345 lines
43 KiB
XML
345 lines
43 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="1F21AF46672B2E5EE43959F2D4604A5F">A monograph of the Afrotropical Cassidinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Part 6. Revision of the tribe Cassidini 3, the genus Cassida L.</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1C709CC638E1B9AC5BE21408BCD5A0D1">Borowiec, Lech</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="88495B9F65BBCCF35CE61A8879029A8C">Świętojańska, Jolanta</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="A34D700B630B37CADAF780BD3C0C83C9">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="6E4D13692393B38D213F665A9802171D">2022</mods:date>
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<taxonomicName id="ABBE2FB3B179A90DFF6CFAE40E6F95EB" ID-CoL="7RYPC" authority="(Weise, 1900)" baseAuthorityName="Weise" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[151,524,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cassida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calvaria">
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<emphasis id="5ECA8822B179A90DFF6CFAE40E6F95EB" bold="true" box="[151,524,151,178]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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<emphasis id="5ECA8822B179A90DFF6CFAE40D3C95E8" bold="true" box="[151,351,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Cassida calvaria</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="082F29C1B179A90DFE95FAE40E6795EB" author="Weise, J." box="[366,516,151,177]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="213 - 217" refId="ref188986" refString="Weise, J. (1900) Einige neue Hispinen und Cassidinen von Paul Weise in Usambara gesammelt. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 1900, 213 - 217. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnd. 48019000128" type="journal article" year="1900">Weise, 1900</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="24A407BBB179A90DFF6CFAC80D27958C" box="[151,324,187,214]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="description">
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<paragraph id="6C015430B179A90DFF6CFAC80D27958C" blockId="38.[151,524,151,214]" box="[151,324,187,214]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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(
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<figureCitation id="F48548B5B179A90DFF64FAC80C8A958C" box="[159,233,187,214]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="39.[151,250,1751,1775]" captionTargetBox="[159,1426,537,1717]" captionTargetId="figure-192@39.[151,1436,525,1728]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 7. Distribution of Cassida calvaria (black circles) and Cassida camerunensis (black diamonds)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6966265" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6966265/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">figs. 7</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="F48548B5B179A90DFF0EFAC80D5F958C" box="[245,316,187,214]" captionStart="FIGURES 75–77" captionStartId="189.[151,264,1659,1683]" captionTargetBox="[173,1419,210,1613]" captionTargetId="figure-19@189.[151,1435,181,1635]" captionTargetPageId="189" captionText="FIGURES 75–77. Cassida calvaria. FIGURES 78–79. Cassida satanas. 75–76, 78. Dorsal; 77, 79. Lateral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6966414" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6966414/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">75–77</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="24A407BBB179A90DFF6CFB730E4E940F" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="6C015430B179A90DFF6CFB730E5D944D" blockId="38.[151,651,255,341]" box="[151,574,255,280]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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<treatmentCitation id="ED1F7221B179A90DFF6CFB730E59944D" author="Weise, J." box="[151,570,255,280]" page="215" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" year="1900">
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<taxonomicName id="ABBE2FB3B179A90DFF6CFB730E59944D" authority="Weise, 1900: 215" authorityName="Weise" authorityPageNumber="215" authorityYear="1900" box="[151,570,255,280]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Odontionycha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calvaria">
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<emphasis id="5ECA8822B179A90DFF6CFB730DE29442" box="[151,385,256,280]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Odontionycha calvaria</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="082F29C1B179A90DFE7CFB730E59944D" author="Weise, J." box="[391,570,255,280]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="213 - 217" refId="ref188986" refString="Weise, J. (1900) Einige neue Hispinen und Cassidinen von Paul Weise in Usambara gesammelt. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 1900, 213 - 217. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnd. 48019000128" type="journal article" year="1900">Weise, 1900: 215</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6C015430B179A90DFF6CFB6D0EE8946C" blockId="38.[151,651,255,341]" box="[151,651,286,310]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="4CAE731EB179A90DFF6CFB6D0EE8946C" box="[151,651,286,310]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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<treatmentCitation id="ED1F7221B179A90DFF6CFB6D0EE5946C" author="Spaeth, F." box="[151,646,286,310]" page="118" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" year="1914">
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<taxonomicName id="ABBE2FB3B179A90DFF6CFB6D0EE5946C" ID-CoL="7RYPC" authority=": Spaeth, 1914 b: 118" authorityName="Spaeth" authorityPageNumber="118" authorityYear="1914" box="[151,646,286,310]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cassida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calvaria" subGenus="Cassida">
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<emphasis id="5ECA8822B179A90DFF6CFB6D0C8A946C" box="[151,233,286,310]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Cassida</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="5ECA8822B179A90DFF03FB6D0D29946C" box="[248,330,286,310]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Cassida</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="5ECA8822B179A90DFEA3FB6D0DCF946C" box="[344,428,286,310]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">calvaria</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="082F29C1B179A90DFE41FB6D0EE5946C" author="Spaeth, F." box="[442,646,286,310]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="1 - 182" refId="ref187712" refString="Spaeth, F. (1914 b) Chrysomelidae: 16. Cassidinae. In: Schenkling, S. (Ed.), Coleopterorum Catalogus. Pars 62. Dr. W. Junk, Berlin, pp. 1 - 182." type="book chapter" year="1914">Spaeth, 1914 b: 118</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6C015430B179A90DFF6CFB4E0E4E940F" blockId="38.[151,651,255,341]" box="[151,557,317,341]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="4CAE731EB179A90DFF6CFB4E0E4E940F" box="[151,557,317,341]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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<treatmentCitation id="ED1F7221B179A90DFF6CFB4E0E4A940F" author="Borowiec, L." box="[151,553,317,341]" page="241" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" year="1999">
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<taxonomicName id="ABBE2FB3B179A90DFF6CFB4E0E4A940F" ID-CoL="7RYPC" authority=": Borowiec, 1999: 241" authorityName=": Borowiec" authorityPageNumber="241" authorityYear="1999" box="[151,553,317,341]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cassida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calvaria">
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<emphasis id="5ECA8822B179A90DFF6CFB4E0D20940F" box="[151,323,317,341]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Cassida calvaria</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="082F29C1B179A90DFEAAFB4E0E4A940F" author="Borowiec, L." box="[337,553,317,341]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refId="ref184613" refString="Borowiec, L. (1999) A world catalogue of the Cassidinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Biologica Silesiae, Wroclaw, 476 pp." type="book" year="1999">Borowiec, 1999: 241</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="24A407BBB179A90DFF6CFBF00E6E9243" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="description">
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<paragraph id="6C015430B179A90DFF6CFBF00EAE949B" blockId="38.[151,1437,387,2034]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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<emphasis id="5ECA8822B179A90DFF6CFBF00D4A94C7" bold="true" box="[151,297,387,413]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Description.</emphasis>
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L: 4.90–5.00 mm, W: 3.95–4.10 mm, Lp: 1.60–1.65 mm, Wp: 2.95–3.05 mm, L/W: 1.22–1.25, Wp/ Lp: 1.84–1.85. Body almost circular (
|
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<figureCitation id="F48548B5B179A90DFDC6FBD40EA3949B" box="[573,704,423,450]" captionStart="FIGURES 75–77" captionStartId="189.[151,264,1659,1683]" captionTargetBox="[173,1419,210,1613]" captionTargetId="figure-19@189.[151,1435,181,1635]" captionTargetPageId="189" captionText="FIGURES 75–77. Cassida calvaria. FIGURES 78–79. Cassida satanas. 75–76, 78. Dorsal; 77, 79. Lateral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6966414" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6966414/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">figs. 75, 76</figureCitation>
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||
).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6C015430B179A90DFF3CFBBF0E509673" blockId="38.[151,1437,387,2034]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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Pronotum yellow in anterior half and brown in posterior half, the brown occupies also basal part of explanate margin. The dark spot is not colcolour but forms some paler coloured, yellowish to yellowish brown areas especially on top of disc and in front of scutellum. Scutellum yellow to yellowish brown, ground colour of elytral disc yellowish brown to brown with paler coloured, yellowish wrinkles, yellow part of marginal row below humerus, yellow lateral fold and yellow apical part of marginal interval. In pale forms postscutellar tubercle and posterior tubercles partly or completely yellowish, in dark forms the tubercles dark brown. Explanate margin yellow, in typical
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<taxonomicName id="ABBE2FB3B179A90DFAD0F80C09FF97C3" box="[1323,1436,639,665]" form="with" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" rank="form">form with</taxonomicName>
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broad brown humeral and posterolateral spots, humeral spot extending to anterior margin of elytra and only humeral spine is yellowish (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F48548B5B179A90DFE96F8B40DD997BB" box="[365,442,711,737]" captionStart="FIGURES 75–77" captionStartId="189.[151,264,1659,1683]" captionTargetBox="[173,1419,210,1613]" captionTargetId="figure-19@189.[151,1435,181,1635]" captionTargetPageId="189" captionText="FIGURES 75–77. Cassida calvaria. FIGURES 78–79. Cassida satanas. 75–76, 78. Dorsal; 77, 79. Lateral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6966414" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6966414/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">fig. 76</figureCitation>
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). In pale
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<taxonomicName id="ABBE2FB3B179A90DFDE4F8B40ECA97B8" box="[543,681,711,738]" form="pattern" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" rank="form">form pattern</taxonomicName>
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of the explanate margin forms semicircular figure, inside with large fenestrate yellow spot, humeral angle largely yellow (
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<figureCitation id="F48548B5B179A90DFCFBF8980F33965C" box="[768,848,747,774]" captionStart="FIGURES 75–77" captionStartId="189.[151,264,1659,1683]" captionTargetBox="[173,1419,210,1613]" captionTargetId="figure-19@189.[151,1435,181,1635]" captionTargetPageId="189" captionText="FIGURES 75–77. Cassida calvaria. FIGURES 78–79. Cassida satanas. 75–76, 78. Dorsal; 77, 79. Lateral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6966414" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6966414/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">fig. 75</figureCitation>
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). Head, ventrites and legs yellow. Antennae yellow only apical segment partly infuscate.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6C015430B179A90DFF3CF9470FFD9684" blockId="38.[151,1437,387,2034]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Pronotum elliptical, with maximum width behind the middle, anterior margin regularly convex, sides broadly rounded, no basal corners. Area above head slightly impressed, lateral lobes well marked, distinctly bordered from explanate margin by deep impression. Surface of disc shiny, with fine and very sparse punctation. Distance between punctures several times wider than puncture diameter, interspaces smooth. Explanate margin broad, impunctate, shiny, yellow part transparent with well visible honeycomb structure.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6C015430B179A90DFF3CF99B0CB990EB" blockId="38.[151,1437,387,2034]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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Base of elytra much wider than base of pronotum, humeral angles distinctly protruding anterad, margin of elytra behind humeral angle shallowly emarginate thus angles spiniform. Disc convex, strongly sculptured, with high postscutellar tubercle and high tubercles in posterior 2/3 length of the second interval (
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<figureCitation id="F48548B5B179A90DFB5EFE5C08909113" box="[1189,1267,1071,1097]" captionStart="FIGURES 75–77" captionStartId="189.[151,264,1659,1683]" captionTargetBox="[173,1419,210,1613]" captionTargetId="figure-19@189.[151,1435,181,1635]" captionTargetPageId="189" captionText="FIGURES 75–77. Cassida calvaria. FIGURES 78–79. Cassida satanas. 75–76, 78. Dorsal; 77, 79. Lateral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6966414" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6966414/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">fig. 77</figureCitation>
|
||
), area between postscutellar and posterior tubercles, sides of disc and slop with several longitudinal and transverse folds or wrinkles, in dark coloured specimens the sculpture stronger than in pale coloured forms. Punctation coarse and dense, distance between punctures mostly smaller than puncture diameter. Punctures tend to form regular rows but the regularity is disturbed by elytral relief, especially on top of disc. Marginal row distinct, its punctures approximately twice coarser than punctures in central rows, interspaces convex,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ABBE2FB3B179A90DFCB9FE900FDA91A7" box="[834,953,1251,1277]" form="short" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" rank="form">form short</taxonomicName>
|
||
folds. Intervals when visible then slightly narrower than rows, marginal interval well marked, especially in anterior half, in humeral part twice wider than lateral intervals, no humeral fold but distinct lateral fold. Explanate margin broad, slightly declivous, in the widest part three times narrower than disc, surface with some impressions, with shallow, but coarse and dense punctation, appears irregular, only yellow parts transparent with well visible honeycomb structure. Entire surface of elytra shiny.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6C015430B179A90DFF3CFFCF08B293D3" blockId="38.[151,1437,387,2034]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Eyes very large in male slightly larger than in female, gena obsolete. Clypeus narrow, in female slightly longer than wide, in male 1.3 times as long as wide. Clypeal grooves fine but well marked, run close to margin of eye, converging in arch or obtuse angle, surface of clypeus shallowly impressed on entire length or only on apex, its surface shiny, without punctures. Labrum narrowly emarginate to 1/5 length.Antennae slim, segments 9–10 elongate, 1.2–1.3 times as long as wide. Length ratio of antennal segments: 100:55:73:61:64:55:55:55:58:55:127. Segment 3 approximately 1.3 times as long as segment 2 and approximately 1.2 times as long as segment 4.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6C015430B179A90DFF3CFCE70C9393AF" blockId="38.[151,1437,387,2034]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Prosternum broad in the middle, strongly expanded apically, area between coxae flat without special sculpture, central part of expanded apex slightly convex, shiny, without sculpture, lateral parts impressed with irregular surface.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6C015430B179A90DFF3CFC8C0E6E9243" blockId="38.[151,1437,387,2034]" box="[199,525,1791,1817]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Claws with large basal tooth.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="24A407BBB179A90DFF3CFD500E00923B" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="6C015430B179A90DFF3CFD500E00923B" blockId="38.[151,1437,387,2034]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="5ECA8822B179A90DFF3CFD500D339267" bold="true" box="[199,336,1827,1853]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Host plant.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ABBE2FB3B179A90DFEA7FD500E6C9267" box="[348,527,1827,1853]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Amaranthaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ABBE2FB3B179A90DFDE6FD500F629267" box="[541,769,1827,1853]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Achyranthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aspera">
|
||
<emphasis id="5ECA8822B179A90DFDE6FD500F629267" box="[541,769,1827,1853]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Achyranthes aspera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ABBE2FB3B179A90DFCCAFD5709579267" authority="(Moq.) Towns (Heron 2016)" authorityName="Towns (Heron" authorityYear="2016" baseAuthorityName="Moq." box="[817,1332,1827,1854]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Achyranthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="aspera" variety="pubescens">
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="5ECA8822B179A90DFC9EFD500FBB9267" box="[869,984,1827,1853]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">pubescens</emphasis>
|
||
(Moq.) Towns (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="082F29C1B179A90DFB66FD57094F9267" author="Heron, H." box="[1181,1324,1827,1854]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="9 - 10" refId="ref185987" refString="Heron, H. (2016) Possible mimetic relationships between South African spiders and tortoise beetles (Chrysomelidae, Cassidinae). SANSA News, 26, 9 - 10." type="journal article" year="2016">Heron 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ABBE2FB3B179A90DFABFFD500C9D923B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Pupalia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lappacea">
|
||
<emphasis id="5ECA8822B179A90DFABFFD500C9D923B" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Pupalia lappacea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L.) Juss. (H. Heron letter inf.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="24A407BBB179A90DFF3CFD18088392DF" box="[199,1248,1899,1926]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="6C015430B179A90DFF3CFD18088392DF" blockId="38.[151,1437,387,2034]" box="[199,1248,1899,1926]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="5ECA8822B179A90DFF3CFD180D0292DF" bold="true" box="[199,353,1899,1925]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="14A914A0B179A90DFE39FD180F4092DF" box="[450,803,1899,1925]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Democratic Republic of Congo</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="14A914A0B179A90DFCD4FD180FEA92DF" box="[815,905,1899,1925]" name="Uganda" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Uganda</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="14A914A0B179A90DFC6FFD180F9A92DF" box="[916,1017,1899,1925]" name="Tanzania" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="14A914A0B179A90DFBD4FD1808E692DF" box="[1071,1157,1899,1925]" name="Zambia" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Zambia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="F48548B5B179A90DFB6FFD1808B192DF" box="[1172,1234,1899,1925]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="39.[151,250,1751,1775]" captionTargetBox="[159,1426,537,1717]" captionTargetId="figure-192@39.[151,1436,525,1728]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 7. Distribution of Cassida calvaria (black circles) and Cassida camerunensis (black diamonds)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6966265" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6966265/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="24A407BBB179A90CFF3CFDFC0D6094AF" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="6C015430B179A90CFF3CFDFC0D6094AF" blockId="38.[151,1437,387,2034]" lastBlockId="39.[151,1437,151,501]" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="5ECA8822B179A90DFF3CFDFC0D5892F3" bold="true" box="[199,315,1935,1961]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
A very distinct species with no close relatives in the African fauna. It is recognized by the dorsal pattern with dark, brown to almost black patches on pronotal disc, base of pronotal explanate margin, humeral and posterolateral spots on elytral explanate margin sometimes coalescent with central, yellow fenestral spot, more or less dark elytral disc combined with a distinct postscutellar hump, and short, elevated, elongate folds on the slope of disc (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F48548B5B178A90CFF0CFAC80DE3958F" box="[247,384,186,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 75–77" captionStartId="189.[151,264,1659,1683]" captionTargetBox="[173,1419,210,1613]" captionTargetId="figure-19@189.[151,1435,181,1635]" captionTargetPageId="189" captionText="FIGURES 75–77. Cassida calvaria. FIGURES 78–79. Cassida satanas. 75–76, 78. Dorsal; 77, 79. Lateral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6966414" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6966414/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">figs. 75, 76</figureCitation>
|
||
). Both humeral and posterolateral dark spots on elytral explanate margin are found only in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ABBE2FB3B178A90CFF6CFAAC0D5795A3" authorityName="Weise" authorityYear="1899" box="[151,308,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cassida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tarda">
|
||
<emphasis id="5ECA8822B178A90CFF6CFAAC0D5795A3" box="[151,308,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Cassida tarda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(figs. 83, 84) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ABBE2FB3B178A90CFDF9FAAC0EFA95A3" authorityName="Boheman" authorityYear="1862" box="[514,665,223,249]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Cassida" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vespertilio">
|
||
<emphasis id="5ECA8822B178A90CFDF9FAAC0EFA95A3" box="[514,665,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">C. vespertilio</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(fig. 136) but both differ in elytral disc without a postscutellar hump and without folds on the elytral slope. A large, dark humeral spots on the elytral explanate margin and spots at the base of the pronotal margin combined with mostly dark elytral and pronotal discs is found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ABBE2FB3B178A90CFB3DFB540907941B" authorityName="Borowiec & Świętojańska" authorityYear="2022" box="[1222,1380,295,321]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Cassida" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rogozinskii">
|
||
<emphasis id="5ECA8822B178A90CFB3DFB540907941B" box="[1222,1380,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">C. rogozinskii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="F48548B5B178A90CFA8EFB540CA1943F" captionStart="FIGURES 107–108" captionStartId="195.[151,264,1542,1566]" captionTargetBox="[413,1178,194,1504]" captionTargetId="figure-19@195.[378,1209,181,1519]" captionTargetPageId="195" captionText="FIGURES 107–108. Cassida rogozinskii. FIGURES 109–110. Cassida setosa. 107, 109. Dorsal; 108, 110. Lateral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6966442" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6966442/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">fig. 107</figureCitation>
|
||
) but this species differs in the absence of posterolateral spots on the elytral explanate margin, the elytral disc behind scutellum only slightly convex, without hump, and slope of elytral disc without elongate folds. The darkest forms of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ABBE2FB3B178A90CFF06FBE00DF994F6" authorityName="Boheman" authorityYear="1862" box="[253,410,403,429]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Cassida" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="guttipennis">
|
||
<emphasis id="5ECA8822B178A90CFF06FBE00DF994F6" box="[253,410,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">C. guttipennis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="F48548B5B178A90CFE52FBE00E6194F7" box="[425,514,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURES 158–161" captionStartId="206.[151,264,1579,1603]" captionTargetBox="[275,1311,196,1539]" captionTargetId="figure-36@206.[256,1331,181,1556]" captionTargetPageId="206" captionText="FIGURES 158–161. Cassida guttipennis. 158, 160–161. Dorsal; 159. Lateral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6966499" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6966499/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">fig. 161</figureCitation>
|
||
) have a mostly dark anterior part of elytral explanate margin with yellow fenestral spot, but they differ in the elytral disc regularly convex without a postscutellar hump and without elongate folds on the slope.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="38C104B8B178A90CFF6CFCA4088993B5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6966265" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6966265" box="[151,1258,1751,1776]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6966265/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" startId="39.[151,250,1751,1775]" targetBox="[159,1426,537,1717]" targetPageId="39">
|
||
<paragraph id="6C015430B178A90CFF6CFCA4088993B5" blockId="39.[151,1258,1751,1776]" box="[151,1258,1751,1776]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="5ECA8822B178A90CFF6CFCA40DDA93B5" bold="true" box="[151,441,1751,1776]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">FIGURE 7. Distribution of</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ABBE2FB3B178A90CFE44FCAB0E0893AA" authorityName=": Borowiec" authorityYear="1999" box="[447,619,1752,1776]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cassida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calvaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="5ECA8822B178A90CFE44FCAB0E0893AA" box="[447,619,1752,1776]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Cassida calvaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="5ECA8822B178A90CFD89FCA40F5B93AA" bold="true" box="[626,824,1751,1776]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">(black circles) and</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ABBE2FB3B178A90CFCC4FCAB084293B5" authorityName="Spaeth" authorityYear="1903" box="[831,1057,1752,1776]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cassida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="camerunensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="5ECA8822B178A90CFCC4FCAB084293B5" box="[831,1057,1752,1776]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Cassida camerunensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(black diamonds).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="24A407BBB178A903FF3CFD6D0E99958F" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="6C015430B178A90CFF3CFD6D0F939262" blockId="39.[151,1437,1822,2028]" box="[199,1008,1822,1848]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="5ECA8822B178A90CFF3CFD6D0DE09262" bold="true" box="[199,387,1822,1848]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Type examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="DCD65E6DB178A90CFE71FD6D0F939262" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3881325924" box="[394,1008,1822,1848]" collectingDate="1899-07" collectionCode="ZMHU" country="Tanzania" location="Mombo" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="B305EA92B178A90CFE71FD6D0D949262" box="[394,503,1822,1848]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
: [
|
||
<collectingCountry id="14A914A0B178A90CFDFCFD6D0EC39262" box="[519,672,1822,1848]" name="Tanzania" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">TANZANIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
]:
|
||
<location id="696102EBB178A90CFD4AFD6D0F6E9262" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E417E526B179A903FF6CFAE40E99958F:696102EBB178A90CFD4AFD6D0F6E9262" box="[689,781,1822,1848]" country="Tanzania" name="Mombo" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Mombo</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="180072F0B178A90CFCECFD6D0F1E9262" box="[791,893,1822,1848]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="1899-07">
|
||
<collectingDate id="08448B18B178A90CFCECFD6D0F1E9262" box="[791,893,1822,1848]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="1899-07">VII 1899</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="0AAFCCF5B178A90CFC77FD6D0F869262" box="[908,997,1822,1848]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/99a5-d0z2" name="Zoologisches Museum der Humboldt Universitaet" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">ZMHU</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6C015430B178A90CFF3CFD310FF592DA" blockId="39.[151,1437,1822,2028]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="5ECA8822B178A90CFF3CFD310E779206" bold="true" box="[199,532,1858,1884]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Other specimens examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="14A914A0B178A90CFDE6FD310F9D9206" box="[541,1022,1858,1884]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="14A914A0B178A90CFBF5FD3108019206" box="[1038,1122,1858,1884]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">ZAIRE</collectingCountry>
|
||
): Albert Nat. Park, Secteur Nord, Ngokoi affl., Talya,
|
||
<quantity id="AB46F9D5B178A90CFE3BFD150E7492DA" box="[448,535,1894,1920]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.08" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" unit="m" value="1080.0">1080 m</quantity>
|
||
, 1, P. Vanschuytbroeck (
|
||
<collectionCode id="0AAFCCF5B178A90CFCD3FD150FE592DA" box="[808,902,1894,1920]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">MNHW</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6C015430B178A90CFF3CFDF90D3992B6" blockId="39.[151,1437,1822,2028]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="DCD65E6DB178A90CFF3CFDF9083C92FE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3881325939" box="[199,1119,1930,1957]" collectionCode="HH" country="South Africa" latitude="-29.816668" location="Natal" longLatPrecision="1225" longitude="30.933332" municipality="Westville" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="14A914A0B178A90CFF3CFDF90DF692FE" box="[199,405,1930,1956]" name="South Africa" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">SOUTH AFRICA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<location id="696102EBB178A90CFE5BFDF90DBC92FE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E417E526B179A903FF6CFAE40E99958F:696102EBB178A90CFE5BFDF90DBC92FE" box="[416,479,1930,1956]" country="South Africa" latitude="-29.816668" longLatPrecision="1225" longitude="30.933332" municipality="Westville" name="Natal" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Natal</location>
|
||
, Palmiet Nat. Res.,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="8C65CE4AB178A90CFD44FDF90F4892FE" box="[703,811,1930,1956]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Westville</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="098A32F7B178A90CFCCDFDF90FF792FE" box="[822,916,1930,1956]" degrees="29" direction="south" minutes="49" orientation="latitude" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" precision="925" value="-29.816668">29°49’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="098A32F7B178A90CFC5AFDF90F9D92FE" box="[929,1022,1930,1957]" degrees="30" direction="east" minutes="56" orientation="longitude" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" precision="925" value="30.933332">30°56’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="0AAFCCF5B178A90CFBD7FDF9083792FE" box="[1068,1108,1930,1956]" country="Peru" name="Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonia Peruana" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="Herbarium">HH</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="DCD65E6DB178A90CFB96FDF90EB09292" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3881324749" collectionCode="HH" country="South Africa" county="Pinetown" latitude="-29.831667" location="Natal" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="30.891666" municipality="Valley Nat. Res." pageId="39" pageNumber="40" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<location id="696102EBB178A90CFB96FDF908CF92FE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E417E526B179A903FF6CFAE40E99958F:696102EBB178A90CFB96FDF908CF92FE" box="[1133,1196,1930,1956]" country="South Africa" county="Pinetown" latitude="-29.831667" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="30.891666" municipality="Valley Nat. Res." name="Natal" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Natal</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="696102EBB178A90CFB43FDF9090592FE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E417E526B179A903FF6CFAE40E99958F:696102EBB178A90CFB43FDF9090592FE" box="[1208,1382,1930,1956]" country="South Africa" county="Pinetown" latitude="-29.831667" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="30.891666" municipality="Valley Nat. Res." name="Paradise Valley" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
Paradise
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="8C65CE4AB178A90CFAE5FDF9090592FE" box="[1310,1382,1930,1956]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Valley</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
</location>
|
||
Nat. Res.,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="85602CBCB178A90CFF2CFDDD0D279292" box="[215,324,1966,1992]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Pinetown</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="098A32F7B178A90CFEABFDDD0DB99293" box="[336,474,1966,1993]" degrees="29" direction="south" minutes="49" orientation="latitude" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" precision="15" seconds="54" value="-29.831667">29°49’54’’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="098A32F7B178A90CFE1CFDDD0E129292" box="[487,625,1966,1993]" degrees="30" direction="east" minutes="53" orientation="longitude" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" precision="15" seconds="30" value="30.891666">30°53’30’’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="0AAFCCF5B178A90CFD64FDDD0EA49292" box="[671,711,1966,1992]" country="Peru" name="Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonia Peruana" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="Herbarium">HH</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="DCD65E6DB178A90CFD1AFDDD0D3692B6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3881325777" collectionCode="HH" country="South Africa" county="Cato Ridge" latitude="-29.583334" location="Natal" longLatPrecision="1226" longitude="30.616667" municipality="Umgeni Valley" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<location id="696102EBB178A90CFD1AFDDD0F439292" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E417E526B179A903FF6CFAE40E99958F:696102EBB178A90CFD1AFDDD0F439292" box="[737,800,1966,1992]" country="South Africa" county="Cato Ridge" latitude="-29.583334" longLatPrecision="1226" longitude="30.616667" municipality="Umgeni Valley" name="Natal" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Natal</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="696102EBB178A90CFCD7FDDD0FD39292" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E417E526B179A903FF6CFAE40E99958F:696102EBB178A90CFCD7FDDD0FD39292" box="[812,944,1966,1992]" country="South Africa" county="Cato Ridge" latitude="-29.583334" longLatPrecision="1226" longitude="30.616667" municipality="Umgeni Valley" name="Nagle Dam" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Nagle Dam</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="8C65CE4AB178A90CFC47FDDD08049292" box="[956,1127,1966,1992]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Umgeni Valley</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, near
|
||
<collectingCounty id="85602CBCB178A90CFB50FDDD094E9292" box="[1195,1325,1966,1992]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Cato Ridge</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="098A32F7B178A90CFAC2FDDD09FB9293" box="[1337,1432,1966,1993]" degrees="29" direction="south" minutes="35" orientation="latitude" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" precision="925" value="-29.583334">29°35’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="098A32F7B178A90CFF6CFDA10C9692B6" box="[151,245,2002,2028]" degrees="30" direction="east" minutes="37" orientation="longitude" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" precision="925" value="30.616667">30°37’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="0AAFCCF5B178A90CFEDAFDA10D2A92B6" box="[289,329,2002,2028]" country="Peru" name="Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonia Peruana" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="Herbarium">HH</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6C015430B177A903FF3CFAE40F1A95EB" blockId="40.[199,889,151,213]" box="[199,889,151,177]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="DCD65E6DB177A903FF3CFAE40F1095EB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3881324596" box="[199,883,151,177]" collectingDate="1946-08-07" collectionCode="BMNH" collectorName="Van Someren" country="Uganda" location="Bwamba" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="14A914A0B177A903FF3CFAE40D2695EB" box="[199,325,151,177]" name="Uganda" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">UGANDA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<location id="696102EBB177A903FEB4FAE40DD695EB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E417E526B179A903FF6CFAE40E99958F:696102EBB177A903FEB4FAE40DD695EB" box="[335,437,151,177]" country="Uganda" name="Bwamba" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Bwamba</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="180072F0B177A903FE3AFAE40E2495EB" box="[449,583,151,177]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" value="1946-08-07">
|
||
<collectingDate id="08448B18B177A903FE3AFAE40E2495EB" box="[449,583,151,177]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" value="1946-08-07">7 VIII 1946</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, 1,
|
||
<collectorName id="C14B31E6B177A903FD95FAE40F6695EB" box="[622,773,151,177]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Van Someren</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="0AAFCCF5B177A903FCE8FAE40F0A95EB" box="[787,873,151,177]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6C015430B177A903FF3CFAC80E99958F" blockId="40.[199,889,151,213]" box="[199,762,187,213]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="DCD65E6DB177A903FF3CFAC80E97958F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3881325631" box="[199,756,187,213]" collectingDate="1991-12-29" collectionCode="MNHW" country="Zambia" location="Livingstone" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="14A914A0B177A903FF3CFAC80D59958F" box="[199,314,187,213]" name="Zambia" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">ZAMBIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<location id="696102EBB177A903FEBFFAC80DAE958F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E417E526B179A903FF6CFAE40E99958F:696102EBB177A903FEBFFAC80DAE958F" box="[324,461,187,213]" country="Zambia" name="Livingstone" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Livingstone</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="180072F0B177A903FE23FAC80E00958F" box="[472,611,187,213]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" value="1991-12-29">
|
||
<collectingDate id="08448B18B177A903FE23FAC80E00958F" box="[472,611,187,213]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" value="1991-12-29">29 XII 1991</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, 1 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="0AAFCCF5B177A903FD70FAC80E8A958F" box="[651,745,187,213]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">MNHW</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |