198 lines
21 KiB
XML
198 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document id="04C0948FB156125CE317C79B16E4575A" ID-CLB-Dataset="34745" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.641.10434" ID-GBIF-Dataset="281cb2fc-9ab3-4b18-9362-bbcb87319de7" ID-PMC="PMC5240351" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-641-121" ID-PubMed="28138294" ID-ZooBank="C7D026DE5A4F47A6AE58418FC0ACCA9C" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1313-2970-641-121" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 641" ModsDocTitle="Phylogeographic, morphometric and taxonomic re-evaluation of the river sardine, Mesobolabrevianalis (Boulenger, 1908) (Teleostei, Cyprinidae, Chedrini)" checkinTime="1481961266945" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Riddin, Megan A., Bills, I. Roger & Villet, Martin H." docDate="2016" docId="E44B333E51186AD99389B11D0692F021" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 641: 121-150" docOrigin="ZooKeys 641" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.641.10434" docTitle="Engraulicypris ngalala Riddin, Villet & Bills, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="5A3FD50F-25DF-49B8-86BD-EB911A238DFF" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="140" masterDocId="327D5072FF9DFFCBFF88FFBFFF8F1271" masterDocTitle="Phylogeographic, morphometric and taxonomic re-evaluation of the river sardine, Mesobolabrevianalis (Boulenger, 1908) (Teleostei, Cyprinidae, Chedrini)" masterLastPageNumber="150" masterPageNumber="121" pageNumber="138" updateTime="1701381730590" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="5FA1AC2EB662D8F772590A074F120456">Phylogeographic, morphometric and taxonomic re-evaluation of the river sardine, Mesobolabrevianalis (Boulenger, 1908) (Teleostei, Cyprinidae, Chedrini)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="290AF3970DEA77453661639E3F0F2C37">Riddin, Megan A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7CED3EF889E1EFAA63B7E9A34ED12F1D">Bills, I. Roger</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="438FEE1A952BD48E23BCB62183806815">Villet, Martin H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="ABBA2C424B986BB20184683D493669F9">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="773432B976FDD617A1E041727D352EAF">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="69738DF724EB4A0B21A294A48C1F3EEB">641</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="B77B94308FA9D1402CEC46F38C494645">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="CA03B06C3FC69E45BF1478F0C45D99E9" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.641.10434</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="E44B333E51186AD99389B11D0692F021" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127879808" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5A3FD50F-25DF-49B8-86BD-EB911A238DFF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E44B333E51186AD99389B11D0692F021" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="140" pageId="17" pageNumber="138">
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<subSubSection id="CCC385FB74CD271ED9249CACE2BDC303" pageId="17" pageNumber="138" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="64CBB81F343822A2381979676A441505" pageId="17" pageNumber="138">
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<taxonomicName id="426D087ECFA8B0330F0823D90849F518" ID-CoL="39TJY" LSID="http://zoobank.org/5A3FD50F-25DF-49B8-86BD-EB911A238DFF" authority="Riddin, Villet & Bills" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Engraulicypris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Engraulicypris ngalala" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ngalala">Engraulicypris ngalala Riddin, Villet & Bills</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="C723FCBE2363E7DC62C2CDC4FACF5729" pageId="17" pageNumber="138">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="547D64C327AB033279934D2E0BA9F11F" pageId="17" pageNumber="138" type="holotype">
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<paragraph id="F8D75AB2454C48F8FFFE66BDA66E1929" pageId="17" pageNumber="138">Holotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0970788567765CC89B6DAB0F9208FF36" pageId="17" pageNumber="138">
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SAIAB 74087 A, GenBank KX788909, unsexed, SL 40 mm. "Lucheringo River, Singa Hunting Camp, Mozambique,
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<geoCoordinate id="C54383371D6F2087264BB97EF543CCE0" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-11.815556">11°48'56"S</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="4735D2A040E0405EB5983847161975F4" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="36.220833">36°13'15"E</geoCoordinate>
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, 25 August 2003, I.R. Bills, seine net". In 70% ethanol [SAIAB].
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="FB5E21F156839A42DAC928B9A49D870D" pageId="17" pageNumber="138" type="paratypes">
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<paragraph id="6019C02998162AB58595DB576A4F709C" pageId="17" pageNumber="138">Paratypes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="EFCE549D1E1F6451506FB260CC776F86" pageId="17" pageNumber="138">
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SAIAB 193064, 2 unsexed, SL 42-45 mm, collected with holotype; SAIAB 73944, 29 unsexed, 2 cleared & stained, SL 18-29 mm, Rovuma River below Chamba, Mozambique,
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<geoCoordinate id="8AED4B84098F307B67574C402C2993C5" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-12.596389">12°35'47"S</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="B64714EECB75373907BF681A69E576A0" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="36.93556">36°56'8"E</geoCoordinate>
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, 19 August 2003, I.R. Bills; SAIAB 39269, 11 unsexed, 1 cleared and stained, SL 42-53 mm. Lake Chiuta at Mthubula Beach, Malawi,
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<geoCoordinate id="1F2BED9F5E00EA2BB728259389F35AC2" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-15.309167">14°78'33"S</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="DFA08748A7123C304A11BAE8B346B2C8" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="36.3925">35°83'33"E</geoCoordinate>
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, 13 July 1992, P. Skelton & D. Tweddle [SAIAB].
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A40F2CB71831BB2000461DD90842C1B3" pageId="17" pageNumber="138" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="DDF9CA389BB253C8AC1128082396619F" pageId="17" pageNumber="138">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7CDD490915C778221B30349CC0EF5FC3" pageId="17" pageNumber="138">Operculum shiny only on ventral posterior edge and small area at posterior edge of orbit (not entire area); body midline black (not silver); head with tubercles along lower jaw and lower head in breeding males; snout rounded (not pointed); iris white to light grey (not dark grey) with a few melanophores; pelvic fin melanophores present, dark and widely dispersed.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9AAA432AB2689B7900FA438145C0C790" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="140" pageId="17" pageNumber="138" type="morphology">
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<paragraph id="DC1772EE30155C3457AED9303B9723F7" pageId="17" pageNumber="138">Morphology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AA4DE988D1ECCAB9810D6288663E45AC" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="139" pageId="17" pageNumber="138">
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(Figs 6-8; Table 8). Maximum SL 51 mm. Body elongated; somewhat fusiform; laterally compressed. Maximum body depth midway along body. Pre-dorsal profile straight or slightly convex behind head. Head length 18% of SL; with tubercles along lower jaw and lower head. Snout rounded; short; 33% of head length.
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<pageBreakToken id="66B346614A27795C019A6DDBFAD36EF9" pageId="18" pageNumber="139" start="start">Mouth</pageBreakToken>
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terminal; slightly crescent-shaped with long anterior side. Nostrils large; level with dorsal margin of eye; separated from orbit by less than one orbit radius. Tubular anterior naris short; adjacent to open posterior naris. Eye lateral; visible from above and below (more prominent); diameter 43% of head length. First gill arch with 13+3 gill rakers on cerato- and epibranchial arms, respectively. Gill rakers long; pointed; widely-spaced. Pharyngeal bones in four rows. Pharyngeal teeth 5,3,2,1-1,2,3,5; slender and long; falcate.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DE9C50B943E9D08B2DFE1E6AE55A6ED5" pageId="18" pageNumber="139">
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<paragraph id="69DCA82A7DFE9E4DC77B924DF8B34E0E" pageId="18" pageNumber="139">
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Table 8. Morphometric measurements and meristic counts for
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<taxonomicName id="CA4434A87D4C28DF2EC5E70F6C140D4D" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Engraulicypris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Engraulicypris ngalala" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="139" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ngalala">Engraulicypris ngalala</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="9959219A4DC7D19A003F1EF6F08F57DE" pageId="18" pageNumber="139">
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<table id="3AB361DA51533460518133BD89C459D7" pageId="18" pageNumber="139">
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<tr id="A837DCAF050B316B7E8D32D4A9C1B43B" pageId="18" pageNumber="139">
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<th id="A994D0ECB9FFE5F2868F26E27678D107" colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="139" rowspan="1">Measurement</th>
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<th id="A8115DC864C4000FB2AEC9E34548EA93" colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="139" rowspan="1">n</th>
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<th id="4051EBEE0231D1A6DB8EA9AD3AD4E36A" colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="139" rowspan="1">Holotype</th>
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<th id="4A5C961A591A70EA0E0919C170DD3E0C" colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="139" rowspan="1">Max</th>
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<th id="34660C22834D77815463D71B22CEA6EC" colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="139" rowspan="1">Min</th>
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<th id="D6B38DC7DDE711AA792178424A234AFC" colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="139" rowspan="1">Mean</th>
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<th id="51A776460210666C748C429B6BB623BE" colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="139" rowspan="1">SD</th>
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</tr>
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<tr id="C6F511B2A722A1C275D03E0596F9A1D1" pageId="18" pageNumber="139">
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<td id="FEF1B5078F2529D1B8C59FB2D8065F08" colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="139" rowspan="1">SL</td>
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</tr>
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<tr id="4B095211DEC2C81D9953E54A9DA0C104" pageId="18" pageNumber="139">
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<td id="366300098189CFC79589394DD40EB553" colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="139" rowspan="1">SL</td>
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</tr>
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<tr id="D59C31FE7BA389CC2F46F9C1B5DEF00D" pageId="18" pageNumber="139">
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<td id="C6A993FF49EA7048DE967A15938E55FF" colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="139" rowspan="1">SL</td>
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</tr>
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<tr id="31E5C80AB16101BE85A7595C13197B51" pageId="18" pageNumber="139">
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<td id="5D377BBC9F0F3562176B05BCA85F5FB5" colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="139" rowspan="1">SL</td>
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</tr>
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<tr id="A2688FCEF942D96C61D846254781D117" pageId="18" pageNumber="139">
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<td id="D9904A46833364692CCEE35392101DD7" colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="139" rowspan="1">SL</td>
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</tr>
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<tr id="88B5CC7E341002911EA2C90B002DFF7B" pageId="18" pageNumber="139">
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<td id="698345E2A26AE827174C389DC688E6F5" colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="139" rowspan="1">SL</td>
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</tr>
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<tr id="162E9C7A650331D5F337E5B57A40135C" pageId="18" pageNumber="139">
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<td id="EE73842F8A06DC12E6BB165DB3AD1C3B" colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="139" rowspan="1">SL</td>
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</tr>
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<tr id="85C63DE0859E9A86E3331F573109D851" pageId="18" pageNumber="139">
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<td id="2B95773138F4987AB6BDD5AA3A01C9E7" colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="139" rowspan="1">SL</td>
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</tr>
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<tr id="5EC30422F2916B44D79CCE814525799B" pageId="18" pageNumber="139">
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<td id="3D326B688920BFBE0C408642204468B9" colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="139" rowspan="1">SL</td>
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</tr>
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<tr id="40827E8FF19C8BB960EBC7F21CA38415" pageId="18" pageNumber="139">
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<td id="D8EB76DBF1D8CC7C1C04EDDA001B4065" colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="139" rowspan="1">SL</td>
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</tr>
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<tr id="B7394FEED0731B44A206D46BBC22C928" pageId="18" pageNumber="139">
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<td id="D6F85934232DA0C57A1898712BADEB06" colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="139" rowspan="1">SL</td>
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</tr>
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<tr id="99B5370D1C9D30B2E446797F58FAA2BD" pageId="18" pageNumber="139">
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<td id="846ECCC8FA54964BB25F79A40C45798D" colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="139" rowspan="1">SL</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7020C85174585AEA54789366A455182C" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="140" pageId="18" pageNumber="139">
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Modal fin formulae in Table 8. Fins large in relation to body size. Dorsal fin closer to caudal fin than tip of snout; more or less above origin of anal fin; length 14% of
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<pageBreakToken id="3E7EC8B04F0B8F994A129EFC79F8B938" pageId="19" pageNumber="140" start="start">SL</pageBreakToken>
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; posterior margin straight; rays soft; anterior-most branched fin ray longest. Dorsal and anal fin point parallel. Pectoral fins largest; reaching 1/2 to 3/4 distance to base of pelvic fin; fin lacking lobe at base. Pelvic fins reaching 2/3 distance to base of anal fin; relatively small; pointed; fin lacking a basal lobe. Anal fin moderately long; extending 2/3 length of caudal peduncle; last unbranched ray longest. Ano-genital opening at anterior of base of anal fin. Caudal peduncle moderately long; depth half of length. Caudal fin forked; lobes slightly concave interior lobe into point; upper lobe shorter.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="63C45848707862A568E23FD04F5A6433" pageId="19" pageNumber="140">Scales small to medium relative to body size; in regular rows; cycloid; radially striate; rounded, slightly elongate. Base of anal fin lacking sheath of enlarged, elongate scales. Lateral line present; complete; dipping sharply towards ventral at tip of pectoral fin; joins midline at posterior of caudal peduncle; scale count 51-52 (n = 2) along lateral line, 14-16 (n = 3) around caudal peduncle.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D6B833D819F98A40AA4173438C4419FF" pageId="19" pageNumber="140" type="live colouration">
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<paragraph id="37C89741274DCD1A703F99B548465BE3" pageId="19" pageNumber="140">Live colouration.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="404E8912740E320B735612D363B3B60B" pageId="19" pageNumber="140">(Fig. 6). Body and head white ventrally with pale brown dorsal surface. Body midline black; colouration without vertical bars or bands. Dorsal surface with ubiquitous melanophores. Snout with dense dark spotting on tip. Operculum shiny only on ventral posterior edge and small area at posterior edge of orbit. Iris white to light grey with a few melanophores. Dorsal fin membrane clear; rays clear with dark melanophores. Caudal fin membrane clear to pale orange towards midline; rays dark brown to black, lighter towards edge; melanophores abundant and fading towards tips. Anal fin rays clear; membrane clear; pale orange spotting above origin; melanophores dark brown fading towards tips. Pectoral fin membranes clear; rays clear; first ray with abundant dark melanophores. Pelvic fin rays clear; membrane clear.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CAF75DD6C8849FB4C9C7C62830963696" pageId="19" pageNumber="140" type="preserved colouration">
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<paragraph id="0652EC26EEE8F531B99530EE6C7BFA23" pageId="19" pageNumber="140">Preserved colouration.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A27D2A81D205E4C3462BD22A8C2536DF" pageId="19" pageNumber="140">(Fig. 7). Body and head pale yellow with dark brown spotting on dorsal surface and midline. Scales on dorsal surface lightly pigmented. Ventral scale pigmentation less intense than dorsal. Dorsal surface of head lightly pigmented. Melanophores small, dark; grouped on rear of head, below orbit, and on lips and snout; along midline, increasing in intensity to caudal fin; browner on dorsal surface, darkening between origin of pectoral and dorsal fin; forming small dark line above anal fin. Operculum and posterior base on orbit with silver sheen. Membranes between fin rays white to clear towards end. Pelvic fin clear membranes with melanophores on first ray. Dorsal, caudal and pectoral fin rays with melanophores small, widely-spaced, fading towards edges; pale brown to clear.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0AFD2FE7C6371987AAA00E079A236F20" pageId="19" pageNumber="140" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="FDB0D0325DDB712C319FE179294EB47A" pageId="19" pageNumber="140">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0FEF4D426A1752B01BFAFF1E1C242460" pageId="19" pageNumber="140">
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In the Cyao language spoken in the Niassa region of northern Mozambique, the name
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<normalizedToken id="7EA57CFE09A6510EE785A7D87469DDA6" originalValue="‘ngalala’">'ngalala'</normalizedToken>
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denotes any, small, compressed, silvery fish, including
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<taxonomicName id="F2CBD5DB09116B1F86D52E67420F0744" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Mesobola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mesobola" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="140" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Mesobola</taxonomicName>
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and species of
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<taxonomicName id="14B30704F39911C5CB005AA7D62BD325" family="Alestidae" genus="Brycinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brycinus" order="Characiformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="140" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Brycinus</taxonomicName>
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Valenciennes, 1850 and
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<taxonomicName id="21BBB55F592845F512D99121BE4B350B" family="Alestidae" genus="Hemigrammopetersius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hemigrammopetersius" order="Characiformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="140" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Hemigrammopetersius</taxonomicName>
|
||
Pellegrin, 1926. The epithet is treated as a nominative singular noun in apposition.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3B612B58431E53E5B0A0F8C5F82150D4" pageId="19" pageNumber="140" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="94760B055EA342CE26852BB38E80306A" pageId="19" pageNumber="140">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2715CFA8D3627DDA0B1CF85BAB89C044" pageId="19" pageNumber="140">Mozambique, Malawi: Rovuma River system and Lake Chiuta.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="AE4161066372FDD13513A89BA2A0CAC3" pageId="19" pageNumber="140" type="type locality">
|
||
<paragraph id="17F779E6A84AC7DE1D9FCB5768AD62F6" pageId="19" pageNumber="140">Type locality.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="61F2306736445E7E64BBDE8B242D915F" pageId="19" pageNumber="140">
|
||
Lucheringo River below rapids at Singa hunting camp (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="CDFD5C83286A6E80EDBDFF9BC81531AA" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-11.815556">11°48'56"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="2A443A92F066ADCA8288596CA0B37D30" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="36.220833">36°13'15"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), Mozambique.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="682F96D00D07DA9F2C5413305BF4B9B1" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="141" pageId="19" pageNumber="140" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="73D4C54A0DC0222EDDC3B4904E17A46E" pageId="19" pageNumber="140">Biology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DF177491292D2B5FE2A13F4F77C1F742" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="141" pageId="19" pageNumber="140">
|
||
This species is found in ecological conditions very similar to those characteristic of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FF5CF11A2A07BA9C26CE126EED61FD22" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Engraulicypris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Engraulicypris gariepinus" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="140" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gariepinus">Engraulicypris gariepinus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F343F62BCE30BC703C253379C67B0C52" author="Bills, IR" journalOrPublisher="SAIAB, Grahamstown" pageId="20" pageNumber="141" title="A survey of the fishes and fisheries in the Niassa Reserve, Niassa and Cabo Delgado Provinces, Mozambique (10 - 30 / 8 / 2003)." volumeTitle="SAIAB Investigational Report" year="2004">Bills 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It favours big rivers, gathering in slack, turbid and shallow regions with sandy, rocky or muddy substrates. In Lake Chiuta specimens were caught in reed beds along the margins. The Lake Chiuta and Rovuma River
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="C5D04E612CCD36DDDFA4461F3DAF2788" pageId="20" pageNumber="141" start="start">stocks</pageBreakToken>
|
||
may differ ecologically because Lake Chiuta offers a lacustrine pelagic and benthic prey community (copepods, etc.) that is not found in the Rovuma River channel, where fish would predominantly have access to invertebrate drift.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |