195 lines
19 KiB
XML
195 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.568.6721" ID-GBIF-Dataset="632624e7-0ca8-4b3d-99a1-a8b06728600e" ID-PMC="PMC4829671" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-568-87" ID-PubMed="27103875" ID-ZBK="F6635BDF82F64747B04FB3C7387D84BA" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1313-2970-568-87" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 568" ModsDocTitle="Revision of the Japanese species of Epicephala Meyrick with descriptions of seven new species (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae)" checkinTime="1456309300863" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Kawakita, Atsushi & Kato, Makoto" docDate="2016" docId="E1E6AA8597EF2A06CFA107AED6927A8E" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 568: 87-118" docOrigin="ZooKeys 568" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.568.6721" docTitle="Epicephala corruptrix Kawakita & Kato, 2016, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="4C11534C-7511-44AA-9F94-30951F9CA0A3" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="102" masterDocId="AE146C59FB36FFE6FF9DED05F863FFC0" masterDocTitle="Revision of the Japanese species of Epicephala Meyrick with descriptions of seven new species (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae)" masterLastPageNumber="118" masterPageNumber="87" pageNumber="99" updateTime="1668162734509" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Revision of the Japanese species of Epicephala Meyrick with descriptions of seven new species (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Kawakita, Atsushi</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Kato, Makoto</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>568</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>87</mods:start>
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<mods:end>118</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.568.6721</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.568.6721</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-568-87</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">F6635BDF82F64747B04FB3C7387D84BA</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">F6635BDF82F64747B04FB3C7387D84BA</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127877446" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4C11534C-7511-44AA-9F94-30951F9CA0A3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E1E6AA8597EF2A06CFA107AED6927A8E" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="102" pageId="12" pageNumber="99">
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<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="99" type="multiple">
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="99">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="12" pageNumber="99" start="start">Taxon</pageBreakToken>
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classification Animalia Lepidoptera Gracillariidae
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="99" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="99">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/4C11534C-7511-44AA-9F94-30951F9CA0A3" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Epicephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epicephala corruptrix" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="corruptrix">Epicephala corruptrix</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="12" pageNumber="99">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="100" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="100">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="13" pageNumber="100" start="start">Clade</pageBreakToken>
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4 (
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<bibRefCitation author="Kawakita, A" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Ecology" pageId="23" pageNumber="110" pagination="3567 - 3581" title="Assessment of the diversity and species specificity of the mutualistic association between Epicephala moths and Glochidion trees." url="10.1111/j.1365-294X.2006.03037.x" volume="15" year="2006">Kawakita and Kato 2006</bibRefCitation>
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);
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Epicephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epicephala" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Epicephala</taxonomicName>
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sp. ex
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Phyllanthaceae" genus="Glochidion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Glochidion rubrum" order="Malpighiales" pageId="13" pageNumber="100" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rubrum">Glochidion rubrum</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Kawakita, A" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Royal Society B" pageId="23" pageNumber="110" pagination="417 - 426" title="Repeated independent evolution of obligate pollination mutualism in the Phyllantheae-Epicephala association." url="10.1098/rspb.2008.1226" volume="276" year="2009">Kawakita and Kato 2009</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Kawakita, A" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Royal Society B" pageId="23" pageNumber="110" title="Biological Journal of the Linnean Society" url="10.1111/bij.12633" year="2015">Kawakita et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
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);
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Epicephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epicephala" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Epicephala</taxonomicName>
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sp. 4 (
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Phyllanthaceae" genus="Glochidion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Glochidion rubrum" order="Malpighiales" pageId="13" pageNumber="100" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rubrum">Glochidion rubrum</taxonomicName>
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) (
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<bibRefCitation author="Kawakita, A" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Royal Society B" pageId="23" pageNumber="110" pagination="417 - 426" title="Mutualism favours higher host specificity than does antagonism in plant-herbivore interaction." url="10.1098/rspb.2010.0355" volume="276" year="2010">Kawakita et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="100" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="100">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="100">
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The male genitalia of this species are distinctive and have no parallel in other known species; sacculus possesses a thick spine on apex and a cluster of long spines on dorsal projection. The large, round lamella postvaginalis also distinguishes this species from other known
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Epicephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epicephala" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Epicephala</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="100" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="100">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="100">Wingspan: 7.2-8.8 mm.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="100">
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Head: With numerous white scales on dorsal surface. Labial palpus dark brown. Antenna brown, about 1.2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as forewing. Female proboscis with a large number of trichoid sensilla; sensilla 1.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as width of proboscis, denser toward base.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="100">
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Thorax: White dorsally. Forewing brown with narrow white band on dorsum from base to 2/3 of entire length; two pairs of narrow white bands beginning at costal and dorsal margin near 1/2 to 3/4 length of wing and extending obliquely toward wing apex, terminating before reaching mid-width of wing; dorso-distal band accompanied by another parallel band of same size on distal position; a narrow silver band with metallic reflection extending from costa to dorsum at 5/6 length; distal 1/6 orange-brown with black dot centrally, franked by short white band near dorsum; distal end fringed with narrow white band; cilia grayish brown. Hindwing brown, 0.8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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length of forewing; cilia grayish brown.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="100">
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Male genitalia: Tegumen oblong, acute at apex. Cucullus rectangular oblong; ventral margin with acute tip at mid-length terminating with short spine; inner surface covered with numerous hairs. Sacculus ovoid; apex sharply concave, with a long spine on ventral half; basal part of dorsal margin attached with a narrow plate terminating distally as an inward, finger-like projection with 3 or 4 long spines directing dorso-ventrally. Vinculum U-shaped; saccus broad, 0.3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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width of vinculum, as long as vinculum, oblong and acute at apex. Aedeagus straight, slightly dilated toward apex; cornutus absent.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="100">
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Female genitalia: Lamella postvaginalis long and broad, 0.8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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width and length of seventh sternite, coarsely dentate at distal end. Antrum broad, 0.4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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width and length of lamella postvaginalis, smooth on surface. Ductus bursae as long as seventh sternite, with cluster of longitudinal parallel ridges for its entire length. Corpus bursae oval to elongate oval, as long as buctus bursae; signum absent. Apophyses posteriores 1.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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length of apophyses anteriores. Ovipositor dentate laterally, angular at apex.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="100" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="100">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="100">
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22♂, 5♀. Holotype ♀ - JAPAN: Okinawa Prefecture: Okinawa Island, Takae (26.652878, 128.248178), 100 m, collected as larva in galled flower of
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Phyllanthaceae" genus="Glochidion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Glochidion obovatum" order="Malpighiales" pageId="13" pageNumber="100" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="obovatum">Glochidion obovatum</taxonomicName>
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and reared to adult, 5.vi.2015 (KYO). Paratypes - same data as holotype, 10♂, 2♀ (KYO). Other specimens - JAPAN: Kagoshima Prefecture: Amami Island, Akakina, 4.xi.2004, 5♂, 1♀; Amami Island, Kise, 15.iv.2006, 3♂, 1♀; Amami Island, Kasari, 18.v.2015, 1♂; Tokunoshima Island, Mikyo, 2.xi.2004, 1♂; Okinawa Prefecture: Iriomote Island, Ohara, 14.ii.1998, 2♂ (M. Kato).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="101" type="dna barcodes">
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="101">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="14" pageNumber="101" start="start">DNA</pageBreakToken>
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barcodes.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="101">DQ298999, DQ299000, DQ299006, DQ299007, DQ299015-DQ299018, DQ299022, DQ299024-DQ299027.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="102" pageId="14" pageNumber="101" type="known host and adult behavior">
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="101">Known host and adult behavior.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="102" pageId="14" pageNumber="101">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Phyllanthaceae" genus="Glochidion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Glochidion obovatum" order="Malpighiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="101" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="obovatum">Glochidion obovatum</taxonomicName>
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(Amami Island, Tokuno Island and Okinawa Island) and
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Phyllanthaceae" genus="Glochidion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Glochidion rubrum" order="Malpighiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="101" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rubrum">Glochidion rubrum</taxonomicName>
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(Ishigaki Island and Iriomote Island). The egg is laid through the ovary wall between the wall and ovule (Fig. 8G). Pollination
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<pageBreakToken pageId="15" pageNumber="102" start="start">behavior</pageBreakToken>
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is present, but in the resulting fruit, the larva galls one of the locules, inducing abnormal development of the ovules (Fig. 11). Such fruits usually do not contain normally developed seeds (Fig. 11).
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="15" pageNumber="102">
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<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="102">
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Figure 11. Fruits and galls produced by
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Epicephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epicephala" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Epicephala</taxonomicName>
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species on
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Phyllanthaceae" genus="Glochidion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Glochidion obovatum" order="Malpighiales" pageId="15" pageNumber="102" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="obovatum">Glochidion obovatum</taxonomicName>
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. A Fruit produced after pollination by
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Epicephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epicephala obovatella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obovatella">Epicephala obovatella</taxonomicName>
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(Tomogashima, Wakayama) B Gall induced on female flower by
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Epicephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epicephala corruptrix" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="corruptrix">Epicephala corruptrix</taxonomicName>
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(Takae, Okinawa) C Cross section of the gall induced by
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Epicephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epicephala corruptrix" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="corruptrix">Epicephala corruptrix</taxonomicName>
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. Arrow indicates the galled locule with feeding trace of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Epicephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epicephala" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Epicephala</taxonomicName>
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larva. Note that the irregularly developed ovules of the galled locule have merged indistinguishablly to septa. Scale bar 2 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="15" pageNumber="102" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="102">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="102">Restricted to several islands in the Ryukyu Archipelago (Amami Island, Tokuno Island, Okinawa Island, Ishigaki Island and Iriomote Island; Fig. 9D).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="15" pageNumber="102" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="102">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="102">
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The species name corruptrix (a noun in apposition) was inherited from
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Prodoxidae" genus="Tegeticula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tegeticula corruptrix" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="corruptrix">Tegeticula corruptrix</taxonomicName>
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, a derived parasitic species of yucca moth (Pellmyr et al. 1999).
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Epicephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epicephala corruptrix" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="corruptrix">Epicephala corruptrix</taxonomicName>
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has a potential to corrupt the mutualistic relationship with its host because the species induces gall formation in pollinated flowers which then hardly produce seeds (Fig. 11).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="15" pageNumber="102" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="102">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="102">
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This species shares the same host plant with
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Epicephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epicephala obovatella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obovatella">Epicephala obovatella</taxonomicName>
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, but
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Epicephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epicephala obovatella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obovatella">Epicephala obovatella</taxonomicName>
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has not been collected from any of the locations where
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Epicephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epicephala corruptrix" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="corruptrix">Epicephala corruptrix</taxonomicName>
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occurs (Fig. 9). Because of the limited mutualistic potential of this species, reproduction of the host plants (
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Phyllanthaceae" genus="Glochidion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Glochidion obovatum" order="Malpighiales" pageId="15" pageNumber="102" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="obovatum">Glochidion obovatum</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Phyllanthaceae" genus="Glochidion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Glochidion rubrum" order="Malpighiales" pageId="15" pageNumber="102" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rubrum">Glochidion rubrum</taxonomicName>
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) is likely to be severely limited on islands where
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Epicephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epicephala corruptrix" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="corruptrix">Epicephala corruptrix</taxonomicName>
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occurs, in comparison to locations where
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Epicephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epicephala obovatella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obovatella">Epicephala obovatella</taxonomicName>
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is present.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |