243 lines
27 KiB
XML
243 lines
27 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0e5e47a0-f8f3-4039-b0e1-c159fef0b9f6" ID-PMC="PMC4714384" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-544-1" ID-PubMed="26798289" ID-ZBK="C5978BD0145B40F8ACDEB27371B7B9A4" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1313-2970-544-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 544" ModsDocTitle="The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation" checkinTime="1451243640953" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Liebherr, James K." docDate="2015" docId="E421D27F035B49E65D29C9DACA8F5490" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 544: 1-407" docOrigin="ZooKeys 544" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074" docTitle="Mecyclothorax hephaestoides Liebherr, 2015, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="4794D8F3-BEC5-4CE4-9A9F-4CEE7686A4C0" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="269" masterDocId="FF92FFC2FF9FFFC7191EFFB8FF91AF5D" masterDocTitle="The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation" masterLastPageNumber="407" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="265" updateTime="1668162300918" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Liebherr, James K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>544</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>407</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-544-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">C5978BD0145B40F8ACDEB27371B7B9A4</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">C5978BD0145B40F8ACDEB27371B7B9A4</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127853539" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4794D8F3-BEC5-4CE4-9A9F-4CEE7686A4C0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E421D27F035B49E65D29C9DACA8F5490" lastPageId="268" lastPageNumber="269" pageId="264" pageNumber="265">
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<subSubSection pageId="264" pageNumber="265" type="multiple">
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<paragraph pageId="264" pageNumber="265">Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="264" pageNumber="265" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="264" pageNumber="265">
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(106)
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/4794D8F3-BEC5-4CE4-9A9F-4CEE7686A4C0" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax hephaestoides" order="Coleoptera" pageId="264" pageNumber="265" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hephaestoides">Mecyclothorax hephaestoides</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="264" pageNumber="265">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 143A, 144
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
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, 145A, 146A, 147
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="264" pageNumber="265" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="264" pageNumber="265">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="264" pageNumber="265">Beetles of this species are larger than all others assigned to this species group, standardized body length 5.7-6.0 mm (Fig. 143A), and are the only ones with a quadrisetose pronotum. Body coloration is uniformly dark, rufopiceous to rufobrunneous, with the elytral margins only narrowly rufoflavous. The discal elytral striae are distinctly punctate, with striae 1-3 impressed on the disc, and striae 4-5 indicated by more isolated punctures. Both the apical and subapical elytral setae are present. Setal formula 2 2 2 2.</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="264" pageNumber="265">
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<paragraph pageId="264" pageNumber="265">
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Figure 143.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax palustris" order="Coleoptera" pageId="264" pageNumber="265" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palustris">Mecyclothorax palustris</taxonomicName>
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group species, dorsal habitus view. A
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax hephaestoides" order="Coleoptera" pageId="264" pageNumber="265" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hephaestoides">Mecyclothorax hephaestoides</taxonomicName>
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(
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Halemau‘u">Halemau'u</normalizedToken>
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Tr., 2315 m) B
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax oculellus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="264" pageNumber="265" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oculellus">Mecyclothorax oculellus</taxonomicName>
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(Honomanu, 1750 m) C
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax bicoloris" order="Coleoptera" pageId="264" pageNumber="265" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicoloris">Mecyclothorax bicoloris</taxonomicName>
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. (Ukulele Camp Pipeline, 1510 m) D
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax bicoloratus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="264" pageNumber="265" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicoloratus">Mecyclothorax bicoloratus</taxonomicName>
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(
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Helele‘ike‘oha">Helele'ike'oha</normalizedToken>
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, 1615 m).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="266" lastPageNumber="267" pageId="265" pageNumber="266" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="265" pageNumber="266">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="265" pageNumber="266" start="start">Description</pageBreakToken>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="266" lastPageNumber="267" pageId="265" pageNumber="266">
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(n = 5). Head capsule with frontal grooves deep near clypeus, divergent mesad broad lateral convexity anterad eye, parallel mesad anterior supraorbital seta; dorsal impression of neck distinct, concave, visible in dorsal view; ocular lobe obtusely protruded from gena, eyes moderately convex, ocular ratio = 1.44-1.51, not covering posterior portion of ocular lobe, ocular lobe ratio = 0.76-0.81; labral anterior margin broadly emarginate to 1/6 of labral length; antennae filiform, antennomeres 2-3 with only a few setae basad apical rings; mentum tooth with sides acute, apex tightly rounded. Pronotum moderately transverse, MPW/PL = 1.20-1.25, lateral margins subparallel laterad basal pronotal setal articulatory sockets, hind angles obtuse, apex tightly rounded; median base depressed relative to disc,>20 distinct punctures each side, the punctures elongate along juncture with disc; basal margin broadly convex between laterobasal depressions; median longitudinal impression very fine, obsolete on disc, distinct just anterad median base; anterior transverse impression finely incised, deep, small punctures in deepest part; anterior callosity convex, smooth; front angles not produced, rounded posterad front margin; pronotal apical width subequal to pronotal basal width, APW/BPW = 0.99-1.07; lateral marginal depression moderately broad, reflexed, broader with minute bead at front angle; laterobasal depression deep, surface irregular, continuous with lateral depression. Proepisternum with 5 distinct punctures along hind marginal groove; prosternal process with broad median depression, lateral margins broadly beaded between coxae. Elytra subquadrate, disc moderately convex, sides evenly sloped to lateral marginal depression; basal groove subangulate at sutural stria, extended laterally to rounded humerus defined by a hitch at the juncture of narrow basal groove and broader lateral depression, MEW/HuW ratio = 2.06-2.12; parascutellar seta present; parascutellar striole with 5-7 punctures, striole shallow to coplanar with disc between punctures; sutural interval more convex than lateral intervals throughout length; sutural stria traceable to basal groove, deep and narrow apically, 2nd stria obsolete basally, shallow and broad apically; discal striae 3-5 progressively shallower and less extended apically, all absent from base, stria 6 represented by a few very shallow punctures or absent, stria 7 absent; 8th interval convex 7th stria at position of subapical elytral seta; 2 dorsal elytral setae at 0.29
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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and 0.62-0.64 elytral length, setal impressions evident but spanning only
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<normalizedToken originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
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width of interval 3; apical and subapical setae present; lateral elytral setae arranged in anterior series of 7 setae and posterior series of 5-7 setae; elytral marginal depression narrow, edge slightly upraised at humerus, narrowed to bead at subapical sinuation; subapical sinuation shallow, more abruptly incurved apically. Mesepisternum with ~12 punctures in 2-3 rows; metepisternal width to length ratio = 0.69; metepisternum/metepimeron suture distinct. Abdomen with irregular lateral wrinkles on ventrites 1-6, lateral depressions on ventrites 3-6; suture between ventrites 2 and 3 complete; apical male ventrite with 2 marginal setae and apical female ventrite with 4 equally spaced setae and median trapezoid of 4 subequal, short setae. Legs-metatarsomere 1/metatibial length ratio = 0.17; metatarsomere 4 length along outer lobe 1.3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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medial tarsomere length, apical and subapical setae present; metatarsal dorsolateral sulci narrow, lateral, median area broad. Microsculpture of vertex a shallow transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–3×">-3x</normalizedToken>
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length; pronotal disc with
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<pageBreakToken pageId="266" pageNumber="267" start="start">indistinct</pageBreakToken>
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elongate transverse mesh to transverse lines, transverse sculpticell breadth 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–4×">-4x</normalizedToken>
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length, median base with distinct transverse mesh between punctures, sculpticell breadth 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–3×">-3x</normalizedToken>
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length; elytral disc and apex with distinct, regular transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–3×">-3x</normalizedToken>
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length; metasternum with obsolete transverse mesh, the surface glossy; laterobasal abdominal ventrites with swirling isodiametric and transverse microsculpture. Coloration of vertex rufobrunneous with piceous cast; antennomeres 1-3 rufoflavous, 4-11 rufobrunneous; pronotal disc rufopiceous, lateral margins narrowly, and base and apex more broadly rufobrunneous; proepipleuron rufobrunneous dorsally, rufoflavous along ventral margin, proepisternum dark rufobrunneous; elytral disc rufopiceous, sutural interval narrowly rufous along suture in basal 2/3, narrowly rufoflavous apically; elytral lateral marginal depression narrowly rufoflavous, elytral apex narrowly rufoflavous apicad subapical sinuation; elytral epipleuron dark rufoflavous, ventrally rufopiceous, metepisternum rufopiceous with cupreous reflection; abdominal ventrites 1-6 rufobrunneous mediobasally, rufoflavous on lateral and apical margins except apical 1/3 of ventrite 6 paler, rufobrunneous; metafemur rufoflavous with basal piceous cloud; metatibia rufoflavous with brunneous cast.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="266" pageNumber="267">
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Male genitalia (n = 4). Aedeagal median lobe elongate, gracile, distance from parameral articulation to tip 4.2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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depth at midlength (Fig. 144A, C); apex elongate, narrowly extended 5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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its minimum depth beyond ostial opening, the tip expanded dorsally as a blunt tooth, and ventrally as rounded tip with oblique, straight, apical face; median lobe straight in ventral view, but apex offset to right side, dorsal (left) margin straight in ventral view, but apex offset to right side, dorsal (left) margin angled to meet thin apex (Fig. 144B); internal sac broad, breadth about 0.67
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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distance from ventral ostial margin to base of flagellar plate, a broad, transverse dorsal ostial microtrichial patch defined by shingled macrospicules present near base; flagellar plate moderately long, length 0.42
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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parameral articulation-tip distance.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="266" pageNumber="267">
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<paragraph pageId="266" pageNumber="267">
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Figure 144. Male aedeagus,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax palustris" order="Coleoptera" pageId="266" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palustris">Mecyclothorax palustris</taxonomicName>
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group species (for abbreviations see Table 2, p. 23).
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax hephaestoides" order="Coleoptera" pageId="266" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hephaestoides">Mecyclothorax hephaestoides</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
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Right and ventral views (
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Halemau‘u">Halemau'u</normalizedToken>
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Tr., 2315 m) C Right view, sac everted (ESE Kuiki, 2145 m)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="D–G">D-G</normalizedToken>
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax bicoloris" order="Coleoptera" pageId="266" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicoloris">Mecyclothorax bicoloris</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="D–E">D-E</normalizedToken>
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Right and ventral views (Ukulele Camp Pipeline, 1510 m) F Right view (Honomanu, 1700 m). G Right view, sac everted (Ukulele Camp Pipeline, 1510 m)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="H–I">H-I</normalizedToken>
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax bicoloratus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="266" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicoloratus">Mecyclothorax bicoloratus</taxonomicName>
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, right views (
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Helele‘ike‘oha">Helele'ike'oha</normalizedToken>
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, 1615 m).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="266" pageNumber="267">
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Female reproductive tract (n = 1). Bursa copulatrix columnar with expanded apex, length 1.50 mm, apical breadth 0.68 mm, basal breadth 0.34 mm (Fig. 145A); bursal walls translucent, thickly wrinkled; gonocoxite 1 with 4-5 apical fringe setae, the medial seta smaller, a curved seta at medioapical angle and 6-7 smaller setae on medial surface (Fig. 146A); gonocoxite 2 falcate with subacuminate apex, broad basal extension little curved at lateral terminus, 2 lateral ensiform setae, apical nematiform setae on medioventral surface at 0.71
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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gonocoxite length.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="266" pageNumber="267">
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<paragraph pageId="266" pageNumber="267">
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Figure 145. Female bursa copulatrix and associated reproductive structures,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax palustris" order="Coleoptera" pageId="266" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palustris">Mecyclothorax palustris</taxonomicName>
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group species, ventral view (for abbreviations see Table 2, p. 23). A
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax hephaestoides" order="Coleoptera" pageId="266" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hephaestoides">Mecyclothorax hephaestoides</taxonomicName>
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(ESE Kuiki, 2145 m) B
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax bicoloris" order="Coleoptera" pageId="266" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicoloris">Mecyclothorax bicoloris</taxonomicName>
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(Honomanu, 1700 m) C
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax bicoloratus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="266" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicoloratus">Mecyclothorax bicoloratus</taxonomicName>
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(
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Helele‘ike‘oha">Helele'ike'oha</normalizedToken>
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, 1615 m) D
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax bilobatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="266" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bilobatus">Mecyclothorax bilobatus</taxonomicName>
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(
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Helele‘ike‘oha">Helele'ike'oha</normalizedToken>
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, 1615 m) E
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax palustroides" order="Coleoptera" pageId="266" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palustroides">Mecyclothorax palustroides</taxonomicName>
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(Kīpahulu, 1960 m). Scale bar = 0.50 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="266" pageNumber="267">
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<paragraph pageId="266" pageNumber="267">
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Figure 146. Left female gonocoxa,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax palustris" order="Coleoptera" pageId="266" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palustris">Mecyclothorax palustris</taxonomicName>
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group species, ventral view. A
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax hephaestoides" order="Coleoptera" pageId="266" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hephaestoides">Mecyclothorax hephaestoides</taxonomicName>
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(ESE Kuiki, 2145 m) B
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax bicoloris" order="Coleoptera" pageId="266" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicoloris">Mecyclothorax bicoloris</taxonomicName>
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(Honomanu, 1700 m) C
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax bicoloratus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="266" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicoloratus">Mecyclothorax bicoloratus</taxonomicName>
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(
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Helele‘ike‘oha">Helele'ike'oha</normalizedToken>
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, 1615 m) D
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax bilobatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="266" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bilobatus">Mecyclothorax bilobatus</taxonomicName>
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(
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Helele‘ike‘oha">Helele'ike'oha</normalizedToken>
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, 1615 m) E
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax palustroides" order="Coleoptera" pageId="266" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palustroides">Mecyclothorax palustroides</taxonomicName>
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(Kīpahulu, 1960 m).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="266" pageNumber="267" type="holotype">
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<paragraph pageId="266" pageNumber="267">Holotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="266" pageNumber="267">
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Male (CUIC) dissected and labeled: HI: Maui Haleakala N.P. /
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Halemau‘u">Halemau'u</normalizedToken>
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Tr. 5-V-1991 / el. 2270-2300 m / at night on ground // J.K. Liebherr / A.C. Medeiros, / Jr. collectors // 3 //
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax" order="Coleoptera" pageId="266" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Mecyclothorax</taxonomicName>
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/
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<taxonomicName lsidName="hephaestoides" pageId="266" pageNumber="267" rank="species" species="hephaestoides">hephaestoides</taxonomicName>
|
||
/ ♂ #2 / det. J.K. Liebherr 2014 // HOLOTYPE /
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax" order="Coleoptera" pageId="266" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Mecyclothorax</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="hephaestoides" pageId="266" pageNumber="267" rank="species" species="hephaestoides">hephaestoides</taxonomicName>
|
||
/ Liebherr / det. J.K. Liebherr 2015 (black-margined red label).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="268" lastPageNumber="269" pageId="266" pageNumber="267" type="paratypes">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="266" pageNumber="267">Paratypes.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="268" lastPageNumber="269" pageId="266" pageNumber="267">
|
||
HI: Maui: Haleakala N.P., Kalapawili Ridge nr. Pohaku Polaha, base bunch grass, 2505 m el., 11-x-2009 lot 01, Krushelnycky (UHIM, 1), Kipahulu Vy., sifting litter by day, 2100 m el., 07-v-1991 lot 05, Jessel/Medeiros (CUIC, 2), below Kuiki, pyrethrin fog mossy rockface, 2145 m el., 16-v-2001 lot 03, Liebherr (CUIC, 2), sift
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Metrosideros" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Metrosideros" order="Myrtales" pageId="266" pageNumber="267" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Metrosideros</taxonomicName>
|
||
litter, 2145 m el., 16-v-2001 lot 02, Liebherr (CUIC, 1), Leleiwi
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="267" pageNumber="268" start="start">overlook</pageBreakToken>
|
||
, under stone on ground, 2010-2100 m el., 11-vii-1919, Timberlake (UCRC, 1), NW upper slope, Halemauu Tr., on ground at night 2270-2300 m el., 05-v-1991 lot 03, Liebherr/Medeiros (CUIC, 1), under rocks nr. roots, 2285-2315 m el., 05-v-
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="268" pageNumber="269" start="start">1991</pageBreakToken>
|
||
lot 02, Liebherr (CUIC, 1), Waikamoi Gulch headwaters, moss along stream, 2030 m el., 06-v-1991 lot 01, Liebherr (CUIC, 1); Hana For. Res., Hanawi N.A.R., Kuhiwa Str. E Poouli Cabin, under rocks in streambed, 1615 m el., 06-v-1998 lot 03, Ewing (CUIC, 1); Koolau For. Res.; Waikamoi N.C.P., Honomanu drainage transect 3, ex mossy trunk
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Metrosideros" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Metrosideros" order="Myrtales" pageId="268" pageNumber="269" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Metrosideros</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 1830-1860 m el., 07-v-1991 lot 07, Liebherr (CUIC, 5), upper arm Honomanu drainage, treading streamside vegetation, 1950 m el., 07-v-1991 lot 06, Liebherr (CUIC, 2).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="268" pageNumber="269" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="268" pageNumber="269">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="268" pageNumber="269">
|
||
This species resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax vulcanus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="268" pageNumber="269" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vulcanus">Mecyclothorax vulcanus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Blackburn) and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax hephaestus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="268" pageNumber="269" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hephaestus">Mecyclothorax hephaestus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Liebherr of
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hawai‘i">Hawai'i</normalizedToken>
|
||
Island (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Liebherr, JK" journalOrPublisher="Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift" pageId="309" pageNumber="310" pagination="19 - 78" title="Taxonomic revision of Mecyclothorax Sharp (Coleoptera, Carabidae) of Hawaii Island: abundant genitalic variation in a nascent island radiation." url="10.1002/mmnd.200800004" volume="55" year="2008 b">Liebherr 2008b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), leading to use of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="hephaestoides" pageId="268" pageNumber="269" rank="species" species="hephaestoides">hephaestoides</taxonomicName>
|
||
as the species epithet.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="268" pageNumber="269" type="distribution and habitat">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="268" pageNumber="269">Distribution and habitat.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="268" pageNumber="269">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax hephaestoides" order="Coleoptera" pageId="268" pageNumber="269" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hephaestoides">Mecyclothorax hephaestoides</taxonomicName>
|
||
exhibits a bipartite distribution with apparently disjunct populations occupying the Waikamoi area, and high elevations surrounding the head of
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kīpahulu">Kīpahulu</normalizedToken>
|
||
Valley (Fig. 147). This species occupies higher elevation forest and open subalpine habitats above timberline; i.e., 1615-2505 m elevation. Beetles of this species have been found under rocks in open rocky habitat within the fog zone, in moss along a stream, by treading emergent vegetation along a stream, in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Deschampsia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Deschampsia" order="Poales" pageId="268" pageNumber="269" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Deschampsia</taxonomicName>
|
||
(hairgrass) tufts, and on a mossy rockface. The common element in all of these situations was the presence of free moisture, often at or just below the trade wind inversion layer on the volcano.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="268" pageNumber="269">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="268" pageNumber="269">
|
||
Figure 147. Recorded geographic distributions of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax palustris" order="Coleoptera" pageId="268" pageNumber="269" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palustris">Mecyclothorax palustris</taxonomicName>
|
||
group species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |