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<mods:title id="F30B0C79FF9D1A503236D8DF582E3474">An identification guide to the genera of aquatic larval Chironomidae (Diptera) of south-east Asia</mods:title>
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<treatment id="E31D87D42E7CFFCE20ECFAA1B6C5C4A7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13628432" ID-GBIF-Taxon="240043140" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13628432" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E31D87D42E7CFFCE20ECFAA1B6C5C4A7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E31D87D42E7CFFCE20ECFAA1B6C5C4A7" lastPageNumber="174" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">
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<paragraph id="6B0B36C22E7CFFCE20ECFAA1B6E0C76D" blockId="23.[151,424,1341,1367]" box="[151,424,1341,1367]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">
<heading id="304381AE2E7CFFCE20ECFAA1B6E0C76D" bold="true" box="[151,424,1341,1367]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" reason="1">
<emphasis id="59C0EAD02E7CFFCE20ECFAA1B6E0C76D" bold="true" box="[151,424,1341,1367]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">
<taxonomicName id="ACB44D412E7CFFCE20ECFAA1B60FC76D" ID-CoL="87CLX" ID-ENA="43809" authorityName="Thienemann &amp; Edwards" authorityYear="1837" box="[151,327,1341,1367]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Podonominae">Podonominae</taxonomicName>
: genera
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="23AE65492E7CFFCE20ECFA19B6DBC7DD" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="6B0B36C22E7CFFCE20ECFA19B6DBC7DD" blockId="23.[151,1436,1413,1512]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">
The subfamily
<taxonomicName id="ACB44D412E7CFFCE2147FA19B69EC7A5" authorityName="Thienemann &amp; Edwards" authorityYear="1837" box="[316,470,1413,1439]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Podonominae">Podonominae</taxonomicName>
is amphitropical, with highest representation in the austral south and temperate northern hemisphere. Two genera, each with one described sp., occur in oriental
<collectingCountry id="13A376522E7CFFCE23BDFA35B345C7F9" box="[966,1037,1449,1475]" name="China" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">China</collectingCountry>
: if tribes are warranted both would belong to
<taxonomicName id="ACB44D412E7CFFCE217CFA51B6C7C7DD" authorityName="Brundin" authorityYear="1966" box="[263,399,1485,1511]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Boreochlini">Boreochlini</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="23AE65492E7CFFCE20ECF98EB6C5C4A7" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" type="key">
<paragraph id="6B0B36C22E7CFFCE20ECF98EB25CC47F" blockId="23.[151,1437,1554,1693]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">
1 Posterior body with 2 setae anterior to anal tubules; procercus with 8 anal setae (
<figureCitation id="F38F2A472E7CFFCE2393F98EB376C41D" box="[1000,1086,1554,1576]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="24.[152,255,1034,1058]" captionTargetBox="[208,1380,433,1011]" captionTargetId="figure-230@24.[208,1380,433,1011]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 13. Larval Podonominae. Posterior abdomen of (A) Paraboreochlus, (B) Boreochlus. Larval Protanypodinae. Ventral head of (C) Protanypus, (D) Linevitshia; labrum-epipharynx of (E) Protanypus, (F) Linevitshia; mentum of (G) Protanypus, (H) Linevitshia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618283" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618283/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Fig. 13A</figureCitation>
).....
<taxonomicName id="ACB44D412E7CFFCE24FEF98EB2D4C412" authority="Thienemann" authorityName="Thienemann" authorityYear="1939" box="[1157,1436,1554,1576]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paraboreochlus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="59C0EAD02E7CFFCE24FEF98EB257C41D" box="[1157,1311,1554,1575]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Paraboreochlus</emphasis>
Thienemann
</taxonomicName>
[lotic,
<taxonomicName id="ACB44D412E7CFFCE215BF9ACB5DFC47F" authority="Kobayashi &amp; Kuranishi" authorityName="Kobayashi &amp; Kuranishi" box="[288,663,1583,1605]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="okinawanus">
<emphasis id="59C0EAD02E7CFFCE215BF9ACB6E3C47E" box="[288,427,1583,1605]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">P. okinawanus</emphasis>
Kobayashi &amp; Kuranishi
</taxonomicName>
, oriental
<collectingCountry id="13A376522E7CFFCE228BF9B3B461C47F" box="[752,809,1583,1605]" name="China" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">China</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="A970F8202E7CFFCE234DF9B3B4E3C47F" box="[822,939,1583,1605]" country="China" name="Guangdong" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Guangdong</collectingRegion>
),
<collectingCountry id="13A376522E7CFFCE23C0F9ACB4B1C47F" box="[955,1017,1584,1605]" name="South Korea" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Korea</collectingCountry>
;
<collectingCountry id="13A376522E7CFFCE2478F9ACB372C47F" box="[1027,1082,1584,1605]" name="Japan" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Japan</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="A970F8202E7CFFCE243DF9B3B3EAC47F" box="[1094,1186,1583,1605]" country="Japan" name="Okinawa" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Okinawa</collectingRegion>
); Holarctic]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6B0B36C22E7CFFCE20ECF9D1B6C5C4A7" blockId="23.[151,1437,1554,1693]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">
1 No such setae anterior to anal tubules; procercus with 5 anal setae (
<figureCitation id="F38F2A472E7CFFCE231CF9D1B4F5C458" box="[871,957,1613,1635]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="24.[152,255,1034,1058]" captionTargetBox="[208,1380,433,1011]" captionTargetId="figure-230@24.[208,1380,433,1011]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 13. Larval Podonominae. Posterior abdomen of (A) Paraboreochlus, (B) Boreochlus. Larval Protanypodinae. Ventral head of (C) Protanypus, (D) Linevitshia; labrum-epipharynx of (E) Protanypus, (F) Linevitshia; mentum of (G) Protanypus, (H) Linevitshia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618283" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618283/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Fig. 13B</figureCitation>
)..................... ..
<taxonomicName id="ACB44D412E7CFFCE24ADF9D1B2D4C459" authority="Edwards" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1938" box="[1238,1436,1613,1635]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Boreochlus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="59C0EAD02E7CFFCE24ADF9D1B20AC458" box="[1238,1346,1613,1634]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Boreochlus</emphasis>
Edwards
</taxonomicName>
[lotic,
<taxonomicName id="ACB44D412E7CFFCE2158F9F7B544C4BA" authority="Brundin" authorityName="Brundin" box="[291,524,1642,1664]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Boreochlus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="burmanicus">
<emphasis id="59C0EAD02E7CFFCE2158F9F7B6FAC445" box="[291,434,1642,1664]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">B. burmanicus</emphasis>
Brundin
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="ACB44D412E7CFFCE2263F9F7B5A9C4BA" authority="Brundin" authorityName="Brundin" box="[536,737,1642,1664]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Boreochlus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="malaisei">
<emphasis id="59C0EAD02E7CFFCE2263F9F7B5CFC445" box="[536,647,1642,1664]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">B. malaisei</emphasis>
Brundin
</taxonomicName>
,
<collectingCountry id="13A376522E7CFFCE2296F9F7B466C4BA" box="[749,814,1643,1664]" name="Myanmar" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Burma</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="0F254B332E7CFFCE2345F9F6B483C4BA" author="Brundin, L." box="[830,971,1642,1664]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" pagination="1 - 472" refId="ref38359" refString="Brundin, L. (1966) Transantarctic relationships and their significance, as evidenced by chironomid midges, with a monograph of the subfamilies Podonominae and Aphroteniinae and the austral Heptagyiae. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakadamiens Handlingar, 11 (1), 1 - 472." type="journal article" year="1966">Brundin 1966</bibRefCitation>
);
<taxonomicName id="ACB44D412E7CFFCE23A5F9F7B33BC445" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1938" box="[990,1139,1642,1664]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Boreochlus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thienemanni">
<emphasis id="59C0EAD02E7CFFCE23A5F9F7B33BC445" box="[990,1139,1642,1664]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">B. thienemanni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, oriental
<collectingCountry id="13A376522E7CFFCE24A8F9F6B244C4BA" box="[1235,1292,1642,1664]" name="China" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">China</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="A970F8202E7CFFCE2567F9F6B2DAC4BA" box="[1308,1426,1642,1664]" country="China" name="Guangdong" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Guangdong</collectingRegion>
);
<collectingCountry id="13A376522E7CFFCE2099F914B653C4A7" box="[226,283,1672,1693]" name="Japan" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Japan</collectingCountry>
, Holarctic].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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