treatments-xml/data/E1/94/ED/E194ED1914195FB2B32300103767305B.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.8.2238" ID-PMC="PMC3254249" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-8-49" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFF3FFEA6333AC3FFFF60A671A6CFFE7" ID-PubMed="22287930" ID-Zenodo-Dep="576103" ModsDocID="1314-2003-8-49" checkinTime="1451252074696" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Monro, Alex K." docDate="2012" docId="E194ED1914195FB2B32300103767305B" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 8: 49-82" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 8" docPubDate="2012-01-04" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.8.2238" docTitle="Cestrum knappiae A. K. Monro 2012, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="FFF3FFEA6333AC3FFFF60A671A6CFFE7" lastPageNumber="67" masterDocId="FFF3FFEA6333AC3FFFF60A671A6CFFE7" masterDocTitle="Eight new species of Cestrum (Solanaceae) from Mesoamerica" masterLastPageNumber="82" masterPageNumber="49" pageNumber="65" updateTime="1668142033318" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Eight new species of Cestrum (Solanaceae) from Mesoamerica</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Monro, Alex K.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Botany, The Natural History Museum, London SW 2 5 SY, UK</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2012-01-04</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>8</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>49</mods:start>
<mods:end>82</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.8.2238</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.8.2238</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-8-49</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FFF3FFEA6333AC3FFFF60A671A6CFFE7</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576103</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182229494" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E194ED1914195FB2B32300103767305B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E194ED1914195FB2B32300103767305B" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="16" pageNumber="65">
<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="65" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="65">
<taxonomicName LSID="E194ED19-1419-5FB2-B323-00103767305B" authority="A. K. Monro" authorityName="A. K. Monro" authorityYear="2012" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Solanaceae" genus="Cestrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cestrum knappiae" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="16" pageNumber="65" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="knappiae" status="sp. nov.">Cestrum knappiae A.K. Monro</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="16" pageNumber="65">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Cestrum knappiae A. K. Monro A Flowering stem B Style C Longitudinal section through the corolla showing stamen arrangement D Flower. Drawn from S. Knapp &amp; J. Mallet 9175 (BM)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/9975" pageId="16" pageNumber="65">Fig. 7 A-D</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="65" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="65">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="65">
Most similar to 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Solanaceae" genus="Cestrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="16" pageNumber="65" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="acuminatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="65">Cestrum acuminatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Francey from which it can be distinguished by the membranous to subchartaceous leaves, flowers with shorter calyces and the larger fruit.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="65" type="type">
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="65">Type.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="65">Panama.</emphasis>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chiriquí">Chiriqui</normalizedToken>
/Bocas del Toro: along Continental Divide on trail in Zona Protectora Palo Seco, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="08" direction="north" minutes="47.1" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="8.785">08°47.1'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="082" direction="west" minutes="13" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-82.21667">082°13'W</geoCoordinate>
(DMS), 1100-1300 m, 11 Aug 2000, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="65">S. Knapp &amp; J. Mallet 9175</emphasis>
(holotype: BM000648809; isotypes: MEXU, MO-913564, PMA, SCZ).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="66" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="66">
<pageBreakToken pageId="17" pageNumber="66" start="start">Description</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="66">
Shrub or small tree to 1-7 m. Leaf-bearing stems yellow-brown, pale brown to tan, the internodes 8-25(33) 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.75-5.0 mm; young stems glabrous. Axillary buds 0.75-6.0 mm, very dark green, green-brown, orange-brown, sparsely pubescent or glabrous, not subtended by a minor leaf. Lamina 27-210 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
8-43 mm, length width ratio 2.6-8.4, narrowly lanceolate, lanceolate, narrowly ovate or narrowly oblong, membranous to subchartaceous, occasionally chartaceous, green, dull green, yellow-green; the upper surface glabrous, primary, primary and secondary veins clearly visible to the naked eye, primary and secondary raised; the lower surface glabrous; primary, primary to tertiary or primary to secondary veins clearly visible to the naked eye, primary, primary and secondary veins raised, the veinlets visible or not, secondary veins 7-20(27) pairs, 75-90° to the midrib, weakly curved; base obtuse, acute, asymmetrical, acute / obtuse, obtuse / subcordate, acute / attenuate, acute / cuneate, obtuse / decurrent; margin entire, occasionally irregularly so; apex acuminate, subcaudate to caudate; petioles regular, 3-21 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.675-1.0 mm, dark green, brown or yellow-green, glabrous. Inflorescences 5-9 per herbarium sheet, axillary on apical portion of the stem, terminal, pendant, 55-150 mm long, bearing 3-10 flowers in a compact panicle of 2-7 clusters of flowers, each cluster bearing 1, 2 or 4 flowers; peduncle 15-70 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.50-0.75 mm, straw coloured or orange-brown, glabrous; bracts 16-60 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
3-14 mm, leaf-like; bracteoles 4.0-7.5(14.0) mm, linear, spathulate, narrowly ovate, 1 or 2 per flower, glabrous. Flowers pedicellate or subsessile, where pedicellate the pedicels 0.25-1.0 mm; calyx 2.0-2.5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1.75-2.675 mm, the outer surface glabrous, the lobes 5, 0.125-0.675 mm, erect; corolla pale green, white or yellow-green, 28-35 mm, the tube 20-28 mm long, 2.5-3.5 mm in diameter at the mouth, 0.75-1.0 mm at the base, glabrous, the lobes 5, 6-10.0 mm long; stamens 5, the filaments 21-25 mm long, equal, adnate for 17-21 mm, with a lobe-like appendage present at insertion point, pubescent at insertion point, the anthers 0.675-1.0 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.5-0.75 mm; style 21-26 mm, the stigma 0.375-0.750 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.674-2.0 mm. Infructescences 27-110 mm long, bearing 2-4 fruit; fruiting calyx 2.0-2.5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
3.0-4.0 mm; fruit 7-14 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
7-12 mm, white when ripe. Seeds (2)6-10, 4.5-7.5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1.5-5.0 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2.5-4.5 mm, the surface smooth.
</paragraph>
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/9975" pageId="17" pageNumber="66" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="66">Figure 7.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="A. K. Monro" authorityYear="2012" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Solanaceae" genus="Cestrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="17" pageNumber="66" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="knappiae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="66">Cestrum knappiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
A.K.Monro 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="66">A</emphasis>
Flowering stem 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="66">B</emphasis>
Style 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="66">C</emphasis>
Longitudinal section through the corolla showing stamen arrangement 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="66">D</emphasis>
Flower. Drawn from 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="66">S. Knapp &amp; J. Mallet 9175</emphasis>
(BM).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="66" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="66">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="66">
This species is named after Sandra Knapp (1956-), Anglo-US botanist and 
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Pinales" pageId="17" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Solanaceae</taxonomicName>
specialist who collected the holotype and three of the paratype collections.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="66" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="66">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="66">
Tropical wet, premontane and montane forest from 1100 to 1600 m. Collection notes indicate that this species is known from primary or undisturbed forest. Existing collection localities suggest that 
<taxonomicName authorityName="A. K. Monro" authorityYear="2012" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Solanaceae" genus="Cestrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="17" pageNumber="66" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="knappiae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="66">Cestrum knappiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is restricted to an area of the Main Divide (river drainage between the Caribbean Sea and Atlantic Ocean) of the Talamanca Mountains ca. 270 km in extent that runs from Parque Nacional 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tapantí">Tapanti</normalizedToken>
in W in Costa Rica to the Fortuna Forest Reserve and Palo Seco Protected Areas in the E in Panama. The Extent of Occurrence is calculated to be 5,400 km2 (
<bibRefCitation author="Google Earth, 6.0.3.2197" journalOrPublisher="Candollea" pageId="25" pageNumber="74" refId="B7" refString="Google Earth, 6.0.3.2197, 2011. Available from http://www.google.com/earth." title="Available from http: // www. google. com / earth" year="2011">Google Earth</bibRefCitation>
, accesssed June 2 2011, images 2001 to 2006).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="17" pageNumber="66" type="discussion">
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="66">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="17" pageNumber="66">
Seven of the 15 collections of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="A. K. Monro" authorityYear="2012" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Solanaceae" genus="Cestrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="17" pageNumber="66" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="knappiae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="66">Cestrum knappiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
examined had been previously determined as 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Francey" authorityYear="1936" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Solanaceae" genus="Cestrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="17" pageNumber="66" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="fragile">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="66">Cestrum fragile</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Francey. A comparison of the holotype and paratype material with type specimens from the herbaria listed in the 
<pageBreakToken pageId="18" pageNumber="67" start="start">Materials</pageBreakToken>
and methods section recovered 
<taxonomicName authorityName="A. K. Monro" authorityYear="2012" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Solanaceae" genus="Cestrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="18" pageNumber="67" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="knappiae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="67">Cestrum knappiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as most similar to 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Solanaceae" genus="Cestrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="18" pageNumber="67" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="acuminatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="67">Cestrum acuminatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="D’Arcy">D'Arcy</normalizedToken>
, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Francey" authorityYear="1936" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Solanaceae" genus="Cestrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="18" pageNumber="67" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="fragile">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="67">Cestrum fragile</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="D. A. Soto" authorityYear="2007" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Solanaceae" genus="Cestrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="18" pageNumber="67" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="cristinae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="67">Cestrum cristinae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
D.A.Soto. It can be distinguished from those species based on size, leaf, flower and fruit morphology as summarised in 
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 11" captionStartId="T11" captionText="Table 11." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/5574DF7BE9AD95406B75D6BC8B94808A" pageId="18" pageNumber="67" tableUuid="5574DF7BE9AD95406B75D6BC8B94808A">Tables 11</tableCitation>
, 
<figureCitation captionStart="Table 12" captionStartId="T12" captionText="Table 12." pageId="18" pageNumber="67">12</figureCitation>
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 13" captionStartId="T13" captionText="Table 13." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/1B6832D32F7A97335B61ECAD3D2DFB5A" pageId="18" pageNumber="67" tableUuid="1B6832D32F7A97335B61ECAD3D2DFB5A">and 13</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Table-UUID="5574DF7BE9AD95406B75D6BC8B94808A" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/5574DF7BE9AD95406B75D6BC8B94808A" pageId="18" pageNumber="67" start="Table 11" startId="T11">
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="67">Table 11.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="67">
<table pageId="18" pageNumber="67">
<tr pageId="18" pageNumber="67">
<th colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="67" rowspan="1">Characters</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="67" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="A. K. Monro" authorityYear="2012" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Solanaceae" genus="Cestrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="18" pageNumber="67" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="knappiae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="67">Cestrum knappiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="67" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Francey" authorityYear="1936" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Solanaceae" genus="Cestrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="18" pageNumber="67" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="fragile">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="67">Cestrum fragile</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr pageId="18" pageNumber="67">
<td colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="67" rowspan="1">Stem pubescence</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="67" rowspan="1">glabrous</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="67" rowspan="1">sparsely pubescent or moderatley pubescent</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="18" pageNumber="67">
<td colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="67" rowspan="1">Minor leaves borne on truncated side branches</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="67" rowspan="1">absent</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="67" rowspan="1">present, occasionally absent</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="18" pageNumber="67">
<td colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="67" rowspan="1">Secondary veins</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="67" rowspan="1">borne at 75-90° to the midrib</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="67" rowspan="1">borne at 45-75° to the midrib</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="18" pageNumber="67">
<td colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="67" rowspan="1">Peduncle pubescence</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="67" rowspan="1">glabrous</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="67" rowspan="1">pubescent</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="18" pageNumber="67">
<td colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="67" rowspan="1">Bracteoles</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="67" rowspan="1">4.0-7.5(14.0) mm</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="67" rowspan="1">1.25-4.0 mm</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="18" pageNumber="67">
<td colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="67" rowspan="1">Infructescence fruit no.</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="67" rowspan="1">2-4</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="67" rowspan="1">12-36</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="18" pageNumber="67">
<td colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="67" rowspan="1">Fruiting calyx length</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="67" rowspan="1">2.0-2.5 mm</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="67" rowspan="1">3.0-5.5 mm</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Table-UUID="B2027ADA7FF2F2167C33F26034BB0528" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/B2027ADA7FF2F2167C33F26034BB0528" pageId="18" pageNumber="67" start="Table 12" startId="T12">
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="67">Table 12.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="67">
<table pageId="18" pageNumber="67">
<tr pageId="18" pageNumber="67">
<th colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="67" rowspan="1">Characters</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="67" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="A. K. Monro" authorityYear="2012" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Solanaceae" genus="Cestrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="18" pageNumber="67" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="knappiae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="67">Cestrum knappiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="67" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Solanaceae" genus="Cestrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="18" pageNumber="67" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="acuminatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="67">Cestrum acuminatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr pageId="18" pageNumber="67">
<td colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="67" rowspan="1">Plant height</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="67" rowspan="1">1-7 m</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="67" rowspan="1">1-2 m</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="18" pageNumber="67">
<td colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="67" rowspan="1">Leaf length</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="67" rowspan="1">27-210 mm</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="67" rowspan="1">42-107 mm</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="18" pageNumber="67">
<td colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="67" rowspan="1">Leaf length: width ratio</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="67" rowspan="1">2.6-8.4</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="67" rowspan="1">2.4-3.5</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="18" pageNumber="67">
<td colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="67" rowspan="1">Leaf texture</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="67" rowspan="1">membranous to subchartaceous</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="67" rowspan="1">Chartaceous to subcoriaceous</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="18" pageNumber="67">
<td colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="67" rowspan="1">Inflorescence flower no.</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="67" rowspan="1">3-10</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="67" rowspan="1">4-31</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="18" pageNumber="67">
<td colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="67" rowspan="1">Calyx length</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="67" rowspan="1">2.0-2.5 mm</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="67" rowspan="1">5-7 mm</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="18" pageNumber="67">
<td colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="67" rowspan="1">Calyx lobe length</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="67" rowspan="1">0.125-0.675 mm</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="67" rowspan="1">1-3 mm</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="18" pageNumber="67">
<td colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="67" rowspan="1">Fruiting calyx diameter</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="67" rowspan="1">3.0-4.0 mm</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="67" rowspan="1">4.5-5.5 mm</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="18" pageNumber="67">
<td colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="67" rowspan="1">Fruit size</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="67" rowspan="1">
7-14 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
7-12 mm
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="67" rowspan="1">
5.0-6.5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
4.5-6.0 mm
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Table-UUID="1B6832D32F7A97335B61ECAD3D2DFB5A" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/1B6832D32F7A97335B61ECAD3D2DFB5A" pageId="18" pageNumber="67" start="Table 13" startId="T13">
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="67">Table 13.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="67">
<table pageId="18" pageNumber="67">
<tr pageId="18" pageNumber="67">
<th colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="67" rowspan="1">Characters</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="67" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="A. K. Monro" authorityYear="2012" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Solanaceae" genus="Cestrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="18" pageNumber="67" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="knappiae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="67">Cestrum knappiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="67" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="D. A. Soto" authorityYear="2007" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Solanaceae" genus="Cestrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="18" pageNumber="67" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="cristinae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="67">Cestrum cristinae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr pageId="18" pageNumber="67">
<td colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="67" rowspan="1">Leaf texture</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="67" rowspan="1">membranous to chartaceous</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="67" rowspan="1">subchartaceous to subcoriaceous</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="18" pageNumber="67">
<td colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="67" rowspan="1">Peduncle diameter</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="67" rowspan="1">0.5-0.75</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="67" rowspan="1">ca 1.5</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="18" pageNumber="67">
<td colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="67" rowspan="1">Bracteole pubescence</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="67" rowspan="1">glabrous</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="67" rowspan="1">apically pubescent</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="18" pageNumber="67">
<td colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="67" rowspan="1">Pedicel colour</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="67" rowspan="1">pale yellow-brown, dull yellow or dull yellow-green</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="67" rowspan="1">brown to dark brown almost black</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="18" pageNumber="67">
<td colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="67" rowspan="1">Calyx length</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="67" rowspan="1">2.0-2.5 mm</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="67" rowspan="1">4.0-4.75 mm</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="18" pageNumber="67">
<td colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="67" rowspan="1">Calyx lobe length</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="67" rowspan="1">0.125-0.675 mm</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="67" rowspan="1">1.25-2.25</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="18" pageNumber="67">
<td colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="67" rowspan="1">Corolla lobe length</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="67" rowspan="1">6-10 mm</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="67" rowspan="1">4.75-7.0 mm</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="18" pageNumber="67">
<td colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="67" rowspan="1">Calyx in fruit length and diameter</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="67" rowspan="1">
2.0-2.25 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
3-4 mm
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="67" rowspan="1">
4.5-6.5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
5-7 mm
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="67" type="conservation status">
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="67">Conservation status.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="67">
Using IUCN criteria (
<bibRefCitation author="International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Species Survival, Commission" journalOrPublisher="International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, Gland and Cambridge" pageId="25" pageNumber="74" refId="B9" refString="International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Species Survival, Commission, 2001. IUCN Red List Categories: Version 3.1. International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, Gland and Cambridge, 70 pp." title="IUCN Red List Categories: Version 3.1." year="2001">IUCN 2001</bibRefCitation>
) 
<taxonomicName authorityName="A. K. Monro" authorityYear="2012" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Solanaceae" genus="Cestrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="18" pageNumber="67" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="knappiae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="67">Cestrum knappiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is considered Near Threatened (NT). 
<taxonomicName authorityName="A. K. Monro" authorityYear="2012" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Solanaceae" genus="Cestrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="18" pageNumber="67" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="knappiae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="67">Cestrum knappiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
meets criterion B1 (Extent of Occurrence &lt;20,000 km2) and one subcriterion, a (number of localities &lt;10). The full extent of the 
<normalizedToken originalValue="species’">species'</normalizedToken>
Extent of Occurrence, however, is located within protected areas. There is considerable pressure for copper and gold mining within Costa Rica and Panama within the Extent of Occurrence which may present a threat of fragmentation or decline in the near to medium term future. If mining were to take place within this area then it is likely that 
<taxonomicName authorityName="A. K. Monro" authorityYear="2012" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Solanaceae" genus="Cestrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="18" pageNumber="67" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="knappiae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="67">Cestrum knappiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
would be classified as Vulnerable.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="67" type="paratypes">
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="67">Paratypes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="67">
COSTA RICA. Cartago: 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cantón">Canton</normalizedToken>
de 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Paraíso">Paraiso</normalizedToken>
, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tapantí">Tapanti</normalizedToken>
Nacional Park, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Reventazón">Reventazon</normalizedToken>
water basin, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tapantí">Tapanti</normalizedToken>
station, Arboles caidos trail, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="09" direction="north" minutes="44" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="53" value="9.748055">09°44'53&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="083" direction="west" minutes="46" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="55" value="-83.781944">083°46'55&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
(DMS), 1600 m, 10 Jan 1997, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="67">
A. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rodríguez">Rodriguez</normalizedToken>
, S. Salas &amp; A. Soto 1874
</emphasis>
(BM). PANAMA. Bocas del Toro: Fortuna Dam area, Continental Divide, ridge trail to unnamed peak to E of Oleoducto road, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="08" direction="north" minutes="46" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="19" value="8.771944">08°46'19&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="082" direction="west" minutes="11" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="51" value="-82.1975">082°11'51&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
(DMS), 1200 m, 1 Aug 1984, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="67">H. W. Churchill 5861</emphasis>
(MO); 12 miles beyond Campamento Chami (12+12 mi from 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
San 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Félix">Felix</normalizedToken>
), 
<geoCoordinate degrees="08" direction="north" minutes="33" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="8.55">08°33'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="081" direction="west" minutes="48" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-81.8">081°48'W</geoCoordinate>
(DMS), 1400-1470 m, 20 Jun 1986, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="67">W. G. D'Arcy 16274</emphasis>
(MO); ca. 5 km ENE of Cerro Pate Macho near Finca Serrano, NE of Boquete, in forest along trail downhill from Finca Serrano, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="08" direction="north" minutes="50" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="24" value="8.84">08°50'24&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="082" direction="west" minutes="19" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="18" value="-82.32166">082°19'18&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
(DMS), 1500 m, 12 Feb 1979, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="67">B. Hammel 6162</emphasis>
(MO); on gravel road branching N from main Fortuna 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Dam-Chiriquí">Dam-Chiriqui</normalizedToken>
Grande road, 1.1 miles from junction, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="08" direction="north" minutes="47" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="18" value="8.788334">08°47'18&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="082" direction="west" minutes="14" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="00" value="-82.23333">082°14'00&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
(DMS), 1200 m, 11 Mar 1985, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="67">G. McPherson 6801</emphasis>
(MO); along trail on divide separating Chiriqui and Bocas del Toro, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="08" direction="north" minutes="46" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="42" value="8.778333">08°46'42&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="082" direction="west" minutes="12" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="48" value="-82.21333">082°12'48&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
(DMS), 1150 m, 22 Oct 1985, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="67">G. McPherson 7203</emphasis>
(MO); along trail on divide separating Chiriqui and Bocas del Toro, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="08" direction="north" minutes="46" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="42" value="8.778333">08°46'42&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="082" direction="west" minutes="12" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="48" value="-82.21333">082°12'48&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
(DMS), 1150 m, 22 Oct 1985, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="67">G. McPherson 7205</emphasis>
(MO); N of Fortuna Dam on road to 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chiriquí">Chiriqui</normalizedToken>
Grande, forested slopes along divide-trail, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="08" direction="north" minutes="46" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="36" value="8.776667">08°46'36&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="082" direction="west" minutes="13" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="00" value="-82.21667">082°13'00&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
(DMS), 1150 m, 18 Jan 1986, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="67">G. McPherson 8095</emphasis>
(MO); vicinity of Fortuna Dam. Trail along continental divide, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="08" direction="north" minutes="46" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="12" value="8.7699995">08°46'12&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="082" direction="west" minutes="09" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="00" value="-82.15">082°09'00&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
(DMS), 1300-1400 m, 6 Feb 1987, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="67">G. McPherson 10384</emphasis>
(MO); Bocas del 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Toro-Chiriquí">Toro-Chiriqui</normalizedToken>
:along Continental Divide on trail in Zona Protectora Palo Seco, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="08" direction="north" minutes="47" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="8.783334">08°47'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="082" direction="west" minutes="13" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-82.21667">082°13'W</geoCoordinate>
(DMS), 1100-1300 m, 11 Aug 2000, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="67">S. Knapp &amp; J. Mallet 9182</emphasis>
(BM, MO, PMA, SCZ); along Continental Divide on trail in Zona Protectora Palo Seco, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="08" direction="north" minutes="47" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="8.783334">08°47'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="082" direction="west" minutes="13" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-82.21667">082°13'W</geoCoordinate>
(DMS), 1100-1300 m, 11 Aug 2000, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="67">S. Knapp &amp; J. Mallet 9188</emphasis>
(BM, MO, PMA, SCZ); 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chiriquí">Chiriqui</normalizedToken>
: Distrito de Guanaca, Cordillera Central, Trocha, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="08" direction="north" minutes="47" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="8.783334">08°47'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="082" direction="west" minutes="14" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-82.23333">082°14'W</geoCoordinate>
(DMS), ca. 1000 m, 27 Aug 1993, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="67">M. Correa, E. Montenegro, H. Navarrete &amp; E. Hidalgo 9836</emphasis>
(PMA); ridges above and W of Quebrada Aleman, trail to town of Fortuna, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="08" direction="north" minutes="45" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="8.75">08°45'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="082" direction="west" minutes="13" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-82.21667">082°13'W</geoCoordinate>
(DMS), 1200-1500 m, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="67">S. Knapp &amp; J. Mallet 9224</emphasis>
(BM, PMA); Cordillera Central, 7 Dec 1996, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="67">E. Montenegro 1595</emphasis>
(BM); Fortuna, Trocha Cordillera Central close to the Continental Divide, 28 Oct 1997, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="67">E. Montenegro 1799</emphasis>
(INB, BM).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>