128 lines
19 KiB
XML
128 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document id="3186ABD5EA1D20CBC0085DAAD30C7584" ENCODING="Cp1252" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2a850022-3fbc-4643-a17a-8f7bca314619" ModsDocID="20017" checkinTime="1252781348276" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Wilson, E. O." docDate="2003" docId="E1C7DB41117D10BB64590A6EEB548FBA" docLanguage="en" docName="20017_p_and_more_group_gg1.xml" docOrigin="Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press" docSource="http://atbi.biosci.ohio-state.edu/HymOnline/reference-full.html?id=20017" docTitle="Pheidole barbata Wheeler" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="560" masterDocId="73EDC9C5AB0725CB6B0DF69F187F7798" masterDocTitle="Pheidole in the New World. A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus." pageNumber="560" updateTime="1701311082057" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="1A2C8C705CCB80C6E01249CC67835C40">Pheidole in the New World. A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus.</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="527B7A5A5756E86E089617CA2655FAC5">Wilson, E. O.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="A914C15E7DB06C4A1819E00D19244146">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:dateIssued id="2C22F3B2E6CDE968EA05ED2641E7CBDE">2003</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:publisher id="4681E7DBEAFC90CE2EE89092D89D72FE">Harvard University Press</mods:publisher>
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<mods:identifier id="05F4DC280F27583AF5F94EAB940FCDAC" type="HNS-Pub">20017</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="E1C7DB41117D10BB64590A6EEB548FBA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6274252" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100119492" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6274252" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E1C7DB41117D10BB64590A6EEB548FBA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E1C7DB41117D10BB64590A6EEB548FBA" lastPageNumber="560" pageNumber="560">
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<subSubSection id="CB66DDDC14A5F2EDC00C9E81A2967226" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="80C5EC4E0C4619C54DB19F19EB08BA78" pageNumber="560">
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<taxonomicName id="80E691E5442AA73CC4DED5E19D7DF326" ID-CoL="4FY7W" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33608" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole barbata Wheeler" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole barbata Wheeler" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="560" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barbata">Pheidole barbata Wheeler</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4B4854C65202CEA91EE87C69187F1A68" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="AB3927B871E043CD5CFD9B75C1A105ED" pageNumber="560">
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<taxonomicName id="CEFA174C26AAB7774E852E3FC75664B6" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33608" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole barbata Wheeler" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole barbata Wheeler" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="560" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barbata">Pheidole barbata Wheeler</taxonomicName>
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1908h: 448.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A39FD367279512D9F0C6CA924C55301B" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="2EB8F638E3AC627340CFCECF65759CE8" pageNumber="560">types Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.; Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="DEB929872449A1AD98A156D39314DDAA" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="0B288B7397A5D811F0A278C39F02471C" pageNumber="560">
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etymology L
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<taxonomicName id="1D93F38F4C5F39279E518AB907EFA7B1" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33608" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole barbata Wheeler" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole barbata Wheeler" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="560" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barbata">barbata</taxonomicName>
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, bearded, alluding to the long, coarse hairs on the ventral head surface of the minor.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1C44F95F670D37FA693D725B6358E34F" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8FBEDD429ACFBF3B0F463F4C5F032423" pageNumber="560">
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diagnosis A member of the "
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<taxonomicName id="FBF6B4B52DE9FF0E9118918D4AF3319E" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33617" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole bicarinata Mayr" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole bicarinata Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="560" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicarinata">bicarinata</taxonomicName>
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complex" of the larger
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<taxonomicName id="665D7B08935B8175DFF28CBB54E8BE94" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33930" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole pilifera (Roger)" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole pilifera (Roger)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="560" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilifera">pilifera</taxonomicName>
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group, comprising
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<taxonomicName id="A1A1E768E2837665C5B1592FDE63BF83" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:181968" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole agricola Wilson" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole agricola Wilson" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="560" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agricola">agricola</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="583A2957B5BE687920187405962619F9" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:181969" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole aurea Wilson" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole aurea Wilson" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="560" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aurea">aurea</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="0EB7EC863913CB51C8634F0E3E423E1F" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33608" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole barbata Wheeler" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole barbata Wheeler" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="560" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barbata">barbata</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="96D4451171DD1488C01E019447A37B6C" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33617" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole bicarinata Mayr" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole bicarinata Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="560" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicarinata">bicarinata</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="AC4C651E087950607C380B19AC222176" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33656" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole centeotl Wheeler" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole centeotl Wheeler" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="560" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="centeotl">centeotl</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="B4763CE61CFD6300676368E3B019BDEC" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33658" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole cerebrosior Wheeler" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole cerebrosior Wheeler" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="560" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cerebrosior">cerebrosior</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="D9A4661CEFEB6761F4B57F7F747F08B2" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33702" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole defecta Santschi" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole defecta Santschi" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="560" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="defecta">defecta</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="FB45FBB967F2DCDDDB8B991D82854F20" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33762" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole gilvescens Creighton & Gregg" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole gilvescens Creighton & Gregg" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="560" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gilvescens">gilvescens</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="2BCA3F30BDA8946055B2F9D2B9B56F68" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33847" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole macclendoni Wheeler" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole macclendoni Wheeler" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="560" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macclendoni">macclendoni</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="B5542C00D6518E3F78D5CAC1499BB51A" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:181974" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole macrops Wilson" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole macrops Wilson" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="560" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrops">macrops</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="DE1E5AAF16A839AE042B5D279FED27D6" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33856" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole marcidula Wheeler" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole marcidula Wheeler" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="560" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marcidula">marcidula</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="E5B5D426B6A4C6E63B6C864574391D17" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33915" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole paiute Gregg" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole paiute Gregg" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="560" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paiute">paiute</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="F3EAB672DF517CDFA80E153B5A131E29" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33932" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole pinealis Wheeler" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole pinealis Wheeler" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="560" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pinealis">pinealis</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="F28DCBEB1B9B43BAD9BBA3B782D37341" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33944" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole psammophila Creighton & Gregg" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole psammophila Creighton & Gregg" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="560" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="psammophila">psammophila</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="8AF075BAE529D4CD7F14429497C5E4BA" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:189143" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole vinelandica Forel" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole vinelandica Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="560" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vinelandica">vinelandica</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="C0238ACA563B414B6FB9C35BD5ED8373" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:34107" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole xerophila Wheeler" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole xerophila Wheeler" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="560" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xerophila">xerophila</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="DF010C154985C09C808C9FA2D4458956" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:34109" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole yaqui Creighton & Gregg" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole yaqui Creighton & Gregg" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="560" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yaqui">yaqui</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="BCF4CF5B7116F74F3B43BF549D87A2FB" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:181978" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole yucatana Wilson" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole yucatana Wilson" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="560" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yucatana">yucatana</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName id="7E8B813A2D3D27B8D2329EE10670337A" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33608" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole barbata Wheeler" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole barbata Wheeler" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="560" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barbata">barbata</taxonomicName>
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is closest to
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<taxonomicName id="5EC59FAF2C78FD2BE966964369946358" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33944" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole psammophila Creighton & Gregg" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole psammophila Creighton & Gregg" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="560" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="psammophila">psammophila</taxonomicName>
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), which complex is characterized by the large to very large, forward-set eyes of both castes; and, in the major, the occipital lobes lacking any sculpturing (except in
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<taxonomicName id="302D4DF11D5FE2DD0DFC41FC31AA0B9A" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:181969" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole aurea Wilson" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole aurea Wilson" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="560" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aurea">aurea</taxonomicName>
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), the posterior half of the head capsule smooth and shiny; and the postpetiolar node seen from above oval, elliptical, or laterally angulate (cornulate in
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<taxonomicName id="90B322B9FB9C176FF4BA4EE6DB66CE01" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33658" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole cerebrosior Wheeler" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole cerebrosior Wheeler" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="560" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cerebrosior">cerebrosior</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="094951EEC0DFEE12D8F329F157D1EB61" type="description">
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<paragraph id="9248D2AD82DBEE5B94AA54BFF825A924" pageNumber="560">
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<taxonomicName id="359562BD4748C3B04AFD602C4C3256F0" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33608" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole barbata Wheeler" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole barbata Wheeler" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="560" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barbata">P. barbata</taxonomicName>
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is distinguished by the absence of propodeal spines in both castes. Further: in the major, teeth absent on the hypostoma; humerus very prominently lobose in dorsal-oblique view; and spinose subpetiolar process seen in side view.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C78C886216E22D61BDCFCDB29C40456A" pageNumber="560">Minor: very long coarse hairs (psammophore?) line the ventral surface of the head; petiolar and postpetiolar nodes very low.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="EFAEF39818746061A7B758B2E77A3F27" pageNumber="560">Measurements (mm) Major (Rancho Dos Palmas, California): HW 1.62, HL 1.72, SL 0.74, EL 0.26, PW 0.72.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FA15DFB2BCE08BA6B33B68A98FDC54B7" pageNumber="560">Syntype minor: HW 0.44, HL 0.54, SL 0.52, EL 0.18, PW 0.30.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2AA8565445347026E840AD3D1CA50CDF" pageNumber="560">color Major: head brownish yellow, with occiput and area around midcenter line light brown; mesosoma, waist, and antennae brownish yellow; legs medium yellow. Minor: concolorous light yellowish brown.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8B1A74E02BBA3D84A8D02536BC4B49ED" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="6CA4153B390E24559610115E6EF57534" pageNumber="560">Range Western Arizona, southern Nevada, and southeastern California (Creighton and Gregg 1955; G. C. and J. N. Wheeler 1973e, 1986g).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="16887AFA4E3D4F0EF68E94360279C1AE" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="5A5DE5F32CE4329A76C6FFA348DE96BF" pageNumber="560">
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Biology According to Creighton and Gregg (1955),
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<taxonomicName id="07112B35C651678E5CEB116F3260741D" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33608" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole barbata Wheeler" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole barbata Wheeler" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="560" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barbata">barbata</taxonomicName>
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is a desert species, which prefers to nest in light, sandy soil, although it also lives in coarse, hard-packed sand along the edges of arroyos. The nest is surmounted by a low crater 5-10 cm in diameter, and it is sometimes also surrounded by a chaff ring, suggesting that
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<taxonomicName id="73BEB55DDAAD7D0088FD9FB6B3FDDFDD" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33608" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole barbata Wheeler" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole barbata Wheeler" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="560" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barbata">barbata</taxonomicName>
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is a harvester ant. Colonies excavated by Creighton comprised up to 11 majors and 73 minors, although this may be an underestimate of the real population size, since no nest queen was ever found. Similar nest structures were encountered in Deep Canyon, near Palm Springs, California, by G. C. and J. N. Wheeler (1973e).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9B3B8D56F128760ADA1C7635A37E2FA3" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="81724C79F225E2EAD21E657FF20A3DF2" pageNumber="560">figure Upper: major. CALIFORNIA: Rancho Dos Palmas, east of the Saltan Sea.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DB7B1911EC71C6C89070C50FEE3F5CAC" pageNumber="560">Lower: minor, syntype. (Type locality, origin of minor: Mojave Desert near Needles, San Bernadino Co.). Scale bars = 1 mm.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |