docStyleName="Euscorpius.2020-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Leiurus gubanensis Kovařík &amp; Lowe 2020, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="F51B7B54-8E65-41A8-9C56-27833924FB5C" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="17" masterDocId="1853FFB0FFE7FFD9FFC12425FFDAFFC4" masterDocTitle="Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida: Scorpiones). Part XXIV. Leiurus (Buthidae), with description of Leiurus gubanensis sp. n." masterLastPageNumber="19" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="3" updateTime="1698935465433" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="C841EC2AF5B553EDFD5901F37D584505">Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida: Scorpiones). Part XXIV. Leiurus (Buthidae), with description of Leiurus gubanensis sp. n.</mods:title>
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<figureCitation id="F4F82A5BFFE3FFDDFBC52084FB49FB7D" box="[1028,1171,1185,1209]" captionStart-0="Figures 1–4" captionStart-1="Figures 5–10" captionStart-10="Figures 86–87" captionStart-11="Figures 88–89" captionStart-12="Figures 90–91" captionStart-2="Figures 11–20" captionStart-3="Figures 21–32" captionStart-4="Figures 33–56" captionStart-5="Figures 57–69" captionStart-6="Figures 70–79" captionStart-7="Figures 80–81" captionStart-8="Figures 82–83" captionStart-9="Figures 84–85" captionStartId-0="3.[116,193,1981,2003]" captionStartId-1="5.[115,192,1981,2003]" captionStartId-10="16.[116,193,2015,2037]" captionStartId-11="17.[118,195,1986,2008]" captionStartId-12="18.[113,190,847,869]" captionStartId-2="6.[113,190,1956,1978]" captionStartId-3="7.[116,193,1964,1986]" captionStartId-4="8.[115,192,1897,1919]" captionStartId-5="9.[113,190,1931,1953]" captionStartId-6="11.[115,190,1958,1980]" captionStartId-7="12.[116,191,1989,2011]" captionStartId-8="13.[114,189,1989,2011]" captionStartId-9="15.[113,190,2013,2035]" captionTargetBox-0="[126,1465,261,1954]" captionTargetBox-1="[116,1465,244,1956]" captionTargetBox-10="[115,1472,232,1997]" captionTargetBox-11="[113,1474,232,1969]" captionTargetBox-12="[131,1466,247,795]" captionTargetBox-2="[119,1470,258,1931]" captionTargetBox-3="[113,1474,234,1945]" captionTargetBox-4="[115,1468,236,1874]" captionTargetBox-5="[122,1471,244,1886]" captionTargetBox-6="[115,1476,236,1944]" captionTargetBox-7="[113,1474,234,1982]" captionTargetBox-8="[113,1474,234,1851]" captionTargetBox-9="[114,1475,234,1995]" captionTargetId-0="figure-50@3.[113,1474,234,1958]" captionTargetId-1="figure-63@5.[116,1477,234,1960]" captionTargetId-10="figure-37@16.[115,1474,229,1997]" captionTargetId-11="figure-45@17.[113,1474,229,1969]" captionTargetId-12="figure-131@18.[113,1474,234,812]" captionTargetId-2="figure-94@6.[113,1474,234,1936]" captionTargetId-3="figure-77@7.[113,1474,234,1957]" captionTargetId-4="figure-128@8.[115,1476,236,1875]" captionTargetId-5="figure-90@9.[113,1474,234,1895]" captionTargetId-6="figure-88@11.[115,1476,233,1948]" captionTargetId-7="figure-15@12.[113,1474,234,1982]" captionTargetId-8="figure-9@13.[113,1474,234,1851]" captionTargetId-9="figure-30@15.[114,1475,234,1998]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-10="16" captionTargetPageId-11="17" captionTargetPageId-12="18" captionTargetPageId-2="6" captionTargetPageId-3="7" captionTargetPageId-4="8" captionTargetPageId-5="9" captionTargetPageId-6="11" captionTargetPageId-7="12" captionTargetPageId-8="13" captionTargetPageId-9="15" captionText-0="Figures 1–4: Leiurus gubanensis sp. n., 18SF.Figures 1–2. Male holotype in dorsal (1) andventral (2) views.Figures 3–4. Female paratopotype in dorsal (3) and ventral (4) views. Scale bar: 10 mm." captionText-1="Figures 5–10: Leiurus gubanensis sp. n., male subadult paratype, 11SG. Figures 5–6. Dorsal (5) and ventral (6) views. Figures 7–10. Telson and metasoma V lateral (7), and metasoma and telson lateral (8), dorsal (9), and ventral (10) views. Scale bars: 10 mm (5–6, 8–10)." captionText-10="Figures 86–87: Leiurus gubanensis sp. n., 11SG, male subadult paratype (86) in vivo habitus and its locality (87)." captionText-11="Figures 88–89: Figure 88. Distribution of Leiurus gubanensis sp. n., L. quinquestriatus and L. somalicus in the region. Figure 89. Type locality (18SF) of L. gubanensis sp. n." captionText-12="Figures 90–91: Scaling of relative size of median ocular tubercle with relative size of median eyes in the genus Leiurus. Ordinates of scatter plots are the ratio median ocular tubercle width/ carapace L, and abscissas are the ratio median eye diameter/ carapace L, in males (90) and females (91). Plotted symbols represent measurements from a single sample of each species, extracted or estimated from published images and data, or from our own material. Lines are least squares regression fits, and the corresponding correlation coeeficients R, and P-values are indicated. In both sexes, L. gubanensis sp. n. is well separated from other species in having the largest eyes in the genus." captionText-2="Figures 11–20: Leiurus gubanensis sp. n., 18SF. Figures 12–13, 15–17. Male holotype, metasoma V and telson ventral (12) and lateral (13), and metasoma and telson lateral (15), dorsal (16), and ventral (17) views. Figures 11, 14, 18–20. Female paratopotype, metasoma V and telson ventral (11) and lateral (14), and metasoma and telson lateral (18), dorsal (19), and ventral (20) views. Scale bars: 10 mm (15–17, 18–20)." captionText-3="Figures 21–32: Leiurus gubanensis sp. n., 18SF. Figures 21, 23, 25–28. Male holotype, carapace and tergites I–III (21), coxosternal area and sternites (23), left legs I–IV, retrolateral aspect (25–28 respectively). Figures 22, 24, 29–32. Female paratopotype, carapace and tergites I–III (22), coxosternal area and sternites (24), left legs I–IV, retrolateral aspect (29–32 respectively)." captionText-4="Figures 33–56: Leiurus gubanensis sp. n., 11SG. Figures 33–45, 54. Male subadult paratype, carapace and tergites I–IV (33), coxosternal area and sternites (34), left legs I–IV, retrolateral aspect (35–38 respectively), chela dorsal (39), external (40) and ventral (41) views, patella dorsal (42), external (43) and ventral (44) views, trochanter and femur dorsal (45), and movable finger dentition (54). Figures 46–53, 55–56. Female adult paratype, chela dorsal (46), external (47) and ventral (48) views, patella dorsal (49), external (50) and ventral (51) views, trochanter and femur dorsal (52) and ventral (53) views, and movable (55) and fixed (56) finger dentition." captionText-5="Figures 57–69: Leiurus gubanensis sp. n., 18SF. Figures 57–58. Female paratopotype, chela dorsal (57) and external (58) views. Figures 59– 69. Male holotype, chela dorsal (59), external (60) and ventral (61) views, patella dorsal (62), external (63) and ventral (64) views, trochanter and femur internal (65), dorsaloexternal (66) and ventral (67) views, and right chelicera in dorsal (68) and ventral (69) views. Trichobothrial pattern is indicated by white circles (59–63, 65–66)." captionText-6="Figures 70–79: Leiurus gubanensis sp. n., comparison of key characters of male subadult paratype from 11SG (70, 72, 74, 76, 78) and female paratopotype from 18SF (71, 73, 75, 77, 79). Figures 70–73. Tergites I–III under white light (70–71) and UV fluorescence (72–73). Figures 74– 75. Sternite III under UV fluorescence.Figures 76–79. Metasoma V and telson ventral under UV fluorescence (76–77) and white light (78–79)." captionText-7="Figures 80–81: Leiurus gubanensis sp. n., 18SF, male holotype, carapace and tergites (80) and coxosternal area and sternites (81) under UV fluorescence." captionText-8="Figures 82–83: Leiurus gubanensis sp. n., 18SF, female paratopotype, carapace and tergites (82) and coxosternal area and sternites (83) under UV fluorescence." captionText-9="Figures 84–85: Leiurus gubanensis sp. n., 18SF, male holotype (84) and female paratopotype (85) in vivo habitus." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648453" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648455" figureDoi-10="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648474" figureDoi-11="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648476" figureDoi-12="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648478" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648457" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648459" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648461" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648464" figureDoi-6="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648466" figureDoi-7="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648468" figureDoi-8="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648470" figureDoi-9="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648472" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4648453/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4648455/files/figure.png" httpUri-10="https://zenodo.org/record/4648474/files/figure.png" httpUri-11="https://zenodo.org/record/4648476/files/figure.png" httpUri-12="https://zenodo.org/record/4648478/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/4648457/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/4648459/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/4648461/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/4648464/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/4648466/files/figure.png" httpUri-7="https://zenodo.org/record/4648468/files/figure.png" httpUri-8="https://zenodo.org/record/4648470/files/figure.png" httpUri-9="https://zenodo.org/record/4648472/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Figures 1–91</figureCitation>
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, 
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<quantity id="AB3B9B3BFFE3FFDDFB2F2184FAF7FA7D" box="[1262,1325,1441,1465]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
S of Maid
</locationDeviation>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="09F75019FFE3FFDDFCF121E4FC74FA1D" box="[816,942,1473,1497]" degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="59" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" precision="15" seconds="46" value="10.996111">10°59'46&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="09F75019FFE3FFDDFC7621E4FBEEFA1D" box="[951,1076,1473,1497]" degrees="47" direction="east" minutes="08" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" precision="15" seconds="14" value="47.137222">47°08'14&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<elevation id="E7EED1EDFFE3FFDDFB8321E4FB0EFA1D" box="[1090,1236,1473,1497]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8199999999999998" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" unit="m" value="182.0">
<quantity id="AB3B9B3BFFE3FFDDFB8321E4FB52FA1D" box="[1090,1160,1473,1497]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8199999999999998" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" unit="m" value="182.0">182 m</quantity>
a. s. l.
</elevation>
(
<collectorName id="C1365308FFE3FFDDFB2421E4FAAAFA1D" box="[1253,1392,1473,1497]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Locality No.</collectorName>
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE3FFDDFAB821E4FA69FA1D" bold="true" box="[1401,1459,1473,1497]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">18SF</emphasis>
), 
<date id="187D101EFFE3FFDDFCF121C4FC64FA3D" box="[816,958,1505,1529]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" value="2018-08-25">
<collectingDate id="0839E9F6FFE3FFDDFCF121C4FC64FA3D" box="[816,958,1505,1529]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" value="2018-08-25">25.VIII.2018</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<specimenCount id="7AC5FD57FFE3FFDDFC1321C4FC2EFA3D" box="[978,1012,1505,1529]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
(
<typeStatus id="B378887CFFE3FFDDFBCA21C4FBB6FA3D" box="[1035,1132,1505,1529]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
)
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="DCAB3C83FFE3FFDDFB4221C4FB93F9FD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3113736306" collectingDate="2011-07-10" collectingDateMax="2018-08-25" collectingDateMin="2011-07-10" collectionCode="TYPE, MATERIAL, FKCP" collectorName="F. Kovarik" elevation="182" latitude="10.266944" location="Somaliland" longLatPrecision="15" longitude="45.105915" municipality="Maid" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" specimenCount="8" specimenCount-female="4" specimenCount-male="2" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="7AC5FD57FFE3FFDDFB4221C4FB46FA3D" box="[1155,1180,1505,1529]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="7AC5FD57FFE3FFDDFB5D21C4FB03FA3D" box="[1180,1241,1505,1529]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" type="generic">1juv.</specimenCount>
(
<typeStatus id="B378887CFFE3FFDDFB3121C4FA86FA3D" box="[1264,1372,1505,1529]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
), leg. 
<collectorName id="C1365308FFE3FFDDFA6E21C7FC51F9DD" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">F. Kovařík</collectorName>
; 
<collectingMunicipality id="8C18ACA4FFE3FFDDFC542224FC0AF9DD" box="[917,976,1537,1561]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Maid</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="09F75019FFE3FFDDFC182224FB8CF9DD" box="[985,1110,1537,1561]" degrees="11" direction="north" minutes="00" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" precision="15" seconds="03" value="11.0008335">11°00'03&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="09F75019FFE3FFDDFB9D2224FB03F9DD" box="[1116,1241,1537,1561]" degrees="47" direction="east" minutes="06" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" precision="15" seconds="30" value="47.108334">47°06'30&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<elevation id="E7EED1EDFFE3FFDDFB222224FA80F9DD" box="[1251,1370,1537,1561]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" unit="m" value="52.0">
<quantity id="AB3B9B3BFFE3FFDDFB222224FAC2F9DD" box="[1251,1304,1537,1561]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" unit="m" value="52.0">52 m</quantity>
a. s. l.
</elevation>
(
<collectorName id="C1365308FFE3FFDDFAA62224FC82F9FD" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Locality No.</collectorName>
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE3FFDDFCA22204FC45F9FD" bold="true" box="[867,927,1569,1593]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">17SN</emphasis>
), 
<date id="187D101EFFE3FFDDFC7B2204FB9FF9FD" box="[954,1093,1569,1593]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" value="2017-09-03" valueMax="2017-09-04" valueMin="2017-09-03">
<collectingDate id="0839E9F6FFE3FFDDFC7B2204FB9FF9FD" box="[954,1093,1569,1593]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" value="2017-09-03" valueMax="2017-09-04" valueMin="2017-09-03">3.-4.IX.2017</collectingDate>
</date>
,
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="DCAB3C83FFE3FFDDFB952204FBA3F9BD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3113736302" collectingDate="2011-07-10" collectingDateMax="2018-08-25" collectingDateMin="2011-07-10" collectionCode="TYPE, MATERIAL, FKCP" collectorName=" F. Kovarik " elevation="182" latitude="10.266944" location="Somaliland" longLatPrecision="15" longitude="45.105915" municipality="Maid" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" specimenCount="8" specimenCount-female="4" specimenCount-male="2" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="7AC5FD57FFE3FFDDFB952204FB53F9FD" box="[1108,1161,1569,1593]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" type="generic">1juv.</specimenCount>
(
<typeStatus id="B378887CFFE3FFDDFB5A2204FB26F9FD" box="[1179,1276,1569,1593]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
), leg. 
<collectorName id="C1365308FFE3FFDDFA842207FA64F9FD" box="[1349,1470,1569,1593]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">F. Kovařík</collectorName>
; near Berbera, 
<geoCoordinate id="09F75019FFE3FFDDFC1A2264FB83F99D" box="[987,1113,1601,1625]" degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="16" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" precision="15" seconds="01" value="10.266944">10°16'01&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="09F75019FFE3FFDDFBAB2264FB21F99D" box="[1130,1275,1601,1625]" degrees="45" direction="east" minutes="06" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" precision="1" seconds="21.3" value="45.105915">45°06'21.3&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<elevation id="E7EED1EDFFE3FFDDFAD12264FA18F99D" box="[1296,1474,1601,1625]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.67" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" unit="m" value="367.0">
<quantity id="AB3B9B3BFFE3FFDDFAD12264FA84F99D" box="[1296,1374,1601,1625]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.67" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" unit="m" value="367.0">367 m</quantity>
a. s. l.
</elevation>
(
<collectorName id="C1365308FFE3FFDDFCF92244FC49F9BD" box="[824,915,1633,1657]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Locality</collectorName>
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE3FFDDFC5A2244FC02F9BD" bold="true" box="[923,984,1633,1657]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">11SG</emphasis>
), 
<date id="187D101EFFE3FFDDFC302244FBAFF9BD" box="[1009,1141,1633,1657]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" value="2011-07-10">
<collectingDate id="0839E9F6FFE3FFDDFC302244FBAFF9BD" box="[1009,1141,1633,1657]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" value="2011-07-10">10.VII.2011</collectingDate>
</date>
,
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="DCAB3C83FFE3FFDDFB422244FA53F95D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3113736307" collectingDate="2011-07-10" collectingDateMax="2018-08-25" collectingDateMin="2011-07-10" collectionCode="TYPE, MATERIAL, FKCP" collectorName="F. Kovarik &amp; T. Mazuch" elevation="182" latitude="10.266944" location="Somaliland" longLatPrecision="15" longitude="45.105915" municipality="Maid" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" specimenCount="8" specimenCount-female="4" specimenCount-male="2" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="7AC5FD57FFE3FFDDFB422244FB44F9BD" box="[1155,1182,1633,1657]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
juv. 
<specimenCount id="7AC5FD57FFE3FFDDFB092244FB39F9BD" box="[1224,1251,1633,1657]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
juvs.(
<typeStatus id="B378887CFFE3FFDDFADE2244FA55F9BD" box="[1311,1423,1633,1657]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
) 
<specimenCount id="7AC5FD57FFE3FFDDFA602244FA18F9BD" box="[1441,1474,1633,1657]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
(
<typeStatus id="B378887CFFE3FFDDFCF922A4FC42F95D" box="[824,920,1665,1689]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
, pedipalps only), leg. 
<collectorName id="C1365308FFE3FFDDFB4222A7FB2EF95D" box="[1155,1268,1665,1689]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">F. Kovařík</collectorName>
et 
<collectionCode id="0AD2AE1BFFE3FFDDFAD522A7FAFCF95D" box="[1300,1318,1666,1689]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">T</collectionCode>
. Mazuch
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="24D96555FFE3FFDDFCF122E4FB16F8FD" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="6C7C36DEFFE3FFDDFCF122E4FB16F8FD" blockId="4.[816,1474,1729,1849]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
ETYMOLOGY. Named after the Guban area (“guban” in Somali language means “burnt land”), a zone of hot, arid land along the sea between 
<collectingCountry id="14D4764EFFE3FFDDFC232324FBE1F8DD" box="[994,1083,1793,1817]" name="Djibouti" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Djibouti</collectingCountry>
and Puntland (
<collectingCountry id="14D4764EFFE3FFDDFB1E2324FAE6F8DD" box="[1247,1340,1793,1817]" name="Somalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Somalia</collectingCountry>
). Both Maid and Berbera belong to the Guban area.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="24D96555FFE3FFD3FCF12344FEE4FC66" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="6C7C36DEFFE3FFD3FCF12344FEE4FC66" blockId="4.[816,1474,1889,2041]" lastBlockId="10.[113,772,235,931]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
DIAGNOSIS. Total length is 
<quantity id="AB3B9B3BFFE3FFDDFB952344FB7AF8BD" box="[1108,1184,1889,1913]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.1" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="71.0">71 mm</quantity>
(male) – 
<quantity id="AB3B9B3BFFE3FFDDFACD2344FA82F8BD" box="[1292,1368,1889,1913]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="92.0">92 mm</quantity>
(female), carapace length is 8.0– 
<quantity id="AB3B9B3BFFE3FFDDFBF223A4FB43F85D" box="[1075,1177,1921,1945]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.04" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="10.4">10.4 mm</quantity>
. The base color is yellow, including legs, pedipalps, metasoma I–IV and telson. The carapace, tergites and metasoma V have dark pigment, and the chelicerae are pale yellow without reticulation. The anterior median carinae of the carapace do not extend to the anterior marginal granule row, and the area between the anterior median carinae bears sparse, fine granules. 
<location id="691C6005FFEDFFD3FD84250EFD78FE86" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E46A87C8FFE3FFCAFC1C205AFF74FC27:691C6005FFEDFFD3FD84250EFD78FE86" box="[581,674,299,323]" longitude="-2.59" name="The area" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">The area</location>
between posterior median carinae is depressed with a shallow furrow. The median ocular tubercle is very large, its width measured between outer margins of median eyes is over 0.35 times the midline carapace length. 
<collectorName id="C1365308FFEDFFD3FE4F258EFDDAFE06" box="[398,512,427,451]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Tergites II</collectorName>
–III bear dense, coarse to fine granulation on the medial intercarinal surfaces. The metasoma is slender, with morphometric ratios: segment II L/ 
<geoCoordinate id="09F75019FFEDFFD3FF48262EFF01FDE7" box="[137,219,523,547]" degrees="1.79" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" precision="555" value="-1.79">W 1.79</geoCoordinate>
–1.88, III L/ 
<geoCoordinate id="09F75019FFEDFFD3FEA2262EFE6EFDE7" box="[355,436,523,547]" degrees="1.97" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" precision="555" value="-1.97">W 1.97</geoCoordinate>
–2.13, and IV L/ 
<geoCoordinate id="09F75019FFEDFFD3FDAE262EFD18FDE6" box="[623,706,522,547]" degrees="2.59" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" precision="555" value="-2.59">W 2.59</geoCoordinate>
–2.64. The ventromedian carinae of metasoma II and III bear 23– 26 denticles. The pedipalps are slender, with morphometric ratios: chela L/W 
<specimenCount id="7AC5FD57FFEDFFD3FEEE264EFE99FD46" box="[303,323,619,642]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
8.52, 
<specimenCount id="7AC5FD57FFEDFFD3FE44264EFE43FD46" box="[389,409,619,642]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
7.21, patella L/W 
<specimenCount id="7AC5FD57FFEDFFD3FD9F264EFDA8FD46" box="[606,626,619,642]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
4.06, 
<specimenCount id="7AC5FD57FFEDFFD3FD75264EFD12FD46" box="[692,712,619,642]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
3.65. The movable and fixed fingers of the pedipalps bear 13 rows of granules (including proximal row), the movable finger has 15 outer and inner denticles, and the fixed finger 15 outer and 14 inner denticles. Fixed finger trichobothrium 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFEDFFD3FDAB26CEFD5FFCC7" box="[618,645,747,771]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">db</emphasis>
is proximal to 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFEDFFD3FF51272EFF74FCE6" box="[144,174,779,802]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">est</emphasis>
. Pectinal teeth number 
<quantity id="AB3B9B3BFFEDFFD3FE74272FFDCCFCE7" box="[437,534,778,803]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.398" metricValueMax="9.906" metricValueMin="8.89" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" unit="in" value="37.0" valueMax="39.0" valueMin="35.0">35–39 in</quantity>
the males and 
<quantity id="AB3B9B3BFFEDFFD3FD01272EFF5CFC87" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" metricValueMax="8.128" metricValueMin="7.112" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" unit="in" value="30.0" valueMax="32.0" valueMin="28.0">28–32 in</quantity>
the females. The ratio of mid-pectine sensillar margin L/ metasoma I W is: 
<specimenCount id="7AC5FD57FFEDFFD3FEF4276EFE93FCA6" box="[309,329,843,866]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
0.205, 
<specimenCount id="7AC5FD57FFEDFFD3FE5B276EFE74FCA6" box="[410,430,843,866]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
0.132. The legs are slender, leg III patella L/D 
<quantity id="AB3B9B3BFFEDFFD3FEDE274EFEB6FC47" box="[287,364,875,899]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.04394" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" unit="in" value="4.11">4.11 in</quantity>
female. Leg III basitarsus has 5–10 retrosuperior setae.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="38BC6656FFE2FFDCFFB22398FABAF834" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648455" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4648455" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4648455/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" startId="5.[115,192,1981,2003]" targetBox="[116,1465,244,1956]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="6C7C36DEFFE2FFDCFFB22398FABAF834" blockId="5.[115,1473,1981,2032]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE2FFDCFFB22398FF2FF816" bold="true" box="[115,245,1981,2003]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Figures 5–10</emphasis>
: 
<taxonomicName id="ABC34D5DFFE2FFDCFEC32398FE67F816" authority="Kovařík &amp; Lowe, 2020" authorityName="Kovařík &amp; Lowe" authorityYear="2020" box="[258,445,1981,2002]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Leiurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gubanensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE2FFDCFEC32398FE67F816" box="[258,445,1981,2002]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Leiurus gubanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="458457B7FFE2FFDCFE022398FE22F816" box="[451,504,1981,2002]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" rank="species">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE2FFDCFE022398FE00F816" bold="true" box="[451,474,1981,2002]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">sp</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE2FFDCFE272398FE29F816" bold="true" box="[486,499,1981,2002]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">n</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, male subadult paratype, 11SG. 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE2FFDCFCF02398FC72F816" bold="true" box="[817,936,1981,2003]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Figures 5–6</emphasis>
. Dorsal (5) and ventral (6) views. 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE2FFDCFB322398FAACF816" bold="true" box="[1267,1398,1981,2003]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Figures 7–10</emphasis>
. Telson and metasoma V lateral (7), and metasoma and telson lateral (8), dorsal (9), and ventral (10) views. Scale bars: 10 mm (5–6, 8–10).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="38BC6656FFE1FFDFFFB02381FA44F830" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648457" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4648457" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4648457/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" startId="6.[113,190,1956,1978]" targetBox="[119,1470,258,1931]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="6C7C36DEFFE1FFDFFFB02381FA44F830" blockId="6.[113,1471,1956,2036]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE1FFDFFFB02381FF25F87D" bold="true" box="[113,255,1956,1978]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Figures 11–20</emphasis>
: 
<taxonomicName id="ABC34D5DFFE1FFDFFECD2380FE12F87D" authority="Kovařík &amp; Lowe, 2020" authorityName="Kovařík &amp; Lowe" authorityYear="2020" box="[268,456,1956,1978]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Leiurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gubanensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE1FFDFFECD2380FE12F87D" box="[268,456,1956,1978]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Leiurus gubanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="458457B7FFE1FFDFFE0F2381FDD9F87E" box="[462,515,1956,1978]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" rank="species">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE1FFDFFE0F2381FE3FF87D" bold="true" box="[462,485,1956,1977]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">sp</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE1FFDFFE302381FE24F87D" bold="true" box="[497,510,1956,1977]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">n</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, 18SF. 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE1FFDFFD8C2381FD06F87D" bold="true" box="[589,732,1956,1978]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Figures 12–13</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE1FFDFFD282381FCFFF87D" bold="true" box="[745,805,1956,1978]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">15–17</emphasis>
. Male holotype, metasoma V and telson ventral (12) and lateral (13), and metasoma and telson lateral (15), dorsal (16), and ventral (17) views. 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE1FFDFFCEE23E4FC42F812" bold="true" box="[815,920,1985,2007]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Figures 11</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE1FFDFFC6223E4FC61F812" bold="true" box="[931,955,1985,2006]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">14</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE1FFDFFC0723E4FBD8F812" bold="true" box="[966,1026,1985,2006]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">18–20</emphasis>
. Female paratopotype, metasoma V and telson ventral (11) and lateral (14), and metasoma and telson lateral (18), dorsal (19), and ventral (20) views. Scale bars: 10 mm (15–17, 18–20).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="38BC6656FFE0FFDEFFB52389FBDEF83F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648459" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4648459" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4648459/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" startId="7.[116,193,1964,1986]" targetBox="[113,1474,234,1945]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="6C7C36DEFFE0FFDEFFB52389FBDEF83F" blockId="7.[116,1474,1964,2044]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE0FFDEFFB52389FED9F805" bold="true" box="[116,259,1964,1986]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Figures 21–32</emphasis>
: 
<taxonomicName id="ABC34D5DFFE0FFDEFECE2389FE11F805" authority="Kovařík &amp; Lowe, 2020" authorityName="Kovařík &amp; Lowe" authorityYear="2020" box="[271,459,1964,1985]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Leiurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gubanensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE0FFDEFECE2389FE11F805" box="[271,459,1964,1985]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Leiurus gubanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="458457B7FFE0FFDEFE112389FDDFF805" box="[464,517,1964,1985]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" rank="species">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE0FFDEFE112389FE3DF805" bold="true" box="[464,487,1964,1985]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">sp</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE0FFDEFE322389FDDAF805" bold="true" box="[499,512,1964,1985]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">n</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, 18SF. 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE0FFDEFD8E2389FD60F805" bold="true" box="[591,698,1964,1986]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Figures 21</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE0FFDEFD072389FD04F805" bold="true" box="[710,734,1964,1985]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">23</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE0FFDEFD2B2389FCFCF805" bold="true" box="[746,806,1964,1985]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">25–28</emphasis>
. Male holotype, carapace and tergites I–III (21), coxosternal area and sternites (23), left legs I–IV, retrolateral aspect (25–28 respectively). 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE0FFDEFCCD23EDFCADF819" bold="true" box="[780,887,1992,2014]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Figures 22</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE0FFDEFC4523EDFC46F819" bold="true" box="[900,924,1992,2013]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">24</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE0FFDEFC6923EDFC3EF819" bold="true" box="[936,996,1992,2014]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">29–32</emphasis>
. Female paratopotype, carapace and tergites I–III (22), coxosternal area and sternites (24), left legs I–IV, retrolateral aspect (29–32 respectively).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="38BC6656FFEFFFD1FFB2234CFC00F837" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648461" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4648461" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4648461/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" startId="8.[115,192,1897,1919]" targetBox="[115,1468,236,1874]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="6C7C36DEFFEFFFD1FFB2234CFC00F837" blockId="8.[115,1473,1897,2035]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFEFFFD1FFB2234CFEDBF8BA" bold="true" box="[115,257,1897,1919]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Figures 33–56</emphasis>
: 
<taxonomicName id="ABC34D5DFFEFFFD1FECD234FFE1DF8BB" authority="Kovařík &amp; Lowe, 2020" authorityName="Kovařík &amp; Lowe" authorityYear="2020" box="[268,455,1898,1919]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Leiurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gubanensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFEFFFD1FECD234FFE1DF8BB" box="[268,455,1898,1919]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Leiurus gubanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="458457B7FFEFFFD1FE0D234FFDDAF8BB" box="[460,512,1898,1919]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" rank="species">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFEFFFD1FE0D234FFE39F8BB" bold="true" box="[460,483,1898,1919]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">sp</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFEFFFD1FE2F234FFE21F8BB" bold="true" box="[494,507,1898,1919]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">n</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, 11SG. 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFEFFFD1FD8C234CFD01F8BA" bold="true" box="[589,731,1897,1919]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Figures 33–45</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFEFFFD1FD27234CFD24F8BA" bold="true" box="[742,766,1897,1918]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">54</emphasis>
. Male subadult paratype, carapace and tergites I–IV (33), coxosternal area and sternites (34), left legs I–IV, retrolateral aspect (35–38 respectively), chela dorsal (39), external (40) and ventral (41) views, patella dorsal (42), external (43) and ventral (44) views, trochanter and femur dorsal (45), and movable finger dentition (54). 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFEFFFD1FB592386FAFDF87C" bold="true" box="[1176,1319,1955,1977]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Figures 46–53</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFEFFFD1FAF32386FAB4F87C" bold="true" box="[1330,1390,1955,1977]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">55–56</emphasis>
. Female adult paratype, chela dorsal (46), external (47) and ventral (48) views, patella dorsal (49), external (50) and ventral (51) views, trochanter and femur dorsal (52) and ventral (53) views, and movable (55) and fixed (56) finger dentition.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="38BC6656FFEEFFD0FFB023AEFDBDF833" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648464" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4648464" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4648464/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" startId="9.[113,190,1931,1953]" targetBox="[122,1471,244,1886]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="6C7C36DEFFEEFFD0FFB023AEFDBDF833" blockId="9.[113,1472,1931,2039]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFEEFFD0FFB023AEFEDAF864" bold="true" box="[113,256,1931,1953]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Figures 57–69</emphasis>
: 
<taxonomicName id="ABC34D5DFFEEFFD0FECD23A9FE1DF864" authority="Kovařík &amp; Lowe, 2020" authorityName="Kovařík &amp; Lowe" authorityYear="2020" box="[268,455,1931,1953]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Leiurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gubanensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFEEFFD0FECD23A9FE1DF864" box="[268,455,1931,1953]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Leiurus gubanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="458457B7FFEEFFD0FE0D23AEFDDBF864" box="[460,513,1931,1952]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" rank="species">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFEEFFD0FE0D23AEFE39F864" bold="true" box="[460,483,1931,1952]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">sp</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFEEFFD0FE2F23AEFE21F864" bold="true" box="[494,507,1931,1952]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">n</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, 18SF. 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFEEFFD0FD8823AEFD02F864" bold="true" box="[585,728,1931,1953]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Figures 57–58</emphasis>
. Female paratopotype, chela dorsal (57) and external (58) views. 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFEEFFD0FA8823AEFF53F879" bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Figures 59– 69</emphasis>
. Male holotype, chela dorsal (59), external (60) and ventral (61) views, patella dorsal (62), external (63) and ventral (64) views, trochanter and femur internal (65), dorsaloexternal (66) and ventral (67) views, and right chelicera in dorsal (68) and ventral (69) views. Trichobothrial pattern is indicated by white circles (59–63, 65–66).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="24D96555FFEDFFCAFFB027EEFF74FC27" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" type="description">
<paragraph id="6C7C36DEFFEDFFD3FFB027EEFF61FB86" blockId="10.[113,772,971,2019]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">
DESCRIPTION. The adults are 
<quantity id="AB3B9B3BFFEDFFD3FE6727EEFE2AFC26" box="[422,496,971,995]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.1" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="71.0">71 mm</quantity>
(male) – 
<quantity id="AB3B9B3BFFEDFFD3FD9627EEFD78FC26" box="[599,674,971,995]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.2" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="92.0">92 mm</quantity>
(female) long. The habitus is shown in 
<figureCitation id="F4F82A5BFFEDFFD3FE1127CEFDE0FBC7" box="[464,570,1003,1027]" captionStart-0="Figures 1–4" captionStart-1="Figures 5–10" captionStartId-0="3.[116,193,1981,2003]" captionStartId-1="5.[115,192,1981,2003]" captionTargetBox-0="[126,1465,261,1954]" captionTargetBox-1="[116,1465,244,1956]" captionTargetId-0="figure-50@3.[113,1474,234,1958]" captionTargetId-1="figure-63@5.[116,1477,234,1960]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionText-0="Figures 1–4: Leiurus gubanensis sp. n., 18SF.Figures 1–2. Male holotype in dorsal (1) andventral (2) views.Figures 3–4. Female paratopotype in dorsal (3) and ventral (4) views. Scale bar: 10 mm." captionText-1="Figures 5–10: Leiurus gubanensis sp. n., male subadult paratype, 11SG. Figures 5–6. Dorsal (5) and ventral (6) views. Figures 7–10. Telson and metasoma V lateral (7), and metasoma and telson lateral (8), dorsal (9), and ventral (10) views. Scale bars: 10 mm (5–6, 8–10)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648453" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648455" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4648453/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4648455/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Figs. 1–6</figureCitation>
. For position and distribution of trichobothria of pedipalps see 
<figureCitation id="F4F82A5BFFEDFFD3FDB9202EFF6DFB86" captionStart="Figures 57–69" captionStartId="9.[113,190,1931,1953]" captionTargetBox="[122,1471,244,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-90@9.[113,1474,234,1895]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figures 57–69: Leiurus gubanensis sp. n., 18SF. Figures 57–58. Female paratopotype, chela dorsal (57) and external (58) views. Figures 59– 69. Male holotype, chela dorsal (59), external (60) and ventral (61) views, patella dorsal (62), external (63) and ventral (64) views, trochanter and femur internal (65), dorsaloexternal (66) and ventral (67) views, and right chelicera in dorsal (68) and ventral (69) views. Trichobothrial pattern is indicated by white circles (59–63, 65–66)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648464" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4648464/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Figs. 59–63, 65–66</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6C7C36DEFFEDFFD3FFB0206FFE40FAE7" blockId="10.[113,772,971,2019]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFEDFFD3FFB0206FFF36FBA6" bold="true" box="[113,236,1098,1122]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Coloration</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="F4F82A5BFFEDFFD3FF3A206EFEBBFBA7" box="[251,353,1099,1123]" captionStart-0="Figures 1–4" captionStart-1="Figures 5–10" captionStartId-0="3.[116,193,1981,2003]" captionStartId-1="5.[115,192,1981,2003]" captionTargetBox-0="[126,1465,261,1954]" captionTargetBox-1="[116,1465,244,1956]" captionTargetId-0="figure-50@3.[113,1474,234,1958]" captionTargetId-1="figure-63@5.[116,1477,234,1960]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionText-0="Figures 1–4: Leiurus gubanensis sp. n., 18SF.Figures 1–2. Male holotype in dorsal (1) andventral (2) views.Figures 3–4. Female paratopotype in dorsal (3) and ventral (4) views. Scale bar: 10 mm." captionText-1="Figures 5–10: Leiurus gubanensis sp. n., male subadult paratype, 11SG. Figures 5–6. Dorsal (5) and ventral (6) views. Figures 7–10. Telson and metasoma V lateral (7), and metasoma and telson lateral (8), dorsal (9), and ventral (10) views. Scale bars: 10 mm (5–6, 8–10)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648453" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648455" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4648453/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4648455/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Figs. 1–6</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="F4F82A5BFFEDFFD3FEAC206EFE6EFBA7" box="[365,436,1099,1123]" captionStart-0="Figures 84–85" captionStart-1="Figures 86–87" captionStartId-0="15.[113,190,2013,2035]" captionStartId-1="16.[116,193,2015,2037]" captionTargetBox-0="[114,1475,234,1995]" captionTargetBox-1="[115,1472,232,1997]" captionTargetId-0="figure-30@15.[114,1475,234,1998]" captionTargetId-1="figure-37@16.[115,1474,229,1997]" captionTargetPageId-0="15" captionTargetPageId-1="16" captionText-0="Figures 84–85: Leiurus gubanensis sp. n., 18SF, male holotype (84) and female paratopotype (85) in vivo habitus." captionText-1="Figures 86–87: Leiurus gubanensis sp. n., 11SG, male subadult paratype (86) in vivo habitus and its locality (87)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648472" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648474" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4648472/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4648474/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">84–86</figureCitation>
). The base color is pale yellow, and melanic pigmentation is confined to patches around the median ocular tubercle and carinae of the interocular triangle. The ventromedian carinae of metasoma II–IV lack pigmentation, and metasoma V is darkened except for the most posterior portion of segment. The chelicerae are pale yellow without reticulation.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6C7C36DEFFEDFFD3FFB0210FFB92FCE6" blockId="10.[113,772,971,2019]" lastBlockId="10.[816,1475,235,2019]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFEDFFD3FFB0210FFE7BFA87" bold="true" box="[113,417,1322,1347]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Carapace and mesosoma</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="F4F82A5BFFEDFFD3FE76210EFD99FA87" box="[439,579,1323,1347]" captionStart="Figures 21–32" captionStartId="7.[116,193,1964,1986]" captionTargetBox="[113,1474,234,1945]" captionTargetId="figure-77@7.[113,1474,234,1957]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figures 21–32: Leiurus gubanensis sp. n., 18SF. Figures 21, 23, 25–28. Male holotype, carapace and tergites I–III (21), coxosternal area and sternites (23), left legs I–IV, retrolateral aspect (25–28 respectively). Figures 22, 24, 29–32. Female paratopotype, carapace and tergites I–III (22), coxosternal area and sternites (24), left legs I–IV, retrolateral aspect (29–32 respectively)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648459" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4648459/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Figs. 21–24</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="F4F82A5BFFEDFFD3FD97210EFD46FA87" box="[598,668,1323,1347]" captionStart="Figures 33–56" captionStartId="8.[115,192,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[115,1468,236,1874]" captionTargetId="figure-128@8.[115,1476,236,1875]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figures 33–56: Leiurus gubanensis sp. n., 11SG. Figures 33–45, 54. Male subadult paratype, carapace and tergites I–IV (33), coxosternal area and sternites (34), left legs I–IV, retrolateral aspect (35–38 respectively), chela dorsal (39), external (40) and ventral (41) views, patella dorsal (42), external (43) and ventral (44) views, trochanter and femur dorsal (45), and movable finger dentition (54). Figures 46–53, 55–56. Female adult paratype, chela dorsal (46), external (47) and ventral (48) views, patella dorsal (49), external (50) and ventral (51) views, trochanter and femur dorsal (52) and ventral (53) views, and movable (55) and fixed (56) finger dentition." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648461" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4648461/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">33–34</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="F4F82A5BFFEDFFD3FD6E210FFD22FA86" box="[687,760,1322,1346]" captionStart="Figures 70–79" captionStartId="11.[115,190,1958,1980]" captionTargetBox="[115,1476,236,1944]" captionTargetId="figure-88@11.[115,1476,233,1948]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figures 70–79: Leiurus gubanensis sp. n., comparison of key characters of male subadult paratype from 11SG (70, 72, 74, 76, 78) and female paratopotype from 18SF (71, 73, 75, 77, 79). Figures 70–73. Tergites I–III under white light (70–71) and UV fluorescence (72–73). Figures 74– 75. Sternite III under UV fluorescence.Figures 76–79. Metasoma V and telson ventral under UV fluorescence (76–77) and white light (78–79)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648466" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4648466/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">70–75</figureCitation>
). The carapace is subrectangular, with steeply sloped lateral flanks. The interocular triangle is convex laterally, depressed medially. The anterior margin of the carapace is almost straight, with fine granules or denticles across its width, and is bordered by a row of large granules. The median ocular tubercle is conspicuously large compared to the overall size of the carapace, the ratio of tubercle width (measured across outer ocular margins)/ mid-line carapace length is 
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the 
<typeStatus id="B378887CFFEDFFD3FF61226EFF25F9A7" box="[160,255,1611,1635]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
male, and 
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the topoparatype female. Five lateral eyes (3 large, 2 small) are present on each side. The carinae are typical for the genus 
<taxonomicName id="ABC34D5DFFEDFFD3FDD222AEFDBCF966" authorityName=": Vachon" authorityYear="1949" box="[531,614,1675,1698]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Leiurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFEDFFD3FDD222AEFDBCF966" box="[531,614,1675,1698]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Leiurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with anterior median, superciliary, central lateral, posterior median and posterior lateral carinae strong and coarsely granular. The anterior median carinae do not extend to the anterior marginal granule row, and the area between them has sparse, fine granules. The area between the posterior median carinae is depressed with a shallow median furrow. Tergites I–II bear 5 granular carinae, the median and inner lateral carinae being linear with medium to coarse granules, and the outer lateral carinae are aligned with the posterior lateral carinae of the carapace. Tergites III–VI bear 3 coarsely granulated carinae. The medial intercarinal surfaces of tergites II–III have dense, coarse to fine granulation. Tergite VII is pentacarinate, with all carinae strong and granular, and inner and outer lateral carinae are joined anteriorly by transverse granule rows. The sternites are finely shagreened. Sternite III–IV has median carinae well developed and finely granular in the male, rather reduced in females. Sternites V–VI bear moderate to strong, granulated lateral and median carinae, sternite VII strong, crenulate-granulate median and lateral carinae. The medial intercarinal surface of sternite VII is densely, finely shagreened. The pectinal tooth count is 
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the males and 
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the females. The pectinal marginal tips extend to half of the length of sternite V in the adult male, and a quarter of the length in females. The pectines have three marginal lamellae and 9–10 middle lamellae. The lamellae bear numerous fine, dark macrosetae, and each fulcrum has 3 – 6 fine, dark macrosetae. The pectine basal piece is lightly shagreened in both sexes.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6C7C36DEFFEDFFD3FCF1270EFAC8FB47" blockId="10.[816,1475,235,2019]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFEDFFD3FCF1270EFBE4FC87" bold="true" box="[816,1086,811,835]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Metasoma and telson</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="F4F82A5BFFEDFFD3FB9B270EFB06FC87" box="[1114,1244,811,835]" captionStart-0="Figures 5–10" captionStart-1="Figures 11–20" captionStartId-0="5.[115,192,1981,2003]" captionStartId-1="6.[113,190,1956,1978]" captionTargetBox-0="[116,1465,244,1956]" captionTargetBox-1="[119,1470,258,1931]" captionTargetId-0="figure-63@5.[116,1477,234,1960]" captionTargetId-1="figure-94@6.[113,1474,234,1936]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionText-0="Figures 5–10: Leiurus gubanensis sp. n., male subadult paratype, 11SG. Figures 5–6. Dorsal (5) and ventral (6) views. Figures 7–10. Telson and metasoma V lateral (7), and metasoma and telson lateral (8), dorsal (9), and ventral (10) views. Scale bars: 10 mm (5–6, 8–10)." captionText-1="Figures 11–20: Leiurus gubanensis sp. n., 18SF. Figures 12–13, 15–17. Male holotype, metasoma V and telson ventral (12) and lateral (13), and metasoma and telson lateral (15), dorsal (16), and ventral (17) views. Figures 11, 14, 18–20. Female paratopotype, metasoma V and telson ventral (11) and lateral (14), and metasoma and telson lateral (18), dorsal (19), and ventral (20) views. Scale bars: 10 mm (15–17, 18–20)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648455" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648457" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4648455/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4648457/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Figs. 7–20</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="F4F82A5BFFEDFFD3FB35270EFAE3FC87" box="[1268,1337,811,835]" captionStart="Figures 70–79" captionStartId="11.[115,190,1958,1980]" captionTargetBox="[115,1476,236,1944]" captionTargetId="figure-88@11.[115,1476,233,1948]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figures 70–79: Leiurus gubanensis sp. n., comparison of key characters of male subadult paratype from 11SG (70, 72, 74, 76, 78) and female paratopotype from 18SF (71, 73, 75, 77, 79). Figures 70–73. Tergites I–III under white light (70–71) and UV fluorescence (72–73). Figures 74– 75. Sternite III under UV fluorescence.Figures 76–79. Metasoma V and telson ventral under UV fluorescence (76–77) and white light (78–79)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648466" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4648466/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">76–79</figureCitation>
). The first metasomal segment bears 10 complete carinae, the second through fourth segments eight complete carinae. The lateral surfaces of the second and third segments bear several granules in place of missing median lateral carinae. The fifth segment bears seven carinae. Carinae on segments I–IV are crenulate or have denticulate granulation. The intercarinal surfaces on segments I–IV are smooth, and segment V is smooth dorsally, and is sparsely finely shagreened laterally and ventrally. All segments are sparsely setose. The telson is smooth, bulbous, with aculeus slightly shorter than the vesicle.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6C7C36DEFFEDFFD3FCF120AFFC6AF806" blockId="10.[816,1475,235,2019]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFEDFFD3FCF120AFFC45FB66" bold="true" box="[816,927,1162,1186]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Pedipalps</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="F4F82A5BFFEDFFD3FC7020AEFBE9FB67" box="[945,1075,1163,1187]" captionStart-0="Figures 33–56" captionStart-1="Figures 57–69" captionStartId-0="8.[115,192,1897,1919]" captionStartId-1="9.[113,190,1931,1953]" captionTargetBox-0="[115,1468,236,1874]" captionTargetBox-1="[122,1471,244,1886]" captionTargetId-0="figure-128@8.[115,1476,236,1875]" captionTargetId-1="figure-90@9.[113,1474,234,1895]" captionTargetPageId-0="8" captionTargetPageId-1="9" captionText-0="Figures 33–56: Leiurus gubanensis sp. n., 11SG. Figures 33–45, 54. Male subadult paratype, carapace and tergites I–IV (33), coxosternal area and sternites (34), left legs I–IV, retrolateral aspect (35–38 respectively), chela dorsal (39), external (40) and ventral (41) views, patella dorsal (42), external (43) and ventral (44) views, trochanter and femur dorsal (45), and movable finger dentition (54). Figures 46–53, 55–56. Female adult paratype, chela dorsal (46), external (47) and ventral (48) views, patella dorsal (49), external (50) and ventral (51) views, trochanter and femur dorsal (52) and ventral (53) views, and movable (55) and fixed (56) finger dentition." captionText-1="Figures 57–69: Leiurus gubanensis sp. n., 18SF. Figures 57–58. Female paratopotype, chela dorsal (57) and external (58) views. Figures 59– 69. Male holotype, chela dorsal (59), external (60) and ventral (61) views, patella dorsal (62), external (63) and ventral (64) views, trochanter and femur internal (65), dorsaloexternal (66) and ventral (67) views, and right chelicera in dorsal (68) and ventral (69) views. Trichobothrial pattern is indicated by white circles (59–63, 65–66)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648461" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648464" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4648461/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4648464/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Figs. 39–67</figureCitation>
). The pedipalps are smooth or very finely granulated. The femur bears four to five carinae. The dorsoexternal, dorsointernal and ventrointernal carinae are strong with coarse, closely spaced dentate granules. The internal carina is incomplete, with irregular large sparse granules. A linear group of 10–16 accessory macrosetae is present on the lower distal external surface. The patella bears seven coarsely granular carinae. The dorsointernal carina is strong with coarse granulation, the dorsomedian carina moderate with fine granulation, and the dorsoexternal carina is weak, almost smooth. The external and ventroexternal carinae are smooth, the ventromedian carina is weak with fine granules, and the ventrointernal carina is strong, with well spaced medium-sized granules and a ventral patellar spur. The internal carina is strong with large dentate granules. The chela bears five weak to obsolete carinae, which may be incomplete. The pedipalp movable and fixed fingers bear 13 rows of granules, the movable finger has 15 outer and inner denticles, and the fixed finger 15 outer and 14 inner denticles. 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFEDFFD3FCF122CEFCBFF8C7" bold="true" box="[816,869,1771,1795]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Legs</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="F4F82A5BFFEDFFD3FCB922CEFC24F8C6" box="[888,1022,1770,1795]" captionStart="Figures 21–32" captionStartId="7.[116,193,1964,1986]" captionTargetBox="[113,1474,234,1945]" captionTargetId="figure-77@7.[113,1474,234,1957]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figures 21–32: Leiurus gubanensis sp. n., 18SF. Figures 21, 23, 25–28. Male holotype, carapace and tergites I–III (21), coxosternal area and sternites (23), left legs I–IV, retrolateral aspect (25–28 respectively). Figures 22, 24, 29–32. Female paratopotype, carapace and tergites I–III (22), coxosternal area and sternites (24), left legs I–IV, retrolateral aspect (29–32 respectively)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648459" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4648459/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Figs. 25–32</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="F4F82A5BFFEDFFD3FBCC22CFFB95F8C6" box="[1037,1103,1770,1794]" captionStart="Figures 33–56" captionStartId="8.[115,192,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[115,1468,236,1874]" captionTargetId="figure-128@8.[115,1476,236,1875]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figures 33–56: Leiurus gubanensis sp. n., 11SG. Figures 33–45, 54. Male subadult paratype, carapace and tergites I–IV (33), coxosternal area and sternites (34), left legs I–IV, retrolateral aspect (35–38 respectively), chela dorsal (39), external (40) and ventral (41) views, patella dorsal (42), external (43) and ventral (44) views, trochanter and femur dorsal (45), and movable finger dentition (54). Figures 46–53, 55–56. Female adult paratype, chela dorsal (46), external (47) and ventral (48) views, patella dorsal (49), external (50) and ventral (51) views, trochanter and femur dorsal (52) and ventral (53) views, and movable (55) and fixed (56) finger dentition." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648461" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4648461/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">35–38</figureCitation>
). Leg pairs III and IV bear long tibial spurs. Retrolateral tarsal spurs are simple, nonsetose, and prolateral tarsal spurs basally bifurcate, bearing 1–3 macrosetae. The telotarsi bear two rows of spiniform macrosetae on their ventral surfaces. Basitarsi I–III bear bristle-combs, and basitarsus III has 5–10 retrosuperior macrosetae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6C7C36DEFFEDFFD3FCF123EEFBBDF827" blockId="10.[816,1475,235,2019]" box="[816,1127,1995,2019]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFEDFFD3FCF123EEFC0DF827" bold="true" box="[816,983,1995,2019]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Measurements</emphasis>
. See 
<tableCitation id="21410365FFEDFFD3FBD023EEFBBBF827" box="[1041,1121,1995,2019]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="4.[113,169,1065,1086]" captionTargetId="graphics-533@4.[118,1473,228,1057]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Table 1. Comparative measurements of adults of Leiurus gubanensis sp. n. Abbreviations: length (L), width (W, in carapace it corresponds to posterior width), depth (D)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/38BC6656FFE3FFDDFFB0200CFEA0FB98" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" tableUuid="38BC6656FFE3FFDDFFB0200CFEA0FB98">Table 1</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="38BC6656FFECFFD2FFB22383FA6DF832" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648466" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4648466" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4648466/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" startId="11.[115,190,1958,1980]" targetBox="[115,1476,236,1944]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="6C7C36DEFFECFFD2FFB22383FA6DF832" blockId="11.[114,1473,1958,2038]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFECFFD2FFB22383FEDAF87F" bold="true" box="[115,256,1958,1980]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Figures 70–79</emphasis>
: 
<taxonomicName id="ABC34D5DFFECFFD2FECC2382FE1FF87F" authority="Kovařík &amp; Lowe, 2020" authorityName="Kovařík &amp; Lowe" authorityYear="2020" box="[269,453,1958,1980]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Leiurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gubanensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFECFFD2FECC2382FE1FF87F" box="[269,453,1958,1980]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Leiurus gubanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="458457B7FFECFFD2FE0D2383FDDBF878" box="[460,513,1958,1980]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" rank="species">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFECFFD2FE0D2383FE38F87F" bold="true" box="[460,482,1958,1979]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">sp</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFECFFD2FE2E2383FE26F87F" bold="true" box="[495,508,1958,1979]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">n</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, comparison of key characters of male subadult paratype from 11SG (70, 72, 74, 76, 78) and female paratopotype from 18SF (71, 73, 75, 77, 79). 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFECFFD2FDDC23E6FD70F81C" bold="true" box="[541,682,1987,2009]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Figures 70–73</emphasis>
. Tergites I–III under white light (70–71) and UV fluorescence (72–73). 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFECFFD2FA8D23E6FF51F831" bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Figures 74– 75</emphasis>
. Sternite III under UV fluorescence. 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFECFFD2FE2523FAFDABF831" bold="true" box="[484,625,2015,2037]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Figures 76–79</emphasis>
. Metasoma V and telson ventral under UV fluorescence (76–77) and white light (78–79).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="38BC6656FFEBFFD5FFB523E0FF2AF83C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648468" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4648468" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4648468/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" startId="12.[116,191,1989,2011]" targetBox="[113,1474,234,1982]" targetPageId="12">
<paragraph id="6C7C36DEFFEBFFD5FFB523E0FF2AF83C" blockId="12.[116,1474,1989,2040]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFEBFFD5FFB523E0FED8F81E" bold="true" box="[116,258,1989,2011]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Figures 80–81</emphasis>
: 
<taxonomicName id="ABC34D5DFFEBFFD5FED123E3FE10F81E" authority="Kovařík &amp; Lowe, 2020" authorityName="Kovařík &amp; Lowe" authorityYear="2020" box="[272,458,1989,2011]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Leiurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gubanensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFEBFFD5FED123E3FE10F81E" box="[272,458,1989,2011]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Leiurus gubanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="458457B7FFEBFFD5FE1223E0FDDDF81F" box="[467,519,1989,2011]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" rank="species">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFEBFFD5FE1223E0FE3DF81E" bold="true" box="[467,487,1989,2010]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">sp</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFEBFFD5FE3423E0FDD8F81E" bold="true" box="[501,514,1989,2010]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">n</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, 18SF, male holotype, carapace and tergites (80) and coxosternal area and sternites (81) under UV fluorescence.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="38BC6656FFEAFFD4FFB323E0FECCF83C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648470" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4648470" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4648470/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" startId="13.[114,189,1989,2011]" targetBox="[113,1474,234,1851]" targetPageId="13">
<paragraph id="6C7C36DEFFEAFFD4FFB323E0FECCF83C" blockId="13.[114,1473,1989,2040]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFEAFFD4FFB323E0FEDAF81E" bold="true" box="[114,256,1989,2011]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Figures 82–83</emphasis>
: 
<taxonomicName id="ABC34D5DFFEAFFD4FECC23E3FE1FF81E" authority="Kovařík &amp; Lowe, 2020" authorityName="Kovařík &amp; Lowe" authorityYear="2020" box="[269,453,1989,2011]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Leiurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gubanensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFEAFFD4FECC23E3FE1FF81E" box="[269,453,1989,2011]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Leiurus gubanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="458457B7FFEAFFD4FE0D23E3FDDBF81F" box="[460,513,1990,2011]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" rank="species">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFEAFFD4FE0D23E3FE38F81F" bold="true" box="[460,482,1990,2011]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">sp</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFEAFFD4FE2E23E3FE26F81F" bold="true" box="[495,508,1990,2011]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">n</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, 18SF, female paratopotype, carapace and tergites (82) and coxosternal area and sternites (83) under UV fluorescence.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="6C7C36DEFFE9FFD7FFB024CEFED4FCE7" blockId="14.[112,772,235,2019]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">
AFFINITIES. The described features distinguish 
<taxonomicName id="ABC34D5DFFE9FFD7FDAC24CEFCD9FEC7" authority="Kovařík &amp; Lowe, 2020" authorityName="Kovařík &amp; Lowe" authorityYear="2020" box="[621,771,235,259]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Leiurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gubanensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE9FFD7FDAC24CEFCD9FEC7" box="[621,771,235,259]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">L. gubanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="458457B7FFE9FFD7FFB0252EFF6AFEE6" box="[113,176,267,291]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" rank="species">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE9FFD7FFB0252EFF50FEE7" bold="true" box="[113,138,267,291]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">sp</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE9FFD7FF5B252EFF73FEE7" bold="true" box="[154,169,267,291]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">n</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
from all other species of the genus. The key of 
<bibRefCitation id="08524B2FFFE9FFD7FD07252EFEC2FE87" author="LOWE" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 129" refId="ref7557" refString="LOWE, G., E. A. YAGMUR &amp; F. KOVARIK. 2014. A revision of the genus Leiurus Ehrenberg, 1828 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) with description of four new species from the Arabian Peninsula. Euscorpius, 191: 1 - 129." type="journal article" year="2014">Lowe et al. (2014: 4)</bibRefCitation>
would place 
<taxonomicName id="ABC34D5DFFE9FFD7FE70250EFD93FE87" authority="Kovařík &amp; Lowe, 2020" authorityName="Kovařík &amp; Lowe" authorityYear="2020" box="[433,585,299,323]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Leiurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gubanensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE9FFD7FE70250EFD93FE87" box="[433,585,299,323]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">L. gubanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="458457B7FFE9FFD7FD93250EFD48FE86" box="[594,658,299,323]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" rank="species">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE9FFD7FD93250EFDB1FE87" bold="true" box="[594,619,299,323]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">sp</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE9FFD7FDBD250EFD51FE87" bold="true" box="[636,651,299,323]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">n</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
closest to 
<taxonomicName id="ABC34D5DFFE9FFD7FFB0256EFE2AFEA7" authority="Ehrenberg, 1829" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1829" box="[113,496,331,355]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Leiurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brachycentrus">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE9FFD7FFB0256EFEF7FEA7" box="[113,301,331,355]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">L. brachycentrus</emphasis>
Ehrenberg, 1829
</taxonomicName>
from 
<collectingCountry id="14D4764EFFE9FFD7FDFD256EFD5CFEA6" box="[572,646,331,354]" name="Yemen" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Yemen</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="14D4764EFFE9FFD7FD07256EFF67FE47" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
. Both have densely shagreened or finely granulated medial intercarinal surfaces on tergites II-III, and males have relatively long pectine teeth, a character also shared with 
<taxonomicName id="ABC34D5DFFE9FFD7FF6B25EEFD1BFE27" authority="Lowe, Yagmur &amp; Kovarik, 2014" authorityName="Lowe, Yagmur &amp; Kovarik" authorityYear="2014" box="[170,705,459,483]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Leiurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macroctenus">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE9FFD7FF6B25EEFF63FE26" box="[170,185,459,482]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE9FFD7FF0825EEFE8AFE26" box="[201,336,459,482]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">macroctenus</emphasis>
Lowe, Yagmur &amp; Kovařík, 2014
</taxonomicName>
. They differ from 
<taxonomicName id="ABC34D5DFFE9FFD7FF3625CEFE7AFDC6" authorityName="Lowe, Yagmur &amp; Kovarik" authorityYear="2014" box="[247,416,491,514]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Leiurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macroctenus">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE9FFD7FF3625CEFEDCFDC6" box="[247,262,491,514]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE9FFD7FED825CEFE7AFDC6" box="[281,416,491,514]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">macroctenus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in that females have relatively short pectine teeth. Another character shared between 
<taxonomicName id="ABC34D5DFFE9FFD7FD2F262EFF33FD87" authority="Kovařík &amp; Lowe, 2020" authorityName="Kovařík &amp; Lowe" authorityYear="2020" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Leiurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gubanensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE9FFD7FD2F262EFF33FD87" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">L. gubanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="458457B7FFE9FFD7FF2E260EFEF0FD86" box="[239,298,555,579]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" rank="species">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE9FFD7FF2E260EFED2FD87" bold="true" box="[239,264,555,579]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">sp</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE9FFD7FED5260EFEF9FD87" bold="true" box="[276,291,555,579]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">n</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
and 
<taxonomicName id="ABC34D5DFFE9FFD7FE9A260EFDD5FD87" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1829" box="[347,527,555,579]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Leiurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brachycentrus">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE9FFD7FE9A260EFDD5FD87" box="[347,527,555,579]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">L. brachycentrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is proximal position of trichobothrium 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE9FFD7FED8266EFEEEFDA7" box="[281,308,587,611]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">db</emphasis>
relative to 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE9FFD7FE6E266EFE17FDA6" box="[431,461,587,610]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">est</emphasis>
on the pedipalp fixed finger. However, 
<taxonomicName id="ABC34D5DFFE9FFD7FF20264EFE42FD47" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1829" box="[225,408,619,643]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Leiurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brachycentrus">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE9FFD7FF20264EFE42FD47" box="[225,408,619,643]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">L. brachycentrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from 
<taxonomicName id="ABC34D5DFFE9FFD7FDE9264EFD67FD47" authority="Kovařík &amp; Lowe, 2020" authorityName="Kovařík &amp; Lowe" authorityYear="2020" box="[552,701,619,643]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Leiurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gubanensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE9FFD7FDE9264EFDEDFD46" box="[552,567,619,642]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE9FFD7FD84264EFD67FD47" box="[581,701,619,643]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">gubanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="458457B7FFE9FFD7FD04264EFCD9FD46" box="[709,771,619,643]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" rank="species">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE9FFD7FD04264EFD04FD47" bold="true" box="[709,734,619,643]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">sp</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE9FFD7FD2F264EFD27FD47" bold="true" box="[750,765,619,643]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">n</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
in the following characters: metasoma V lightly pigmented (vs. dark); less slender pedipalps, legs and metasoma, as indicated by lower L/W and L/D morphometric ratios cited in 
<bibRefCitation id="08524B2FFFE9FFD7FFB026CEFEBFFCC7" author="LOWE" box="[113,357,747,771]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 129" refId="ref7557" refString="LOWE, G., E. A. YAGMUR &amp; F. KOVARIK. 2014. A revision of the genus Leiurus Ehrenberg, 1828 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) with description of four new species from the Arabian Peninsula. Euscorpius, 191: 1 - 129." type="journal article" year="2014">Lowe et al. (2014: 105</bibRefCitation>
, tab. 3B) (vs. the ranges cited above in the diagnosis).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6C7C36DEFFE9FFD7FF60270EFD66FA47" blockId="14.[112,772,235,2019]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">
Two geographically closer species on the African continent are 
<taxonomicName id="ABC34D5DFFE9FFD7FEC2276EFDA4FCA7" authority="Ehrenberg, 1828" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1828" box="[259,638,843,867]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Androctonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quinquestriatus">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE9FFD7FEC2276EFE1CFCA6" box="[259,454,843,866]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">L. quinquestriatus</emphasis>
Ehrenberg, 1828
</taxonomicName>
from 
<collectingCountry id="14D4764EFFE9FFD7FD01276EFCD9FCA7" box="[704,771,843,867]" name="Sudan" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Sudan</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="14D4764EFFE9FFD7FF60274EFF39FC47" box="[161,227,875,899]" name="Egypt" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Egypt</collectingCountry>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="ABC34D5DFFE9FFD7FEE1274EFD18FC47" authority="Lourenco &amp; Rossi, 2016" authorityName="Lourenco &amp; Rossi" authorityYear="2016" box="[288,706,875,899]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Leiurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="somalicus">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE9FFD7FEE1274EFE73FC47" box="[288,425,875,899]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">L. somalicus</emphasis>
Lourenço &amp; Rossi, 2016
</taxonomicName>
, from 
<collectingCountry id="14D4764EFFE9FFD7FFB027AEFF12FC67" box="[113,200,907,931]" name="Somalia" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Somalia</collectingCountry>
(see 
<figureCitation id="F4F82A5BFFE9FFD7FECB27AEFE87FC67" box="[266,349,907,931]" captionStart="Figures 88–89" captionStartId="17.[118,195,1986,2008]" captionTargetBox="[113,1474,232,1969]" captionTargetId="figure-45@17.[113,1474,229,1969]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figures 88–89: Figure 88. Distribution of Leiurus gubanensis sp. n., L. quinquestriatus and L. somalicus in the region. Figure 89. Type locality (18SF) of L. gubanensis sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648476" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4648476/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Fig. 88</figureCitation>
). Together with 
<taxonomicName id="ABC34D5DFFE9FFD7FDD927AEFD6BFC67" authority="Kovařík &amp; Lowe, 2020" authorityName="Kovařík &amp; Lowe" authorityYear="2020" box="[536,689,907,931]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Leiurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gubanensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE9FFD7FDD927AEFD6BFC67" box="[536,689,907,931]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">L. gubanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="458457B7FFE9FFD7FD7D27AEFD26FC66" box="[700,764,907,931]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" rank="species">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE9FFD7FD7D27AEFD0FFC67" bold="true" box="[700,725,907,931]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">sp</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE9FFD7FD2627AEFD2CFC67" bold="true" box="[743,758,907,931]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">n</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, all three have rather elongated, slender pedipalps, legs and metasoma. However: (i) 
<taxonomicName id="ABC34D5DFFE9FFD7FE4B27EEFD88FC26" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1828" box="[394,594,971,994]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Androctonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quinquestriatus">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE9FFD7FE4B27EEFD88FC26" box="[394,594,971,994]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">L. quinquestriatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from 
<taxonomicName id="ABC34D5DFFE9FFD7FD2F27EEFF33FBC7" authority="Kovařík &amp; Lowe, 2020" authorityName="Kovařík &amp; Lowe" authorityYear="2020" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Leiurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gubanensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE9FFD7FD2F27EEFD27FC26" box="[750,765,971,994]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE9FFD7FFB027CEFF33FBC7" box="[113,233,1003,1027]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">gubanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="458457B7FFE9FFD7FF3727CEFEE2FBC6" box="[246,312,1003,1027]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" rank="species">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE9FFD7FF3727CEFED5FBC7" bold="true" box="[246,271,1003,1027]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">sp</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE9FFD7FEE227CEFEE8FBC7" bold="true" box="[291,306,1003,1027]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">n</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
in the following characters: in females, sternite III has median carinae strongly developed (cf. figs. 78B, 92J in 
<bibRefCitation id="08524B2FFFE9FFD7FF3D200EFE1AFB87" author="LOWE" box="[252,448,1067,1091]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 129" refId="ref7557" refString="LOWE, G., E. A. YAGMUR &amp; F. KOVARIK. 2014. A revision of the genus Leiurus Ehrenberg, 1828 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) with description of four new species from the Arabian Peninsula. Euscorpius, 191: 1 - 129." type="journal article" year="2014">Lowe et al., 2014</bibRefCitation>
) (vs. weak or obsolete; 
<figureCitation id="F4F82A5BFFE9FFD7FD0F200EFF54FBA7" captionStart="Figures 70–79" captionStartId="11.[115,190,1958,1980]" captionTargetBox="[115,1476,236,1944]" captionTargetId="figure-88@11.[115,1476,233,1948]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figures 70–79: Leiurus gubanensis sp. n., comparison of key characters of male subadult paratype from 11SG (70, 72, 74, 76, 78) and female paratopotype from 18SF (71, 73, 75, 77, 79). Figures 70–73. Tergites I–III under white light (70–71) and UV fluorescence (72–73). Figures 74– 75. Sternite III under UV fluorescence.Figures 76–79. Metasoma V and telson ventral under UV fluorescence (76–77) and white light (78–79)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648466" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4648466/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Figs. 75</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="F4F82A5BFFE9FFD7FF62206EFF1BFBA7" box="[163,193,1099,1123]" captionStart="Figures 82–83" captionStartId="13.[114,189,1989,2011]" captionTargetBox="[113,1474,234,1851]" captionTargetId="figure-9@13.[113,1474,234,1851]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figures 82–83: Leiurus gubanensis sp. n., 18SF, female paratopotype, carapace and tergites (82) and coxosternal area and sternites (83) under UV fluorescence." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648470" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4648470/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">83</figureCitation>
); higher numbers of retrosuperior macrosetae on basitarsus III (8–16 vs. 5–10); and carapace posteromedian granule arcs reduced or absent (vs. well developed); (ii) 
<taxonomicName id="ABC34D5DFFE9FFD7FD2F20AEFF06FB07" authorityName="Lourenco &amp; Rossi" authorityYear="2016" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Leiurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="somalicus">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE9FFD7FD2F20AEFF06FB07" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">L. somalicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from 
<taxonomicName id="ABC34D5DFFE9FFD7FEAF208EFDDFFB07" authority="Kovařík &amp; Lowe, 2020" authorityName="Kovařík &amp; Lowe" authorityYear="2020" box="[366,517,1195,1219]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Leiurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gubanensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE9FFD7FEAF208EFEA7FB06" box="[366,381,1195,1218]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE9FFD7FE4C208EFDDFFB07" box="[397,517,1195,1219]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">gubanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="458457B7FFE9FFD7FDCC208EFD96FB06" box="[525,588,1195,1219]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" rank="species">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE9FFD7FDCC208EFDFCFB07" bold="true" box="[525,550,1195,1219]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">sp</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE9FFD7FDF7208EFD9FFB07" bold="true" box="[566,581,1195,1219]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">n</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
in the following characters: melanic pigment on carapace confined centrally, not extending to posterior margin; less elongated metasoma, metasoma II L/ 
<geoCoordinate id="09F75019FFE9FFD7FED2212EFEBBFAE7" box="[275,353,1291,1315]" degrees="1.68" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" precision="555" value="-1.68">W 1.68</geoCoordinate>
–1.72, II L/ 
<geoCoordinate id="09F75019FFE9FFD7FE18212EFDFFFAE7" box="[473,549,1291,1315]" degrees="1.86" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" precision="555" value="-1.86">W 1.86</geoCoordinate>
–2.00, IV L/ 
<geoCoordinate id="09F75019FFE9FFD7FD69212EFD2FFAE7" box="[680,757,1291,1315]" degrees="2.31" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" precision="555" value="-2.31">W 2.31</geoCoordinate>
– 2.32 (vs. ranges cited above in the diagnosis). Moreover, in both 
<taxonomicName id="ABC34D5DFFE9FFD7FF67216EFEB2FAA6" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1828" box="[166,360,1355,1378]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Androctonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quinquestriatus">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE9FFD7FF67216EFEB2FAA6" box="[166,360,1355,1378]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">L. quinquestriatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="ABC34D5DFFE9FFD7FE58216EFDC5FAA7" authorityName="Lourenco &amp; Rossi" authorityYear="2016" box="[409,543,1355,1379]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Leiurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="somalicus">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE9FFD7FE58216EFDC5FAA7" box="[409,543,1355,1379]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">L. somalicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, trichobothrium 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE9FFD7FD10216EFD36FAA7" box="[721,748,1355,1379]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">db</emphasis>
is distal to 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE9FFD7FF0C214EFF31FA46" box="[205,235,1387,1410]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">est</emphasis>
on the pedipalp fixed finger (vs. proximal).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6C7C36DEFFE9FFD7FF6021AEFC4EFD46" blockId="14.[112,772,235,2019]" lastBlockId="14.[816,1475,235,2019]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">
While several characters are proposed here to differentiate 
<taxonomicName id="ABC34D5DFFE9FFD7FFB0218EFF26FA07" authorityName="Lourenco &amp; Rossi" authorityYear="2016" box="[113,252,1451,1475]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Leiurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="somalicus">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE9FFD7FFB0218EFF26FA07" box="[113,252,1451,1475]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">L. somalicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, from 
<taxonomicName id="ABC34D5DFFE9FFD7FE8B218EFE3BFA07" authority="Kovařík &amp; Lowe, 2020" authorityName="Kovařík &amp; Lowe" authorityYear="2020" box="[330,481,1451,1475]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Leiurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gubanensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE9FFD7FE8B218EFE83FA06" box="[330,345,1451,1474]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE9FFD7FEA8218EFE3BFA07" box="[361,481,1451,1475]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">gubanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="458457B7FFE9FFD7FE2A218EFDF0FA06" box="[491,554,1451,1475]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" rank="species">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE9FFD7FE2A218EFDDEFA07" bold="true" box="[491,516,1451,1475]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">sp</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE9FFD7FDD4218EFDFEFA07" bold="true" box="[533,548,1451,1475]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">n</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, a number of other key characters previously useful in 
<taxonomicName id="ABC34D5DFFE9FFD7FE3321EEFD99FA26" authorityName=": Vachon" authorityYear="1949" box="[498,579,1483,1506]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Leiurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE9FFD7FE3321EEFD99FA26" box="[498,579,1483,1506]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Leiurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
taxonomy (
<bibRefCitation id="08524B2FFFE9FFD7FD0421EEFF2BF9C7" author="LOWE" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 129" refId="ref7557" refString="LOWE, G., E. A. YAGMUR &amp; F. KOVARIK. 2014. A revision of the genus Leiurus Ehrenberg, 1828 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) with description of four new species from the Arabian Peninsula. Euscorpius, 191: 1 - 129." type="journal article" year="2014">Lowe et al., 2014</bibRefCitation>
) remain unscored. They were omitted from the description of Lourenço &amp; Rossi (2016), which listed mostly genus-level and buthid family-level characters. For species diagnosis, the authors relied on coloration, pectinal tooth count, number of granule rows on pedipalp fingers, and sternite carination and granulation. The latter have indeed proven useful in differentiating some 
<taxonomicName id="ABC34D5DFFE9FFD7FE00228EFDC8F906" authorityName=": Vachon" authorityYear="1949" box="[449,530,1707,1730]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Leiurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE9FFD7FE00228EFDC8F906" box="[449,530,1707,1730]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Leiurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species (
<bibRefCitation id="08524B2FFFE9FFD7FDBD228EFF70F927" author="LOWE" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 129" refId="ref7557" refString="LOWE, G., E. A. YAGMUR &amp; F. KOVARIK. 2014. A revision of the genus Leiurus Ehrenberg, 1828 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) with description of four new species from the Arabian Peninsula. Euscorpius, 191: 1 - 129." type="journal article" year="2014">Lowe et al., 2014</bibRefCitation>
), but other characters may vary intraspecifically, or have overlapping ranges interspecifically. The authors suggested that 
<taxonomicName id="ABC34D5DFFE9FFD7FF67232EFEE8F8E7" authorityName="Lourenco &amp; Rossi" authorityYear="2016" box="[166,306,1803,1827]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Leiurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="somalicus">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE9FFD7FF67232EFF6FF8E6" box="[166,181,1803,1826]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE9FFD7FF06232EFEE8F8E7" box="[199,306,1803,1827]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">somalicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has an affinity with 
<taxonomicName id="ABC34D5DFFE9FFD7FDE7232EFD7FF8E7" box="[550,677,1803,1827]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Leiurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haenggii">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE9FFD7FDE7232EFDEFF8E6" box="[550,565,1803,1826]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE9FFD7FD89232EFD7FF8E7" box="[584,677,1803,1827]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">haenggii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
without specifying which shared characters supported this view. They further wrote that the two differ by “distinct morphometric values”, again without details. If there is such an affinity, then it is worth noting that 
<taxonomicName id="ABC34D5DFFE9FFD7FE9D23AEFE35F867" authority="Kovařík &amp; Lowe, 2020" authorityName="Kovařík &amp; Lowe" authorityYear="2020" box="[348,495,1931,1955]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Leiurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gubanensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE9FFD7FE9D23AEFEB1F866" box="[348,363,1931,1954]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE9FFD7FEB623AEFE35F867" box="[375,495,1931,1955]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">gubanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="458457B7FFE9FFD7FE3723AEFDE8F866" box="[502,562,1931,1955]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" rank="species">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE9FFD7FE3723AEFDD5F867" bold="true" box="[502,527,1931,1955]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">sp</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE9FFD7FDDD23AEFDF1F867" bold="true" box="[540,555,1931,1955]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">n</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
is clearly separable from 
<taxonomicName id="ABC34D5DFFE9FFD7FF6B238EFEFBF807" box="[170,289,1963,1987]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Leiurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haenggii">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE9FFD7FF6B238EFF63F806" box="[170,185,1963,1986]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE9FFD7FF05238EFEFBF807" box="[196,289,1963,1987]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">haenggii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having dense granulation on tergites II–III, longer pectine teeth (as quantified by sensillar margin ratios) and fewer basitarsal retrosuperior macrosetae. Lourenço &amp; Rossi (2016) dismissed some characters in the dichotomous key of 
<bibRefCitation id="08524B2FFFE9FFD7FCBB250EFBE7FE87" author="LOWE" box="[890,1085,299,323]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 129" refId="ref7557" refString="LOWE, G., E. A. YAGMUR &amp; F. KOVARIK. 2014. A revision of the genus Leiurus Ehrenberg, 1828 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) with description of four new species from the Arabian Peninsula. Euscorpius, 191: 1 - 129." type="journal article" year="2014">Lowe et al. (2014)</bibRefCitation>
as being “rather difficult to be used” and “sometimes ambiguous and not easy to be interpreted”. They did not elaborate on the problems to help improve the key in future work. We point out that diagnostic characters in that paper were fully defined in the text, including biometrics, and the granulation and carination characters extensively illustrated by UV fluorescence imaging (
<bibRefCitation id="08524B2FFFE9FFD7FAD325CEFA64FDC7" author="PRENDINI" box="[1298,1470,491,515]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 24" refId="ref7607" refString="PRENDINI, L. 2003. Discovery of the male of Parabuthus muelleri, and implications for the phylogeny of Parabuthus (Scorpiones: Buthidae). American Museum Novitates, 3408: 1 - 24." type="journal article" year="2003">Prendini, 2003</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="08524B2FFFE9FFD7FCF1262EFC36FDE6" author="VOLSCHENK" box="[816,1004,522,547]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" pagination="820 - 825" refId="ref7909" refString="VOLSCHENK, E. S. 2005. A new technique for examining surface morphosculpture of scorpions. Journal of Arachnology, 33: 820 - 825." type="journal article" year="2005">Volschenk, 2005</bibRefCitation>
). A taxonomic key is applicable to those species or populations that were examined to construct the key, but new species or different populations may lie outside its scope.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6C7C36DEFFE9FFD7FCA126AEFA56FB26" blockId="14.[816,1475,235,2019]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="ABC34D5DFFE9FFD7FCA126AEFC2FFD67" authority="Kovařík &amp; Lowe, 2020" authorityName="Kovařík &amp; Lowe" authorityYear="2020" box="[864,1013,651,675]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Leiurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gubanensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE9FFD7FCA126AEFCB5FD66" box="[864,879,651,674]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE9FFD7FCBC26AEFC2FFD67" box="[893,1013,651,675]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">gubanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="458457B7FFE9FFD7FC3A26AEFBE2FD66" box="[1019,1080,651,675]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" rank="species">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE9FFD7FC3A26AEFBCEFD67" bold="true" box="[1019,1044,651,675]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">sp</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE9FFD7FBE326AEFBEBFD67" bold="true" box="[1058,1073,651,675]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">n</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
can also be distinguished from other 
<taxonomicName id="ABC34D5DFFE9FFD7FCF1268EFC5BFD06" authorityName=": Vachon" authorityYear="1949" box="[816,897,683,706]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Leiurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE9FFD7FCF1268EFC5BFD06" box="[816,897,683,706]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Leiurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. by characters utilized in 
<bibRefCitation id="08524B2FFFE9FFD7FB11268EFA7AFD07" author="LOWE" box="[1232,1440,683,707]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 129" refId="ref7557" refString="LOWE, G., E. A. YAGMUR &amp; F. KOVARIK. 2014. A revision of the genus Leiurus Ehrenberg, 1828 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) with description of four new species from the Arabian Peninsula. Euscorpius, 191: 1 - 129." type="journal article" year="2014">Lowe et al. (2014)</bibRefCitation>
. 
<taxonomicName id="ABC34D5DFFE9FFD7FA6C268EFBB9FD27" authority="Lowe et al., 2014" authorityName="Lowe" authorityYear="2014" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Leiurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haenggii">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE9FFD7FA6C268EFC57FD27" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">L. haenggii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="08524B2FFFE9FFD7FC5826EEFBB9FD27" author="LOWE" box="[921,1123,715,739]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 129" refId="ref7557" refString="LOWE, G., E. A. YAGMUR &amp; F. KOVARIK. 2014. A revision of the genus Leiurus Ehrenberg, 1828 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) with description of four new species from the Arabian Peninsula. Euscorpius, 191: 1 - 129." type="journal article" year="2014">Lowe et al., 2014</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="ABC34D5DFFE9FFD7FBB326EEFA18FD27" authority="Lowe et al., 2014" authorityName="Lowe" authorityYear="2014" box="[1138,1474,715,739]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Leiurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arabicus">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE9FFD7FBB326EEFB5BFD26" box="[1138,1153,715,738]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE9FFD7FB5326EEFB35FD27" box="[1170,1263,715,739]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">arabicus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="08524B2FFFE9FFD7FB3A26EEFA18FD27" author="LOWE" box="[1275,1474,715,739]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 129" refId="ref7557" refString="LOWE, G., E. A. YAGMUR &amp; F. KOVARIK. 2014. A revision of the genus Leiurus Ehrenberg, 1828 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) with description of four new species from the Arabian Peninsula. Euscorpius, 191: 1 - 129." type="journal article" year="2014">Lowe et al., 2014</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="ABC34D5DFFE9FFD7FC9E26CEFB54FCC7" authority="Lowe et al., 2014" authorityName="Lowe" authorityYear="2014" box="[863,1166,747,771]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Leiurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heberti">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE9FFD7FC9E26CEFCB4FCC6" box="[863,878,747,770]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE9FFD7FCBC26CEFC13FCC7" box="[893,969,747,771]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">heberti</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="08524B2FFFE9FFD7FC1126CEFB54FCC7" author="LOWE" box="[976,1166,747,771]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 129" refId="ref7557" refString="LOWE, G., E. A. YAGMUR &amp; F. KOVARIK. 2014. A revision of the genus Leiurus Ehrenberg, 1828 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) with description of four new species from the Arabian Peninsula. Euscorpius, 191: 1 - 129." type="journal article" year="2014">Lowe et al., 2014</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
collectively differ in having medial intercarinal surfaces of tergites II–III smooth or sparsely shagreened, without dense granulation. 
<taxonomicName id="ABC34D5DFFE9FFD7FA83270EFC12FCA7" authority="(Birula, 1908)" baseAuthorityName="Birula" baseAuthorityYear="1908" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Leiurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hebraeus">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE9FFD7FA83270EFA8BFC86" box="[1346,1361,811,834]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE9FFD7FAA1270EFA18FC87" box="[1376,1474,811,835]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">hebraeus</emphasis>
(Birula, 1908)
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="ABC34D5DFFE9FFD7FC3D276EFCB2FC47" authority="Yagmur, Koc &amp; Kunt, 2009" authorityName="Yagmur, Koc &amp; Kunt" authorityYear="2009" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Leiurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abdullahbayrami">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE9FFD7FC3D276EFBD1FCA6" box="[1020,1035,843,866]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE9FFD7FBD9276EFB0AFCA7" box="[1048,1232,843,867]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">abdullahbayrami</emphasis>
Yagmur, Koc &amp; Kunt, 2009
</taxonomicName>
, both differ in having less slender pedipalps, legs and metasoma, and smaller numbers of denticles (i.e., 7–19) on ventromedian carinae of metasoma II–III. Ventromedian denticle counts on II–III were first utilized by 
<bibRefCitation id="08524B2FFFE9FFD7FACB27EEFA18FC27" author="LEVY" box="[1290,1474,971,995]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" pagination="231 - 242" refId="ref7261" refString="LEVY, G., P. AMITAI &amp; A. SHULOV. 1970. Leiurus quinquestriatus hebraeus (Birula, 1908) (Scorpiones, Buthidae) and its systematic position. Israel Journal of Zoology, 19 (4): 231 - 242." type="journal article" year="1970">Levy et al. (1970)</bibRefCitation>
in their quantitative study of 
<taxonomicName id="ABC34D5DFFE9FFD7FBA327CEFB69FBC6" authorityName=": Vachon" authorityYear="1949" box="[1122,1203,1003,1026]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Leiurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE9FFD7FBA327CEFB69FBC6" box="[1122,1203,1003,1026]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Leiurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and can separate species with more elongate vs. more stout metasomal segments. 
<taxonomicName id="ABC34D5DFFE9FFD7FA6C202EFAFCFB87" authority="Lourenco, Modry &amp; Amr, 2002" authorityName="Lourenco, Modry &amp; Amr" authorityYear="2002" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Leiurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jordanensis">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE9FFD7FA6C202EFA66FBE6" box="[1453,1468,1035,1058]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE9FFD7FCF1200EFC71FB87" box="[816,939,1067,1091]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">jordanensis</emphasis>
Lourenço, Modrý &amp; Amr, 2002
</taxonomicName>
, is similar to 
<taxonomicName id="ABC34D5DFFE9FFD7FCF1206EFC11FBA7" authority="Kovařík &amp; Lowe, 2020" authorityName="Kovařík &amp; Lowe" authorityYear="2020" box="[816,971,1099,1123]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Leiurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gubanensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE9FFD7FCF1206EFCE5FBA6" box="[816,831,1099,1122]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE9FFD7FC92206EFC11FBA7" box="[851,971,1099,1123]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">gubanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="458457B7FFE9FFD7FC19206EFBC0FBA6" box="[984,1050,1099,1123]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" rank="species">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE9FFD7FC19206EFC2BFBA7" bold="true" box="[984,1009,1099,1123]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">sp</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE9FFD7FBC5206EFBC9FBA7" bold="true" box="[1028,1043,1099,1123]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">n</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
in having elongated appendages and metasoma, but differs markedly in its overall dark coloration, higher numbers of retrosuperior macrosetae on basitarsus III (18–20) and ventromedian denticles on metasoma II (31–36), and in having pedipalp chela fixed finger 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE9FFD7FB2B20EEFADFFB27" box="[1258,1285,1227,1251]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">db</emphasis>
distal to 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE9FFD7FAA920EEFA5CFB26" box="[1384,1414,1227,1250]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">est</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6C7C36DEFFE9FFCBFCA120CEFD58FA62" blockId="14.[816,1475,235,2019]" lastBlockId="18.[113,772,1006,2022]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">
Three other species described from Africa also have slender appendages and metasoma comparable to those of 
<taxonomicName id="ABC34D5DFFE9FFD7FA6C212EFC72FA87" authority="Kovařík &amp; Lowe, 2020" authorityName="Kovařík &amp; Lowe" authorityYear="2020" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Leiurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gubanensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE9FFD7FA6C212EFA66FAE6" box="[1453,1468,1291,1314]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE9FFD7FCF1210EFC72FA87" box="[816,936,1323,1347]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">gubanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="458457B7FFE9FFD7FC73210EFC28FA86" box="[946,1010,1323,1347]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" rank="species">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE9FFD7FC73210EFC11FA87" bold="true" box="[946,971,1323,1347]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">sp</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE9FFD7FC1D210EFC31FA87" bold="true" box="[988,1003,1323,1347]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">n</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
They can be distinguished as follows: (i) 
<taxonomicName id="ABC34D5DFFE9FFD7FCF1216EFA64FAA7" authority="Lourenco, Qi &amp; Cloudsley-Thompson, 2006" authorityName="Lourenco, Qi &amp; Cloudsley-Thompson" authorityYear="2006" box="[816,1470,1355,1379]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Leiurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="savanicola">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE9FFD7FCF1216EFCE5FAA6" box="[816,831,1355,1378]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE9FFD7FC90216EFC1FFAA7" box="[849,965,1355,1379]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">savanicola</emphasis>
Lourenço, Qi &amp; Cloudsley-Thompson, 2006
</taxonomicName>
, from 
<collectingCountry id="14D4764EFFE9FFD7FCAA214EFC07FA47" box="[875,989,1387,1411]" name="Cameroon" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
, known only from the 
<typeStatus id="B378887CFFE9FFD7FB11214EFAF7FA47" box="[1232,1325,1387,1411]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
male (https:// science.mnhn.fr/institution/mnhn/collection/rs/item/rs8979), differs in having the telson vesicle less bulbous with shallower posterior slope; in several morphometric ratios, e.g., metasoma V L/D 3.6 (vs. 3.2), metasoma V L/ carapace L 1.2 (vs. 1.1), pedipalp femur L/ 
<geoCoordinate id="09F75019FFE9FFD7FC3A222EFB95F9E7" box="[1019,1103,1547,1571]" degrees="4.01" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" precision="555" value="-4.01">W 4.01</geoCoordinate>
(vs. 4.41), pedipalp patella L/ 
<geoCoordinate id="09F75019FFE9FFD7FA68222EFC85F987" degrees="3.77" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" precision="555" value="-3.77">W 3.77</geoCoordinate>
(vs. 4.01); in having pedipalp fixed finger 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE9FFD7FAE3220EFAE7F987" box="[1314,1341,1579,1603]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">db</emphasis>
distal to 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE9FFD7FA5C220EFA61F986" box="[1437,1467,1579,1602]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">est</emphasis>
; and shorter male pectine teeth (
<specimenCount id="7AC5FD57FFE9FFD7FBBB226EFB54F9A7" box="[1146,1166,1611,1635]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
mid-pectine sensillar margin L/metasoma I W ca. 0.13, vs. 0.205); (ii) 
<taxonomicName id="ABC34D5DFFE9FFD7FADF224EFB62F967" authority="Lourenco, Kourim &amp; Sadine, 2018" authorityName="Lourenco, Kourim &amp; Sadine" authorityYear="2018" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Leiurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hoggarensis">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE9FFD7FADF224EFA18F947" box="[1310,1474,1643,1667]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">L. hoggarensis</emphasis>
Lourenço, Kourim &amp; Sadine, 2018
</taxonomicName>
, from 
<collectingCountry id="14D4764EFFE9FFD7FAC522AEFA8EF967" box="[1284,1364,1675,1699]" name="Algeria" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Algeria</collectingCountry>
differs in its carapace color pattern; having pedipalp fixed finger 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE9FFD7FA66228EFA18F907" box="[1447,1474,1707,1731]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">db</emphasis>
distal to 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE9FFD7FC5022EEFC75F926" box="[913,943,1739,1762]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">est</emphasis>
(vs. proximal); 11–12 granule rows on pedipalp fingers (vs. 13); and lower pectinal tooth counts (
<specimenCount id="7AC5FD57FFE9FFD7FA8222CEFA8DF8C7" box="[1347,1367,1771,1795]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
26–29, 
<specimenCount id="7AC5FD57FFE9FFD7FA6F22CEFA18F8C6" box="[1454,1474,1771,1794]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
32–34); (iii) 
<taxonomicName id="ABC34D5DFFE9FFD7FC7B232EFB6FF8E7" authority="Lourenco, 2019" authorityName="Lourenco" authorityYear="2019" box="[954,1205,1803,1827]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Leiurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ater">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE9FFD7FC7B232EFC13F8E6" box="[954,969,1803,1826]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE9FFD7FC16232EFBD8F8E6" box="[983,1026,1803,1826]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">ater</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="08524B2FFFE9FFD7FBC8232EFB6FF8E7" author="LOURENCO" box="[1033,1205,1803,1827]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" pagination="133 - 137" refId="ref7353" refString="LOURENCO, W. R. 2019. Nouvelles considerations sur les Leiurus collectes dans la region du Tibesti, Tchad description nouvelle espece (Scorpiones: Buthidae). Revista Iberica de Aracnologia, 34: 133 - 137." type="journal article" year="2019">Lourenço, 2019</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, from 
<collectingCountry id="14D4764EFFE9FFD7FB3A232EFAECF8E7" box="[1275,1334,1803,1827]" name="Chad" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Chad</collectingCountry>
, differs in its uniformly dark coloration, and in having the telson vesicle less bulbous with shallower posterior slope and longer aculeus. Another potential difference for 
<taxonomicName id="ABC34D5DFFE9FFD7FB52234EFB07F846" authorityName="Lourenco" authorityYear="2019" box="[1171,1245,1899,1922]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Leiurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ater">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE9FFD7FB52234EFB78F846" box="[1171,1186,1899,1922]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE9FFD7FB73234EFB07F846" box="[1202,1245,1899,1922]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">ater</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the positioning of pedipalp fixed finger 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE9FFD7FBDB23AEFBEFF867" box="[1050,1077,1931,1955]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">db</emphasis>
distal to 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE9FFD7FB5F23AEFB66F866" box="[1182,1212,1931,1954]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">est</emphasis>
, illustrated in 
<bibRefCitation id="08524B2FFFE9FFD7FA9D23AEFC73F807" author="LOURENCO" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" pagination="133 - 137" refId="ref7353" refString="LOURENCO, W. R. 2019. Nouvelles considerations sur les Leiurus collectes dans la region du Tibesti, Tchad description nouvelle espece (Scorpiones: Buthidae). Revista Iberica de Aracnologia, 34: 133 - 137." type="journal article" year="2019">Lourenço (2019: 137</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 9). However, we find the trichobothrial map in that figure surprising and peculiar because it places 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE9FFD7FA4A23EEFA7CF827" box="[1419,1446,1995,2019]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">db</emphasis>
at a very distal position, some distance distal even to 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFF5FFCBFD6927CBFD61FBC1" box="[680,699,1006,1029]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">et</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFF5FFCBFD0C27CBFD32FBC2" box="[717,744,1006,1030]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">db</emphasis>
is shown at ca. 77% of the distance from base to tip of fixed finger). This condition is an extreme deviation from all other known species of 
<taxonomicName id="ABC34D5DFFF5FFCBFEF9206BFE53FBA1" authorityName=": Vachon" authorityYear="1949" box="[312,393,1102,1125]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Leiurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFF5FFCBFEF9206BFE53FBA1" box="[312,393,1102,1125]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Leiurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which have 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFF5FFCBFDDE206BFDE0FBA2" box="[543,570,1102,1126]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">db</emphasis>
not far from midfinger (range ca. 33–60% of the distance from base to tip) and invariably proximal to 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFF5FFCBFEA820ABFEA6FB61" box="[361,380,1166,1189]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">et</emphasis>
. As a rule, the majority of members of the Old World ‘Buthus’ group (including 
<taxonomicName id="ABC34D5DFFF5FFCBFDAA208BFD66FB01" authorityName=": Vachon" authorityYear="1949" box="[619,700,1198,1221]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Leiurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFF5FFCBFDAA208BFD66FB01" box="[619,700,1198,1221]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Leiurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) have 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFF5FFCBFFB020EBFF56FB22" box="[113,140,1230,1254]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">db</emphasis>
proximal to 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFF5FFCBFEE520EBFEEDFB21" box="[292,311,1230,1253]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">et</emphasis>
. We find that 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFF5FFCBFE1E20EBFE20FB22" box="[479,506,1230,1254]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">db</emphasis>
attains a position level with, or scarcely distal to 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFF5FFCBFE4620CBFE40FAC1" box="[391,410,1262,1285]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">et</emphasis>
, in only a few cases (e. g. certain 
<taxonomicName id="ABC34D5DFFF5FFCBFFB0212BFF30FAE1" box="[113,234,1294,1317]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Hottentotta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFF5FFCBFFB0212BFF30FAE1" box="[113,234,1294,1317]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Hottentotta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. with more elongated fingers). In fact, the fixed finger configuration shown in 
<bibRefCitation id="08524B2FFFF5FFCBFE31210BFD45FA82" author="LOURENCO" box="[496,671,1326,1350]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" pagination="133 - 137" refId="ref7353" refString="LOURENCO, W. R. 2019. Nouvelles considerations sur les Leiurus collectes dans la region du Tibesti, Tchad description nouvelle espece (Scorpiones: Buthidae). Revista Iberica de Aracnologia, 34: 133 - 137." type="journal article" year="2019">Lourenço (2019</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 9) is characteristic of New World genera 
<taxonomicName id="ABC34D5DFFF5FFCBFE3B216BFDE0FAA1" authorityName="C.L.Koch" authorityYear="1836" box="[506,570,1358,1381]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Tityus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFF5FFCBFE3B216BFDE0FAA1" box="[506,570,1358,1381]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Tityus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="ABC34D5DFFF5FFCBFDB0216BFD27FAA2" box="[625,765,1358,1382]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Centruroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFF5FFCBFDB0216BFD27FAA2" box="[625,765,1358,1382]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Centruroides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, not of Palaearctid buthids. We prefer to leave this character unscored until it can be independently confirmed.
</paragraph>
<caption id="38BC6656FFE8FFD6FFB023F8FB1BF830" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648472" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4648472" box="[113,1217,2013,2036]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4648472/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" startId="15.[113,190,2013,2035]" targetBox="[114,1475,234,1995]" targetPageId="15">
<paragraph id="6C7C36DEFFE8FFD6FFB023F8FB1BF830" blockId="15.[113,1217,2013,2036]" box="[113,1217,2013,2036]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE8FFD6FFB023F8FEDAF837" bold="true" box="[113,256,2013,2035]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Figures 84–85</emphasis>
: 
<taxonomicName id="ABC34D5DFFE8FFD6FECC23FBFE12F837" authority="Kovařík &amp; Lowe, 2020" authorityName="Kovařík &amp; Lowe" authorityYear="2020" box="[269,456,2014,2035]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Leiurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gubanensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE8FFD6FECC23FBFE12F837" box="[269,456,2014,2035]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Leiurus gubanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="458457B7FFE8FFD6FE0F23FBFDD9F837" box="[462,515,2014,2035]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" rank="species">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE8FFD6FE0F23FBFE3FF837" bold="true" box="[462,485,2014,2035]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">sp</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFE8FFD6FE3023FBFE24F837" bold="true" box="[497,510,2014,2035]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">n</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, 18SF, male holotype (84) and female paratopotype (85) in vivo habitus.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="38BC6656FFF7FFC9FFB523FAFB64F831" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648474" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4648474" box="[116,1214,2015,2037]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4648474/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="15" startId="16.[116,193,2015,2037]" targetBox="[115,1472,232,1997]" targetPageId="16">
<paragraph id="6C7C36DEFFF7FFC9FFB523FAFB64F831" blockId="16.[116,1214,2015,2037]" box="[116,1214,2015,2037]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFF7FFC9FFB523FAFED9F830" bold="true" box="[116,259,2015,2037]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">Figures 86–87</emphasis>
: 
<taxonomicName id="ABC34D5DFFF7FFC9FECE23FAFE11F830" authority="Kovařík &amp; Lowe, 2020" authorityName="Kovařík &amp; Lowe" authorityYear="2020" box="[271,459,2015,2036]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Leiurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="16" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gubanensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFF7FFC9FECE23FAFE11F830" box="[271,459,2015,2036]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">Leiurus gubanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="458457B7FFF7FFC9FE1023FAFDDCF830" box="[465,518,2015,2036]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15" rank="species">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFF7FFC9FE1023FAFE32F830" bold="true" box="[465,488,2015,2036]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">sp</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFF7FFC9FE3223FAFDDAF830" bold="true" box="[499,512,2015,2036]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">n</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, 11SG, male subadult paratype (86) in vivo habitus and its locality (87).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="38BC6656FFF6FFC8FFB723E7FE32F831" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648476" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4648476" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4648476/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" startId="17.[118,195,1986,2008]" targetBox="[113,1474,232,1969]" targetPageId="17">
<paragraph id="6C7C36DEFFF6FFC8FFB723E7FE32F831" blockId="17.[118,1476,1986,2037]" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFF6FFC8FFB723E7FEDDF813" bold="true" box="[118,263,1986,2008]" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Figures 88–89</emphasis>
: 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFF6FFC8FED723E7FEA0F813" bold="true" box="[278,378,1986,2008]" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Figure 88</emphasis>
. Distribution of 
<taxonomicName id="ABC34D5DFFF6FFC8FDE023E6FD05F813" authority="Kovařík &amp; Lowe, 2020" authorityName="Kovařík &amp; Lowe" authorityYear="2020" box="[545,735,1986,2008]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Leiurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gubanensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFF6FFC8FDE023E6FD05F813" box="[545,735,1986,2008]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Leiurus gubanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="458457B7FFF6FFC8FD2623E6FCC4F81C" box="[743,798,1987,2008]" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" rank="species">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFF6FFC8FD2623E6FD24F81C" bold="true" box="[743,766,1987,2008]" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">sp</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFF6FFC8FCCD23E6FCC3F81C" bold="true" box="[780,793,1987,2008]" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">n</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, 
<taxonomicName id="ABC34D5DFFF6FFC8FCEF23E6FC04F81C" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1828" box="[814,990,1987,2008]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Androctonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quinquestriatus">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFF6FFC8FCEF23E6FC04F81C" box="[814,990,1987,2008]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">L. quinquestriatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="ABC34D5DFFF6FFC8FBD323E6FB54F813" authorityName="Lourenco &amp; Rossi" authorityYear="2016" box="[1042,1166,1986,2008]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Leiurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="somalicus">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFF6FFC8FBD323E6FB54F813" box="[1042,1166,1986,2008]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">L. somalicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the region. 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFF6FFC8FAE323E7FA5CF813" bold="true" box="[1314,1414,1986,2008]" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Figure 89</emphasis>
. Type locality (18SF) of 
<taxonomicName id="ABC34D5DFFF6FFC8FEE723C5FE76F830" authority="Kovařík &amp; Lowe, 2020" authorityName="Kovařík &amp; Lowe" authorityYear="2020" box="[294,428,2015,2037]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Leiurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gubanensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFF6FFC8FEE723C5FE76F830" box="[294,428,2015,2037]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">L. gubanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="458457B7FFF6FFC8FE7323FAFE32F831" box="[434,488,2015,2037]" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" rank="species">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFF6FFC8FE7323FAFE13F830" bold="true" box="[434,457,2015,2036]" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">sp</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFF6FFC8FE1523FAFE3BF830" bold="true" box="[468,481,2015,2036]" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">n</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="38BC6656FFF5FFCBFFB0276AFB23FC1C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648478" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4648478" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4648478/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" startId="18.[113,190,847,869]" targetBox="[131,1466,247,795]" targetPageId="18">
<paragraph id="6C7C36DEFFF5FFCBFFB0276AFB23FC1C" blockId="18.[113,1472,847,984]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFF5FFCBFFB0276AFEDBFCA0" bold="true" box="[113,257,847,869]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Figures 90–91</emphasis>
: Scaling of relative size of median ocular tubercle with relative size of median eyes in the genus 
<taxonomicName id="ABC34D5DFFF5FFCBFB6C2775FB2CFCA1" authorityName=": Vachon" authorityYear="1949" box="[1197,1270,848,869]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Leiurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFF5FFCBFB6C2775FB2CFCA1" box="[1197,1270,848,869]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Leiurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Ordinates of 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFF5FFCBFA40276AFA50FCA0" bold="true" box="[1409,1418,847,868]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">s</emphasis>
catter plots are the ratio median ocular tubercle width/ carapace L, and abscissas are the ratio median eye diameter/ carapace L, in males (90) and females (91). Plotted symbols represent measurements from a single sample of each species, extracted or estimated from published images and data, or from our own material. Lines are least squares regression fits, and the corresponding correlation coeeficients R, and P-values are indicated. In both sexes, 
<taxonomicName id="ABC34D5DFFF5FFCBFEA127E6FE3FFC13" authority="Kovařík &amp; Lowe, 2020" authorityName="Kovařík &amp; Lowe" authorityYear="2020" box="[352,485,962,984]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Leiurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gubanensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFF5FFCBFEA127E6FEB7FC1C" box="[352,365,963,984]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFF5FFCBFEB827E7FE3FFC13" box="[377,485,962,983]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">gubanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="458457B7FFF5FFCBFE2A27E7FDFBFC1C" box="[491,545,962,984]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" rank="species">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFF5FFCBFE2A27E7FDD8FC13" bold="true" box="[491,514,962,983]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">sp</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFF5FFCBFDCF27E7FDC1FC13" bold="true" box="[526,539,962,983]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">n</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
is well separated from other species in having the largest eyes in the genus.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="6C7C36DEFFF5FFCBFF60218BFAE4F962" blockId="18.[113,772,1006,2022]" lastBlockId="18.[816,1475,1006,1702]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
An additional, new character that sets 
<taxonomicName id="ABC34D5DFFF5FFCBFDF0218BFD19FA02" authority="Kovařík &amp; Lowe, 2020" authorityName="Kovařík &amp; Lowe" authorityYear="2020" box="[561,707,1454,1478]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Leiurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gubanensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFF5FFCBFDF0218BFD9AFA01" box="[561,576,1454,1477]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFF5FFCBFD8A218BFD19FA02" box="[587,707,1454,1478]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">gubanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="458457B7FFF5FFCBFD09218BFCD9FA01" box="[712,771,1454,1478]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" rank="species">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFF5FFCBFD09218BFD3BFA02" bold="true" box="[712,737,1454,1478]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">sp</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFF5FFCBFD2F218BFD27FA02" bold="true" box="[750,765,1454,1478]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">n</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
apart from other known species of 
<taxonomicName id="ABC34D5DFFF5FFCBFE2921EBFDE3FA21" authorityName=": Vachon" authorityYear="1949" box="[488,569,1486,1509]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Leiurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFF5FFCBFE2921EBFDE3FA21" box="[488,569,1486,1509]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Leiurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the prominently large size of both the median ocular tubercle and the median eyes. In relative terms, the ratio of median eye diameter (
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFF5FFCBFD1E222BFD28F9E1" box="[735,754,1550,1573]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">D</emphasis>
)/ midline carapace L was 
<specimenCount id="7AC5FD57FFF5FFCBFE41220BFE4EF981" box="[384,404,1582,1605]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
0.126, 
<specimenCount id="7AC5FD57FFF5FFCBFE2A220BFE25F981" box="[491,511,1582,1605]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
0.122, which exceeded the corresponding ratios of all other species (range 0.72– 0.111, both sexes). Remarkably, absolute diameters of adult 
<taxonomicName id="ABC34D5DFFF5FFCBFFB022ABFED0F962" authority="Kovařík &amp; Lowe, 2020" authorityName="Kovařík &amp; Lowe" authorityYear="2020" box="[113,266,1678,1702]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Leiurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gubanensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFF5FFCBFFB022ABFF5AF961" box="[113,128,1678,1701]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFF5FFCBFF5322ABFED0F962" box="[146,266,1678,1702]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">gubanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="458457B7FFF5FFCBFED722ABFE8DF961" box="[278,343,1678,1702]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" rank="species">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFF5FFCBFED722ABFEF5F962" bold="true" box="[278,303,1678,1702]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">sp</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFF5FFCBFE8022ABFE8AF962" bold="true" box="[321,336,1678,1702]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">n</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFF5FFCBFEAB22ABFEA7F961" box="[362,381,1678,1701]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">D</emphasis>
= 
<quantity id="AB3B9B3BFFF5FFCBFE6222ABFDDCF961" box="[419,518,1678,1702]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.6" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="0.96">0.96 mm</quantity>
<specimenCount id="7AC5FD57FFF5FFCBFDD322ABFDF2F961" box="[530,552,1678,1701]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
, 
<quantity id="AB3B9B3BFFF5FFCBFDF922ABFD41F961" box="[568,667,1678,1702]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.19" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="1.19">1.19 mm</quantity>
<specimenCount id="7AC5FD57FFF5FFCBFD6622ABFD63F962" box="[679,697,1678,1702]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
) were also greater than in all other species, even though many of the others have larger body sizes and longer carapace lengths. Eye sensitivity is proportional to the square of the entrance pupil diameter (
<bibRefCitation id="08524B2FFFF5FFCBFEDF232BFE47F8E2" author="LAND" box="[286,413,1806,1830]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" refId="ref7218" refString="LAND, M. F. 1981. Optics and vision in invertebrates. Pp. 471 - 592 in Antrum, H. (ed). Handbook of Sensory Physiology. VIII / 6 B. Springer: Berlin-Heidelberg-New York." type="journal volume" year="1981">Land, 1981</bibRefCitation>
), which in scorpion median eyes is determined by eye diameter. In 
<taxonomicName id="ABC34D5DFFF5FFCBFE31230BFD52F882" authority="Kovařík &amp; Lowe, 2020" authorityName="Kovařík &amp; Lowe" authorityYear="2020" box="[496,648,1838,1862]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Leiurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gubanensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFF5FFCBFE31230BFE25F881" box="[496,511,1838,1861]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFF5FFCBFDD1230BFD52F882" box="[528,648,1838,1862]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">gubanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="458457B7FFF5FFCBFD53230BFD0BF881" box="[658,721,1838,1862]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" rank="species">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFF5FFCBFD53230BFD71F882" bold="true" box="[658,683,1838,1862]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">sp</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFF5FFCBFD7D230BFD11F882" bold="true" box="[700,715,1838,1862]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">n</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, the value of 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFF5FFCBFF18236BFF36F8A1" box="[217,236,1870,1893]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">D</emphasis>
<superScript id="9BB69B96FFF5FFCBFF2D2369FF2EF89E" attach="left" box="[236,244,1868,1882]" fontSize="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">2</superScript>
surpasses that of other 
<taxonomicName id="ABC34D5DFFF5FFCBFE3E236BFD8AF8A1" authorityName=": Vachon" authorityYear="1949" box="[511,592,1870,1893]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Leiurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFF5FFCBFE3E236BFD8AF8A1" box="[511,592,1870,1893]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Leiurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. by factors of: 
<specimenCount id="7AC5FD57FFF5FFCBFF5D234BFF6AF841" box="[156,176,1902,1925]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
1.37–2.95, 
<specimenCount id="7AC5FD57FFF5FFCBFEFB234BFE94F841" box="[314,334,1902,1925]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
1.56–3.39. At a given focal length, a wider aperture means the lens f-number (focal length/ 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFF5FFCBFD0D23ABFD05F861" box="[716,735,1934,1957]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">D</emphasis>
) is proportionately decreased, which improves light collection. In 
<taxonomicName id="ABC34D5DFFF5FFCBFFB023EBFE86F822" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[113,348,1998,2022]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Androctonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFF5FFCBFFB023EBFE86F822" box="[113,348,1998,2022]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Androctonus australis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFF5FFCBFEA823EBFEA6F821" box="[361,380,1998,2021]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">D</emphasis>
~ 
<quantity id="AB3B9B3BFFF5FFCBFE5623EBFE32F821" box="[407,488,1998,2022]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
and f-number is estimated to be &lt;0.5, which contributes to high sensitivity (
<bibRefCitation id="08524B2FFFF5FFCBFAA127CBFC26FBE2" author="FLEISSNER" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" refId="ref6862" refString="FLEISSNER, G. &amp; G. FLEISSNER. 1985. Neurobiology of a circadian clock in the visual system of scorpions. Pp. 351 - 375 in Barth, F. G. (ed). Neurobiology of Arachnids. Springer-Verlag: Berlin-Heidelberg-New York-Tokyo." type="book" year="1985">Fleissner &amp; Fleissner, 1985</bibRefCitation>
). At the same focal length, the aperture of ca. 
<quantity id="AB3B9B3BFFF5FFCBFC40200BFC1CFB81" box="[897,966,1070,1094]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
in 
<taxonomicName id="ABC34D5DFFF5FFCBFC39200BFB49FB82" authority="Kovařík &amp; Lowe, 2020" authorityName="Kovařík &amp; Lowe" authorityYear="2020" box="[1016,1171,1070,1094]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Leiurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gubanensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFF5FFCBFC39200BFBDDFB81" box="[1016,1031,1070,1093]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFF5FFCBFBDA200BFB49FB82" box="[1051,1171,1070,1094]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">gubanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="458457B7FFF5FFCBFB60200BFB3FFB81" box="[1185,1253,1070,1094]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" rank="species">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFF5FFCBFB60200BFB60FB82" bold="true" box="[1185,1210,1070,1094]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">sp</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFF5FFCBFB11200BFB05FB82" bold="true" box="[1232,1247,1070,1094]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">n</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
could theoretically yield an f-number &lt;0.25. However, focal length may vary across species. In 
<taxonomicName id="ABC34D5DFFF5FFCBFC32204BFB52FB42" authority="Kovařík &amp; Lowe, 2020" authorityName="Kovařík &amp; Lowe" authorityYear="2020" box="[1011,1160,1134,1158]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Leiurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gubanensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFF5FFCBFC32204BFBD8FB41" box="[1011,1026,1134,1157]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFF5FFCBFBD1204BFB52FB42" box="[1040,1160,1134,1158]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">gubanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="458457B7FFF5FFCBFB4E204BFB17FB41" box="[1167,1229,1134,1158]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" rank="species">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFF5FFCBFB4E204BFB72FB42" bold="true" box="[1167,1192,1134,1158]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">sp</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFF5FFCBFB76204BFB1CFB42" bold="true" box="[1207,1222,1134,1158]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">n</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
the relative size of the median ocular tubercle, measured by the ratio of its width/ midline carapace L, was 
<specimenCount id="7AC5FD57FFF5FFCBFB93208BFBBCFB01" box="[1106,1126,1198,1221]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
0.352, 
<specimenCount id="7AC5FD57FFF5FFCBFB03208BFB0CFB01" box="[1218,1238,1198,1221]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
0.339, and this was greater than in other species which varied over a range of 
<geoCoordinate id="09F75019FFF5FFCBFCF120CBFCB6FAC2" box="[816,876,1262,1286]" degrees="0.250" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" precision="55" value="0.25">0.250</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="09F75019FFF5FFCBFCAD20CBFC6CFAC2" box="[876,950,1262,1286]" degrees="0.310" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" precision="55" value="-0.31">–0.310</geoCoordinate>
(both sexes). Median ocular tubercle relative width was interspecifically correlated with eye diameter 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFF5FFCBFA53212BFA7FFAE1" box="[1426,1445,1294,1317]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">D</emphasis>
in both males (R = 0.903, P &lt;0.0001) and females (R = 0.644, P = 0.018) (
<figureCitation id="F4F82A5BFFF5FFCBFC79216BFBE5FAA2" box="[952,1087,1358,1382]" captionStart="Figures 90–91" captionStartId="18.[113,190,847,869]" captionTargetBox="[131,1466,247,795]" captionTargetId="figure-131@18.[113,1474,234,812]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figures 90–91: Scaling of relative size of median ocular tubercle with relative size of median eyes in the genus Leiurus. Ordinates of scatter plots are the ratio median ocular tubercle width/ carapace L, and abscissas are the ratio median eye diameter/ carapace L, in males (90) and females (91). Plotted symbols represent measurements from a single sample of each species, extracted or estimated from published images and data, or from our own material. Lines are least squares regression fits, and the corresponding correlation coeeficients R, and P-values are indicated. In both sexes, L. gubanensis sp. n. is well separated from other species in having the largest eyes in the genus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648478" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4648478/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Figs. 90–91</figureCitation>
). This suggests that spheroidal eye volume within the tubercle, and probably also focal length, scales up with increasing eye diameter across different taxa, to maintain a roughly constant f-number. Retinal area would scale up accordingly, as would eye sensitivity if the retinular units or their component photoreceptors increased in size. Alternatively, if retinular units are of fixed size, then their number must increase and this will enhance spatial resolution. Endowed with median eyes having superior light sensitivity and/ or image acuity, 
<taxonomicName id="ABC34D5DFFF5FFCBFBDF224BFB6EF942" authority="Kovařík &amp; Lowe, 2020" authorityName="Kovařík &amp; Lowe" authorityYear="2020" box="[1054,1204,1646,1670]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Leiurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gubanensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFF5FFCBFBDF224BFBF7F941" box="[1054,1069,1646,1669]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFF5FFCBFBFD224BFB6EF942" box="[1084,1204,1646,1670]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">gubanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="458457B7FFF5FFCBFB7C224BFB21F941" box="[1213,1275,1646,1670]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" rank="species">
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFF5FFCBFB7C224BFB0CF942" bold="true" box="[1213,1238,1646,1670]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">sp</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFF5FFCBFB27224BFB2FF942" bold="true" box="[1254,1269,1646,1670]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">n</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
may be unique in possessing the best nocturnal vision in the genus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6C7C36DEFFF5FFCAFCF122EBFF74FC27" blockId="18.[816,1474,1742,2022]" lastBlockId="19.[113,772,235,995]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
<author id="B47EDE3BFFF5FFCBFCF122EBFA9EF922" box="[816,1348,1742,1766]" case="AC" fns="*" inm="true" npo="*" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">COMMENTS ON LOCALITIES AND LIFE STRATEGY</author>
. 
<title id="1EC7DDE8FFF5FFCBFA9B22EBFC5BF8C2" jopScore="0.070185624" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">The type locality</title>
, 
<journalOrPublisher id="B6023C12FFF5FFCAFC5922CBFF11FE87" jopScore="0.48878" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" type="_" typeScore="44">
18SF is at foothills, bordering between sandy semidesert and rocky terrain (
<figureCitation id="F4F82A5BFFF5FFCBFBB5232BFB1CF8E2" box="[1140,1222,1806,1830]" captionStart="Figures 88–89" captionStartId="17.[118,195,1986,2008]" captionTargetBox="[113,1474,232,1969]" captionTargetId="figure-45@17.[113,1474,229,1969]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figures 88–89: Figure 88. Distribution of Leiurus gubanensis sp. n., L. quinquestriatus and L. somalicus in the region. Figure 89. Type locality (18SF) of L. gubanensis sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648476" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4648476/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Fig. 89</figureCitation>
). Type specimens were recorded at night during UV collecting on rocks together with 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFF5FFCBFCF1236BFB99F8A2" box="[816,1091,1870,1894]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Compsobuthus maidensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="08524B2FFFF5FFCBFB8A236BFB3DF8A2" author="KOVARIK" box="[1099,1255,1870,1894]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" pagination="1 - 11" refId="ref7095" refString="KOVARIK, F. 2018. Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida, Scorpiones). Part XVI. Compsobuthus maidensis sp. n. (Buthidae) from Somalia. Euscorpius, 260: 1 - 11." type="journal article" year="2018">Kovařík, 2018</bibRefCitation>
and 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFF5FFCBFAE1236BFA18F8A2" box="[1312,1474,1870,1894]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Orthochiroides</emphasis>
cf. 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFF5FFCBFC94234BFC73F842" box="[853,937,1902,1926]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">vachoni</emphasis>
Kovařík, 1998. The morphological characters of 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFF5FFCBFCF123ABFCE5F861" box="[816,831,1934,1957]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFF5FFCBFC9123ABFC12F862" box="[848,968,1934,1958]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">gubanensis</emphasis>
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFF5FFCBFC1323ABFC31F862" bold="true" box="[978,1003,1934,1958]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">sp</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFF5FFCBFC3A23ABFBD0F862" bold="true" box="[1019,1034,1934,1958]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">n</emphasis>
., including long slender pedipalps, legs and metasoma, and low numbers of basitarsal macrosetae, are consistent with lithophile ecomorphotypes characteristic of rocky habitats. However, the species was also found in sandy semidesert on the sea shore ca 
<quantity id="AB3B9B3BFFF4FFCAFE0E252FFDD2FEE7" box="[463,520,266,291]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
from the type locality (locality
</journalOrPublisher>
No. 17SN, fig. 
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<bibRefCitation id="08524B2FFFF4FFCAFE66250EFD80FE87" author="KOVARIK" box="[423,602,299,323]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 11" refId="ref7095" refString="KOVARIK, F. 2018. Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida, Scorpiones). Part XVI. Compsobuthus maidensis sp. n. (Buthidae) from Somalia. Euscorpius, 260: 1 - 11." type="journal article" year="2018">Kovařík, 2018: 8</bibRefCitation>
) at night during UV collecting, together with 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFF4FFCAFE77256EFD80FEA7" box="[438,602,331,355]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">Gint maidensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="08524B2FFFF4FFCAFDA5256EFF7CFE47" author="KOVARIK" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 11" refId="ref7095" refString="KOVARIK, F. 2018. Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida, Scorpiones). Part XVI. Compsobuthus maidensis sp. n. (Buthidae) from Somalia. Euscorpius, 260: 1 - 11." type="journal article" year="2018">Kovařík et al., 2018</bibRefCitation>
(type locality), 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFF4FFCAFE93254EFDB8FE47" box="[338,610,363,387]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">Compsobuthus maidensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="08524B2FFFF4FFCAFDA8254EFCD9FE47" author="KOVARIK" box="[617,771,363,387]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 11" refId="ref7095" refString="KOVARIK, F. 2018. Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida, Scorpiones). Part XVI. Compsobuthus maidensis sp. n. (Buthidae) from Somalia. Euscorpius, 260: 1 - 11." type="journal article" year="2018">Kovařík, 2018</bibRefCitation>
(type locality), 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFF4FFCAFEE225AEFDD7FE67" box="[291,525,395,419]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">Neobuthus maidensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="08524B2FFFF4FFCAFDDB25AEFCD9FE67" author="KOVARIK" box="[538,771,395,419]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 11" refId="ref7095" refString="KOVARIK, F. 2018. Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida, Scorpiones). Part XVI. Compsobuthus maidensis sp. n. (Buthidae) from Somalia. Euscorpius, 260: 1 - 11." type="journal article" year="2018">Kovařík et al., 2018</bibRefCitation>
(type locality), 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFF4FFCAFEE1258EFDFDFE06" box="[288,551,427,451]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">Parabuthus granimanus</emphasis>
Pocock, 1895, and 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFF4FFCAFFB025EEFF30FE26" box="[113,234,459,482]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">Hottentotta</emphasis>
sp. Both of these sites are very hot with daytime temperatures around 50 ºC. We (FK) visited both localities only at night. At 21:00 h the air temperature was 38.6 ºC and the humidity 52%. Minimum nighttime temperature of 31.9 ºC and humidity of 46% were recorded in the early morning. The locality 11SG (
<figureCitation id="F4F82A5BFFF4FFCAFE8C264EFE44FD47" box="[333,414,619,643]" captionStart="Figures 86–87" captionStartId="16.[116,193,2015,2037]" captionTargetBox="[115,1472,232,1997]" captionTargetId="figure-37@16.[115,1474,229,1997]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figures 86–87: Leiurus gubanensis sp. n., 11SG, male subadult paratype (86) in vivo habitus and its locality (87)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4648474" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4648474/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">Fig. 87</figureCitation>
) is sandy to rocky desert in the vicinity of Berbera in northwestern Somaliland, also in the Guban area, whose southern edge lies in close proximity to the Goolis and Ogo Mountain Range. This low-lying area is extremely warm and dry. July temperatures at the locality were ca 50°C during the day and 35–40°C at night. We collected in this locality during the day and recorded from there a paratype of 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFF4FFCAFE83276EFDFEFCA7" box="[322,548,843,867]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">Hemiscorpius novaki</emphasis>
Kovařík &amp; Mazuch, 
<year id="186B778DFFF4FFCAFFB0274EFF7FFC47" box="[113,165,875,899]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">2011</year>
(fig. 
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Kovařík &amp; Mazuch, 
<part id="18679C43FFF4FFCAFDC4274EFDE7FC47" box="[517,573,875,899]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" type="volume">2011</part>
: 
<pagination id="550AC82AFFF4FFCAFD88274EFD8DFC47" box="[585,599,875,899]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" type="pagination">3</pagination>
), as well as the species 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFF4FFCAFF0A27AEFE09FC66" box="[203,467,907,931]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">Parabuthus granimanus</emphasis>
Pocock, 1895, 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFF4FFCAFD4B27AEFF39FC07" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">Hottentotta polystictus</emphasis>
(Pocock, 1896), and 
<emphasis id="5EB7EACCFFF4FFCAFE0A278EFD65FC07" box="[459,703,939,963]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">Neobuthus berberensis</emphasis>
Hirst, 1911.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>