330 lines
39 KiB
XML
330 lines
39 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="B6717FF97CA8F30D50018FB219E46BC2">A monograph of the Afrotropical Cassidinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Part 6. Revision of the tribe Cassidini 3, the genus Cassida L.</mods:title>
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<mods:title id="7EAC52A31D31303D7A88C811C2FE5D5A">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="FAC5F1DA6E35B5331CA1CC52FE24E7EE">2022</mods:date>
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<paragraph id="6C015430B1F6A982FF6CFC0D0E2293C2" blockId="169.[151,577,1662,1725]" box="[151,577,1662,1689]" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">
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<heading id="3749E35CB1F6A982FF6CFC0D0E2293C2" bold="true" box="[151,577,1662,1689]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="ABBE2FB3B1F6A982FF6CFC0D0E2293C2" ID-CoL="7RYYR" authority="Boheman, 1862" authorityName="Boheman" authorityYear="1862" box="[151,577,1662,1689]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cassida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vespertilio">
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<emphasis id="5ECA8822B1F6A982FF6CFC0D0E2293C2" bold="true" box="[151,577,1662,1689]" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">
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<emphasis id="5ECA8822B1F6A982FF6CFC0D0D1A93C3" bold="true" box="[151,377,1662,1689]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Cassida vespertilio</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="082F29C1B1F6A982FE7BFC0C0E2293C2" author="Boheman, C. H." box="[384,577,1662,1689]" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" refId="ref184320" refString="Boheman, C. H. (1862) Monographia Cassididarum. Tomus quartus. Officina Norstedtiana, Holmiae, 504 pp." type="book" year="1862">Boheman, 1862</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6C015430B1F6A982FF6CFCD00D0D93E7" blockId="169.[151,577,1662,1725]" box="[151,366,1698,1725]" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">(figs. 50, 136–137)</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="24A407BBB1F6A982FF6CFC940EEF9220" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="6C015430B1F6A982FF6CFC940DD69244" blockId="169.[151,1436,1767,1914]" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">
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<treatmentCitation id="ED1F7221B1F6A982FF6CFC940E5593A5" author="Boheman, C. H." box="[151,566,1767,1791]" page="310" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" year="1862">
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<taxonomicName id="ABBE2FB3B1F6A982FF6CFC940E5593A5" ID-CoL="7RYYR" authority="Boheman, 1862: 310" authorityName="Boheman" authorityPageNumber="310" authorityYear="1862" box="[151,566,1767,1791]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cassida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vespertilio">
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<emphasis id="5ECA8822B1F6A982FF6CFC940D3993A5" box="[151,346,1767,1791]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Cassida vespertilio</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="082F29C1B1F6A982FE9BFC940E5593A5" author="Boheman, C. H." box="[352,566,1767,1791]" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" refId="ref184320" refString="Boheman, C. H. (1862) Monographia Cassididarum. Tomus quartus. Officina Norstedtiana, Holmiae, 504 pp." type="book" year="1862">Boheman, 1862: 310</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="ED1F7221B1F6A982FDBBFC940FC193A5" author="Gemminger, M. & Harold, E. B. von" box="[576,930,1767,1791]" page="3659" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" year="1876">
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<bibRefCitation id="082F29C1B1F6A982FDBBFC940FC193A5" author="Gemminger, M. & Harold, E. B. von" box="[576,930,1767,1791]" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" pagination="3479 - 3822" refId="ref185556" refString="Gemminger, M. & Harold, E. B. von (1876) Catalogus Coleopterorum hucusque descriptorum synonymicus et systematicus. Tom XII. Chrysomelidae. Pars II. Languridae, Erotylidae, Endomychidae, Coccinelidae, Corylophidae, Platypsyllidae. Accedit index generum universalis. Theodor Ackermann, Monachii, 344 + lxxiii pp. [pp. 3479 - 3822 + i - lxxiii]" type="journal article" year="1876">Gemminger & Harold, 1876: 3659</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="ED1F7221B1F6A982FC50FC94083493A5" author="Shaw, S." box="[939,1111,1767,1791]" page="457" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" year="1963">
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<bibRefCitation id="082F29C1B1F6A982FC50FC94083493A5" author="Shaw, S." box="[939,1111,1767,1791]" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" pagination="456 - 461" refId="ref187160" refString="Shaw, S. (1963) Records of African Cassidinae (Col., Chrysomelidae) from the Museum G. Frey. Entomologische Arbeiten aus dem Museum G. Frey, 14, 456 - 461." type="journal article" year="1963">Shaw, 1963: 457</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="ED1F7221B1F6A982FB9AFC9B09FB93A5" author="Heron, H. & Borowiec, L." box="[1121,1432,1767,1791]" page="635" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" year="1997">
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<bibRefCitation id="082F29C1B1F6A982FB9AFC9B09FB93A5" author="Heron, H. & Borowiec, L." box="[1121,1432,1767,1791]" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" pagination="625 - 658" refId="ref186019" refString="Heron, H. & Borowiec, L. (1997) Host plants and feeding patterns of some South African tortoise beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: cassidoid Hispinae). Genus, 8, 625 - 658." type="journal article" year="1997">Heron & Borowiec, 1997: 635</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="082F29C1B1F6A982FF3CFD750D0A9244" author="Borowiec, L." box="[199,361,1798,1822]" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" refId="ref184613" refString="Borowiec, L. (1999) A world catalogue of the Cassidinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Biologica Silesiae, Wroclaw, 476 pp." type="book" year="1999">Borowiec, 1999</bibRefCitation>
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a: 292.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6C015430B1F6A982FF6CFD570EC29267" blockId="169.[151,1436,1767,1914]" box="[151,673,1828,1853]" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="4CAE731EB1F6A982FF6CFD570EC29267" box="[151,673,1828,1853]" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">
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<treatmentCitation id="ED1F7221B1F6A982FF6CFD570EFE9267" author="Spaeth, F." box="[151,669,1828,1853]" page="119" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" year="1914">
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<taxonomicName id="ABBE2FB3B1F6A982FF6CFD570EFE9267" ID-CoL="7RYYR" authority=": Spaeth, 1914 b: 119" authorityName="Spaeth" authorityPageNumber="119" authorityYear="1914" box="[151,669,1828,1853]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cassida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vespertilio" subGenus="Cassida">
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||
<emphasis id="5ECA8822B1F6A982FF6CFD570C8A9266" box="[151,233,1828,1852]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Cassida</emphasis>
|
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(
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||
<emphasis id="5ECA8822B1F6A982FF03FD570D299266" box="[248,330,1828,1852]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Cassida</emphasis>
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||
)
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||
<emphasis id="5ECA8822B1F6A982FEA3FD570DA09266" box="[344,451,1828,1852]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">vespertilio</emphasis>
|
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:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="082F29C1B1F6A982FE2BFD570EFE9267" author="Spaeth, F." box="[464,669,1828,1853]" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" pagination="1 - 182" refId="ref187712" refString="Spaeth, F. (1914 b) Chrysomelidae: 16. Cassidinae. In: Schenkling, S. (Ed.), Coleopterorum Catalogus. Pars 62. Dr. W. Junk, Berlin, pp. 1 - 182." type="book chapter" year="1914">Spaeth, 1914 b: 119</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="6C015430B1F6A982FF6CFD3008239201" blockId="169.[151,1436,1767,1914]" box="[151,1088,1859,1883]" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="4CAE731EB1F6A982FF6CFD3008239201" box="[151,1088,1859,1883]" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">
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<taxonomicName id="ABBE2FB3B1F6A982FF6CFD300DE59201" authority="Sharp" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1904" box="[151,390,1859,1883]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cassida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="muirana">
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<emphasis id="5ECA8822B1F6A982FF6CFD300D269201" box="[151,325,1859,1883]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Cassida muirana</emphasis>
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Sharp
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</taxonomicName>
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||
in
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<treatmentCitation id="ED1F7221B1F6A982FE5CFD300EFD9201" author="Muir, F. & Sharp, D." box="[423,670,1859,1883]" page="13" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" year="1904">
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<bibRefCitation id="082F29C1B1F6A982FE5CFD300EFD9201" author="Muir, F. & Sharp, D." box="[423,670,1859,1883]" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" pagination="1 - 23" refId="ref186600" refString="Muir, F. & Sharp, D. (1904) On the egg - cases and early stages of some Cassididae. Transactions of the Entomologial Society of London, 1904, 1 - 23. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1904. tb 02735. x" type="journal article" year="1904">Muir & Sharp, 1904: 13</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="ED1F7221B1F6A982FD53FD370FBE9201" author="Heron, H. & Borowiec, L." box="[680,989,1859,1883]" page="635" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" year="1997">
|
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<bibRefCitation id="082F29C1B1F6A982FD53FD370FBE9201" author="Heron, H. & Borowiec, L." box="[680,989,1859,1883]" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" pagination="625 - 658" refId="ref186019" refString="Heron, H. & Borowiec, L. (1997) Host plants and feeding patterns of some South African tortoise beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: cassidoid Hispinae). Genus, 8, 625 - 658." type="journal article" year="1997">Heron & Borowiec, 1997: 635</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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(as syn.).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
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</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6C015430B1F6A982FF6CFD110EEF9220" blockId="169.[151,1436,1767,1914]" box="[151,652,1890,1914]" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="4CAE731EB1F6A982FF6CFD110EEF9220" box="[151,652,1890,1914]" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">
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<treatmentCitation id="ED1F7221B1F6A982FF6CFD110EEB9220" author="Spaeth, F." box="[151,648,1890,1914]" page="119" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" year="1914">
|
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<taxonomicName id="ABBE2FB3B1F6A982FF6CFD110EEB9220" authority=": Spaeth, 1914 b: 119" authorityName="Spaeth" authorityPageNumber="119" authorityYear="1914" box="[151,648,1890,1914]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cassida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="muirana" subGenus="Cassida">
|
||
<emphasis id="5ECA8822B1F6A982FF6CFD110C8A9220" box="[151,233,1890,1914]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Cassida</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="5ECA8822B1F6A982FF03FD110D299220" box="[248,330,1890,1914]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Cassida</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="5ECA8822B1F6A982FEA3FD110DCD9223" box="[344,430,1890,1913]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">muirana</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="082F29C1B1F6A982FE40FD110EEB9220" author="Spaeth, F." box="[443,648,1890,1914]" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" pagination="1 - 182" refId="ref187712" refString="Spaeth, F. (1914 b) Chrysomelidae: 16. Cassidinae. In: Schenkling, S. (Ed.), Coleopterorum Catalogus. Pars 62. Dr. W. Junk, Berlin, pp. 1 - 182." type="book chapter" year="1914">Spaeth, 1914 b: 119</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="24A407BBB1F6A981FF6CFDDB0E7C900F" lastPageId="170" lastPageNumber="171" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="6C015430B1F6A982FF6CFDDB0E2492BC" blockId="169.[151,1437,1960,2022]" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<emphasis id="5ECA8822B1F6A982FF6CFDDB0D4A9298" bold="true" box="[151,297,1960,1986]" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
L: 4.00 mm, W: 3.15–3.20 mm, Lp: 1.40–1.45 mm, Wp: 2.40–2.55 mm, L/W: 1.25–1.27, Wp/Lp: 1.71–1.76. Body short–oval (fig. 136).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6C015430B1F5A981FF3CFAE40F10948B" blockId="170.[151,1437,151,1833]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">
|
||
Pronotum and scutellum yellow. Elytral disc yellow with black pattern: two round spots behind scutellum, two round spots in the middle approximately twice larger than postscutellar spots, bands along size of disc and marble pattern on slope, explanate margin of elytra yellow with brown to black. broad humeral spot not extending to basal and lateral margin of elytra, moderately broad posterolateral spots not extending to lateral margin of elytra and narrow sutural spot (figs. 136, 137). In pale specimens posterolateral spots reduced to small patch close to border of disc and sutural spot obsolete. In the darkest
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ABBE2FB3B1F5A981FD77FB380F72943F" box="[652,785,331,357]" form="elytral" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" rank="form">form elytral</taxonomicName>
|
||
disc mostly black except few small yellow spots on top of disc and all spots on explanate margin complete. Head brown to black, thorax black, abdomen completely black or surrounded by yellow. Coxa and trochanters brown, rest of legs yellow or femora infuscate to 1/4 length. Antennae uniformly yellow or apical segments 5–11 more or less infuscate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6C015430B1F5A981FF3CFBA80DBF973B" blockId="170.[151,1437,151,1833]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Pronotum elliptical, with maximum width behind the middle, anterior margin regularly convex, sides narrowly rounded, no basal corners. Disc indistinctly bordered from explanate margin except short lateral impressions. Surface of disc shiny, with fine and sparse pricks. Explanate margin broad, impunctate, shiny, transparent with well visible honeycomb structure.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6C015430B1F5A981FF3CF8180DE896B7" blockId="170.[151,1437,151,1833]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Base of elytra slightly wider than base of pronotum, humeral angles moderately protruding anterad, subrounded. Disc regularly convex in profile, without impressions (fig. 137), without H–shaped elevation but in postscutellar area second interval forms short longitudinal elevation homologous to lateral branches of H–shaped elevation in other species, also in posterior part the second interval slightly elevated. Punctation moderately coarse arranged in completely regular rows, dense, distance between punctures from twice narrower to as wide as puncture diameter. Marginal row distinct, its punctures as coarse as in central rows. Intervals flat to slightly convex, mostly as wide as rows, marginal interval as wide as submarginal interval and submarginal row combined, usually without humeral or lateral folds but elevated interspaces between punctures of marginal row sometimes look like fold of marginal interval. Explanate margin moderately broad, moderately declivous, in the widest part 4.5 times narrower than disc, surface shiny with shallow, moderately coarse punctation, looks slightly irregular, transparent with well visible honeycomb structure.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6C015430B1F5A981FF3CF9840F3A91FB" blockId="170.[151,1437,151,1833]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Eyes very large, gena obsolete. Clypeus moderately broad, approximately 1.2 as wide as long. Clypeal grooves fine but well marked, converging in arch, surface of clypeus with shallow to deep apical impression, its surface shiny with several very small, setose punctures. Labrum shallowly emarginate. Antennae stout, segments 9–10 slightly transverse. Length ratio of antennal segments: 100:47:67:70:60:47:53:57:50:53:107. Segment 3 approximately 1.4 times as long as segment 2 and slightly shorter than segment 4.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6C015430B1F5A981FF3CFED80EC9906B" blockId="170.[151,1437,151,1833]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Prosternum moderately broad in the middle, moderately expanded apically, area between coxa flat, shiny, without special sculpture except rows of setose punctures along sides and few setose punctures in the middle, expanded apex very convex medially and impressed laterally, shiny, without special sculpture except few setose punctures in the middle and in impressed sides.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6C015430B1F5A981FF3CFF480E7C900F" blockId="170.[151,1437,151,1833]" box="[199,543,1339,1365]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Claws simple with broad base.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="24A407BBB1F5A981FF3CFF2C08AF90C7" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="6C015430B1F5A981FF3CFF2C08AF90C7" blockId="170.[151,1437,151,1833]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<emphasis id="5ECA8822B1F5A981FF3CFF2C0D3B9023" bold="true" box="[199,344,1375,1401]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Host plants.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ABBE2FB3B1F5A981FEA5FF2C0DBE9023" box="[350,477,1375,1401]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ABBE2FB3B1F5A981FE12FF2C0F1D9023" authority="(DC) O. Hoffm." authorityName="O. Hoffm." baseAuthorityName="DC" box="[489,894,1375,1401]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Berkheya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="speciosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="5ECA8822B1F5A981FE12FF2C0ED89022" box="[489,699,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Berkheya speciosa</emphasis>
|
||
(DC) O. Hoffm.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ABBE2FB3B1F5A981FC72FF2C08799023" box="[905,1050,1375,1401]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Berkheya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="5ECA8822B1F5A981FC72FF2C0F909023" box="[905,1011,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Berkheya</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(H. Heron pers. comm.). Records from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ABBE2FB3B1F5A981FF2EFFF00D3D90C7" box="[213,350,1411,1437]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="5ECA8822B1F5A981FF2EFFF00D5490C7" box="[213,311,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Solanum</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="082F29C1B1F5A981FE73FFF00E1590C7" author="Muir, F. & Sharp, D." box="[392,630,1411,1437]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" pagination="1 - 23" refId="ref186600" refString="Muir, F. & Sharp, D. (1904) On the egg - cases and early stages of some Cassididae. Transactions of the Entomologial Society of London, 1904, 1 - 23. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1904. tb 02735. x" type="journal article" year="1904">Muir & Sharp (1904)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="082F29C1B1F5A981FD56FFF00FB690C7" author="Heron, H. & Borowiec, L." box="[685,981,1411,1437]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" pagination="625 - 658" refId="ref186019" refString="Heron, H. & Borowiec, L. (1997) Host plants and feeding patterns of some South African tortoise beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: cassidoid Hispinae). Genus, 8, 625 - 658." type="journal article" year="1997">Heron & Borowiec (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
are certainly an error.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="24A407BBB1F5A981FF3CFFD50E03909B" box="[199,608,1446,1473]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="6C015430B1F5A981FF3CFFD50E03909B" blockId="170.[151,1437,151,1833]" box="[199,608,1446,1473]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<emphasis id="5ECA8822B1F5A981FF3CFFD50D02909A" bold="true" box="[199,353,1446,1472]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="14A914A0B1F5A981FE9CFFD40D95909B" box="[359,502,1447,1473]" name="South Africa" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
(fig. 50).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="24A407BBB1F5A981FF3CFFB809239273" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="6C015430B1F5A981FF3CFFB808C7930B" blockId="170.[151,1437,151,1833]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<emphasis id="5ECA8822B1F5A981FF3CFFB80D5890BF" bold="true" box="[199,315,1483,1509]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
A member of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ABBE2FB3B1F5A981FDF6FFB80E8390BF" authorityName="Boheman" authorityYear="1854" box="[525,736,1483,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cassida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sphaerula">
|
||
<emphasis id="5ECA8822B1F5A981FDF6FFB80E8390BF" box="[525,736,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Cassida sphaerula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species–group. This is the only species of the group with the elytral pattern forming humeral and posterolateral spots on the explanate margin of elytra (fig. 136). The dark elytral pattern of the darkest
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ABBE2FB3B1F5A981FE20FC600E149376" authorityName="Boheman" authorityYear="1862" box="[475,631,1555,1581]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Cassida" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="guttipennis">
|
||
<emphasis id="5ECA8822B1F5A981FE20FC600E149376" box="[475,631,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">C. guttipennis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occupies also a great part of theexplanate margin of elytra but this dark aberration well differs in its larger size, and pronotal and elytral disc mostly black (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F48548B5B1F5A981FBC0FC4408F5930B" box="[1083,1174,1591,1617]" captionStart="FIGURES 158–161" captionStartId="206.[151,264,1579,1603]" captionTargetBox="[275,1311,196,1539]" captionTargetId="figure-36@206.[256,1331,181,1556]" captionTargetPageId="206" captionText="FIGURES 158–161. Cassida guttipennis. 158, 160–161. Dorsal; 159. Lateral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6966499" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6966499/files/figure.png" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">fig. 161</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6C015430B1F5A981FF3CFC28085193C3" blockId="170.[151,1437,151,1833]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<emphasis id="5ECA8822B1F5A981FF3CFC280DEC932E" bold="true" box="[199,399,1626,1653]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Types examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<typeStatus id="B305EA92B1F5A981FE63FC280E63932F" box="[408,512,1627,1653]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ABBE2FB3B1F5A981FDD3FC280FA3932F" authority="Boheman, 1862" authorityName="Boheman" authorityYear="1862" box="[552,960,1627,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cassida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vespertilio">
|
||
<emphasis id="5ECA8822B1F5A981FDD3FC280F63932F" box="[552,768,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Cassida vespertilio</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="082F29C1B1F5A981FCF2FC280FA3932F" author="Boheman, C. H." box="[777,960,1627,1653]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" refId="ref184320" refString="Boheman, C. H. (1862) Monographia Cassididarum. Tomus quartus. Officina Norstedtiana, Holmiae, 504 pp." type="book" year="1862">Boheman, 1862</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: [
|
||
<collectingCountry id="14A914A0B1F5A981FC29FC2808C4932F" box="[978,1191,1627,1653]" name="South Africa" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">SOUTH AFRICA</collectingCountry>
|
||
]: Cap B. Spei (NRS);
|
||
<typeStatus id="B305EA92B1F5A981FF6CFC0C0C8D93C3" box="[151,238,1663,1689]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ABBE2FB3B1F5A981FEEFFC0C0E0593C3" authority="Sharp, 1904" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1904" box="[276,614,1663,1689]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cassida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="muirana">
|
||
<emphasis id="5ECA8822B1F5A981FEEFFC0C0DB793C2" box="[276,468,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Cassida muirana</emphasis>
|
||
Sharp, 1904
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: [
|
||
<collectingCountry id="14A914A0B1F5A981FD8CFC0C0F2893C3" box="[631,843,1663,1689]" name="South Africa" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">SOUTH AFRICA</collectingCountry>
|
||
]: Afr. mer. (ZMHU).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6C015430B1F5A981FF3CFCD109239273" blockId="170.[151,1437,151,1833]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<emphasis id="5ECA8822B1F5A981FF3CFCD10E7693E6" bold="true" box="[199,533,1698,1724]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Other specimens examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="DCD65E6DB1F5A981FDE4FCD00EC793BB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3881324504" collectingDate="2019-11-29" collectionCode="MNHW" collectorName="P. Jaloszynski" country="South Africa" elevation="8" latitude="-31.6557" location="Silaka Reserve" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="29.5059" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Cape">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="14A914A0B1F5A981FDE4FCD00E9393E7" box="[543,752,1699,1725]" name="South Africa" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">SOUTH AFRICA</collectingCountry>
|
||
: E
|
||
<collectingRegion id="AE7A9AD2B1F5A981FCE3FCD00F3793E7" box="[792,852,1699,1725]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="696102EBB1F5A981FC99FCD0086C93E7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E417E526B1F6A981FF6CFC0D09239273:696102EBB1F5A981FC99FCD0086C93E7" box="[866,1039,1699,1725]" country="South Africa" latitude="-31.6557" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="29.5059" name="Silaka Reserve" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" stateProvince="Western Cape">Silaka Reserve</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="AB46F9D5B1F5A981FBE6FCD1081193E7" box="[1053,1138,1698,1725]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" unit="m" value="7.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="5.0">
|
||
<elevation id="E793B303B1F5A981FBE6FCD1081193E7" box="[1053,1138,1698,1725]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" unit="m" value="7.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="5.0">5-10 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="098A32F7B1F5A981FB7AFCD1088693E7" box="[1153,1253,1698,1725]" degrees="31.6557" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" precision="5" value="-31.6557">-31.6557</geoCoordinate>
|
||
/
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="098A32F7B1F5A981FB15FCD1092893E7" box="[1262,1355,1698,1725]" degrees="29.5059" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" precision="5" value="29.5059">29.5059</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="180072F0B1F5A981FAA2FCD00CB193BB" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" value="2019-11-29">
|
||
<collectingDate id="08448B18B1F5A981FAA2FCD00CB193BB" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" value="2019-11-29">29 XI 2019</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, beach & sea, 1,
|
||
<collectorName id="C14B31E6B1F5A981FE6AFCB40E4E93BB" box="[401,557,1735,1761]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">P. Jałoszyński</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="0AAFCCF5B1F5A981FDC7FCB40EF993BB" box="[572,666,1735,1761]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">MNHW</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="DCD65E6DB1F5A981FD49FCB40FE193BB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3881326036" box="[690,898,1735,1761]" collectionCode="MNHW" country="South Africa" location="Natal" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Cape">
|
||
<location id="696102EBB1F5A981FD49FCB40E9293BB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E417E526B1F6A981FF6CFC0D09239273:696102EBB1F5A981FD49FCB40E9293BB" box="[690,753,1735,1761]" country="South Africa" name="Natal" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" stateProvince="Cape">Natal</location>
|
||
, 1 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="0AAFCCF5B1F5A981FCE2FCB40F1493BB" box="[793,887,1735,1761]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">MNHW</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="DCD65E6DB1F5A981FC74FCB409F593BB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3881325983" box="[911,1430,1735,1761]" collectionCode="MRAC, MNHW" collectorName="W. Hunt" country="South Africa" location="Indaleni" municipality="Natal" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Cape">
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="8C65CE4AB1F5A981FC74FCB40FAD93BB" box="[911,974,1735,1761]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Natal</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="696102EBB1F5A981FC21FCB4085A93BB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E417E526B1F6A981FF6CFC0D09239273:696102EBB1F5A981FC21FCB4085A93BB" box="[986,1081,1735,1761]" country="South Africa" municipality="Natal" name="Indaleni" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" stateProvince="Cape">Indaleni</location>
|
||
, 2,
|
||
<collectorName id="C14B31E6B1F5A981FB9BFCB408DD93BB" box="[1120,1214,1735,1761]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">W. Hunt</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="0AAFCCF5B1F5A981FB36FCB4094293BB" box="[1229,1313,1735,1761]" country="Belgium" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z14b-bb31" name="Musée Royal de l’Afrique Centrale" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" type="Museum">MRAC</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="0AAFCCF5B1F5A981FAD4FCB409E893BB" box="[1327,1419,1735,1761]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">MNHW</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="DCD65E6DB1F5A981FF6CFC9808A9925F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3881325643" box="[151,1226,1771,1797]" collectionCode="HH" country="South Africa" county="Natal" latitude="-30.525278" location="southern Natal" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="29.673056" municipality="Ngeli Forest" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Cape">
|
||
<collectingCounty id="85602CBCB1F5A981FF6CFC980CB5925F" box="[151,214,1771,1797]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Natal</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="8C65CE4AB1F5A981FF18FC980D10925F" box="[227,371,1771,1797]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Ngeli Forest</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<locationDeviation id="7DB34D12B1F5A981FE84FC980EE6925F" box="[383,645,1771,1797]" location="Harding" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<quantity id="AB46F9D5B1F5A981FE84FC980DA4925F" box="[383,455,1771,1797]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" unit="km" value="23.0">23 km</quantity>
|
||
NW of Harding
|
||
</locationDeviation>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="696102EBB1F5A981FD6AFC980F5B925F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E417E526B1F6A981FF6CFC0D09239273:696102EBB1F5A981FD6AFC980F5B925F" box="[657,824,1771,1797]" country="South Africa" county="Natal" latitude="-30.525278" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="29.673056" municipality="Ngeli Forest" name="southern Natal" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" stateProvince="Cape">southern Natal</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="098A32F7B1F5A981FCBEFC980FB3925F" box="[837,976,1771,1797]" degrees="30" direction="south" minutes="31" orientation="latitude" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" precision="15" seconds="31" value="-30.525278">30°31’31’’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="098A32F7B1F5A981FC26FC980804925F" box="[989,1127,1771,1797]" degrees="29" direction="east" minutes="40" orientation="longitude" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" precision="15" seconds="23" value="29.673056">29°40’23’’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="0AAFCCF5B1F5A981FB6CFC9808DC925F" box="[1175,1215,1771,1797]" country="Peru" name="Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonia Peruana" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" type="Herbarium">HH</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="DCD65E6DB1F5A981FB23FC980EC79273" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3881325747" collectionCode="HH" country="South Africa" county="Natal" latitude="-29.766666" location="Hillcrest" longLatPrecision="1225" longitude="30.766666" municipality="Springside Nat. Res." pageId="170" pageNumber="171" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Cape">
|
||
<collectingCounty id="85602CBCB1F5A981FB23FC980974925F" box="[1240,1303,1771,1797]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Natal</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="8C65CE4AB1F5A981FADFFC980D629273" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Springside Nat. Res.</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="696102EBB1F5A981FEF6FD7C0D139273" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E417E526B1F6A981FF6CFC0D09239273:696102EBB1F5A981FEF6FD7C0D139273" box="[269,368,1807,1833]" country="South Africa" county="Natal" latitude="-29.766666" longLatPrecision="1225" longitude="30.766666" municipality="Springside Nat. Res." name="Hillcrest" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" stateProvince="Cape">Hillcrest</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="098A32F7B1F5A981FE80FD7C0DBB9273" box="[379,472,1807,1833]" degrees="29" direction="south" minutes="46" orientation="latitude" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" precision="925" value="-29.766666">29°46’S</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="098A32F7B1F5A981FE1EFD7C0E209273" box="[485,579,1807,1833]" degrees="30" direction="east" minutes="46" orientation="longitude" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" precision="925" value="30.766666">30°46’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="0AAFCCF5B1F5A981FD95FD7C0EFF9273" box="[622,668,1807,1833]" country="Peru" name="Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonia Peruana" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" type="Herbarium">HH</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="DCD65E6DB1F5A981FD54FD7C095F9273" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3881325841" box="[687,1340,1807,1833]" collectingDate="1928-11" collectionCode="TM" collectorName="W. G. Kobrow" country="South Africa" location="Johannesburg" municipality="Transvaal" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Cape">
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="8C65CE4AB1F5A981FD54FD7C0F7C9273" box="[687,799,1807,1833]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Transvaal</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="696102EBB1F5A981FCD0FD7C0FA49273" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E417E526B1F6A981FF6CFC0D09239273:696102EBB1F5A981FCD0FD7C0FA49273" box="[811,967,1807,1833]" country="South Africa" municipality="Transvaal" name="Johannesburg" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" stateProvince="Cape">Johannesburg</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="180072F0B1F5A981FC29FD7C08529273" box="[978,1073,1807,1833]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" value="1928-11">
|
||
<collectingDate id="08448B18B1F5A981FC29FD7C08529273" box="[978,1073,1807,1833]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" value="1928-11">XI 1928</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, 1,
|
||
<collectorName id="C14B31E6B1F5A981FBA3FD7C08969273" box="[1112,1269,1807,1833]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">W.G. Kobrow</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="0AAFCCF5B1F5A981FAFEFD7C09579273" box="[1285,1332,1807,1833]" country="Germany" name="Teylers Museum, Paleontologische" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">TM</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |