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<document id="D78B103E2DECFA3A5E96F8DD5A2CED3F" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4175.6.2" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4175.6.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4d8dc727-a74e-4544-92b3-983d3635d559" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="255258" ID-ZooBank="8676D18F-E27A-4255-BF1F-BBD72496844D" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1476861368587" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Hestetun, Jon T., Pomponi, Shirley A. &amp; Rapp, Hans Tore" docDate="2016" docId="E45573195101FFC9F3E5FE72FBF7FA44" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4175.6.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4175 (6)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Chondrocladia (Chondrocladia) verticillata Topsent 1920" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="535" masterDocId="186C0B615106FFC7F372FFE0FFC4FFF1" masterDocTitle="The cladorhizid fauna (Porifera, Poecilosclerida) of the Caribbean and adjacent waters" masterLastPageNumber="538" masterPageNumber="521" pageNumber="528" updateTime="1698390110342" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="C9853834F8A7B679FF564DFAD2A2B8B8">The cladorhizid fauna (Porifera, Poecilosclerida) of the Caribbean and adjacent waters</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="AEE4A79C50A7FB484AED6E242D010B2E">Hestetun, Jon T.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="45DA2CE0A68F153257577BA1F7D8B1BC">Pomponi, Shirley A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D682A8EEDDE7C19FF3CF66392ED8D97D">Rapp, Hans Tore</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="DFB1C058AD97A9D6A8531B597D48A827">2016</mods:date>
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<treatment id="E45573195101FFC9F3E5FE72FBF7FA44" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5617716" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124996551" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5617716" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E45573195101FFC9F3E5FE72FBF7FA44" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E45573195101FFC9F3E5FE72FBF7FA44" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="535" pageId="7" pageNumber="528">
<subSubSection id="24E691845101FFC0F3E5FE72FE42FE3F" pageId="7" pageNumber="528" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="6C43C20F5101FFC0F3E5FE72FC92FE5D" blockId="7.[151,854,402,462]" box="[151,854,402,428]" pageId="7" pageNumber="528">
<heading id="370B75635101FFC0F3E5FE72FC92FE5D" bold="true" box="[151,854,402,428]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="528" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="ABFCB98C5101FFC0F3E5FE72FC92FE5D" ID-CoL="69ZFX" authority="Topsent, 1920" authorityName="Topsent" authorityYear="1920" box="[151,854,402,428]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="528" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="verticillata" subGenus="Chondrocladia">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D5101FFC0F3E5FE72FC92FE5D" bold="true" box="[151,854,402,428]" pageId="7" pageNumber="528">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D5101FFC0F3E5FE72FD66FE5D" bold="true" box="[151,674,402,428]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="528">Chondrocladia (Chondrocladia) verticillata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="086DBFFE5101FFC0F1D8FE72FC92FE5D" author="Topsent" box="[682,854,402,428]" pageId="7" pageNumber="528" refString="Topsent, E. (1920) Spongiaires du Musee Zoologique de Strasbourg. Monaxonides. Bulletin de l'Institut oceanographique, 1920, 1 - 36." type="journal article" year="1920">Topsent, 1920</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6C43C20F5101FFC0F3E5FE55FE42FE3F" blockId="7.[151,854,402,462]" box="[151,390,437,462]" pageId="7" pageNumber="528">
(
<figureCitation id="F4C7DE8A5101FFC0F3ECFE55FED9FE3F" box="[158,285,437,462]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 5" captionStart-1="FIGURE 6" captionStart-2="FIGURE 7" captionStartId-0="9.[151,250,1912,1934]" captionStartId-1="10.[151,250,1732,1754]" captionStartId-2="11.[151,250,1733,1755]" captionTargetBox-0="[185,1389,193,1872]" captionTargetBox-1="[191,1396,193,1709]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1421,517,1712]" captionTargetId-0="figure@9.[185,1390,193,1873]" captionTargetId-1="figure@10.[191,1396,193,1710]" captionTargetId-2="figure@11.[151,1437,517,1712]" captionTargetPageId-0="9" captionTargetPageId-1="10" captionTargetPageId-2="11" captionText-0="FIGURE 5. Chondrocladia (Chondrocladia) verticillata. A – B) In situ pictures of specimen HBOM 003: 01095, C) specimen HBOM 003: 01095, D) stem detail with branches from specimen HBOM 003: 01095, E) specimen ZMBN 39 (“ Blake ” st. 161 Ag, Guadeloupe), F) specimen USNM 975 “ Blake ” st. 163 Ag, Guadeloupe), G) specimen USNM 31180 (“ Alaminos ” st 65 A 9 – 2, Between Florida and Cuba)." captionText-1="FIGURE 6. Chondrocladia (Chondrocladia) verticillata. A) Node detail from USNM 975, B) terminal branch swelling from HBOM 003: 01095, C) longitudinal section of stem and base of branch from USNM 31180, D) cross section of stem from USNM 31180, E) mycalostyle 1, F) mycalostyle 2, G) acanthostyles, H) anchorate isochela 1, I) anchorate isochela 2, J) sigma. Spicule SEM images from specimen ZMBN 39." captionText-2="FIGURE 7. Chondrocladia (Chondrocladia) concrescens. (A – B) Facsimile from Schmidt (1880) Pl. X, Fig. 8 – 9 showing two specimens identified as C. (C.) concrescens. Possibly (B) is C. (C.) verticillata. (C – D) Re-drawing of spicule morphology of C. (C.) concrescens from Topsent (1920) Fig. 3 showing the long teeth of the smaller type of chela (D)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/255263/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/255264/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/255265/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="528">Figure 5–7</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="217EF7B45101FFC0F25BFE55FEB9FE3F" box="[297,381,437,462]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,239,400,423]" captionTargetBox="[157,1422,450,1367]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="TABLE 2. Spicule size comparison between Chondrocladia (C.) verticillata and C. (C.) concrescens." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/38839287510EFFCFF3E5FE70FB17FE56" pageId="7" pageNumber="528" tableUuid="38839287510EFFCFF3E5FE70FB17FE56">Table 2</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="24E691845101FFC0F3E5FE1DFEBDFDAF" pageId="7" pageNumber="528" type="description">
<paragraph id="6C43C20F5101FFC0F3E5FE1DFC55FDE7" blockId="7.[151,1437,509,2010]" box="[151,913,509,534]" pageId="7" pageNumber="528">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D5101FFC0F3E5FE1DFE54FDE7" bold="true" box="[151,400,509,534]" pageId="7" pageNumber="528">Original description.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="ABFCB98C5101FFC0F2E5FE1DFC49FDE7" authority="Topsent, 1920:12" authorityName="Topsent" authorityPageNumber="12" authorityYear="1920" box="[407,909,509,534]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="528" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="verticillata">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D5101FFC0F2E5FE1DFD05FDE4" box="[407,705,509,533]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="528">Chondrocladia verticillata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="086DBFFE5101FFC0F1BAFE1EFCA8FDE7" author="Topsent" box="[712,876,510,534]" pageId="7" pageNumber="528" refString="Topsent, E. (1920) Spongiaires du Musee Zoologique de Strasbourg. Monaxonides. Bulletin de l'Institut oceanographique, 1920, 1 - 36." type="journal article" year="1920">Topsent, 1920</bibRefCitation>
:12
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6C43C20F5101FFC0F3B5FDC1FEBDFDAF" blockId="7.[151,1437,509,2010]" pageId="7" pageNumber="528">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D5101FFC0F3B5FDC1FE30FDCB" bold="true" box="[199,500,545,570]" pageId="7" pageNumber="528">Synonoms and citations.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="ABFCB98C5101FFC0F172FDC1FCD6FDC8" box="[512,786,545,569]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Cladorhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="528" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="concrescens">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D5101FFC0F172FDC1FCD6FDC8" box="[512,786,545,569]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="528">Cladorhiza concrescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in part (
<bibRefCitation id="086DBFFE5101FFC0F0F2FDC1FB96FDC8" author="Schmidt" box="[896,1106,545,570]" pageId="7" pageNumber="528" refString="Schmidt, O. (1880) Die Spongien des Meerbusen von Mexico (Und des caraibischen Meeres). Heft II. Abtheilung II. Hexactinelliden. Abtheilung III. Tetractinelliden. Monactinelliden und Anhang. Nachtrage zu Abtheilung I (Lithistiden). In: Reports on the dredging under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz, in the Gulf of Mexico, by the USCSS ' Blake'. Gustav Fischer, Jena, pp. 33 - 90, pls. V - X." type="book chapter" year="1880">Schmidt, 1880:83</bibRefCitation>
);
<taxonomicName id="ABFCB98C5101FFC0F71EFDC1FEBDFDAF" authority="Topsent, 1930:430" authorityName="Topsent" authorityPageNumber="430" authorityYear="1930" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="528" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="verticillata">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D5101FFC0F71EFDC1FA58FDC8" box="[1132,1436,545,569]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="528">Chondrocladia verticillata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="086DBFFE5101FFC0F3ECFDA6FEB5FDAF" author="Topsent" box="[158,369,582,606]" pageId="7" pageNumber="528" refString="Topsent, E. (1930) Chondrocladia yatsui n. sp., de la Baie de Sagami. Annotationes zoologicae japonenses, 1930, 421 - 432." type="journal article" year="1930">Topsent, 1930:430</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="24E691845101FFC0F3B5FD89FE61FBA7" pageId="7" pageNumber="528" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="6C43C20F5101FFC0F3B5FD89FDDFFC1B" blockId="7.[151,1437,509,2010]" pageId="7" pageNumber="528">
<materialsCitation id="DC94C8525101FFC0F3B5FD89FDF3FD57" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1323872820" collectingDate="1879-01-19" collectionCode="ZMBN" country="Guadeloupe" county="Ag" elevation="1342" latitude="16.0445" location="Material" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="-61.841167" municipality="Blake" pageId="7" pageNumber="528" specimenCode="ZMBN 39" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Coast">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D5101FFC0F3B5FD89FE73FD73" bold="true" box="[199,439,617,642]" pageId="7" pageNumber="528">
<location id="692394D45101FFC0F3B5FD89FEEBFD73" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E45573195101FFC9F3E5FE72FBF7FA44:692394D45101FFC0F3B5FD89FEEBFD73" box="[199,303,617,642]" country="Guadeloupe" county="Ag" latitude="16.0445" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="-61.841167" municipality="Blake" name="Material" pageId="7" pageNumber="528" stateProvince="Coast">Material</location>
examined.
</emphasis>
U.S.
<collectingRegion id="AE380CED5101FFC0F171FD8AFD87FD73" box="[515,579,618,642]" country="New Zealand" name="West Coast" pageId="7" pageNumber="528">Coast</collectingRegion>
Survey, str. “
<collectingMunicipality id="8C2758755101FFC0F199FD89FCF6FD73" box="[747,818,617,642]" pageId="7" pageNumber="528">Blake</collectingMunicipality>
”, st. 162
<collectingCounty id="8522BA835101FFC0F0DFFD8AFC16FD73" box="[941,978,618,642]" pageId="7" pageNumber="528">Ag</collectingCounty>
,
<specimenCode id="3C5A6A745101FFC0F091FD8AFB93FD73" box="[995,1111,618,642]" collectionCode="ZMBN" country="Norway" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/0tqf-efed" name="Museum of Zoology at the University of Bergen, Invertebrate Collection" pageId="7" pageNumber="528">
<collectionCode id="0AED5ACA5101FFC0F091FD8AFBF0FD70" box="[995,1076,618,641]" country="Norway" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/0tqf-efed" name="Museum of Zoology at the University of Bergen, Invertebrate Collection" pageId="7" pageNumber="528">ZMBN</collectionCode>
39
</specimenCode>
(
<collectingCountry id="14EB829F5101FFC0F71EFD89FB3CFD73" box="[1132,1272,617,642]" name="Guadeloupe" pageId="7" pageNumber="528">Guadeloupe</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingDate id="08061D275101FFC0F67BFD8AFA53FD73" box="[1289,1431,618,642]" pageId="7" pageNumber="528" value="1879-01-19">
<date id="1842E4CF5101FFC0F67BFD8AFA53FD73" box="[1289,1431,618,642]" pageId="7" pageNumber="528" value="1879-01-19">1879–01–19</date>
</collectingDate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="09C8A4C85101FFC0F3E5FD6DFED9FD57" box="[151,285,653,678]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="528" precision="9" value="16.0445">16°02.67’N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="09C8A4C85101FFC0F25EFD6DFE00FD57" box="[300,452,653,678]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="528" precision="9" value="-61.841167">061°50.47’W</geoCoordinate>
,
<elevation id="E7D1253C5101FFC0F2A0FD6EFDEBFD57" box="[466,559,654,678]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3419999999999999" pageId="7" pageNumber="528" unit="m" value="1342.0">
<quantity id="AB046FEA5101FFC0F2A0FD6EFDEBFD57" box="[466,559,654,678]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3419999999999999" pageId="7" pageNumber="528" unit="m" value="1342.0">1342 m</quantity>
</elevation>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="DC94C8525101FFC0F137FD6DFA9BFCAB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1323872819" collectionCode="ZMBN" country="Grenada" location="Blake station" pageId="7" pageNumber="528" specimenCode="ZMBN 39" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Smith">
This specimen, probably sent to the Bergen Museum by Schmidt, is most likely part of the material given as “
<collectingCountry id="14EB829F5101FFC0F15BFD51FD49FD3B" box="[553,653,689,714]" name="Grenada" pageId="7" pageNumber="528">Grenada</collectingCountry>
, 533 bis 734 Faden” in the original description of
<taxonomicName id="ABFCB98C5101FFC0F7B2FD51FE24FD1F" authority="Schmidt, 1880" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1880" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="528" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="concrescens" subGenus="Chondrocladia">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D5101FFC0F7B2FD51FEDBFD1C" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="528">Chondrocladia (C.) concrescens</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="086DBFFE5101FFC0F25CFD35FE1CFD1F" author="Schmidt" box="[302,472,725,750]" pageId="7" pageNumber="528" refString="Schmidt, O. (1880) Die Spongien des Meerbusen von Mexico (Und des caraibischen Meeres). Heft II. Abtheilung II. Hexactinelliden. Abtheilung III. Tetractinelliden. Monactinelliden und Anhang. Nachtrage zu Abtheilung I (Lithistiden). In: Reports on the dredging under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz, in the Gulf of Mexico, by the USCSS ' Blake'. Gustav Fischer, Jena, pp. 33 - 90, pls. V - X." type="book chapter" year="1880">Schmidt, 1880</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. The closest matches to this information in the
<location id="692394D45101FFC0F088FD35FB4AFD1F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E45573195101FFC9F3E5FE72FBF7FA44:692394D45101FFC0F088FD35FB4AFD1F" box="[1018,1166,725,750]" country="Grenada" name="Blake station" pageId="7" pageNumber="528" stateProvince="Smith">Blake station</location>
list are the stations 161 Ag and 162 Ag, given as off
<collectingCountry id="14EB829F5101FFC0F280FD19FDB8FCE3" box="[498,636,761,786]" name="Guadeloupe" pageId="7" pageNumber="528">Guadeloupe</collectingCountry>
, at 583 and 734 fathoms respectively (
<bibRefCitation id="086DBFFE5101FFC0F730FD19FA98FCE3" author="Smith" box="[1090,1372,761,786]" pageId="7" pageNumber="528" refString="Smith, S. &amp; Rathbun, R. (1888) Lists of Dredging Stations in North American Waters from 1867 to 1887 [Extracted from the Annual Report of the Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries for 1886]. Government Printing Office, Washington, 144 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 52030" type="book" year="1888">
<collectingRegion id="AE380CED5101FFC0F730FD19FB43FCE3" box="[1090,1159,761,786]" country="Bermuda" name="Smith's" pageId="7" pageNumber="528">Smith</collectingRegion>
&amp; Rathbun, 1888
</bibRefCitation>
), and presumably there has been a misattribution to
<collectingCountry id="14EB829F5101FFC0F1D6FCFDFCC7FCC7" box="[676,771,797,822]" name="Grenada" pageId="7" pageNumber="528">Grenada</collectingCountry>
as well as a transcription error in the depth of station 161. This is corroborated by the label of specimen
<specimenCode id="3C5A6A745101FFC0F1D3FCA2FCDCFCAB" box="[673,792,834,858]" collectionCode="ZMBN" country="Norway" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/0tqf-efed" name="Museum of Zoology at the University of Bergen, Invertebrate Collection" pageId="7" pageNumber="528">
<collectionCode id="0AED5ACA5101FFC0F1D3FCA2FD36FCA8" box="[673,754,834,857]" country="Norway" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/0tqf-efed" name="Museum of Zoology at the University of Bergen, Invertebrate Collection" pageId="7" pageNumber="528">ZMBN</collectionCode>
39
</specimenCode>
, which states the collection locality as
<collectingCountry id="14EB829F5101FFC0F7A6FCA1FA9BFCAB" box="[1236,1375,833,858]" name="Guadeloupe" pageId="7" pageNumber="528">Guadeloupe</collectingCountry>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="DC94C8525101FFC0F619FCA2FF7DFC53" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1323872822" collectingDate="1879-01-20" collectionCode="USNM" country="Guadeloupe" elevation="1406" latitude="16.052776" location="Blake" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-61.87222" municipality="Ag" pageId="7" pageNumber="528" specimenCode="USNM 975" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Coast">
U.S.
<collectingRegion id="AE380CED5101FFC0F3E5FC86FF13FC8F" box="[151,215,870,894]" country="New Zealand" name="West Coast" pageId="7" pageNumber="528">Coast</collectingRegion>
Survey, str. “
<location id="692394D45101FFC0F207FC85FE78FC8F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E45573195101FFC9F3E5FE72FBF7FA44:692394D45101FFC0F207FC85FE78FC8F" box="[373,444,869,894]" country="Guadeloupe" latitude="16.052776" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-61.87222" municipality="Ag" name="Blake" pageId="7" pageNumber="528" stateProvince="Coast">Blake</location>
”, st. 163
<collectingMunicipality id="8C2758755101FFC0F15EFC86FD95FC8F" box="[556,593,870,894]" pageId="7" pageNumber="528">Ag</collectingMunicipality>
,
<specimenCode id="3C5A6A745101FFC0F12DFC86FD25FC8F" box="[607,737,869,894]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="7" pageNumber="528">
<collectionCode id="0AED5ACA5101FFC0F12DFC86FD74FC8F" box="[607,688,870,894]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="7" pageNumber="528">USNM</collectionCode>
975
</specimenCode>
(
<collectingCountry id="14EB829F5101FFC0F181FC85FCBBFC8F" box="[755,895,869,894]" name="Guadeloupe" pageId="7" pageNumber="528">Guadeloupe</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingDate id="08061D275101FFC0F0FEFC86FBDFFC8F" box="[908,1051,870,894]" pageId="7" pageNumber="528" value="1879-01-20">
<date id="1842E4CF5101FFC0F0FEFC86FBDFFC8F" box="[908,1051,870,894]" pageId="7" pageNumber="528" value="1879-01-20">1879–01–20</date>
</collectingDate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="09C8A4C85101FFC0F75BFC85FB6BFC8F" box="[1065,1199,869,894]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="528" precision="15" value="16.052776">16°03'10&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="09C8A4C85101FFC0F7CCFC85FA92FC8F" box="[1214,1366,869,894]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="528" precision="15" value="-61.87222">061°52'20&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
,
<elevation id="E7D1253C5101FFC0F616FC85FF75FC53" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.406" pageId="7" pageNumber="528" unit="m" value="1406.0">
<quantity id="AB046FEA5101FFC0F616FC85FF75FC53" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.406" pageId="7" pageNumber="528" unit="m" value="1406.0">1406 m</quantity>
</elevation>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="DC94C8525101FFC0F3BFFC6AFEBDFC37" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1323872824" collectingDate="1965-02-07" collectionCode="USNM" country="Cuba" elevation="1000" latitude="24.0" location="Alaminos" longLatPrecision="1253" longitude="-81.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="528" specimenCode="USNM 31180" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Florida">
R/V “
<location id="692394D45101FFC0F267FC69FE42FC53" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E45573195101FFC9F3E5FE72FBF7FA44:692394D45101FFC0F267FC69FE42FC53" box="[277,390,905,930]" country="Cuba" latitude="24.0" longLatPrecision="1253" longitude="-81.0" name="Alaminos" pageId="7" pageNumber="528" stateProvince="Florida">Alaminos</location>
” 65A, st. 65A9–2,
<specimenCode id="3C5A6A745101FFC0F1F1FC6AFCE4FC53" box="[643,800,906,930]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="7" pageNumber="528">
<collectionCode id="0AED5ACA5101FFC0F1F1FC6AFD10FC53" box="[643,724,906,930]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="7" pageNumber="528">USNM</collectionCode>
31180
</specimenCode>
(Between
<collectingRegion id="AE380CED5101FFC0F0D9FC69FC38FC53" box="[939,1020,905,930]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="7" pageNumber="528">Florida</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingCountry id="14EB829F5101FFC0F736FC69FB46FC53" box="[1092,1154,905,930]" name="Cuba" pageId="7" pageNumber="528">Cuba</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingDate id="08061D275101FFC0F7E4FC69FAE1FC53" box="[1174,1317,905,930]" pageId="7" pageNumber="528" value="1965-02-07">
<date id="1842E4CF5101FFC0F7E4FC69FAE1FC53" box="[1174,1317,905,930]" pageId="7" pageNumber="528" value="1965-02-07">1965–07–02</date>
</collectingDate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="09C8A4C85101FFC0F64BFC6AFA53FC53" box="[1337,1431,906,930]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="528" precision="925" value="24.0">24°00'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="09C8A4C85101FFC0F3E5FC4EFECCFC37" box="[151,264,942,966]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="528" precision="925" value="-81.0">081°00'W</geoCoordinate>
,
<elevation id="E7D1253C5101FFC0F267FC4EFEB5FC37" box="[277,369,942,966]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="528" unit="m" value="1000.0">
<quantity id="AB046FEA5101FFC0F267FC4EFEB5FC37" box="[277,369,942,966]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="528" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</quantity>
</elevation>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="DC94C8525101FFC0F2F4FC4DFDD3FC1B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1323872818" collectingDate="2011-09-19" collectionCode="ROV, HBOM" country="Cuba" elevation="779" latitude="24.661833" location="Pulley Ridge" longLatPrecision="12" longitude="-83.918" pageId="7" pageNumber="528" specimenCode="HBOM 003" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Florida">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D5101FFC0F2F4FC4DFE34FC34" box="[390,496,941,965]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="528">
<taxonomicName id="ABFCB98C5101FFC0F2F4FC4DFE1DFC34" box="[390,473,941,965]" class="Imbricatea" family="Krakenidae" genus="Kraken" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Krakenida" pageId="7" pageNumber="528" phylum="Cercozoa" rank="genus">Kraken</taxonomicName>
2
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="0AED5ACA5101FFC0F288FC4EFDF0FC37" box="[506,564,942,966]" country="Italy" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15413" name="Museo Civico di Rovereto" pageId="7" pageNumber="528">ROV</collectionCode>
, specimen
<specimenCode id="3C5A6A745101FFC0F1C7FC4EFCFAFC37" box="[693,830,941,966]" collectionCode="HBOM" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9iye-t14j" name="Harbor Branch Oceanographic Museum" pageId="7" pageNumber="528">
<collectionCode id="0AED5ACA5101FFC0F1C7FC4EFCCDFC37" box="[693,777,942,966]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9iye-t14j" name="Harbor Branch Oceanographic Museum" pageId="7" pageNumber="528">HBOM</collectionCode>
003
</specimenCode>
:01095 (
<collectingRegion id="AE380CED5101FFC0F0EEFC4DFC35FC37" box="[924,1009,941,966]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="7" pageNumber="528">Florida</collectingRegion>
, south of
<location id="692394D45101FFC0F714FC4DFB39FC37" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E45573195101FFC9F3E5FE72FBF7FA44:692394D45101FFC0F714FC4DFB39FC37" box="[1126,1277,941,966]" country="Cuba" latitude="24.661833" longLatPrecision="12" longitude="-83.918" name="Pulley Ridge" pageId="7" pageNumber="528" stateProvince="Florida">Pulley Ridge</location>
,
<collectingDate id="08061D275101FFC0F678FC4EFA5CFC37" box="[1290,1432,942,966]" pageId="7" pageNumber="528" value="2011-09-19">
<date id="1842E4CF5101FFC0F678FC4EFA5CFC37" box="[1290,1432,942,966]" pageId="7" pageNumber="528" value="2011-09-19">2011–09–19</date>
</collectingDate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="09C8A4C85101FFC0F3E5FC32FEDDFC1B" box="[151,281,978,1002]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="528" precision="9" value="24.661833">24°39.71'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="09C8A4C85101FFC0F256FC31FE7CFC1B" box="[292,440,977,1002]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="528" precision="9" value="-83.918">083°55.08'W</geoCoordinate>
,
<elevation id="E7D1253C5101FFC0F2B1FC32FDCAFC1B" box="[451,526,978,1002]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.79" pageId="7" pageNumber="528" unit="m" value="779.0">
<quantity id="AB046FEA5101FFC0F2B1FC32FDCAFC1B" box="[451,526,978,1002]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.79" pageId="7" pageNumber="528" unit="m" value="779.0">779 m</quantity>
</elevation>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6C43C20F5101FFC0F3B5FC15FE61FBA7" blockId="7.[151,1437,509,2010]" pageId="7" pageNumber="528">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D5101FFC0F3B5FC15FD9FFBFF" bold="true" box="[199,603,1013,1038]" pageId="7" pageNumber="528">Comparative material examined.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="ABFCB98C5101FFC0F114FC15FBB1FBFF" authority="Hansen, 1885" authorityName="Hansen" authorityYear="1885" box="[614,1141,1013,1038]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="528" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="gigantea" subGenus="Chondrocladia">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D5101FFC0F114FC15FC70FBFC" box="[614,948,1013,1037]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="528">Chondrocladia (C.) gigantea</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="086DBFFE5101FFC0F0BAFC16FBA8FBFF" author="Hansen" box="[968,1132,1013,1038]" pageId="7" pageNumber="528" refString="Hansen, G. A. (1885) Spongiadae. The Norwegian North-Atlantic Expedition 1876 - 1878, 1885, 1 - 26, pls. I - VII." type="journal article" year="1885">Hansen, 1885</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="ABFCB98C5101FFC0F7F7FC16FF1FFBC3" authority="Verrill, 1879" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1879" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="528" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="grandis" subGenus="Chondrocladia">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D5101FFC0F7F7FC16FAFDFBFC" box="[1157,1337,1013,1037]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="528">C. (C.) grandis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="086DBFFE5101FFC0F63EFC15FF17FBC3" author="Verrill" pageId="7" pageNumber="528" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1879) Notice of recent additions to the marine invertebrates of the northeastern coast of America, with descriptions of new genera and species, and critical remarks. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 2, 165 - 205." type="journal article" year="1879">Verrill, 1879</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="ABFCB98C5101FFC0F394FBFAFDB2FBC3" authority="Arnesen, 1920" authorityName="Arnesen" authorityYear="1920" box="[230,630,1049,1074]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="528" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="michaelsarsi" subGenus="Chondrocladia">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D5101FFC0F394FBFAFE0DFBC0" box="[230,457,1049,1073]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="528">C. (C.) michaelsarsi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="086DBFFE5101FFC0F2BDFBFAFDB2FBC3" author="Arnesen" box="[463,630,1050,1074]" pageId="7" pageNumber="528" refString="Arnesen, E. (1920) Spongia. In: Report on the Scientific Results of the &quot; Michael Sars &quot; North Atlantic Deep-Sea Expedition, 1910. John Grieg, Bergen, pp. 1 - 29." type="journal article" year="1920">Arnesen, 1920</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="ABFCB98C5101FFC0F1F3FBFAFA80FBC3" authority="Cristobo, Rios, Pomponi &amp; Xavier, 2015" authorityName="Cristobo, Rios, Pomponi &amp; Xavier" authorityYear="2015" box="[641,1348,1049,1074]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="528" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="robertballardi" subGenus="Chondrocladia">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D5101FFC0F1F3FBFAFCB6FBC0" box="[641,882,1049,1073]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="528">C. (C.) robertballardi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="086DBFFE5101FFC0F00BFBF9FA80FBC3" author="Cristobo" box="[889,1348,1049,1074]" pageId="7" pageNumber="528" refString="Cristobo, F. J., Rios, P., Pomponi, S. A. &amp; Xavier, J. R. (2015) A new carnivorous sponge, Chondrocladia robertballardi sp. nov. (Porifera: Cladorhizidae) from two north - east Atlantic seamounts. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 95, 1345 - 1352. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315414001325" type="journal article" year="2015">Cristobo, Rios, Pomponi &amp; Xavier, 2015</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="ABFCB98C5101FFC0F63DFBFAFE64FBA7" authority="Thomson, 1873" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1873" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="528" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="virgata" subGenus="Chondrocladia">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D5101FFC0F63DFBFAFF23FBA4" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="528">C. (C.) virgata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="086DBFFE5101FFC0F39CFBDDFE64FBA7" author="Thomson" box="[238,416,1085,1110]" pageId="7" pageNumber="528" refString="Thomson, W. C. (1873) The Depths of the Sea. Macmillan and Co., London, 686 pp." type="book" year="1873">Thomson, 1873</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="24E691845101FFC0F3B5FB81FBA1FAFB" pageId="7" pageNumber="528" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="6C43C20F5101FFC0F3B5FB81FBA1FAFB" blockId="7.[151,1437,509,2010]" pageId="7" pageNumber="528">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D5101FFC0F3B5FB81FE85FB8B" bold="true" box="[199,321,1121,1146]" pageId="7" pageNumber="528">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Erect
<taxonomicName id="ABFCB98C5101FFC0F2F8FB81FDF7FB88" box="[394,563,1121,1145]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="528" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D5101FFC0F2F8FB81FDF7FB88" box="[394,563,1121,1145]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="528">Chondrocladia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
consisting of a single straight stem. The upper part of the stem contains nodelike enlargements at regular intervals from which branches issue in each direction from the stem, typically in groups of four per node. Branches have terminal swellings. Megascleres are two categories of mycalostyles and acanthostyles; microscleres are larger anchorate anisochelae in the range of 41–(65)–78 µm, smaller anchorate anisochelae in the range of 13–(18)–34 µm and sigmas in the range of 16–(20)–27 µm.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="24E691845101FFCFF3B5FAF5FF2AF825" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="529" pageId="7" pageNumber="528" type="description">
<paragraph id="6C43C20F5101FFC0F3B5FAF5FD3FF8F3" blockId="7.[151,1437,509,2010]" pageId="7" pageNumber="528">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D5101FFC0F3B5FAF5FE9DFADF" bold="true" box="[199,345,1301,1326]" pageId="7" pageNumber="528">Description.</emphasis>
The examined specimens all have a similar morphology consisting of an erect, single, and straight cylindrical stem carrying lateral projections except for a short lower portion at the base. Specimens are all fragments, lacking either the basal or top part. The largest and best preserved specimen (HBOM 003:01095) is
<quantity id="AB046FEA5101FFC0F619FABDFF7DFA68" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" pageId="7" pageNumber="528" unit="cm" value="19.5">19.5 cm</quantity>
long (
<quantity id="AB046FEA5101FFC0F278FA61FE91FA68" box="[266,341,1409,1434]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="528" unit="cm" value="25.0">25 cm</quantity>
at time of collection before removal of part of the specimen for subsampling). The smallest fragment is
<quantity id="AB046FEA5101FFC0F26FFA46FE90FA4C" box="[285,340,1446,1470]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="528" unit="cm" value="4.0">4 cm</quantity>
long. The lower part of the stem, up to
<quantity id="AB046FEA5101FFC0F062FA45FC8CFA4C" box="[784,840,1445,1470]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="528" unit="cm" value="6.0">6 cm</quantity>
long in fragment USNM 975, is
<quantity id="AB046FEA5101FFC0F7C8FA46FAD3FA4C" box="[1210,1303,1446,1470]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="528" unit="mm" value="3.0" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.0">2–4 mm</quantity>
in diameter and without projections. The main part of the stem is slightly wider,
<quantity id="AB046FEA5101FFC0F0BBFA29FBEFFA10" box="[969,1067,1481,1506]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="528" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="3.0">3–6 mm</quantity>
in diameter, and has numerous nodular swellings at regular intervals spaced
<quantity id="AB046FEA5101FFC0F1C7FA0DFCE2F9F4" box="[693,806,1517,1542]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="528" unit="mm" value="7.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="5.0">5–10 mm</quantity>
apart serving as attachment for the projections. The projections are up to
<quantity id="AB046FEA5101FFC0F2F4F9F2FE12F9D8" box="[390,470,1554,1578]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="528" unit="mm" value="40.0">40 mm</quantity>
long, but more typically
<quantity id="AB046FEA5101FFC0F187F9F2FC42F9D8" box="[757,902,1553,1578]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="528" unit="mm" value="22.5" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="20.0">20 to 25 mm</quantity>
in length, and are
<quantity id="AB046FEA5101FFC0F729F9F2FB59F9D8" box="[1115,1181,1554,1578]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="528" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
in diameter. There are four projections per node equally distributed every 90° around the stem, with the projections of adjacent nodes offset about 45°. The projections terminate in swellings that are inflated
<emphasis id="5E881E1D5101FFC0F083F9BAFBFEF980" box="[1009,1082,1626,1649]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="528">in situ</emphasis>
, but are deflated in preserved specimens. The main stem is mostly covered in a soft outer layer coated with fine sediment particles also present at the base of the processes, creating a sleeve-like transition. Specimen USNM 31180 retains a partial base, showing that the sponge is connected to the substrate by splitting off the basal stem into several root-like processes. Color in ethanol ranges from white to light brown (
<figureCitation id="F4C7DE8A5101FFC0F103F909FD76F8F3" box="[625,690,1769,1794]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1912,1934]" captionTargetBox="[185,1389,193,1872]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[185,1390,193,1873]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Chondrocladia (Chondrocladia) verticillata. A – B) In situ pictures of specimen HBOM 003: 01095, C) specimen HBOM 003: 01095, D) stem detail with branches from specimen HBOM 003: 01095, E) specimen ZMBN 39 (“ Blake ” st. 161 Ag, Guadeloupe), F) specimen USNM 975 “ Blake ” st. 163 Ag, Guadeloupe), G) specimen USNM 31180 (“ Alaminos ” st 65 A 9 – 2, Between Florida and Cuba)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255263/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="528">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
A–H).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6C43C20F5101FFCFF3B5F8EDFBD0FF24" blockId="7.[151,1437,509,2010]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,151,357]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="529" pageId="7" pageNumber="528">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D5101FFC0F3B5F8EDFEF1F8D7" bold="true" box="[199,309,1805,1830]" pageId="7" pageNumber="528">Skeleton.</emphasis>
The core skeleton of the main stem is made up of easily visible fibers of mycalostyles in a slightly spiraling pattern reminiscent of a rope, though this torsion is less pronounced than in other
<taxonomicName id="ABFCB98C5101FFC0F7E9F8D1FA80F8B8" box="[1179,1348,1841,1865]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="528" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D5101FFC0F7E9F8D1FA80F8B8" box="[1179,1348,1841,1865]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="528">Chondrocladia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species such as
<taxonomicName id="ABFCB98C5101FFC0F384F8B6FE77F89C" box="[246,435,1878,1901]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="528" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="gigantea" subGenus="Chondrocladia">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D5101FFC0F384F8B6FE77F89C" box="[246,435,1878,1901]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="528">C. (C.) gigantea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The outer layer of the lower stem is soft, easily detaches from the central stem, and contains subtly spined acanthostyles. The outer layer of the upper stem is firmer. Between the core stem and the outer layer there is a less dense lacunose layer containing only small amounts of megascleres and containing longitudinal canals, parts of the modified aquiferous system present in the sponge. The skeleton of the branch processes is made up of tightly packed mycalostyles and originates in the central part of the main stem (
<figureCitation id="F4C7DE8A510EFFCFF644FF77FABDFF41" box="[1334,1401,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1732,1754]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,193,1709]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[191,1396,193,1710]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Chondrocladia (Chondrocladia) verticillata. A) Node detail from USNM 975, B) terminal branch swelling from HBOM 003: 01095, C) longitudinal section of stem and base of branch from USNM 31180, D) cross section of stem from USNM 31180, E) mycalostyle 1, F) mycalostyle 2, G) acanthostyles, H) anchorate isochela 1, I) anchorate isochela 2, J) sigma. Spicule SEM images from specimen ZMBN 39." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255264/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
A– D). Microscleres are found throughout the outer layer of the stem and branches.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6C43C20F510EFFCFF3B5FF3FFB56FEEC" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,357]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510EFFCFF3B5FF3FFE21FF09" bold="true" box="[199,485,223,248]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">Spicules. Mycalostyles 1</emphasis>
, straight, fusiform, 728–(1606)–2815 µm long, 13–(27)–38 µm wide. Most common in the branch processes rather than the central stem, but present in both locations (
<figureCitation id="F4C7DE8A510EFFCFF75CFEE4FBB5FEEC" box="[1070,1137,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1732,1754]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,193,1709]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[191,1396,193,1710]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Chondrocladia (Chondrocladia) verticillata. A) Node detail from USNM 975, B) terminal branch swelling from HBOM 003: 01095, C) longitudinal section of stem and base of branch from USNM 31180, D) cross section of stem from USNM 31180, E) mycalostyle 1, F) mycalostyle 2, G) acanthostyles, H) anchorate isochela 1, I) anchorate isochela 2, J) sigma. Spicule SEM images from specimen ZMBN 39." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255264/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
E).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6C43C20F510EFFCFF3B5FEC7FE0FFE94" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,357]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510EFFCFF3B5FEC7FEB2FEB1" bold="true" box="[199,374,295,320]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">Mycalostyles 2</emphasis>
, straight or curved, making up the main part of the central stem, 420–(589)–1240 µm long, 9– (15)–27 µm wide (
<figureCitation id="F4C7DE8A510EFFCFF21BFEACFE68FE94" box="[361,428,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1732,1754]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,193,1709]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[191,1396,193,1710]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Chondrocladia (Chondrocladia) verticillata. A) Node detail from USNM 975, B) terminal branch swelling from HBOM 003: 01095, C) longitudinal section of stem and base of branch from USNM 31180, D) cross section of stem from USNM 31180, E) mycalostyle 1, F) mycalostyle 2, G) acanthostyles, H) anchorate isochela 1, I) anchorate isochela 2, J) sigma. Spicule SEM images from specimen ZMBN 39." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255264/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
F).
</paragraph>
<caption id="38839287510EFFCFF3E5FE70FB17FE56" ID-Table-UUID="38839287510EFFCFF3E5FE70FB17FE56" box="[151,1235,399,423]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/38839287510EFFCFF3E5FE70FB17FE56" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" targetBox="[157,1422,450,1367]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="6C43C20F510EFFCFF3E5FE70FB17FE56" blockId="8.[151,1235,399,423]" box="[151,1235,399,423]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510EFFCFF3E5FE70FEC7FE56" bold="true" box="[151,259,400,423]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">TABLE 2</emphasis>
. Spicule size comparison between
<taxonomicName id="ABFCB98C510EFFCFF108FE6FFC03FE56" box="[634,967,399,423]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="verticillata" subGenus="Chondrocladia">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510EFFCFF108FE6FFCDEFE56" box="[634,794,399,423]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">Chondrocladia</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510EFFCFF058FE70FCF8FE56" box="[810,828,400,423]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">C</emphasis>
.)
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510EFFCFF020FE6FFC03FE56" box="[850,967,399,423]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">verticillata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="ABFCB98C510EFFCFF088FE70FB0FFE56" box="[1018,1227,400,423]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="concrescens" subGenus="Chondrocladia">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510EFFCFF088FE70FBC8FE56" box="[1018,1036,400,423]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">C</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510EFFCFF750FE70FBF0FE56" box="[1058,1076,400,423]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">C</emphasis>
.)
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510EFFCFF738FE70FB0FFE56" box="[1098,1227,400,423]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">concrescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="6C43C20F510EFFCFF20AFE22FA93FAEB" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">
<table id="1EFC30AF510E0038F3EFFE22FA4AFAA6" box="[157,1422,450,1367]" gridcols="6" gridrows="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">
<tr id="D2CCC04D510E0038F3EFFE22FA4AFE06" box="[157,1422,450,503]" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">
<th id="911DA931510E0038F3EFFE22FD84FE06" box="[157,576,450,503]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">Mycalostyles 1</th>
<th id="911DA931510E0038F125FE22FCC4FE06" box="[599,768,450,503]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">Mycalostyles 2</th>
<th id="911DA931510E0038F063FE22FC69FE06" box="[785,941,450,503]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">Acanthostyles</th>
<th id="911DA931510E0038F0B5FE22FBA0FE06" box="[967,1124,450,503]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">Anchorate isochelae 1</th>
<th id="911DA931510E0038F707FE22FAC7FE06" box="[1141,1283,450,503]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">Anchorate isochelae 2</th>
<th id="911DA931510E0038F66AFE22FA4AFE06" box="[1304,1422,450,503]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">Sigmas</th>
</tr>
<taxonomicName id="ABFCB98C510EFFCFF3EFFDEAFEEFFDBB" authority="Topsent, 1920" authorityName="Topsent" authorityYear="1920" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="verticillata" subGenus="Chondrocladia">
<tr id="D2CCC04D510E0038F3EFFDEAFA4AFDD1" box="[157,1422,522,544]" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<th id="911DA931510E0038F3EFFDEAFD84FDD1" box="[157,576,522,544]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510EFFCFF3EFFDEAFE1DFDD1" box="[157,473,522,544]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">Chondrocladia (C.) verticillata</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="D2CCC04D510E0038F3EFFDD4FA4AFD76" box="[157,1422,564,647]" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">
<th id="911DA931510E0038F3EFFDD4FD84FD76" box="[157,576,564,647]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">Topsent, 1920/1930 No measurements given</th>
<td id="911DA931510E0038F125FDD4FCC4FD76" box="[599,768,564,647]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">No measurements given</td>
<td id="911DA931510E0038F063FDD4FC69FD76" box="[785,941,564,647]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">370–450 x 3–5</td>
<td id="911DA931510E0038F0B5FDD4FBA0FD76" box="[967,1124,564,647]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">73–80 / 60–74, 6 (7) teeth</td>
<td id="911DA931510E0038F707FDD4FAC7FD76" box="[1141,1283,564,647]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">21–25, 5–6 teeth</td>
<td id="911DA931510E0038F66AFDD4FA4AFD76" box="[1304,1422,564,647]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">17–30, sparse</td>
</tr>
</taxonomicName>
<tr id="D2CCC04D510E0038F3EFFD7AFA4AFD41" box="[157,1422,666,688]" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<th id="911DA931510E0038F3EFFD7AFD84FD41" box="[157,576,666,688]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">This article</th>
</tr>
<tr id="D2CCC04D510E0038F3EFFD24FA4AFCE6" box="[157,1422,708,791]" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">
<th id="911DA931510E0038F3EFFD24FD84FCE6" box="[157,576,708,791]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">ZMBN 39 728–(1269)–2258 x 16–(25)–36</th>
<td id="911DA931510E0038F125FD24FCC4FCE6" box="[599,768,708,791]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">449–(543)–674 x 10–(16)–18</td>
<td id="911DA931510E0038F063FD24FC69FCE6" box="[785,941,708,791]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">192–(236)–296</td>
<td id="911DA931510E0038F0B5FD24FBA0FCE6" box="[967,1124,708,791]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">55–(62)–68</td>
<td id="911DA931510E0038F707FD24FAC7FCE6" box="[1141,1283,708,791]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">13–(15)–18</td>
<td id="911DA931510E0038F66AFD24FA4AFCE6" box="[1304,1422,708,791]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">17–(19)–23 (and 47– (58)–68)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D2CCC04D510E0038F3EFFCCAFA4AFCAE" box="[157,1422,810,863]" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">
<th id="911DA931510E0038F3EFFCCAFD84FCAE" box="[157,576,810,863]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">USNM 975 1407–(2107)–2815 x 27–(33)–38</th>
<td id="911DA931510E0038F125FCCAFCC4FCAE" box="[599,768,810,863]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">440–(786)–1259 x 9–(17)–31</td>
<td id="911DA931510E0038F063FCCAFC69FCAE" box="[785,941,810,863]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">260–(376)–500</td>
<td id="911DA931510E0038F0B5FCCAFBA0FCAE" box="[967,1124,810,863]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">58–(61)–66</td>
<td id="911DA931510E0038F707FCCAFAC7FCAE" box="[1141,1283,810,863]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">13–(14)–17</td>
<td id="911DA931510E0038F66AFCCAFA4AFCAE" box="[1304,1422,810,863]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">16–(20)–25</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D2CCC04D510E0038F3EFFC92FA4AFC56" box="[157,1422,882,935]" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">
<th id="911DA931510E0038F3EFFC92FD84FC56" box="[157,576,882,935]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">USNM 31180 1432–(2022)–2346 x 20–(27)–34</th>
<td id="911DA931510E0038F125FC92FCC4FC56" box="[599,768,882,935]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">420–(635)–1240 x 12–(17)–27</td>
<td id="911DA931510E0038F063FC92FC69FC56" box="[785,941,882,935]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">234–(308)–355</td>
<td id="911DA931510E0038F0B5FC92FBA0FC56" box="[967,1124,882,935]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">66–(70)–75</td>
<td id="911DA931510E0038F707FC92FAC7FC56" box="[1141,1283,882,935]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">16–(18)–20</td>
<td id="911DA931510E0038F66AFC92FA4AFC56" box="[1304,1422,882,935]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">16–(18)–22</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D2CCC04D510E0038F3EFFC5AFA4AFC1E" box="[157,1422,954,1007]" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">
<th id="911DA931510E0038F3EFFC5AFD84FC1E" box="[157,576,954,1007]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">HBOM 003:01095 1374–(1680)–1900 x 25–(29)–33</th>
<td id="911DA931510E0038F125FC5AFCC4FC1E" box="[599,768,954,1007]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">447–(664)–1044 x 10–(16)–23</td>
<td id="911DA931510E0038F063FC5AFC69FC1E" box="[785,941,954,1007]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">256–(313)–383</td>
<td id="911DA931510E0038F0B5FC5AFBA0FC1E" box="[967,1124,954,1007]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">41–(68)–78</td>
<td id="911DA931510E0038F707FC5AFAC7FC1E" box="[1141,1283,954,1007]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">16–(26)–34</td>
<td id="911DA931510E0038F66AFC5AFA4AFC1E" box="[1304,1422,954,1007]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">18–(22)–27</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D2CCC04D510E0038F3EFFBE2FA4AFBC6" box="[157,1422,1026,1079]" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">
<th id="911DA931510E0038F3EFFBE2FD84FBC6" box="[157,576,1026,1079]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">Total 728–1606–2815 x 13–(27)–38</th>
<td id="911DA931510E0038F125FBE2FCC4FBC6" box="[599,768,1026,1079]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">420–(589)–1240 x 9–(15)–27</td>
<td id="911DA931510E0038F063FBE2FC69FBC6" box="[785,941,1026,1079]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">192–(310)–500</td>
<td id="911DA931510E0038F0B5FBE2FBA0FBC6" box="[967,1124,1026,1079]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">41–(65)–78, 6 (7) teeth</td>
<td id="911DA931510E0038F707FBE2FAC7FBC6" box="[1141,1283,1026,1079]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">13–(18)–34, 6 (5) teeth</td>
<td id="911DA931510E0038F66AFBE2FA4AFBC6" box="[1304,1422,1026,1079]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">16–(20)–27</td>
</tr>
<taxonomicName id="ABFCB98C510EFFCFF3EFFB94FEF5FB42" authority="Schmidt, 1880" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1880" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="concrescens" subGenus="Chondrocladia">
<tr id="D2CCC04D510E0038F3EFFB94FA4AFB7B" box="[157,1422,1140,1162]" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<th id="911DA931510E0038F3EFFB94FD84FB7B" box="[157,576,1140,1162]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510EFFCFF3EFFB94FE21FB7B" box="[157,485,1140,1162]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">Chondrocladia (C.) concrescens</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="D2CCC04D510E0038F3EFFB7DFA4AFB01" box="[157,1422,1181,1264]" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">
<th id="911DA931510E0038F3EFFB7DFD84FB01" box="[157,576,1181,1264]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">Schmidt, 1880 No measurements given</th>
<td id="911DA931510E0038F125FB7DFCC4FB01" box="[599,768,1181,1264]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">No measurements given</td>
<td id="911DA931510E0038F063FB7DFC69FB01" box="[785,941,1181,1264]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">Not mentioned</td>
<td id="911DA931510E0038F0B5FB7DFBA0FB01" box="[967,1124,1181,1264]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">71–120, 6 teeth</td>
<td id="911DA931510E0038F707FB7DFAC7FB01" box="[1141,1283,1181,1264]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">29–31 long teeth</td>
<td id="911DA931510E0038F66AFB7DFA4AFB01" box="[1304,1422,1181,1264]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">Not mentioned</td>
</tr>
</taxonomicName>
<tr id="D2CCC04D510E0038F3EFFAE4FA4AFAA6" box="[157,1422,1284,1367]" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">
<th id="911DA931510E0038F3EFFAE4FD84FAA6" box="[157,576,1284,1367]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">Topsent, 1920/1930 No measurements given</th>
<td id="911DA931510E0038F125FAE4FCC4FAA6" box="[599,768,1284,1367]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">No measurements given</td>
<td id="911DA931510E0038F063FAE4FC69FAA6" box="[785,941,1284,1367]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">No cover layer in examined specimen</td>
<td id="911DA931510E0038F0B5FAE4FBA0FAA6" box="[967,1124,1284,1367]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">110–130, 6 teeth</td>
<td id="911DA931510E0038F707FAE4FAC7FAA6" box="[1141,1283,1284,1367]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">27–40, 4–6 long teeth</td>
<td id="911DA931510E0038F66AFAE4FA4AFAA6" box="[1304,1422,1284,1367]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">69–97</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6C43C20F510EFFCFF3B5FA24FEC2F9D4" blockId="8.[151,1437,1476,2004]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510EFFCFF3B5FA24FEA9FA2C" bold="true" box="[199,365,1476,1501]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">Acanthostyles</emphasis>
, curved, with very fine knobs or spines that might be difficult to see properly in some specimens, 192–(310)–500 µm. Associated with the soft outer layer of the lower stem and basal part of branches (
<figureCitation id="F4C7DE8A510EFFCFF3EDF9ECFF27F9D4" box="[159,227,1548,1573]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1732,1754]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,193,1709]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[191,1396,193,1710]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Chondrocladia (Chondrocladia) verticillata. A) Node detail from USNM 975, B) terminal branch swelling from HBOM 003: 01095, C) longitudinal section of stem and base of branch from USNM 31180, D) cross section of stem from USNM 31180, E) mycalostyle 1, F) mycalostyle 2, G) acanthostyles, H) anchorate isochela 1, I) anchorate isochela 2, J) sigma. Spicule SEM images from specimen ZMBN 39." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255264/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
G).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6C43C20F510EFFCFF3B5F9CFFEC2F961" blockId="8.[151,1437,1476,2004]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510EFFCFF3B5F9CFFE15F9B9" bold="true" box="[199,465,1583,1608]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">Anchorate isochelae 1</emphasis>
, numerous, with a curved shaft, usually six, sometimes seven teeth in each end and fimbriae. Teeth less than 20% of total spicule length, fimbriae around twice the length of the teeth, 41–(65)–78 µm (
<figureCitation id="F4C7DE8A510EFFCFF3EDF997FF27F961" box="[159,227,1655,1680]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1732,1754]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,193,1709]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[191,1396,193,1710]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Chondrocladia (Chondrocladia) verticillata. A) Node detail from USNM 975, B) terminal branch swelling from HBOM 003: 01095, C) longitudinal section of stem and base of branch from USNM 31180, D) cross section of stem from USNM 31180, E) mycalostyle 1, F) mycalostyle 2, G) acanthostyles, H) anchorate isochela 1, I) anchorate isochela 2, J) sigma. Spicule SEM images from specimen ZMBN 39." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255264/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
H).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6C43C20F510EFFCFF3B5F97CFB75F90C" blockId="8.[151,1437,1476,2004]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510EFFCFF3B5F97CFE0AF944" bold="true" box="[199,462,1692,1717]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">Anchorate isochelae 2</emphasis>
, less numerous than the larger kind, but not uncommon, with a strongly curved shaft, usually six, sometimes five teeth in each end. The points of the teeth are modified into claw-like structures. Fimbriae are rudimentary. Teeth around 25% of total spicule length, 13–(18)–34 µm (
<figureCitation id="F4C7DE8A510EFFCFF727F904FB5EF90C" box="[1109,1178,1764,1789]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1732,1754]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,193,1709]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[191,1396,193,1710]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Chondrocladia (Chondrocladia) verticillata. A) Node detail from USNM 975, B) terminal branch swelling from HBOM 003: 01095, C) longitudinal section of stem and base of branch from USNM 31180, D) cross section of stem from USNM 31180, E) mycalostyle 1, F) mycalostyle 2, G) acanthostyles, H) anchorate isochela 1, I) anchorate isochela 2, J) sigma. Spicule SEM images from specimen ZMBN 39." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255264/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">
Fig.
<date id="1842E4CF510EFFCFF7F8F904FB5EF90C" box="[1162,1178,1764,1789]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">6</date>
</figureCitation>
I).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6C43C20F510EFFCFF3B5F8E7FDF3F899" blockId="8.[151,1437,1476,2004]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510EFFCFF3B5F8E7FED8F8D1" bold="true" box="[199,284,1799,1824]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">Sigmas</emphasis>
, common, stout, with a somewhat uneven curvature and terminal points bent slightly inwards, 16– (20)–27 µm (
<figureCitation id="F4C7DE8A510EFFCFF25EF8CCFEABF8B4" box="[300,367,1836,1861]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1732,1754]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,193,1709]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[191,1396,193,1710]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Chondrocladia (Chondrocladia) verticillata. A) Node detail from USNM 975, B) terminal branch swelling from HBOM 003: 01095, C) longitudinal section of stem and base of branch from USNM 31180, D) cross section of stem from USNM 31180, E) mycalostyle 1, F) mycalostyle 2, G) acanthostyles, H) anchorate isochela 1, I) anchorate isochela 2, J) sigma. Spicule SEM images from specimen ZMBN 39." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255264/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
J). In specimen ZMBN 39 a small number of a second type of sigma was also encountered: 47– (58)–68 µm, possibly contamination.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6C43C20F510EFFCFF3B5F894FF2AF825" blockId="8.[151,1437,1476,2004]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510EFFCFF3B5F894FE7FF87C" bold="true" box="[199,443,1908,1933]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">Molecular sequence.</emphasis>
A COI extended barcode (1215 bp) and partial 28S rDNA (C1–D2, 771 bp) of specimen HBOM 003:01095 has been uploaded to GenBank with accession numbers
<accessionNumber id="73AF5FEC510EFFCFF095F877FBA0F841" box="[999,1124,1943,1968]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KU950333" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">KU950333</accessionNumber>
(COI) and
<accessionNumber id="73AF5FEC510EFFCFF796F877FAA4F841" box="[1252,1376,1943,1968]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KU950334" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">KU950334</accessionNumber>
(28S rDNA).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="38839287510FFFCEF3E5F898FDD7F81B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255263/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="530" targetBox="[185,1389,193,1872]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="6C43C20F510FFFCEF3E5F898FDD7F81B" blockId="9.[151,1436,1912,2026]" pageId="9" pageNumber="530">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510FFFCEF3E5F898FED0F87F" bold="true" box="[151,276,1912,1934]" pageId="9" pageNumber="530">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="ABFCB98C510FFFCEF26EF898FD1FF87F" box="[284,731,1912,1934]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="530" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="verticillata" subGenus="Chondrocladia">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510FFFCEF26EF898FE70F87F" box="[284,436,1912,1934]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="530">Chondrocladia</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510FFFCEF2B6F898FD98F87F" box="[452,604,1912,1934]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="530">Chondrocladia</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510FFFCEF11EF898FD1FF87F" box="[620,731,1912,1934]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="530">verticillata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A–B) In situ pictures of specimen HBOM 003:01095, C) specimen HBOM 003:01095, D) stem detail with branches from specimen HBOM 003:01095, E) specimen ZMBN 39 (“Blake” st. 161 Ag, Guadeloupe), F) specimen USNM 975 “Blake” st. 163 Ag, Guadeloupe), G) specimen USNM 31180 (“Alaminos” st 65A9–2, Between Florida and Cuba).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="38839287510CFFCDF3E5F924FDBBF8C7" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255264/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="531" targetBox="[191,1396,193,1709]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="6C43C20F510CFFCDF3E5F924FDBBF8C7" blockId="10.[151,1436,1732,1846]" pageId="10" pageNumber="531">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510CFFCDF3E5F924FED0F928" bold="true" box="[151,276,1732,1754]" pageId="10" pageNumber="531">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="ABFCB98C510CFFCDF269F924FD1FF92B" box="[283,731,1732,1754]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="10" pageNumber="531" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="verticillata" subGenus="Chondrocladia">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510CFFCDF269F924FE77F92B" box="[283,435,1732,1754]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="531">Chondrocladia</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510CFFCDF2B1F924FD9FF92B" box="[451,603,1732,1754]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="531">Chondrocladia</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510CFFCDF11EF924FD1FF92B" box="[620,731,1732,1754]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="531">verticillata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A) Node detail from USNM 975, B) terminal branch swelling from HBOM 003:01095, C) longitudinal section of stem and base of branch from USNM 31180, D) cross section of stem from USNM 31180, E) mycalostyle 1, F) mycalostyle 2, G) acanthostyles, H) anchorate isochela 1, I) anchorate isochela 2, J) sigma. Spicule SEM images from specimen ZMBN 39.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="24E69184510CFFCBF3B5F882FC20FCC9" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="533" pageId="10" pageNumber="531" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="6C43C20F510CFFCCF3B5F882FE29FE21" blockId="10.[151,1436,1890,2023]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1437,151,464]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="532" pageId="10" pageNumber="531">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510CFFCDF3B5F882FEFFF88A" bold="true" box="[199,315,1890,1915]" pageId="10" pageNumber="531">Remarks.</emphasis>
From its general morphology,
<taxonomicName id="ABFCB98C510CFFCDF1CFF883FBEFF88A" box="[701,1067,1891,1915]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="10" pageNumber="531" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="verticillata" subGenus="Chondrocladia">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510CFFCDF1CFF883FBEFF88A" box="[701,1067,1891,1915]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="531">Chondrocladia (C.) verticillata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a close relative to
<taxonomicName id="ABFCB98C510CFFCDF635F883FE0BF86E" authority="Schmidt, 1880" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1880" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="10" pageNumber="531" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="concrescens" subGenus="Chondrocladia">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510CFFCDF635F883FEDBF86E" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="531">C. (C.) concrescens</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="086DBFFE510CFFCDF255F866FE0BF86E" author="Schmidt" box="[295,463,1926,1951]" pageId="10" pageNumber="531" refString="Schmidt, O. (1880) Die Spongien des Meerbusen von Mexico (Und des caraibischen Meeres). Heft II. Abtheilung II. Hexactinelliden. Abtheilung III. Tetractinelliden. Monactinelliden und Anhang. Nachtrage zu Abtheilung I (Lithistiden). In: Reports on the dredging under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz, in the Gulf of Mexico, by the USCSS ' Blake'. Gustav Fischer, Jena, pp. 33 - 90, pls. V - X." type="book chapter" year="1880">Schmidt, 1880</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, also originally described from the Caribbean. As they are mentioned specifically by Schmidt, specimens from “Blake” stations 41, 130, 161 and 162 Ag should be considered
<typeStatus id="B3477CAD510CFFCDF7CFF84BFADBF832" box="[1213,1311,1963,1987]" pageId="10" pageNumber="531" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="ABFCB98C510CFFCDF639F84BFEDBF816" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="10" pageNumber="531" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="concrescens" subGenus="Chondrocladia">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510CFFCDF639F84BFEDBF816" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="531">C. (C.) concrescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, however, the specimen from station 162 Ag examined here (as well as a specimen from 163 Ag not mentioned by Schmidt) is
<taxonomicName id="ABFCB98C510DFFCCF2B7FF78FD53FF41" box="[453,663,152,176]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="11" pageNumber="532" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="verticillata" subGenus="Chondrocladia">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510DFFCCF2B7FF78FD53FF41" box="[453,663,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="532">C. (C.) verticillata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. As it is, the only specimen certain to be
<taxonomicName id="ABFCB98C510DFFCCF705FF78FA92FF41" box="[1143,1366,152,176]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="11" pageNumber="532" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="concrescens" subGenus="Chondrocladia">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510DFFCCF705FF78FA92FF41" box="[1143,1366,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="532">C. (C.) concrescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the specimen or specimens actually used by Schmidt for his spicule measurements (clearly not including all listed
<typeStatus id="B3477CAD510DFFCCF3E5FF00FF3FFF09" box="[151,251,224,248]" pageId="11" pageNumber="532" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
) and the subsample examined by
<bibRefCitation id="086DBFFE510DFFCCF1F1FF00FCF5FF09" author="Topsent" box="[643,817,224,248]" pageId="11" pageNumber="532" refString="Topsent, E. (1920) Spongiaires du Musee Zoologique de Strasbourg. Monaxonides. Bulletin de l'Institut oceanographique, 1920, 1 - 36." type="journal article" year="1920">Topsent (1920)</bibRefCitation>
, which lacks collection information. The status of the remaining three
<typeStatus id="B3477CAD510DFFCCF226FEE5FE6FFEEC" box="[340,427,261,285]" pageId="11" pageNumber="532" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
locations is unknown, and the specific distributions of
<taxonomicName id="ABFCB98C510DFFCCF75DFEE4FAD4FEED" box="[1071,1296,260,284]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="11" pageNumber="532" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="concrescens" subGenus="Chondrocladia">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510DFFCCF75DFEE4FAD4FEED" box="[1071,1296,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="532">C. (C.) concrescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="ABFCB98C510DFFCCF63EFEE4FED6FEB1" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="11" pageNumber="532" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="verticillata" subGenus="Chondrocladia">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510DFFCCF63EFEE4FED6FEB1" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="532">C. (C.) verticillata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are thus not known, though it can be established that the material mentioned by Schmidt contains both species. The identification of “
<taxonomicName id="ABFCB98C510DFFCCF177FEADFD49FE95" box="[517,653,333,356]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="11" pageNumber="532" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="concrescens">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510DFFCCF177FEADFD49FE95" box="[517,653,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="532">concrescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-
<typeStatus id="B3477CAD510DFFCCF1E6FEACFD0CFE95" box="[660,712,332,356]" pageId="11" pageNumber="532">type</typeStatus>
”
<taxonomicName id="ABFCB98C510DFFCCF1ADFEACFC43FE95" box="[735,903,332,356]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="11" pageNumber="532" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510DFFCCF1ADFEACFC43FE95" box="[735,903,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="532">Chondrocladia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is difficult owing to the uncertainties in the amount of variation of the spicules of this species (
<bibRefCitation id="086DBFFE510DFFCCF18DFE8FFC67FE79" author="Vacelet" box="[767,931,367,392]" pageId="11" pageNumber="532" refString="Vacelet, J. (2006) New carnivorous sponges (Porifera, Poecilosclerida) collected from manned submersibles in the deep Pacific. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 148, 553 - 584. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2006.00234. x" type="journal article" year="2006">Vacelet, 2006</bibRefCitation>
), and several Pacific specimens have been attributed to
<taxonomicName id="ABFCB98C510DFFCCF256FE74FE3BFE5D" box="[292,511,404,428]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="11" pageNumber="532" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="concrescens" subGenus="Chondrocladia">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510DFFCCF256FE74FE3BFE5D" box="[292,511,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="532">C. (C.) concrescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="086DBFFE510DFFCCF17FFE74FD62FE5D" author="Koltun" box="[525,678,404,429]" pageId="11" pageNumber="532" refString="Koltun, V. M. (1970) Sponge fauna of the northwestern Pacific from the shallows to the hadal depths. In: Bogorov, V. (Ed.), Fauna of the Kurile - Kamchatka Trench and its environment. Institute of Oceanology of the Academy of Sciences of the U. S. S. R. [English translation, 1972]. Israel Program for Scientific Translations Ltd., Jerusalem, pp. 1 - 372, pls. I - VIII." type="journal article" year="1970">Koltun, 1970</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="086DBFFE510DFFCCF1C2FE74FCE8FE5D" author="Levi" box="[688,812,404,429]" pageId="11" pageNumber="532" refString="Levi, C. (1993) Porifera Demospongiae: Spongiaires bathyaux de Nouvelle-Caledonie, recoltes par le &quot; Jean Charcot &quot; Campagne BIOCAL, 1985. Memoires du Museum national d'histoire naturelle, 158, 9 - 87." type="journal article" year="1993">Lévi, 1993</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="086DBFFE510DFFCCF045FE74FBF1FE5C" author="Ridley" box="[823,1077,404,429]" pageId="11" pageNumber="532" refString="Ridley, S. O. &amp; Dendy, A. (1886) Preliminary Report on the Monaxonida collected by HMS ' Challenger'. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 5, 325 - 351, 470 - 493. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938609459998" type="journal article" year="1886">Ridley &amp; Dendy, 1886</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="086DBFFE510DFFCCF732FE74FBB8FE5D" author="Ridley" box="[1088,1148,404,428]" pageId="11" pageNumber="532" refString="Ridley, S. O. &amp; Dendy, A. (1887) Report on the Monaxonida collected by H. M. S. ' Challenger' during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. ' Challenger', 1873 - 1876, Zoology 20 (59), pp. i - lxviii + 1 - 275, pls. I - LI." type="journal article" year="1887">1887</bibRefCitation>
), probably incorrectly (
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510DFFCCF6F3FE74FA59FE5D" box="[1409,1437,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="532">cf.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="086DBFFE510DFFCCF3E5FE58FEFCFE21" author="Topsent" box="[151,312,440,464]" pageId="11" pageNumber="532" refString="Topsent, E. (1930) Chondrocladia yatsui n. sp., de la Baie de Sagami. Annotationes zoologicae japonenses, 1930, 421 - 432." type="journal article" year="1930">Topsent, 1930</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="086DBFFE510DFFCCF236FE57FE25FE21" author="Vacelet" box="[324,481,439,464]" pageId="11" pageNumber="532" refString="Vacelet, J. (2006) New carnivorous sponges (Porifera, Poecilosclerida) collected from manned submersibles in the deep Pacific. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 148, 553 - 584. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2006.00234. x" type="journal article" year="2006">Vacelet, 2006</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="38839287510DFFCCF3E5F925FB54F8E8" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255265/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="532" targetBox="[151,1421,517,1712]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="6C43C20F510DFFCCF3E5F925FB54F8E8" blockId="11.[151,1436,1733,1817]" pageId="11" pageNumber="532">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510DFFCCF3E5F925FED7F92A" bold="true" box="[151,275,1733,1755]" pageId="11" pageNumber="532">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="ABFCB98C510DFFCCF26BF925FD27F92D" box="[281,739,1733,1756]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="11" pageNumber="532" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="concrescens" subGenus="Chondrocladia">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510DFFCCF26BF925FE76F92A" box="[281,434,1733,1755]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="532">Chondrocladia</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510DFFCCF2B3F925FD9DF92A" box="[449,601,1733,1755]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="532">Chondrocladia</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510DFFCCF11AF927FD27F92D" box="[616,739,1735,1756]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="532">concrescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. (A–B) Facsimile from Schmidt (1880) Pl. X, Fig. 8–9 showing two specimens identified as
<taxonomicName id="ABFCB98C510DFFCCF2FAF905FD8AF90B" box="[392,590,1764,1786]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="11" pageNumber="532" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="concrescens" subGenus="Chondrocladia">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510DFFCCF2FAF905FE64F90B" box="[392,416,1765,1786]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="532">C.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510DFFCCF2DCF905FE01F90B" box="[430,453,1765,1786]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="532">C.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510DFFCCF2A1F905FD8AF90B" box="[467,590,1765,1786]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="532">concrescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Possibly (B) is
<taxonomicName id="ABFCB98C510DFFCCF186F905FC6BF90B" box="[756,943,1764,1786]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="11" pageNumber="532" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="verticillata" subGenus="Chondrocladia">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510DFFCCF186F905FCC8F90B" box="[756,780,1765,1786]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="532">C.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510DFFCCF068F905FCEFF90B" box="[794,811,1765,1786]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="532">C</emphasis>
.)
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510DFFCCF032F904FC6BF90B" box="[832,943,1764,1786]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="532">verticillata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. (C–D) Re-drawing of spicule morphology of
<taxonomicName id="ABFCB98C510DFFCCF6F6F905FE84F8E8" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="11" pageNumber="532" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="concrescens" subGenus="Chondrocladia">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510DFFCCF6F6F905FA51F90B" box="[1412,1429,1765,1786]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="532">C</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510DFFCCF3EDF8E4FF74F8E8" box="[159,176,1796,1817]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="532">C</emphasis>
.)
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510DFFCCF3B7F8E4FE84F8E8" box="[197,320,1796,1817]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="532">concrescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Topsent (1920) Fig. 3 showing the long teeth of the smaller type of chela (D).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="6C43C20F510DFFCCF3B5F8A0FA58F819" blockId="11.[151,1436,1856,2025]" pageId="11" pageNumber="532">
While all specimens examined here proved to be
<taxonomicName id="ABFCB98C510DFFCCF18DF8A1FC17F8A9" box="[767,979,1856,1880]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="11" pageNumber="532" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="verticillata" subGenus="Chondrocladia">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510DFFCCF18DF8A1FC17F8A9" box="[767,979,1856,1880]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="532">C. (C.) verticillata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, there are clear differences between the characters across these specimens and
<taxonomicName id="ABFCB98C510DFFCCF12DF885FC81F88D" box="[607,837,1893,1916]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="11" pageNumber="532" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="concrescens" subGenus="Chondrocladia">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510DFFCCF12DF885FC81F88D" box="[607,837,1893,1916]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="532">C. (C.) concrescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as described by both
<bibRefCitation id="086DBFFE510DFFCCF722F884FAC0F88C" author="Schmidt" box="[1104,1284,1892,1917]" pageId="11" pageNumber="532" refString="Schmidt, O. (1880) Die Spongien des Meerbusen von Mexico (Und des caraibischen Meeres). Heft II. Abtheilung II. Hexactinelliden. Abtheilung III. Tetractinelliden. Monactinelliden und Anhang. Nachtrage zu Abtheilung I (Lithistiden). In: Reports on the dredging under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz, in the Gulf of Mexico, by the USCSS ' Blake'. Gustav Fischer, Jena, pp. 33 - 90, pls. V - X." type="book chapter" year="1880">Schmidt (1880)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="086DBFFE510DFFCCF636F885FF27F850" author="Topsent" pageId="11" pageNumber="532" refString="Topsent, E. (1920) Spongiaires du Musee Zoologique de Strasbourg. Monaxonides. Bulletin de l'Institut oceanographique, 1920, 1 - 36." type="journal article" year="1920">Topsent (1920)</bibRefCitation>
, and there is no reason to doubt that Topsent did a thorough investigation on the differences between
<taxonomicName id="ABFCB98C510DFFCCF63DF869FEDBF835" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="11" pageNumber="532" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="concrescens" subGenus="Chondrocladia">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510DFFCCF63DF869FEDBF835" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="532">C. (C.) concrescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="ABFCB98C510DFFCCF22BF84DFDE8F834" box="[345,556,1965,1989]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="11" pageNumber="532" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="verticillata" subGenus="Chondrocladia">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510DFFCCF22BF84DFDE8F834" box="[345,556,1965,1989]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="532">C. (C.) verticillata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
when erecting the latter species: In both the original description by Schmidt and the following re-examination by Topsent, the larger category of isochela is significantly larger in
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510DFFCCF638F831FA58F819" box="[1354,1436,2001,2024]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="532">C. (C.)</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6C43C20F510AFFCBF3E5FF79FCF6FE76" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,824]" pageId="12" pageNumber="533">
<taxonomicName id="ABFCB98C510AFFCBF3E5FF79FEDBFF41" box="[151,287,153,176]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="12" pageNumber="533" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="concrescens">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510AFFCBF3E5FF79FEDBFF41" box="[151,287,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="533">concrescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
compared to
<taxonomicName id="ABFCB98C510AFFCBF2C4FF78FD41FF41" box="[438,645,152,176]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="12" pageNumber="533" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="verticillata" subGenus="Chondrocladia">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510AFFCBF2C4FF78FD41FF41" box="[438,645,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="533">C. (C.) verticillata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as are the sigmas. Another clear difference regards the morphology of the smaller
<typeStatus id="B3477CAD510AFFCBF26FFF5DFE89FF24" box="[285,333,189,213]" pageId="12" pageNumber="533">type</typeStatus>
of isochela: Both Schmidt and Topsent emphasize long, fine teeth, where the upper teeth almost touch the lower in
<taxonomicName id="ABFCB98C510AFFCBF218FF00FD82FF09" box="[362,582,224,248]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="12" pageNumber="533" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="concrescens" subGenus="Chondrocladia">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510AFFCBF218FF00FD82FF09" box="[362,582,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="533">C. (C.) concrescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="F4C7DE8A510AFFCBF127FF3FFD5EFF09" box="[597,666,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1733,1755]" captionTargetBox="[151,1421,517,1712]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1437,517,1712]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Chondrocladia (Chondrocladia) concrescens. (A – B) Facsimile from Schmidt (1880) Pl. X, Fig. 8 – 9 showing two specimens identified as C. (C.) concrescens. Possibly (B) is C. (C.) verticillata. (C – D) Re-drawing of spicule morphology of C. (C.) concrescens from Topsent (1920) Fig. 3 showing the long teeth of the smaller type of chela (D)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255265/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="533">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
), while this character is not present at all in the specimens identified as
<taxonomicName id="ABFCB98C510AFFCBF3CEFEE4FE5CFEED" box="[188,408,260,284]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="12" pageNumber="533" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="verticillata" subGenus="Chondrocladia">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510AFFCBF3CEFEE4FE5CFEED" box="[188,408,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="533">C. (C.) verticillata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Thus
<taxonomicName id="ABFCB98C510AFFCBF280FEE4FD0BFEED" box="[498,719,260,284]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="12" pageNumber="533" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="verticillata" subGenus="Chondrocladia">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510AFFCBF280FEE4FD0BFEED" box="[498,719,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="533">C. (C.) verticillata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is by all appearances a valid species distinct from
<taxonomicName id="ABFCB98C510AFFCBF63AFEE4FEDBFEB1" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="12" pageNumber="533" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="concrescens" subGenus="Chondrocladia">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510AFFCBF63AFEE4FEDBFEB1" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="533">C. (C.) concrescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. It should be noted that of the two specimens illustrated by
<bibRefCitation id="086DBFFE510AFFCBF0B6FEC7FBB0FEB1" author="Schmidt" box="[964,1140,295,320]" pageId="12" pageNumber="533" refString="Schmidt, O. (1880) Die Spongien des Meerbusen von Mexico (Und des caraibischen Meeres). Heft II. Abtheilung II. Hexactinelliden. Abtheilung III. Tetractinelliden. Monactinelliden und Anhang. Nachtrage zu Abtheilung I (Lithistiden). In: Reports on the dredging under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz, in the Gulf of Mexico, by the USCSS ' Blake'. Gustav Fischer, Jena, pp. 33 - 90, pls. V - X." type="book chapter" year="1880">Schmidt (1880)</bibRefCitation>
(reproduced here,
<figureCitation id="F4C7DE8A510AFFCBF63BFEC7FA49FEB1" box="[1353,1421,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1733,1755]" captionTargetBox="[151,1421,517,1712]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1437,517,1712]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Chondrocladia (Chondrocladia) concrescens. (A – B) Facsimile from Schmidt (1880) Pl. X, Fig. 8 – 9 showing two specimens identified as C. (C.) concrescens. Possibly (B) is C. (C.) verticillata. (C – D) Re-drawing of spicule morphology of C. (C.) concrescens from Topsent (1920) Fig. 3 showing the long teeth of the smaller type of chela (D)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255265/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="533">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
), the spacing of the projections is quite different, which could indicate that one of them (
<figureCitation id="F4C7DE8A510AFFCBF7CAFEACFAC4FE95" box="[1208,1280,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1733,1755]" captionTargetBox="[151,1421,517,1712]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1437,517,1712]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Chondrocladia (Chondrocladia) concrescens. (A – B) Facsimile from Schmidt (1880) Pl. X, Fig. 8 – 9 showing two specimens identified as C. (C.) concrescens. Possibly (B) is C. (C.) verticillata. (C – D) Re-drawing of spicule morphology of C. (C.) concrescens from Topsent (1920) Fig. 3 showing the long teeth of the smaller type of chela (D)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255265/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="533">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
A) is
<taxonomicName id="ABFCB98C510AFFCBF63BFEACFEDBFE79" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="12" pageNumber="533" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="concrescens" subGenus="Chondrocladia">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510AFFCBF63BFEACFEDBFE79" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="533">C. (C.) concrescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
while the other (
<figureCitation id="F4C7DE8A510AFFCBF2AFFE8FFDDBFE79" box="[477,543,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1733,1755]" captionTargetBox="[151,1421,517,1712]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1437,517,1712]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Chondrocladia (Chondrocladia) concrescens. (A – B) Facsimile from Schmidt (1880) Pl. X, Fig. 8 – 9 showing two specimens identified as C. (C.) concrescens. Possibly (B) is C. (C.) verticillata. (C – D) Re-drawing of spicule morphology of C. (C.) concrescens from Topsent (1920) Fig. 3 showing the long teeth of the smaller type of chela (D)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255265/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="533">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
B) is
<taxonomicName id="ABFCB98C510AFFCBF12EFE90FCEFFE79" box="[604,811,368,392]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="12" pageNumber="533" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="verticillata" subGenus="Chondrocladia">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510AFFCBF12EFE90FCEFFE79" box="[604,811,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="533">C. (C.) verticillata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6C43C20F510AFFCBF3B5FE74FEE2FD59" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,824]" pageId="12" pageNumber="533">
The results of the phylogenetic analysis of specimen HBOM 003:01095 shows that
<taxonomicName id="ABFCB98C510AFFCBF706FE74FA80FE5D" box="[1140,1348,404,428]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="12" pageNumber="533" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="verticillata" subGenus="Chondrocladia">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510AFFCBF706FE74FA80FE5D" box="[1140,1348,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="533">C. (C.) verticillata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is most closely related to two as of yet undescribed species of
<taxonomicName id="ABFCB98C510AFFCBF071FE58FC68FE21" box="[771,940,440,464]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="12" pageNumber="533" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510AFFCBF071FE58FC68FE21" box="[771,940,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="533">Chondrocladia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Patagonia (species “A”, SW Atlantic) and the New Zealand EEZ (species “C”) (
<figureCitation id="F4C7DE8A510AFFCBF11BFE3CFD69FE05" box="[617,685,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1768,1790]" captionTargetBox="[159,1425,886,1722]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,877,1746]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. Maximum likelihood (ML) consensus tree from the phylogenetic analysis of a concatenated dataset of partial 28 S rDNA, COI and ALG 11 for Chondrocladia spp. from GenBank and C. (C.) verticillata specimen HBOM 003: 01095 (bold). Accession numbers are given after species names. ML bootstrap support values and Bayesian posterior probabilities are indicated for clades&gt; 50 / 0.5 for both analyses." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255266/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="533">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
). More distant relatives within the same clade include the Northern Atlantic and Arctic species
<taxonomicName id="ABFCB98C510AFFCBF2BFFDE0FCFCFDE9" authority="Hansen, 1885" authorityName="Hansen" authorityYear="1885" box="[461,824,511,536]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="12" pageNumber="533" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="gigantea" subGenus="Chondrocladia">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510AFFCBF2BFFDE0FD40FDE6" box="[461,644,512,535]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="533">C. (C.) gigantea</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="086DBFFE510AFFCBF1E1FDE0FCF4FDE9" author="Hansen" box="[659,816,511,536]" pageId="12" pageNumber="533" refString="Hansen, G. A. (1885) Spongiadae. The Norwegian North-Atlantic Expedition 1876 - 1878, 1885, 1 - 26, pls. I - VII." type="journal article" year="1885">Hansen, 1885</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="ABFCB98C510AFFCBF01DFDE0FEE8FDCC" authority="Cristobo, Rios, Pomponi &amp; Xavier, 2015" authorityName="Cristobo, Rios, Pomponi &amp; Xavier" authorityYear="2015" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="12" pageNumber="533" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="robertballardi" subGenus="Chondrocladia">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510AFFCBF01DFDE0FBA6FDE9" box="[879,1122,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="533">C. (C.) robertballardi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="086DBFFE510AFFCBF71BFE1FFEE8FDCC" author="Cristobo" pageId="12" pageNumber="533" refString="Cristobo, F. J., Rios, P., Pomponi, S. A. &amp; Xavier, J. R. (2015) A new carnivorous sponge, Chondrocladia robertballardi sp. nov. (Porifera: Cladorhizidae) from two north - east Atlantic seamounts. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 95, 1345 - 1352. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315414001325" type="journal article" year="2015">Cristobo, Rios, Pomponi &amp; Xavier, 2015</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. These results are in general agreement with morphological characters, as all the related species have a roughly similar habit consisting of a single or branching stem with numerous branches along the upper part of the axis, as opposed to other members of subgenus
<taxonomicName id="ABFCB98C510AFFCBF1A0FD8CFCBFFD75" box="[722,891,620,644]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="12" pageNumber="533" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510AFFCBF1A0FD8CFCBFFD75" box="[722,891,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="533">Chondrocladia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
which typically have a pedunculate, spherical morphology.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6C43C20F510AFFCBF3B5FD54FC20FCC9" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,824]" pageId="12" pageNumber="533">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510AFFCBF3B5FD54FE4DFD3C" bold="true" box="[199,393,692,717]" pageId="12" pageNumber="533">Related species.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="ABFCB98C510AFFCBF2E4FD54FB92FD3D" authority="Schmidt, 1880" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1880" box="[406,1110,692,717]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="12" pageNumber="533" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="concrescens" subGenus="Chondrocladia">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510AFFCBF2E4FD54FC59FD3D" box="[406,925,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="533">Chondrocladia (Chondrocladia) concrescens</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="086DBFFE510AFFCBF0DBFD54FB92FD3D" author="Schmidt" box="[937,1110,692,717]" pageId="12" pageNumber="533" refString="Schmidt, O. (1880) Die Spongien des Meerbusen von Mexico (Und des caraibischen Meeres). Heft II. Abtheilung II. Hexactinelliden. Abtheilung III. Tetractinelliden. Monactinelliden und Anhang. Nachtrage zu Abtheilung I (Lithistiden). In: Reports on the dredging under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz, in the Gulf of Mexico, by the USCSS ' Blake'. Gustav Fischer, Jena, pp. 33 - 90, pls. V - X." type="book chapter" year="1880">Schmidt, 1880</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="ABFCB98C510AFFCBF71AFD54FE5DFD01" authority="Ridley &amp; Dendy, 1886" authorityName="Ridley &amp; Dendy" authorityYear="1886" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="12" pageNumber="533" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="concrescens" subGenus="Chondrocladia">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510AFFCBF71AFD54FA5FFD3D" box="[1128,1435,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="533">C. (C.) concrescens sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="086DBFFE510AFFCBF3E5FD37FE5DFD01" author="Ridley" box="[151,409,727,752]" pageId="12" pageNumber="533" refString="Ridley, S. O. &amp; Dendy, A. (1886) Preliminary Report on the Monaxonida collected by HMS ' Challenger'. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 5, 325 - 351, 470 - 493. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938609459998" type="journal article" year="1886">Ridley &amp; Dendy, 1886</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(=
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510AFFCBF2B1FD38FDCDFD1E" box="[451,521,728,751]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="533">C (C.)</emphasis>
“
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510AFFCBF16DFD38FD5AFD01" box="[543,670,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="533">challengeri</emphasis>
”,
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510AFFCBF1C9FD38FD13FD01" box="[699,727,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="533">cf.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="086DBFFE510AFFCBF1ACFD38FC46FD01" author="Topsent" box="[734,898,728,752]" pageId="12" pageNumber="533" refString="Topsent, E. (1920) Spongiaires du Musee Zoologique de Strasbourg. Monaxonides. Bulletin de l'Institut oceanographique, 1920, 1 - 36." type="journal article" year="1920">Topsent, 1920</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="086DBFFE510AFFCBF0FCFD38FC0EFD01" author="Topsent" box="[910,970,728,752]" pageId="12" pageNumber="533" refString="Topsent, E. (1930) Chondrocladia yatsui n. sp., de la Baie de Sagami. Annotationes zoologicae japonenses, 1930, 421 - 432." type="journal article" year="1930">1930</bibRefCitation>
);
<taxonomicName id="ABFCB98C510AFFCBF092FD38FA84FD01" authority="Hansen, 1885" authorityName="Hansen" authorityYear="1885" box="[992,1344,727,752]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="12" pageNumber="533" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="gigantea" subGenus="Chondrocladia">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510AFFCBF092FD38FB5DFD1E" box="[992,1177,728,751]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="533">C. (C.) gigantea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="086DBFFE510AFFCBF7D0FD38FA84FD01" author="Hansen" box="[1186,1344,727,752]" pageId="12" pageNumber="533" refString="Hansen, G. A. (1885) Spongiadae. The Norwegian North-Atlantic Expedition 1876 - 1878, 1885, 1 - 26, pls. I - VII." type="journal article" year="1885">Hansen, 1885</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="ABFCB98C510AFFCBF63FFD38FE5AFCE5" authority="Verrill, 1879" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1879" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="12" pageNumber="533" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="grandis" subGenus="Chondrocladia">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510AFFCBF63FFD38FF29FCE5" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="533">C. (C.) grandis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="086DBFFE510AFFCBF38DFD1CFE51FCE5" author="Verrill" box="[255,405,764,789]" pageId="12" pageNumber="533" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1879) Notice of recent additions to the marine invertebrates of the northeastern coast of America, with descriptions of new genera and species, and critical remarks. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 2, 165 - 205." type="journal article" year="1879">Verrill, 1879</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="ABFCB98C510AFFCBF2DFFD1CFC88FCE5" authority="Arnesen, 1920" authorityName="Arnesen" authorityYear="1920" box="[429,844,764,788]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="12" pageNumber="533" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="michaelsarsi" subGenus="Chondrocladia">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510AFFCBF2DFFD1CFD53FCE5" box="[429,663,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="533">C. (C.) michaelsarsi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="086DBFFE510AFFCBF1D0FD1CFC88FCE5" author="Arnesen" box="[674,844,764,788]" pageId="12" pageNumber="533" refString="Arnesen, E. (1920) Spongia. In: Report on the Scientific Results of the &quot; Michael Sars &quot; North Atlantic Deep-Sea Expedition, 1910. John Grieg, Bergen, pp. 1 - 29." type="journal article" year="1920">Arnesen, 1920</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="ABFCB98C510AFFCBF029FD1CFEEFFCC9" authority="Cristobo, Rios, Pomponi &amp; Xavier, 2015" authorityName="Cristobo, Rios, Pomponi &amp; Xavier" authorityYear="2015" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="12" pageNumber="533" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="robertballardi" subGenus="Chondrocladia">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510AFFCBF029FD1CFB91FCE5" box="[859,1109,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="533">C. (C.) robertballardi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="086DBFFE510AFFCBF72DFD1CFEEFFCC9" author="Cristobo" pageId="12" pageNumber="533" refString="Cristobo, F. J., Rios, P., Pomponi, S. A. &amp; Xavier, J. R. (2015) A new carnivorous sponge, Chondrocladia robertballardi sp. nov. (Porifera: Cladorhizidae) from two north - east Atlantic seamounts. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 95, 1345 - 1352. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315414001325" type="journal article" year="2015">Cristobo, Rios, Pomponi &amp; Xavier, 2015</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="ABFCB98C510AFFCBF245FCC0FD50FCC9" authority="Thomson, 1873" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1873" box="[311,660,799,824]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="12" pageNumber="533" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="virgata" subGenus="Chondrocladia">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510AFFCBF245FCC0FE1FFCC6" box="[311,475,800,823]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="533">C. (C.) virgata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="086DBFFE510AFFCBF293FCFFFD50FCC9" author="Thomson" box="[481,660,799,824]" pageId="12" pageNumber="533" refString="Thomson, W. C. (1873) The Depths of the Sea. Macmillan and Co., London, 686 pp." type="book" year="1873">Thomson, 1873</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="ABFCB98C510AFFCBF1D2FCC0FC24FCC9" authority="Topsent, 1930" authorityName="Topsent" authorityYear="1930" box="[672,992,800,824]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="12" pageNumber="533" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="yatsui" subGenus="Chondrocladia">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510AFFCBF1D2FCC0FCF3FCC6" box="[672,823,800,823]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="533">C. (C.) yatsui</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="086DBFFE510AFFCBF04CFCC0FC24FCC9" author="Topsent" box="[830,992,800,824]" pageId="12" pageNumber="533" refString="Topsent, E. (1930) Chondrocladia yatsui n. sp., de la Baie de Sagami. Annotationes zoologicae japonenses, 1930, 421 - 432." type="journal article" year="1930">Topsent, 1930</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="38839287510AFFCBF3E5F908FDB6F8AB" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255266/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="533" targetBox="[159,1425,886,1722]" targetPageId="12">
<paragraph id="6C43C20F510AFFCBF3E5F908FDB6F8AB" blockId="12.[151,1437,1768,1882]" pageId="12" pageNumber="533">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510AFFCBF3E5F908FED7F90C" bold="true" box="[151,275,1768,1790]" pageId="12" pageNumber="533">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
Maximum likelihood (ML) consensus tree from the phylogenetic analysis of a concatenated dataset of partial 28S rDNA, COI and ALG11 for
<taxonomicName id="ABFCB98C510AFFCBF2B2F8E6FD9CF8ED" box="[448,600,1798,1820]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="12" pageNumber="533" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510AFFCBF2B2F8E6FD9CF8ED" box="[448,600,1798,1820]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="533">Chondrocladia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. from GenBank and
<taxonomicName id="ABFCB98C510AFFCBF012F8E7FBDBF8ED" box="[864,1055,1798,1820]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="12" pageNumber="533" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="verticillata" subGenus="Chondrocladia">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510AFFCBF012F8E7FBDBF8ED" box="[864,1055,1798,1820]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="533">C. (C.) verticillata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimen HBOM 003:01095 (bold). Accession numbers are given after species names. ML bootstrap support values and Bayesian posterior probabilities are indicated for clades&gt; 50/0.5 for both analyses.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="24E69184510BFFCAF30FFDEFFD65FBF2" pageId="13" pageNumber="534" type="description">
<paragraph id="6C43C20F510BFFCAF30FFDEFF91FFDD6" blockId="13.[125,1755,527,551]" box="[125,1755,527,551]" pageId="13" pageNumber="534">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510BFFCAF30FFDEFFF25FDD6" bold="true" box="[125,225,527,551]" pageId="13" pageNumber="534">TABLE ³.</emphasis>
List of recorđs of
<taxonomicName id="ABFCB98C510BFFCAF2F8FDEFFDCEFDD6" box="[394,522,527,551]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="13" pageNumber="534" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Clađorhiziđae</taxonomicName>
from the Caribbean Sea anđ ađjacent Atlantic Ocean. Spicule measurements are an aggregation of those reporteđ by the listeđ sources.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6C43C20F510BFFCAF25AFDB1F9D0FD65" blockId="13.[125,1899,593,1638]" pageId="13" pageNumber="534">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510BFFCAF25AFDB1F9D0FD65" bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="534">
Area Depth Morphology Spicules Source(s)
<taxonomicName id="ABFCB98C510BFFCAF30FFD9DF9D0FD65" authority="Mycalostyles Mycalostyles Strongyles Arcuate Sigmancistras" authorityName="Mycalostyles Mycalostyles Strongyles Arcuate Sigmancistras" box="[125,1556,636,661]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Abyssocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="13" pageNumber="534" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510BFFCAF30FFD9DFF3CFD64" bold="true" box="[125,248,637,661]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="534">Abyssocladia</emphasis>
Mycalostyles Mycalostyles Strongyles Arcuate Sigmancistras
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6C43C20F510BFFCAF01DFD7BFAE7FD42" blockId="13.[125,1899,593,1638]" box="[879,1315,667,691]" pageId="13" pageNumber="534">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510BFFCAF01DFD7BFAE7FD42" bold="true" box="[879,1315,667,691]" pageId="13" pageNumber="534">/ subtylostyles isochelae</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6C43C20F510BFFCAF30FFD58FBBAFD1E" blockId="13.[125,1899,593,1638]" pageId="13" pageNumber="534">
<taxonomicName id="ABFCB98C510BFFCAF30FFD58FE34FD20" authority="Muir 2829" authorityName="Muir" authorityYear="2829" box="[125,496,696,721]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Abyssocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="13" pageNumber="534" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510BFFCAF30FFD58FF33FD21" box="[125,247,696,720]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="534">Abyssocladia</emphasis>
Muir
<quantity id="AB046FEA510BFFCAF2B0FD59FE34FD20" box="[450,496,697,721]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8289999999999997" pageId="13" pageNumber="534" unit="m" value="2829.0">2829</quantity>
</taxonomicName>
m Central stem 720((933)(430((686)(380((568)(780
<date id="1842E4CF510BFFCAF7D4FD59FB21FD20" box="[1190,1253,697,721]" pageId="13" pageNumber="534" value="1928-10">x 28</date>
((43)(50 9((10)(11 This article
<taxonomicName id="ABFCB98C510BFFCAF30FFD37FE42FD1E" authority="Seamount" authorityName="Seamount" box="[125,390,727,751]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Abyssocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="13" pageNumber="534" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="polycephalus">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510BFFCAF30FFD37FF32FD1E" box="[125,246,727,751]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="534">polycephalus</emphasis>
Seamount
</taxonomicName>
, anđ branches
<date id="1842E4CF510BFFCAF1B9FD37FCEEFD1E" box="[715,810,727,751]" pageId="13" pageNumber="534" value="1070-10-14">1070 x 14</date>
(960
<date id="1842E4CF510BFFCAF0E5FD37FC70FD1E" box="[919,948,727,751]" pageId="13" pageNumber="534">x 5</date>
((10)(15((18)(22
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6C43C20F510BFFCAF3E6FD16FC42FCFF" blockId="13.[125,1899,593,1638]" box="[148,902,758,782]" pageId="13" pageNumber="534">. nov. NE of each with a (17)(22 13</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6C43C20F510BFFCAF25AFCF4FD58FCDD" blockId="13.[125,1899,593,1638]" box="[296,668,788,812]" pageId="13" pageNumber="534">Bermuđa. đisc(shapeđ</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6C43C20F510BFFCAF15EFCD3FDA5FCBA" blockId="13.[125,1899,593,1638]" box="[556,609,819,843]" pageId="13" pageNumber="534">bođy.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6C43C20F510BFFCAF30FFCB3F978FC9A" blockId="13.[125,1899,593,1638]" box="[125,1724,851,875]" pageId="13" pageNumber="534">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510BFFCAF30FFCB3F978FC9A" bold="true" box="[125,1724,851,875]" pageId="13" pageNumber="534">
<taxonomicName id="ABFCB98C510BFFCAF30FFCB3FBA1FC9A" authority="Mycalostyles Subtylostyles Acantho" authorityName="Mycalostyles Subtylostyles Acantho" box="[125,1125,851,875]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Asbestopluma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="13" pageNumber="534" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510BFFCAF30FFCB3FEC5FC9A" bold="true" box="[125,257,851,875]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="534">Asbestopluma</emphasis>
Mycalostyles Subtylostyles Acantho
</taxonomicName>
– Anisocercichelae Palmate Sigmancistras
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6C43C20F510BFFCAF761FC92FA3EFC7B" blockId="13.[125,1899,593,1638]" box="[1043,1530,882,906]" pageId="13" pageNumber="534">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510BFFCAF761FC92FA3EFC7B" bold="true" box="[1043,1530,882,906]" pageId="13" pageNumber="534">tylostyles anisochelae</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6C43C20F510BFFCAF30FFC6FFC35FC37" blockId="13.[125,1899,593,1638]" pageId="13" pageNumber="534">
<taxonomicName id="ABFCB98C510BFFCAF30FFC6FFE5EFC56" authority="Beata Ridge" authorityName="Beata Ridge" box="[125,410,911,935]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Asbestopluma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="13" pageNumber="534" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510BFFCAF30FFC6FFF39FC56" box="[125,253,911,935]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="534">Asbestopluma</emphasis>
Beata Riđge
</taxonomicName>
,
<quantity id="AB046FEA510BFFCAF2B0FC6FFDC2FC56" box="[450,518,911,935]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.007" pageId="13" pageNumber="534" unit="m" value="4007.0">4007 m</quantity>
Erect single 990((1194)(320((550)(74((114)(194 52((64)(74 8((10)(12 19((26)(34 This article.
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510BFFCAF3EAFC4EFF5BFC34" box="[152,159,942,965]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="534">)</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="ABFCB98C510BFFCAF3D7FC4DFE42FC37" authority="Caribbean" authorityName="Caribbean" box="[165,390,941,966]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Asbestopluma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="13" pageNumber="534" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="caribica">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510BFFCAF3D7FC4DFF35FC34" box="[165,241,941,965]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="534">caribica</emphasis>
Caribbean
</taxonomicName>
stem with two
<date id="1842E4CF510BFFCAF1B9FC4EFCEEFC37" box="[715,810,942,966]" pageId="13" pageNumber="534" value="1426-10-18">1426 x 18</date>
(660
<date id="1842E4CF510BFFCAF0E5FC4EFC70FC37" box="[919,948,942,966]" pageId="13" pageNumber="534">x 8</date>
((12)(
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6C43C20F510BFFCAF3E6FC2CFC42FC15" blockId="13.[125,1899,593,1638]" box="[148,902,972,996]" pageId="13" pageNumber="534">. nov. Sea. opposite rows (23)(33 14</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6C43C20F510BFFCAF15EFC0BFD65FBF2" blockId="13.[125,1899,593,1638]" box="[556,673,1003,1027]" pageId="13" pageNumber="534">of filaments.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="24E69184510BFFCAF30FFBE9F9BCFB6C" pageId="13" pageNumber="534" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="6C43C20F510BFFCAF30FFBE9FE9BFB8C" blockId="13.[125,1899,593,1638]" pageId="13" pageNumber="534">
<taxonomicName id="ABFCB98C510BFFCAF30FFBE9FEBEFBD0" ID-CoL="84LL8" authority="Probably" authorityName="Probably" box="[125,378,1033,1057]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Asbestopluma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="13" pageNumber="534" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510BFFCAF30FFBE9FF39FBD0" box="[125,253,1033,1057]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="534">Asbestopluma</emphasis>
Probably
</taxonomicName>
585(Peđunculate 900(
<date id="1842E4CF510BFFCAF185FBE9FCFCFBD0" box="[759,824,1033,1057]" pageId="13" pageNumber="534" value="1400-10">1400 x</date>
300(600
<date id="1842E4CF510BFFCAF0B7FBE9FC27FBD0" box="[965,995,1033,1057]" pageId="13" pageNumber="534">x 2</date>
(4 90(120
<date id="1842E4CF510BFFCAF72CFBE9FBBDFBD0" box="[1118,1145,1033,1057]" pageId="13" pageNumber="534">x 1</date>
(3 10(12 20(25 (Hajđu &amp;.
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510BFFCAF3EAFBC8FF32FBCE" box="[152,246,1063,1087]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="534">
)
<taxonomicName id="ABFCB98C510BFFCAF3D7FBC7FF32FBCE" ID-CoL="H4W5" box="[165,246,1063,1087]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Asbestopluma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="13" pageNumber="534" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="gracilior">gracilior</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
between
<quantity id="AB046FEA510BFFCAF2B0FBC8FE3FFBB1" box="[450,507,1064,1088]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4" pageId="13" pageNumber="534" unit="m" value="640.0">640 m</quantity>
with ovate 20(25 Vacelet, 2002; Schmiđt, Floriđa anđ main bođy.
<bibRefCitation id="086DBFFE510BFFCAF5AAFBA6F89AFBAF" author="Schmidt" box="[1752,1886,1094,1118]" pageId="13" pageNumber="534" refString="Schmidt, O. (1870) Grundzuge einer Spongien-Fauna des atlantischen Gebietes. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, 2 + (iii - iv) + 88 pp., VI pls." type="book" year="1870">Schmiđt, 1870</bibRefCitation>
)
<bibRefCitation id="086DBFFE510BFFCAF30FFB85FF68FB8C" author="Schmidt" box="[125,172,1125,1149]" pageId="13" pageNumber="534" refString="Schmidt, O. (1870) Grundzuge einer Spongien-Fauna des atlantischen Gebietes. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, 2 + (iii - iv) + 88 pp., VI pls." type="book" year="1870">1870</bibRefCitation>
) Cuba.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6C43C20F510BFFCAF30FFB65F9BCFB6C" blockId="13.[125,1899,593,1638]" box="[125,1656,1157,1181]" pageId="13" pageNumber="534">
<taxonomicName id="ABFCB98C510BFFCAF30FFB65F9BCFB6C" ID-CoL="84MC5" authority="Mycalostyles Mycalostyles Acanthostyles Anchorate Anchorate Sigmas" authorityName="Mycalostyles Mycalostyles Acanthostyles Anchorate Anchorate Sigmas" box="[125,1656,1157,1181]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="13" pageNumber="534" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510BFFCAF30FFB65F9BCFB6C" bold="true" box="[125,1656,1157,1181]" pageId="13" pageNumber="534">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510BFFCAF30FFB65FECEFB6C" bold="true" box="[125,266,1157,1181]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="534">Chondrocladia</emphasis>
Mycalostyles Mycalostyles Acanthostyles Anchorate Anchorate Sigmas
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="24E69184510BFFCAF7BEFB44FA26FB4D" box="[1228,1506,1188,1212]" pageId="13" pageNumber="534" type="description">
<paragraph id="6C43C20F510BFFCAF7BEFB44FA26FB4D" blockId="13.[125,1899,593,1638]" box="[1228,1506,1188,1212]" pageId="13" pageNumber="534">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510BFFCAF7BEFB44FA26FB4D" bold="true" box="[1228,1506,1188,1212]" pageId="13" pageNumber="534">isochelae isochelae</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="24E69184510BFFCAF30FFB21FE9BF9B7" pageId="13" pageNumber="534" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="6C43C20F510BFFCAF30FFB21FD57FAE7" blockId="13.[125,1899,593,1638]" pageId="13" pageNumber="534">
<taxonomicName id="ABFCB98C510BFFCAF30FFB21FEC3FB28" ID-CoL="84MC5" box="[125,263,1217,1241]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="13" pageNumber="534" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510BFFCAF30FFB21FEC3FB28" box="[125,263,1217,1241]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="534">Chondrocladia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
East of
<quantity id="AB046FEA510BFFCAF2B0FB21FE3FFB28" box="[450,507,1217,1241]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.27" pageId="13" pageNumber="534" unit="m" value="527.0">527 m</quantity>
Peđunculate 665(1075
<date id="1842E4CF510BFFCAF05FFB21FB22FB28" box="[813,1254,1217,1241]" pageId="13" pageNumber="534" value="1950-10">x 50</date>
(55, 3 teeth 46 (
<bibRefCitation id="086DBFFE510BFFCAF5ACFB21FF5EFB06" author="Schmidt" pageId="13" pageNumber="534" refString="Schmidt, O. (1880) Die Spongien des Meerbusen von Mexico (Und des caraibischen Meeres). Heft II. Abtheilung II. Hexactinelliden. Abtheilung III. Tetractinelliden. Monactinelliden und Anhang. Nachtrage zu Abtheilung I (Lithistiden). In: Reports on the dredging under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz, in the Gulf of Mexico, by the USCSS ' Blake'. Gustav Fischer, Jena, pp. 33 - 90, pls. V - X." type="book chapter" year="1880">Schmiđt, 1880;.</bibRefCitation>
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510BFFCAF3EBFB00FEC0FB06" box="[153,260,1247,1271]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="534">) amphactis</emphasis>
Barbađos. spherical boy 6(25
<bibRefCitation id="086DBFFE510BFFCAF5AAFB00F898FB09" author="Topsent" box="[1752,1884,1248,1272]" pageId="13" pageNumber="534" refString="Topsent, E. (1930) Chondrocladia yatsui n. sp., de la Baie de Sagami. Annotationes zoologicae japonenses, 1930, 421 - 432." type="journal article" year="1930">Topsent, 1930</bibRefCitation>
)
<bibRefCitation id="086DBFFE510BFFCAF30FFB1EFEC6FAE7" author="Schmidt" box="[125,258,1278,1302]" pageId="13" pageNumber="534" refString="Schmidt, O. (1880) Die Spongien des Meerbusen von Mexico (Und des caraibischen Meeres). Heft II. Abtheilung II. Hexactinelliden. Abtheilung III. Tetractinelliden. Monactinelliden und Anhang. Nachtrage zu Abtheilung I (Lithistiden). In: Reports on the dredging under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz, in the Gulf of Mexico, by the USCSS ' Blake'. Gustav Fischer, Jena, pp. 33 - 90, pls. V - X." type="book chapter" year="1880">Schmiđt, 1880</bibRefCitation>
with lateral
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6C43C20F510BFFCAF15EFAFDFDB9FAC4" blockId="13.[125,1899,593,1638]" box="[556,637,1309,1333]" pageId="13" pageNumber="534">branches</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6C43C20F510BFFCAF30FFADBFE55FA5F" blockId="13.[125,1899,593,1638]" pageId="13" pageNumber="534">
<taxonomicName id="ABFCB98C510BFFCAF30FFADBFEC3FAA2" ID-CoL="84MC5" box="[125,263,1339,1363]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="13" pageNumber="534" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510BFFCAF30FFADBFEC3FAA2" box="[125,263,1339,1363]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="534">Chondrocladia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Guađeloupe? 825(Erect single Present Unknown 71(130, 6 teeth 27(40, 4(6 69(97 (
<bibRefCitation id="086DBFFE510BFFCAF5ACFADBFF5EFA80" author="Schmidt" pageId="13" pageNumber="534" refString="Schmidt, O. (1880) Die Spongien des Meerbusen von Mexico (Und des caraibischen Meeres). Heft II. Abtheilung II. Hexactinelliden. Abtheilung III. Tetractinelliden. Monactinelliden und Anhang. Nachtrage zu Abtheilung I (Lithistiden). In: Reports on the dredging under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz, in the Gulf of Mexico, by the USCSS ' Blake'. Gustav Fischer, Jena, pp. 33 - 90, pls. V - X." type="book chapter" year="1880">Schmiđt, 1880;.</bibRefCitation>
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510BFFCAF3EBFABAFF65FA80" box="[153,161,1370,1393]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="534">)</emphasis>
St. Croix?
<quantity id="AB046FEA510BFFCAF2B0FABAFDCDFA83" box="[450,521,1370,1394]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.573" pageId="13" pageNumber="534" unit="m" value="1573.0">1573 m</quantity>
? stem with long teeth
<bibRefCitation id="086DBFFE510BFFCAF5AAFABAF899FA83" author="Topsent" box="[1752,1885,1370,1394]" pageId="13" pageNumber="534" refString="Topsent, E. (1920) Spongiaires du Musee Zoologique de Strasbourg. Monaxonides. Bulletin de l'Institut oceanographique, 1920, 1 - 36." type="journal article" year="1920">Topsent, 1920</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="ABFCB98C510BFFCAF30FFA99FEBCFA61" ID-CoL="69ZG5" authority="Between" authorityName="Between" box="[125,376,1400,1424]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="13" pageNumber="534" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="concrescens">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510BFFCAF30FFA99FF28FA61" box="[125,236,1401,1424]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="534">concrescens</emphasis>
Between
</taxonomicName>
branches. 1930)
<bibRefCitation id="086DBFFE510BFFCAF30FFA76FEC6FA5F" author="Schmidt" box="[125,258,1430,1454]" pageId="13" pageNumber="534" refString="Schmidt, O. (1880) Die Spongien des Meerbusen von Mexico (Und des caraibischen Meeres). Heft II. Abtheilung II. Hexactinelliden. Abtheilung III. Tetractinelliden. Monactinelliden und Anhang. Nachtrage zu Abtheilung I (Lithistiden). In: Reports on the dredging under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz, in the Gulf of Mexico, by the USCSS ' Blake'. Gustav Fischer, Jena, pp. 33 - 90, pls. V - X." type="book chapter" year="1880">Schmiđt, 1880</bibRefCitation>
Floriđa anđ
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6C43C20F510BFFCAF25AFA55FEA6FA3C" blockId="13.[125,1899,593,1638]" box="[296,354,1461,1485]" pageId="13" pageNumber="534">Cuba?</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6C43C20F510BFFCAF30FFA33F8D5F9D9" blockId="13.[125,1899,593,1638]" pageId="13" pageNumber="534">
<taxonomicName id="ABFCB98C510BFFCAF30FFA33FE31FA1A" ID-CoL="84MC5" authority="Guadeloupe, 1000" authorityName="Guadeloupe" authorityYear="1000" box="[125,501,1491,1515]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="13" pageNumber="534" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510BFFCAF30FFA33FEC3FA1A" box="[125,263,1491,1515]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="534">Chondrocladia</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="14EB829F510BFFCAF25AFA33FE5DFA1A" box="[296,409,1491,1515]" name="Guadeloupe" pageId="13" pageNumber="534">Guađeloupe</collectingCountry>
, 1000
</taxonomicName>
(Erect single 728((1606)(420((589)(192((315)(680 41((65)(78, 6 (7) 13((18)(
<date id="1842E4CF510BFFCAF6AEFA33F98FFA1A" box="[1500,1611,1491,1515]" pageId="13" pageNumber="534" value="1934-06-16">34, 6 16</date>
((20)(27 (
<bibRefCitation id="086DBFFE510BFFCAF5ACFA33FF5EF9F8" author="Topsent" pageId="13" pageNumber="534" refString="Topsent, E. (1920) Spongiaires du Musee Zoologique de Strasbourg. Monaxonides. Bulletin de l'Institut oceanographique, 1920, 1 - 36." type="journal article" year="1920">Topsent, 1920,.</bibRefCitation>
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510BFFCAF3EBFA12FECEF9F8" box="[153,266,1521,1545]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="534">
)
<taxonomicName id="ABFCB98C510BFFCAF3D4FA11FECEF9F8" ID-CoL="69ZFX" box="[166,266,1521,1545]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="13" pageNumber="534" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="verticillata">verticillata</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
between
<quantity id="AB046FEA510BFFCAF2B0FA12FDC3F9FB" box="[450,519,1522,1546]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.472" pageId="13" pageNumber="534" unit="m" value="1472.0">1472 m</quantity>
stem with
<date id="1842E4CF510BFFCAF1B9FA12FCEEF9FB" box="[715,810,1522,1546]" pageId="13" pageNumber="534" value="2815-10-13">2815 x 13</date>
(
<date id="1842E4CF510BFFCAF01DFA12FC06F9FB" box="[879,962,1522,1546]" pageId="13" pageNumber="534" value="1240-10-09">1240 x 9</date>
(teeth (5) teeth 1930); this
<bibRefCitation id="086DBFFE510BFFCAF30FF9F0FEC4F9D9" author="Topsent" box="[125,256,1552,1576]" pageId="13" pageNumber="534" refString="Topsent, E. (1920) Spongiaires du Musee Zoologique de Strasbourg. Monaxonides. Bulletin de l'Institut oceanographique, 1920, 1 - 36." type="journal article" year="1920">Topsent, 1920</bibRefCitation>
<collectingRegion id="AE380CED510BFFCAF25AF9F0FEAEF9D9" box="[296,362,1552,1576]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="13" pageNumber="534">Floriđa</collectingRegion>
anđ branches. (27)(38 (15)(27 article
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6C43C20F510BFFCAF25AF9CEFE9BF9B7" blockId="13.[125,1899,593,1638]" box="[296,351,1582,1606]" pageId="13" pageNumber="534">Cuba.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="24E69184510BFFC9F53EF9AEFBF7FA44" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="535" pageId="13" pageNumber="534" type="description">
<paragraph id="6C43C20F510BFFC9F53EF9AEFE8FFD03" blockId="13.[125,1899,593,1638]" lastBlockId="14.[119,1855,731,1388]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="535" pageId="13" pageNumber="534">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D510BFFCAF53EF9AEF8AEF997" box="[1612,1898,1614,1638]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="534">……continued on the next page</emphasis>
<emphasis id="5E881E1D5108FFC9F305FD3BFF1DFD03" bold="true" box="[119,217,731,754]" pageId="14" pageNumber="535">TABLE ³.</emphasis>
(Continueđ)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6C43C20F5108FFC9F26DFCE6F9A6FCB6" blockId="14.[119,1855,731,1388]" pageId="14" pageNumber="535">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D5108FFC9F26DFCE6F9A6FCB6" bold="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="535">
Area Depth Morphology Spicules Source(s)
<taxonomicName id="ABFCB98C5108FFC9F305FCD0F993FCB6" authority="Mycalostyles Anchorate Sigmas Sigman" authorityName="Mycalostyles Anchorate Sigmas Sigman" box="[119,1623,816,839]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Cladorhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="14" pageNumber="535" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D5108FFC9F305FCD0FF19FCB6" bold="true" box="[119,221,816,839]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="535">Cladorhiza</emphasis>
Mycalostyles Anchorate Sigmas Sigman
</taxonomicName>
–
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6C43C20F5108FFC9F7C2FCAEF989FC94" blockId="14.[119,1855,731,1388]" box="[1200,1613,846,869]" pageId="14" pageNumber="535">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D5108FFC9F7C2FCAEF989FC94" bold="true" box="[1200,1613,846,869]" pageId="14" pageNumber="535">anisochelae cistras</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6C43C20F5108FFC9F305FC8BF8D9FC2A" blockId="14.[119,1855,731,1388]" pageId="14" pageNumber="535">
<taxonomicName id="ABFCB98C5108FFC9F305FC8BFF18FC72" box="[119,220,875,899]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Cladorhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="14" pageNumber="535" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D5108FFC9F305FC8BFF18FC72" box="[119,220,875,899]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="535">Cladorhiza</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
East of 1447(Arbuscular. 310(680
<date id="1842E4CF5108FFC9F07FFC8BFB0EFC73" box="[781,1226,875,898]" pageId="14" pageNumber="535" value="1920-10">x 20</date>
(25, 5 teeth 100(140 35(48 (Vacelet &amp;
<emphasis id="5E881E1D5108FFC9F305FC68FF36FC51" box="[119,242,904,928]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="535">methanophila</emphasis>
Barbađos.
<quantity id="AB046FEA5108FFC9F2C7FC69FE3DFC51" box="[437,505,905,928]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.943" pageId="14" pageNumber="535" unit="m" value="4943.0">4943 m</quantity>
5(20
<bibRefCitation id="086DBFFE5108FFC9F5C2FC69F924FC4C" author="Boury-Esnault" pageId="14" pageNumber="535" refString="Vacelet, J. &amp; Boury-Esnault, N. (2002) A new species of carnivorous deep - sea sponge (Demospongiae: Cladorhizidae) associated with methanotrophic bacteria. Cahiers De Biologie Marine, 43, 141 - 148." type="journal article" year="2002">Boury-Esnault, Vacelet &amp; 2002</bibRefCitation>
), Boury-Esnault, unpublisheđ
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6C43C20F5108FFC9F5C2FC02F93DFC08" blockId="14.[119,1855,731,1388]" box="[1712,1785,994,1017]" pageId="14" pageNumber="535">material</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6C43C20F5108FFC9F305FBE2FD42FB8C" blockId="14.[119,1855,731,1388]" pageId="14" pageNumber="535">
<taxonomicName id="ABFCB98C5108FFC9F305FBE2FA34FBE8" authority="Subtylostyles Placochelae Sigmancistras" authorityName="Subtylostyles Placochelae Sigmancistras" box="[119,1520,1026,1049]" class="Demospongiae" family="Guitarridae" genus="Euchelipluma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="14" pageNumber="535" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D5108FFC9F305FBE2FA34FBE8" bold="true" box="[119,1520,1026,1049]" pageId="14" pageNumber="535">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D5108FFC9F305FBE2FF3EFBE8" bold="true" box="[119,250,1026,1049]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="535">Euchelipluma</emphasis>
Subtylostyles Placochelae Sigmancistras
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="ABFCB98C5108FFC9F305FBCAFE26FBB0" authority="Between Dry 1047" authorityName="Between Dry" authorityYear="1047" box="[119,482,1066,1090]" class="Demospongiae" family="Guitarridae" genus="Euchelipluma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="14" pageNumber="535" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D5108FFC9F305FBCAFF37FBB3" box="[119,243,1066,1090]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="535">Euchelipluma</emphasis>
Between Dry
<quantity id="AB046FEA5108FFC9F2C7FBCAFE26FBB0" box="[437,482,1066,1089]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.047" pageId="14" pageNumber="535" unit="m" value="1047.0">1047</quantity>
</taxonomicName>
m Stem 553(
<date id="1842E4CF5108FFC9F191FBCAFB0CFBB0" box="[739,1224,1066,1089]" pageId="14" pageNumber="535" value="1004-10-13">1004 x 13</date>
(15 18(21 (đe Laubenfels,
<emphasis id="5E881E1D5108FFC9F305FBA8FF78FBAE" box="[119,188,1096,1119]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="535">congeri</emphasis>
đe Tortugas anđ expanđing 9(13 1936) Laubenfels, Cuba. into conical
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6C43C20F5108FFC9F16CFB63FDB2FB6B" blockId="14.[119,1855,731,1388]" box="[542,630,1155,1178]" pageId="14" pageNumber="535">apex with</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6C43C20F5108FFC9F16CFB41FDBCFB49" blockId="14.[119,1855,731,1388]" box="[542,632,1185,1208]" pageId="14" pageNumber="535">filaments.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6C43C20F5108FFC9F305FB21FA72FB29" blockId="14.[119,1855,731,1388]" box="[119,1462,1217,1240]" pageId="14" pageNumber="535">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D5108FFC9F305FB21FA72FB29" bold="true" box="[119,1462,1217,1240]" pageId="14" pageNumber="535">
<taxonomicName id="ABFCB98C5108FFC9F305FB21FD35FB29" authority="Styles" authorityName="Styles" box="[119,753,1217,1240]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Lycopodina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="14" pageNumber="535" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D5108FFC9F305FB21FF27FB29" bold="true" box="[119,227,1217,1240]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="535">Lycopodina</emphasis>
Styles
</taxonomicName>
/ Subtylostyles Tapering Arcuate Forceps
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6C43C20F5108FFC9F1CBFB3FFA71FB07" blockId="14.[119,1855,731,1388]" box="[697,1461,1247,1270]" pageId="14" pageNumber="535">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D5108FFC9F1CBFB3FFA71FB07" bold="true" box="[697,1461,1247,1270]" pageId="14" pageNumber="535">subtylostyles subtylostyles anisochelae spicules</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6C43C20F5108FFC9F305FB1CFA7BFA9D" blockId="14.[119,1855,731,1388]" pageId="14" pageNumber="535">
<materialsCitation id="DC94C8525108FFC9F305FB1CFA7BFA9D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1323872817" collectingDate="x 5" collectingDateMax="x 3" collectingDateMin="x 5" country="Barbados" county="Levinsen" elevation="1947" location="Present" municipality="Hestetun" pageId="14" pageNumber="535" specimenCount="1">
<taxonomicName id="ABFCB98C5108FFC9F305FB1CFF25FAE5" box="[119,225,1276,1300]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Lycopodina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="14" pageNumber="535" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D5108FFC9F305FB1CFF25FAE5" box="[119,225,1276,1300]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="535">Lycopodina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
South of
<elevation id="E7D1253C5108FFC9F2C7FB1CFE3DFAE2" box="[437,505,1276,1299]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9469999999999998" pageId="14" pageNumber="535" unit="m" value="1947.0">
<quantity id="AB046FEA5108FFC9F2C7FB1CFE3DFAE2" box="[437,505,1276,1299]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9469999999999998" pageId="14" pageNumber="535" unit="m" value="1947.0">1947 m</quantity>
</elevation>
Peđunculateđ 280(570
<collectingDate id="08061D275108FFC9F07FFB1CFCE8FAE2" box="[781,812,1276,1299]" pageId="14" pageNumber="535">
<date id="1842E4CF5108FFC9F07FFB1CFCE8FAE2" box="[781,812,1276,1299]" pageId="14" pageNumber="535">x 5</date>
</collectingDate>
(132(274
<collectingDate id="08061D275108FFC9F0DCFB1CFC0EFAE2" box="[942,970,1276,1299]" pageId="14" pageNumber="535">
<date id="1842E4CF5108FFC9F0DCFB1CFC0EFAE2" box="[942,970,1276,1299]" pageId="14" pageNumber="535">x 3</date>
</collectingDate>
(6 450(910
<collectingDate id="08061D275108FFC9F73CFB1CFBAFFAE2" box="[1102,1131,1276,1299]" pageId="14" pageNumber="535">
<date id="1842E4CF5108FFC9F73CFB1CFBAFFAE2" box="[1102,1131,1276,1299]" pageId="14" pageNumber="535">x 3</date>
</collectingDate>
(6 16((18.5)(20
<location id="692394D45108FFC9F618FB1CFA68FAE2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E45573195101FFC9F3E5FE72FBF7FA44:692394D45108FFC9F618FB1CFA68FAE2" box="[1386,1452,1276,1299]" country="Barbados" county="Levinsen" municipality="Hestetun" name="Present" pageId="14" pageNumber="535">Present</location>
in (
<collectingMunicipality id="8C2758755108FFC9F5C5FB1CF8C2FAE2" box="[1719,1798,1276,1299]" pageId="14" pageNumber="535">Hestetun</collectingMunicipality>
<emphasis id="5E881E1D5108FFC9F47EFB1CF8FEFAE5" box="[1804,1850,1276,1300]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="535">et al.</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="ABFCB98C5108FFC9F305FAFAFF2BFAC3" box="[119,239,1306,1330]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Lycopodina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="14" pageNumber="535" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="infundibulum">
<emphasis id="5E881E1D5108FFC9F305FAFAFF2BFAC3" box="[119,239,1306,1330]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="535">infundibulum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<collectingCountry id="14EB829F5108FFC9F26DFAFAFEB2FAC0" box="[287,374,1306,1329]" name="Barbados" pageId="14" pageNumber="535">Barbađos</collectingCountry>
. cup. 8 species, not 2015)
<collectingCounty id="8522BA835108FFC9F30FFAD8FF16FABE" box="[125,210,1336,1359]" pageId="14" pageNumber="535">Levinsen</collectingCounty>
, present in)* specimen
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6C43C20F5108FFC9F3F2FA7EFBF7FA44" blockId="14.[128,1075,1438,1461]" box="[128,1075,1438,1461]" pageId="14" pageNumber="535">
This species is also founđ in the North Atlantic anđ Arctic. Data given is for the
<collectingCountry id="14EB829F5108FFC9F023FA7EFC61FA44" box="[849,933,1438,1461]" name="Barbados" pageId="14" pageNumber="535">Barbađos</collectingCountry>
specimen only.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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