treatments-xml/data/E1/30/87/E130879FFFEB4E42FC62BEA2FC6DFB21.xml

<document id="B99E0622EA54DE73128B6A08FD84A5C9" ID-CLB-Dataset="31825" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.893541" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b1ae8a16-79a9-4da6-b8dd-af2e673d79ff" ID-ISSN="0035-418" ID-Zenodo-Dep="893541" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1508255731040" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Maurice Kottelat" docDate="2017" docId="E130879FFFEB4E42FC62BEA2FC6DFB21" docLanguage="en" docName="rsz_124_2_6_Kottelat.pdf" docOrigin="Revue suisse de Zoologie 2" docStyle="DocumentStyle:225056F0A23C51DDC06AC27EAEA15D5B.2:RevSuisseZool.2015-2019.journal_article" docStyleId="225056F0A23C51DDC06AC27EAEA15D5B" docStyleName="RevSuisseZool.2015-2019.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Carassius praecipuus Maurice Kottelat 2017, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="328" masterDocId="1D09FFE7FFEB4E47FFCDBD69FFECFFBF" masterDocTitle="Carassius praecipuus, a dwarf new species of goldfish from the Mekong drainage in central Laos (Teleostei: Cyprinidae)" masterLastPageNumber="329" masterPageNumber="323" pageNumber="323" updateTime="1698469673561" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="90EB733C5CE60C2D48B4DD7824D7C090">Carassius praecipuus, a dwarf new species of goldfish from the Mekong drainage in central Laos (Teleostei: Cyprinidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5B444CABCAFEDD2B13345E359A2FA122">Maurice Kottelat</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="0D3D9DEBF7F595308B882D2610C0AE21">Revue suisse de Zoologie</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="DD075D9896481E1C34553FD170F54D04">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="95C41AF064BEA1F621FD4A1F74E11F0D">2017-09-30</mods:number>
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<treatment id="E130879FFFEB4E42FC62BEA2FC6DFB21" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5658669" ID-GBIF-Taxon="135450187" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5658669" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E130879FFFEB4E42FC62BEA2FC6DFB21" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E130879FFFEB4E42FC62BEA2FC6DFB21" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="328" pageId="0" pageNumber="323">
<subSubSection id="21836502FFEB4E47FC62BEA2FB76FBB9" pageId="0" pageNumber="323" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="69263689FFEB4E47FC62BEA2FAC1FC5C" blockId="0.[943,1325,971,1030]" box="[943,1325,971,997]" pageId="0" pageNumber="323">
<heading id="326E81E5FFEB4E47FC62BEA2FAC1FC5C" bold="true" box="[943,1325,971,997]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="0" pageId="0" pageNumber="323" reason="4">
<emphasis id="5BEDEA9BFFEB4E47FC62BEA2FAC1FC5C" bold="true" box="[943,1325,971,997]" pageId="0" pageNumber="323">
<taxonomicName id="AE994D0AFFEB4E47FC62BEA2FB77FC5C" ID-CoL="R334" authority="Maurice Kottelat, 2017" authorityName="Maurice Kottelat" authorityYear="2017" box="[943,1179,971,995]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Carassius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="323" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="praecipuus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="5BEDEA9BFFEB4E47FC62BEA2FB77FC5C" bold="true" box="[943,1179,971,995]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="323">Carassius praecipuus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="40DE57E0FFEB4E47FB64BEA4FAC1FC5C" box="[1193,1325,972,997]" pageId="0" pageNumber="323" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="69263689FFEB4E47FB8FBE84FB76FBB9" blockId="0.[943,1325,971,1030]" box="[1090,1178,1005,1030]" pageId="0" pageNumber="323">
<figureCitation id="F1A22A0CFFEB4E47FB8FBE84FB76FBB9" box="[1090,1178,1005,1030]" captionStart-0="Fig. 1" captionStart-1="Fig. 2" captionStartId-0="1.[151,186,1244,1265]" captionStartId-1="1.[151,186,1354,1375]" captionTargetBox-0="[175,1383,329,1150]" captionTargetBox-1="[894,1438,1353,1801]" captionTargetId-0="figure@1.[151,1436,257,1199]" captionTargetId-1="figure@1.[833,1438,1353,1801]" captionTargetPageId-0="1" captionTargetPageId-1="1" captionText-0="Fig. 1. Carassius praecipuus; Laos: Nam Ngum drainage: Nam Chat. (A) MHNG 2767.087, holotype, 55.6 mm SL. (B) CMK 22746, paratype, 62.0 mm SL (reversed)." captionText-1="Fig. 2. Carassius praecipuus CMK 22746, paratype, 62.0 mm SL; head (reversed). u" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/1015098/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/1015102/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="323">Figs 1-2</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="21836502FFEB4E47FCF2B977FC6EFAC0" pageId="0" pageNumber="323" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="69263689FFEB4E47FCF2B977FB48FB25" blockId="0.[831,1437,1053,1178]" pageId="0" pageNumber="323">
<materialsCitation id="D9F13CD4FFEB4E47FCF2B977FB48FB25" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1675236124" collectingDate="2012-02-29" collectionCode="MHNG" collectorName="M. Kottelat" country="Laos" elevation="1142" latitude="19.623333" location="Ban Houay Sod" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="102.87139" municipality="Nam Chat" pageId="0" pageNumber="323" specimenCode="MHNG 2767.087, 55.6" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Xiangkhouang Province" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="5BEDEA9BFFEB4E47FCF2B977FC5EFB89" bold="true" box="[831,946,1054,1078]" pageId="0" pageNumber="323">
<typeStatus id="B622882BFFEB4E47FCF2B977FC41FB89" box="[831,941,1054,1078]" pageId="0" pageNumber="323" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
<specimenCode id="393F9EF2FFEB4E47FC08B977FB7EFB8B" box="[965,1170,1053,1078]" collectionCode="MHNG" country="Switzerland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2jyg-xmd2" name="Museum d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="0" pageNumber="323">MHNG 2767.087</specimenCode>
, 
<quantity id="AE619B6CFFEB4E47FB64B974FAF9FB89" box="[1193,1301,1053,1078]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.56" pageId="0" pageNumber="323" unit="mm" value="55.6">
<specimenCode id="393F9EF2FFEB4E47FB64B974FB35FB8B" box="[1193,1241,1053,1076]" collectionCode="MHNG" country="Switzerland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2jyg-xmd2" name="Museum d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="0" pageNumber="323">55.6</specimenCode>
mm
</quantity>
SL; 
<collectingCountry id="118E7619FFEB4E47FAACB976FA74FB89" box="[1377,1432,1055,1078]" name="Laos" pageId="0" pageNumber="323">Laos</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="AB5DF86BFFEB4E47FCF2B956FBA2FBE9" box="[831,1102,1087,1110]" country="Laos" name="Xiangkhouang" pageId="0" pageNumber="323">Xiangkhouang Province</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="8942ACF3FFEB4E47FB93B929FB3EFBE9" box="[1118,1234,1087,1111]" pageId="0" pageNumber="323">Nam Chat</collectingMunicipality>
upstream of 
<location id="6C466052FFEB4E47FABCB929FC53FBC8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E130879FFFEB4E42FC62BEA2FC6DFB21:6C466052FFEB4E47FABCB929FC53FBC8" country="Laos" latitude="19.623333" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="102.87139" municipality="Nam Chat" name="Ban Houay Sod" pageId="0" pageNumber="323" stateProvince="Xiangkhouang Province">Ban Houay Sod</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="0CAD504EFFEB4E47FC02B908FBA3FBC7" box="[975,1103,1120,1145]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="323" precision="15" value="19.623333">19°37′24″N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="0CAD504EFFEB4E47FB96B909FB0BFBC7" box="[1115,1255,1120,1145]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="323" precision="15" value="102.87139">102°52′17″E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="AE619B6CFFEB4E47FB3AB908FA82FBC8" box="[1271,1390,1120,1145]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.142" pageId="0" pageNumber="323" unit="m" value="1142.0">
<elevation id="E2B4D1BAFFEB4E47FB3AB908FA82FBC8" box="[1271,1390,1120,1145]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.142" pageId="0" pageNumber="323" unit="m" value="1142.0">1142 masl</elevation>
</quantity>
; 
<collectorName id="C46C535FFFEB4E47FAB3B908FC79FB27" pageId="0" pageNumber="323">M. Kottelat</collectorName>
<emphasis id="5BEDEA9BFFEB4E47FC51B9EAFC27FB27" box="[924,971,1153,1178]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="323">et al</emphasis>
., 
<date id="1D271049FFEB4E47FC12B9EBFB4CFB25" box="[991,1184,1153,1178]" pageId="0" pageNumber="323" value="2012-02-29">
<collectingDate id="0D63E9A1FFEB4E47FC12B9EBFB4CFB25" box="[991,1184,1153,1178]" pageId="0" pageNumber="323" value="2012-02-29">29 February 2012</collectingDate>
</date>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="69263689FFEB4E47FCF2B9DBFA8BFB55" blockId="0.[831,1436,1202,1260]" pageId="0" pageNumber="323">
<materialsCitation id="D9F13CD4FFEB4E47FCF2B9DBFA8BFB55" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1675236125" collectingDate="2012-02-29" collectionCode="ZRC" collectorName="M. Kottelat" country="Laos" elevation="1142" latitude="19.623333" location="Ban Houay Sod" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="102.87139" municipality="Nam Chat" pageId="0" pageNumber="323" specimenCode="5" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Xiangkhouang Province" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="5BEDEA9BFFEB4E47FCF2B9DBFC50FB75" bold="true" box="[831,956,1202,1226]" pageId="0" pageNumber="323">
<typeStatus id="B622882BFFEB4E47FCF2B9DBFC5AFB75" box="[831,950,1202,1226]" pageId="0" pageNumber="323" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
CMK 22748, 16 (+3 ethanol-fixed); 
<collectionCode id="0F88AE4CFFEB4E47FAA5B9DBFA70FB75" box="[1384,1436,1202,1226]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="0" pageNumber="323">ZRC</collectionCode>
56275, 
<specimenCode id="393F9EF2FFEB4E47FC42B9BAFC72FB55" box="[911,926,1235,1258]" collectionCode="ZRC" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="0" pageNumber="323">5</specimenCode>
; 32.7-62.0 mm SL; same data as holotype.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="69263689FFEB4E47FCF2B86AFC6EFAC0" blockId="0.[831,1437,1283,1407]" pageId="0" pageNumber="323">
<emphasis id="5BEDEA9BFFEB4E47FCF2B86AFBBEFAA5" bold="true" box="[831,1106,1283,1306]" pageId="0" pageNumber="323">Comparison material:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="AE994D0AFFEB4E47FBA4B86DFAADFAA3" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1129,1345,1284,1308]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Carassius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="323" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auratus">
<emphasis id="5BEDEA9BFFEB4E47FBA4B86DFAADFAA3" box="[1129,1345,1284,1308]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="323">Carassius auratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: CMK 25714, 3, 
<quantity id="AE619B6CFFEB4E47FC60B84CFBA9FA82" box="[941,1093,1317,1341]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.495" metricValueMax="8.15" metricValueMin="6.84" pageId="0" pageNumber="323" unit="mm" value="74.95" valueMax="81.5" valueMin="68.4">68.4-81.5 mm</quantity>
SL; 
<collectingCountry id="118E7619FFEB4E47FBB0B84FFB59FA82" box="[1149,1205,1318,1341]" name="Laos" pageId="0" pageNumber="323">Laos</collectingCountry>
: 
<collectingRegion id="AB5DF86BFFEB4E47FB0DB84CFA75FA83" box="[1216,1433,1317,1340]" country="Laos" name="Houaphan" pageId="0" pageNumber="323">Houaphan Province</collectingRegion>
: 
<collectingMunicipality id="8942ACF3FFEB4E47FCF2B82EFC4EFAE1" box="[831,930,1351,1374]" pageId="0" pageNumber="323">Nam Ma</collectingMunicipality>
drainage: 
<location id="6C466052FFEB4E47FBD6B82EFB7FFAE0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E130879FFFEB4E42FC62BEA2FC6DFB21:6C466052FFEB4E47FBD6B82EFB7FFAE0" box="[1051,1171,1351,1375]" country="Laos" municipality="Nam Ma" name="Nam Long" pageId="0" pageNumber="323" stateProvince="Houaphan Province">Nam Long</location>
upstream of Ban Kong Koun.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="21836502FFEB4E47FCF2B8FEFBC0F926" pageId="0" pageNumber="323" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="69263689FFEB4E47FCF2B8FEFBC0F926" blockId="0.[831,1436,1431,1689]" pageId="0" pageNumber="323">
<emphasis id="5BEDEA9BFFEB4E47FCF2B8FEFC5AFA11" bold="true" box="[831,950,1431,1454]" pageId="0" pageNumber="323">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="AE994D0AFFEB4E47FC0DB8F1FB47FA0F" authorityName="Maurice Kottelat" authorityYear="2017" box="[960,1195,1432,1456]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Carassius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="323" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="praecipuus">
<emphasis id="5BEDEA9BFFEB4E47FC0DB8F1FB47FA0F" box="[960,1195,1432,1456]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="323">Carassius praecipuus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguished from all other congeners in having the origin of the anal fin located behind a vertical through the base of last dorsalfin ray (vs. under dorsal-fin base), fewer branched dorsal-fin rays (9-11½, vs. 11-21½), fewer lateral line scales (25-27 + 1, vs. 27-36 [total]) and fewer gill rakers (total 20-21, vs. 23-128). It reaches sexual maturity around 
<quantity id="AE619B6CFFEB4E47FC5DBBE9FC12F927" box="[912,1022,1664,1688]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="0" pageNumber="323" unit="mm" value="65.0" valueMax="70.0" valueMin="60.0">60-70 mm</quantity>
SL.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="21836502FFEB4E44FCF2BBD8FD41FEC6" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="326" pageId="0" pageNumber="323" type="description">
<paragraph id="69263689FFEB4E46FCF2BBD8FDA9F8C5" blockId="0.[831,1436,1713,1870]" lastBlockId="1.[151,756,1507,2075]" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="324" pageId="0" pageNumber="323">
<emphasis id="5BEDEA9BFFEB4E47FCF2BBD8FC23F977" bold="true" box="[831,975,1713,1736]" pageId="0" pageNumber="323">Description:</emphasis>
See 
<tableCitation id="241B0332FFEB4E47FBD0BBD8FB97F976" box="[1053,1147,1713,1737]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="2.[151,204,260,281]" captionTargetBox="[254,1244,326,1365]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Table 1. Morphometric data of holotype and 5 paratypes of Carassius praecipuus. Range and mean include holotype data." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/3DE66601FFE94E45FF5ABC6DFAD5FEA6" pageId="0" pageNumber="323" tableUuid="3DE66601FFE94E45FF5ABC6DFAD5FEA6">Table 1</tableCitation>
for morphometric data of 
<typeStatus id="B622882BFFEB4E47FCA9BBBBFC2FF956" box="[868,963,1746,1769]" pageId="0" pageNumber="323" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and 5 largest 
<typeStatus id="B622882BFFEB4E47FBB5BBBAFB0FF954" box="[1144,1251,1747,1771]" pageId="0" pageNumber="323" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
. Largest known specimen 
<quantity id="AE619B6CFFEB4E47FC74BB9AFBFDF8B4" box="[953,1041,1779,1803]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.2" pageId="0" pageNumber="323" unit="mm" value="62.0">62 mm</quantity>
SL. Body moderately elongate, compressed. Dorsal body profile arched but made of a straight line on top of head, then an angle at nape and a straight line to dorsal-fin base, then more or less straight to caudal-fin base. Caudal peduncle 1.3-1.4 times longer than deep. Interorbital area convex. Head longer than deep, dorsal profile straight; ventral profile arched from mouth to pelvic-fin base, then straight to analfin origin; snout blunt. Mouth terminal to subterminal, anteriormost point of cleft below level of lower margin of eye, upper lip slightly projecting beyond tip of lower jaw. Lower jaw-quadrate junction about at vertical of anterior margin of eye. 10+10 (1), 10+11 (4*) or 11+10 (1) = 20-21 gill rakers on first gill arch, their length about 1-1.5 times width of arch and about 3-4 times in length of gill filaments at same position.
</paragraph>
<footnote id="0A822A87FFEB4E47FF5AB568FE3BF787" pageId="0" pageNumber="323">
<paragraph id="69263689FFEB4E47FF5AB568FE3BF787" blockId="0.[151,500,2049,2106]" pageId="0" pageNumber="323">
Manuscript accepted 19.06. 
<docYear id="71FFDA72FFEB4E47FE71B568FE18F7A7" box="[444,500,2049,2072]" pageId="0" pageNumber="323">2017</docYear>
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo. 
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</footnote>
<caption id="3DE66601FFEA4E46FF5AB9B5FDCAFAB1" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1015098/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="324" targetBox="[175,1383,329,1150]" targetPageId="1">
<paragraph id="69263689FFEA4E46FF5AB9B5FDCAFAB1" blockId="1.[151,1437,1244,1295]" pageId="1" pageNumber="324">
Fig. 1. 
<taxonomicName id="AE994D0AFFEA4E46FF2EB9B4FE5FFB4C" authorityName="Maurice Kottelat" authorityYear="2017" box="[227,435,1245,1267]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Carassius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="324" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="praecipuus">
<emphasis id="5BEDEA9BFFEA4E46FF2EB9B4FE5FFB4C" box="[227,435,1245,1267]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="324">Carassius praecipuus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; Laos: Nam Ngum drainage: Nam Chat. (A) MHNG 2767.087, holotype, 55.6 mm SL. (B) CMK 22746, paratype, 62.0 mm SL (reversed).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="3DE66601FFEA4E46FF5AB823FD03FAC3" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1015102/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="324" targetBox="[894,1438,1353,1801]" targetPageId="1">
<paragraph id="69263689FFEA4E46FF5AB823FD03FAC3" blockId="1.[151,756,1354,1404]" pageId="1" pageNumber="324">
Fig. 2. 
<taxonomicName id="AE994D0AFFEA4E46FF2EB822FE58FADF" authorityName="Maurice Kottelat" authorityYear="2017" box="[227,436,1355,1376]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Carassius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="324" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="praecipuus">
<emphasis id="5BEDEA9BFFEA4E46FF2EB822FE58FADF" box="[227,436,1355,1376]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="324">Carassius praecipuus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
CMK 22746, paratype, 62.0 mm SL; head (reversed). u
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="69263689FFEA4E45FF5ABAEAFD7BF947" blockId="1.[151,756,1507,2075]" lastBlockId="2.[151,756,1473,2073]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="325" pageId="1" pageNumber="324">Dorsal fin with 4 simple and 9½ (1), 10½ (6*) or 11½ (4) branched rays, second ray longest; last unbranched ray rigid, thick (about 3 times width of branched rays), with 10-16 strong and pointed serrae along posterior edge (number increasing with size); distal margin straight to slightly convex; origin behind vertical through pelvic-fin origin; dorso-hypural distance reaching between nostril and tip of snout when reported forward from dorsal-fin origin. Pectoral fin rounded, with 15 (4*) or 16 (2) rays (unbranched and branched); reaching between 2/3 to whole distance to pelvic-fin origin. Pelvic fin rounded, with 8 rays (unbranched and branched); reaching slightly beyond halfway to anal-fin base; origin in front of vertical through dorsal-fin origin, origin slightly closer to pectoral-fin origin than to anal-fin origin. Anal fin with 3 unbranched and 5½ branched rays, first longest; last unbranched ray stout, rigid, thick (about 4 times thicker than branched rays), with 12-15 strong and pointed serrae along posterior edge (number increasing with size); distal margin straight; origin behind vertical through base of last dorsal-fin ray. Caudal fin with 9+9 (1) or 9+8 (5*) branched rays; forked, lobes rounded, subequal.</paragraph>
<caption id="3DE66601FFE94E45FF5ABC6DFAD5FEA6" ID-Table-UUID="3DE66601FFE94E45FF5ABC6DFAD5FEA6" box="[151,1337,260,282]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/3DE66601FFE94E45FF5ABC6DFAD5FEA6" pageId="2" pageNumber="325" targetBox="[254,1244,326,1365]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="69263689FFE94E45FF5ABC6DFF08FEA6" blockId="2.[151,228,260,281]" box="[151,228,260,281]" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">Table 1.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="69263689FFE94E45FF3ABC6DFAD5FEA6" blockId="2.[247,1337,260,282]" box="[247,1337,260,282]" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">
Morphometric data of holotype and 5 paratypes of 
<taxonomicName id="AE994D0AFFE94E45FD2DBC6CFC5DFEA5" authorityName="Maurice Kottelat" authorityYear="2017" box="[736,945,261,282]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Carassius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="325" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="praecipuus">
<emphasis id="5BEDEA9BFFE94E45FD2DBC6CFC5DFEA5" box="[736,945,261,282]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">Carassius praecipuus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Range and mean include holotype data.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="69263689FFE94E45FD2BBC2FFB22FAEA" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">
<table id="1B99C429FFE9B1B8FF33BC2FFB30FAEA" box="[254,1244,326,1365]" gridcols="4" gridrows="31" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">
<tr id="D7A934CBFFE9B1B8FF33BC2FFB30FEE5" box="[254,1244,326,346]" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="325" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FD2BBC2FFCDDFEE5" box="[742,817,326,346]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">holotype</th>
<th id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FC79BC2FFBF0FEE5" box="[948,1052,326,346]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">range</th>
<th id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FB61BC2FFB30FEE5" box="[1196,1244,326,346]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">mean</th>
</tr>
<tr id="D7A934CBFFE9B1B8FF33BC00FB30FEC3" box="[254,1244,361,380]" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="325" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FF33BC00FDC8FEC3" box="[254,548,361,380]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">Standard length (mm)</th>
<td id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FD2BBC00FCDDFEC3" box="[742,817,361,380]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">55.5</td>
<td id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FC79BC00FBF0FEC3" box="[948,1052,361,380]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">46.9-62.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D7A934CBFFE9B1B8FF33BCE2FB30FE21" box="[254,1244,395,414]" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="325" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FF33BCE2FDC8FE21" box="[254,548,395,414]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">Total length (mm)</th>
<td id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FD2BBCE2FCDDFE21" box="[742,817,395,414]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">70.6</td>
<td id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FC79BCE2FBF0FE21" box="[948,1052,395,414]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">62.0-80.8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D7A934CBFFE9B1B8FF33BCC4FB30FE7F" box="[254,1244,429,448]" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="325" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FF33BCC4FDC8FE7F" box="[254,548,429,448]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">
<emphasis id="5BEDEA9BFFE94E45FF33BCC4FDE4FE7F" bold="true" box="[254,520,429,448]" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">In percent of standard length</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="D7A934CBFFE9B1B8FF33BCA6FB30FE5D" box="[254,1244,463,482]" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">
<th id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FF33BCA6FDC8FE5D" box="[254,548,463,482]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">Total length</th>
<td id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FD2BBCA6FCDDFE5D" box="[742,817,463,482]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">127.1</td>
<td id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FC79BCA6FBF0FE5D" box="[948,1052,463,482]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">127.1-132.1</td>
<td id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FB61BCA6FB30FE5D" box="[1196,1244,463,482]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">129.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D7A934CBFFE9B1B8FF33BC98FB30FDBB" box="[254,1244,497,516]" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">
<th id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FF33BC98FDC8FDBB" box="[254,548,497,516]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">Head length</th>
<td id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FD2BBC98FCDDFDBB" box="[742,817,497,516]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">29.4</td>
<td id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FC79BC98FBF0FDBB" box="[948,1052,497,516]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">29.4-32.3</td>
<td id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FB61BC98FB30FDBB" box="[1196,1244,497,516]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">30.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D7A934CBFFE9B1B8FF33BF7AFB30FD99" box="[254,1244,531,550]" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">
<th id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FF33BF7AFDC8FD99" box="[254,548,531,550]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">Predorsal length</th>
<td id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FD2BBF7AFCDDFD99" box="[742,817,531,550]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">52.3</td>
<td id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FC79BF7AFBF0FD99" box="[948,1052,531,550]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">52.3-57.8</td>
<td id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FB61BF7AFB30FD99" box="[1196,1244,531,550]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">56.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D7A934CBFFE9B1B8FF33BF5CFB30FDF7" box="[254,1244,565,584]" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">
<th id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FF33BF5CFDC8FDF7" box="[254,548,565,584]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">Prepelvic length</th>
<td id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FD2BBF5CFCDDFDF7" box="[742,817,565,584]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">49.6</td>
<td id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FC79BF5CFBF0FDF7" box="[948,1052,565,584]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">49.6-54.3</td>
<td id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FB61BF5CFB30FDF7" box="[1196,1244,565,584]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">51.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D7A934CBFFE9B1B8FF33BF3FFB30FDD6" box="[254,1244,598,617]" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">
<th id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FF33BF3FFDC8FDD6" box="[254,548,598,617]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">Preanal length</th>
<td id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FD2BBF3FFCDDFDD6" box="[742,817,598,617]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">74.8</td>
<td id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FC79BF3FFBF0FDD6" box="[948,1052,598,617]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">73.5-77.4</td>
<td id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FB61BF3FFB30FDD6" box="[1196,1244,598,617]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">75.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D7A934CBFFE9B1B8FF33BF11FB30FD34" box="[254,1244,632,651]" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">
<th id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FF33BF11FDC8FD34" box="[254,548,632,651]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">Head depth</th>
<td id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FD2BBF11FCDDFD34" box="[742,817,632,651]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">23.7</td>
<td id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FC79BF11FBF0FD34" box="[948,1052,632,651]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">23.3-24.5</td>
<td id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FB61BF11FB30FD34" box="[1196,1244,632,651]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">23.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D7A934CBFFE9B1B8FF33BFF3FB30FD11" box="[254,1244,666,686]" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">
<th id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FF33BFF3FDC8FD11" box="[254,548,666,686]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">Body depth (anal-fin origin)</th>
<td id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FD2BBFF3FCDDFD11" box="[742,817,666,686]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">34.1</td>
<td id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FC79BFF3FBF0FD11" box="[948,1052,666,686]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">32.5-35.9</td>
<td id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FB61BFF3FB30FD11" box="[1196,1244,666,686]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">33.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D7A934CBFFE9B1B8FF33BFD5FB30FD70" box="[254,1244,700,719]" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">
<th id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FF33BFD5FDC8FD70" box="[254,548,700,719]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">Depth of caudal peduncle</th>
<td id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FD2BBFD5FCDDFD70" box="[742,817,700,719]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">15.3</td>
<td id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FC79BFD5FBF0FD70" box="[948,1052,700,719]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">14.4-15.3</td>
<td id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FB61BFD5FB30FD70" box="[1196,1244,700,719]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">14.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D7A934CBFFE9B1B8FF33BFB7FB30FD4E" box="[254,1244,734,753]" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">
<th id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FF33BFB7FDC8FD4E" box="[254,548,734,753]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">Length of caudal peduncle</th>
<td id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FD2BBFB7FCDDFD4E" box="[742,817,734,753]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">20.8</td>
<td id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FC79BFB7FBF0FD4E" box="[948,1052,734,753]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">19.0-21.3</td>
<td id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FB61BFB7FB30FD4E" box="[1196,1244,734,753]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">20.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D7A934CBFFE9B1B8FF33BE69FB30FCAC" box="[254,1244,768,787]" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">
<th id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FF33BE69FDC8FCAC" box="[254,548,768,787]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">Head width</th>
<td id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FD2BBE69FCDDFCAC" box="[742,817,768,787]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">17.4</td>
<td id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FC79BE69FBF0FCAC" box="[948,1052,768,787]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">17.4-20.0</td>
<td id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FB61BE69FB30FCAC" box="[1196,1244,768,787]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">18.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D7A934CBFFE9B1B8FF33BE4BFB30FC8A" box="[254,1244,802,821]" gridrow="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">
<th id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FF33BE4BFDC8FC8A" box="[254,548,802,821]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">Mouth width</th>
<td id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FD2BBE4BFCDDFC8A" box="[742,817,802,821]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">7.1</td>
<td id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FC79BE4BFBF0FC8A" box="[948,1052,802,821]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">6.7-7.8</td>
<td id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FB61BE4BFB30FC8A" box="[1196,1244,802,821]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">7.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D7A934CBFFE9B1B8FF33BE2DFB30FCE7" box="[254,1244,836,856]" gridrow="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">
<th id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FF33BE2DFDC8FCE7" box="[254,548,836,856]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">Eye diameter</th>
<td id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FD2BBE2DFCDDFCE7" box="[742,817,836,856]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">6.8</td>
<td id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FC79BE2DFBF0FCE7" box="[948,1052,836,856]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">6.6-7.8</td>
<td id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FB61BE2DFB30FCE7" box="[1196,1244,836,856]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">7.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D7A934CBFFE9B1B8FF33BE0FFB30FCC6" box="[254,1244,870,889]" gridrow="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">
<th id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FF33BE0FFDC8FCC6" box="[254,548,870,889]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">Snout length</th>
<td id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FD2BBE0FFCDDFCC6" box="[742,817,870,889]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">8.9</td>
<td id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FC79BE0FFBF0FCC6" box="[948,1052,870,889]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">8.7-10.1</td>
<td id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FB61BE0FFB30FCC6" box="[1196,1244,870,889]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">9.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D7A934CBFFE9B1B8FF33BEE1FB30FC24" box="[254,1244,904,923]" gridrow="17" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">
<th id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FF33BEE1FDC8FC24" box="[254,548,904,923]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">Interorbital distance</th>
<td id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FD2BBEE1FCDDFC24" box="[742,817,904,923]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">11.6</td>
<td id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FC79BEE1FBF0FC24" box="[948,1052,904,923]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">11.6-13.2</td>
<td id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FB61BEE1FB30FC24" box="[1196,1244,904,923]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">12.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D7A934CBFFE9B1B8FF33BEC3FB30FC02" box="[254,1244,938,957]" gridrow="18" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">
<th id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FF33BEC3FDC8FC02" box="[254,548,938,957]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">Length of dorsal spine</th>
<td id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FD2BBEC3FCDDFC02" box="[742,817,938,957]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">12.6</td>
<td id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FC79BEC3FBF0FC02" box="[948,1052,938,957]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">12.6-18.1</td>
<td id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FB61BEC3FB30FC02" box="[1196,1244,938,957]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">15.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D7A934CBFFE9B1B8FF33BEA5FB30FC5F" box="[254,1244,972,992]" gridrow="19" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">
<th id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FF33BEA5FDC8FC5F" box="[254,548,972,992]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">Length of dorsal-fin base</th>
<td id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FD2BBEA5FCDDFC5F" box="[742,817,972,992]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">23.3</td>
<td id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FC79BEA5FBF0FC5F" box="[948,1052,972,992]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">22.7-24.9</td>
<td id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FB61BEA5FB30FC5F" box="[1196,1244,972,992]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">23.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D7A934CBFFE9B1B8FF33BE87FB30FBBD" box="[254,1244,1006,1026]" gridrow="20" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">
<th id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FF33BE87FDC8FBBD" box="[254,548,1006,1026]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">Length of upper caudal-fin lobe</th>
<td id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FD2BBE87FCDDFBBD" box="[742,817,1006,1026]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">27.1</td>
<td id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FC79BE87FBF0FBBD" box="[948,1052,1006,1026]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">27.1-29.2</td>
<td id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FB61BE87FB30FBBD" box="[1196,1244,1006,1026]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">28.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D7A934CBFFE9B1B8FF33B979FB30FB9B" box="[254,1244,1040,1060]" gridrow="21" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">
<th id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FF33B979FDC8FB9B" box="[254,548,1040,1060]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">Length of median caudal-fin rays</th>
<td id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FD2BB979FCDDFB9B" box="[742,817,1040,1060]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">17.2</td>
<td id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FC79B979FBF0FB9B" box="[948,1052,1040,1060]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">16.3-18.9</td>
<td id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FB61B979FB30FB9B" box="[1196,1244,1040,1060]" gridcol="3" gridrow="21" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">17.7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D7A934CBFFE9B1B8FF33B95BFB30FBF9" box="[254,1244,1074,1094]" gridrow="22" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">
<th id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FF33B95BFDC8FBF9" box="[254,548,1074,1094]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">Length of lower caudal-fin lobe</th>
<td id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FD2BB95BFCDDFBF9" box="[742,817,1074,1094]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">27.4</td>
<td id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FC79B95BFBF0FBF9" box="[948,1052,1074,1094]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">27.0-29.8</td>
<td id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FB61B95BFB30FBF9" box="[1196,1244,1074,1094]" gridcol="3" gridrow="22" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">28.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D7A934CBFFE9B1B8FF33B93DFB30FBD7" box="[254,1244,1108,1128]" gridrow="23" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">
<th id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FF33B93DFDC8FBD7" box="[254,548,1108,1128]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">Length of anal-fin spine</th>
<td id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FD2BB93DFCDDFBD7" box="[742,817,1108,1128]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">13.2</td>
<td id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FC79B93DFBF0FBD7" box="[948,1052,1108,1128]" gridcol="2" gridrow="23" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">11.7-14.4</td>
<td id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FB61B93DFB30FBD7" box="[1196,1244,1108,1128]" gridcol="3" gridrow="23" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">12.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D7A934CBFFE9B1B8FF33B91FFB30FB35" box="[254,1244,1142,1162]" gridrow="24" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">
<th id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FF33B91FFDC8FB35" box="[254,548,1142,1162]" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">Length of pelvic fin</th>
<td id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FD2BB91FFCDDFB35" box="[742,817,1142,1162]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">17.9</td>
<td id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FC79B91FFBF0FB35" box="[948,1052,1142,1162]" gridcol="2" gridrow="24" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">16.6-19.0</td>
<td id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FB61B91FFB30FB35" box="[1196,1244,1142,1162]" gridcol="3" gridrow="24" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">18.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D7A934CBFFE9B1B8FF33B9F1FB30FB13" box="[254,1244,1176,1196]" gridrow="25" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">
<th id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FF33B9F1FDC8FB13" box="[254,548,1176,1196]" gridcol="0" gridrow="25" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">Length of pectoral fin</th>
<td id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FD2BB9F1FCDDFB13" box="[742,817,1176,1196]" gridcol="1" gridrow="25" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">19.4</td>
<td id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FC79B9F1FBF0FB13" box="[948,1052,1176,1196]" gridcol="2" gridrow="25" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">18.3-20.3</td>
<td id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FB61B9F1FB30FB13" box="[1196,1244,1176,1196]" gridcol="3" gridrow="25" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">19.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D7A934CBFFE9B1B8FF33B9D3FB30FB72" box="[254,1244,1210,1229]" gridrow="26" pageId="2" pageNumber="325" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FF33B9D3FDC8FB72" box="[254,548,1210,1229]" gridcol="0" gridrow="26" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">
<emphasis id="5BEDEA9BFFE94E45FF33B9D3FE0EFB72" bold="true" box="[254,482,1210,1229]" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">In percent of head length</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="D7A934CBFFE9B1B8FF33B9B5FB30FB50" box="[254,1244,1244,1263]" gridrow="27" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">
<th id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FF33B9B5FDC8FB50" box="[254,548,1244,1263]" gridcol="0" gridrow="27" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">Head width</th>
<td id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FD2BB9B5FCDDFB50" box="[742,817,1244,1263]" gridcol="1" gridrow="27" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">59</td>
<td id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FC79B9B5FBF0FB50" box="[948,1052,1244,1263]" gridcol="2" gridrow="27" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">57-62</td>
<td id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FB61B9B5FB30FB50" box="[1196,1244,1244,1263]" gridcol="3" gridrow="27" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">60</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D7A934CBFFE9B1B8FF33B997FB30FAAE" box="[254,1244,1278,1297]" gridrow="28" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">
<th id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FF33B997FDC8FAAE" box="[254,548,1278,1297]" gridcol="0" gridrow="28" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">Mouth width</th>
<td id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FD2BB997FCDDFAAE" box="[742,817,1278,1297]" gridcol="1" gridrow="28" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">24</td>
<td id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FC79B997FBF0FAAE" box="[948,1052,1278,1297]" gridcol="2" gridrow="28" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">22-25</td>
<td id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FB61B997FB30FAAE" box="[1196,1244,1278,1297]" gridcol="3" gridrow="28" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">23</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D7A934CBFFE9B1B8FF33B849FB30FA8B" box="[254,1244,1312,1332]" gridrow="29" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">
<th id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FF33B849FDC8FA8B" box="[254,548,1312,1332]" gridcol="0" gridrow="29" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">Eye diameter</th>
<td id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FD2BB849FCDDFA8B" box="[742,817,1312,1332]" gridcol="1" gridrow="29" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">23</td>
<td id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FC79B849FBF0FA8B" box="[948,1052,1312,1332]" gridcol="2" gridrow="29" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">21-24</td>
<td id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FB61B849FB30FA8B" box="[1196,1244,1312,1332]" gridcol="3" gridrow="29" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">23</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D7A934CBFFE9B1B8FF33B82BFB30FAEA" box="[254,1244,1346,1365]" gridrow="30" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">
<th id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FF33B82BFDC8FAEA" box="[254,548,1346,1365]" gridcol="0" gridrow="30" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">Snout length</th>
<td id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FD2BB82BFCDDFAEA" box="[742,817,1346,1365]" gridcol="1" gridrow="30" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">30</td>
<td id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FC79B82BFBF0FAEA" box="[948,1052,1346,1365]" gridcol="2" gridrow="30" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">27-33</td>
<td id="94785DB7FFE9B1B8FB61B82BFB30FAEA" box="[1196,1244,1346,1365]" gridcol="3" gridrow="30" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">30</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="69263689FFE94E45FF5ABA68FD51F7A7" blockId="2.[151,756,1473,2073]" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">Lateral line complete with 25+1 (1*), 26+1 (3) or 27+1 (2) pored scales. ½5 scale rows between lateral line and dorsal-fin origin; 6½ (1*) or 7½ (5) between lateral line and ventral midline, counted 2 scales in front of pelvicfin base; 4 (1*), 4½ (1) or 5 (4) between lateral line and pelvic-fin origin; 4 (3*) or 5 (3) between lateral line and anal-fin origin; ½2/1/2½ longitudinal scale rows on caudal peduncle; 12 (1*), 13 (4) or 14 (1). A single pelvic axillary scale, small, same shape as adjacent scales.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="69263689FFE94E45FC8DB8A8FC99F885" blockId="2.[832,1437,1473,2074]" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">
<emphasis id="5BEDEA9BFFE94E45FC8DB8A8FC28FA67" bold="true" box="[832,964,1473,1496]" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">Coloration:</emphasis>
After 6 weeks in formalin. Head and body yellowish brown, darker on back. Top of head dark brown. Belly yellowish white. Scales on dorsal half of flank, covered by densely set dark pigments (melanophores?); with a thin line of smaller ones along posterior edge; pigments more densely-set on scale pockets, making them appear as poorly contrasted crescentic marks. On lower half of body, scales with only a few large pigments, sparsely set, restricted to anterior half of exposed part of scale; number of pigments decreasing ventrally, no pigments on lowermost 2-4 scale rows. Peritoneum dark grey.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="69263689FFE94E44FC8DBA28FE84FEE4" blockId="2.[832,1437,1473,2074]" lastBlockId="3.[151,756,258,378]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="326" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">Dorsal fin with pigments on all rays and membranes, denser on rays and on posterior half of membranes. Caudal fin with pigments on rays and on membranes between branches (but not on membranes between rays). Anal fin with pigments larger than on other fins, less densely set, mainly on proximal half of membranes between last unbranched and third branched rays. Pelvic fin with a few pigments, sparsely set on proximal 1/3 of rays and membranes. Pectoral fin with pigments restricted to edges of all rays.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="69263689FFE84E44FF5ABC0AFD41FEC6" blockId="3.[151,756,258,378]" box="[151,685,354,378]" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">In life and shortly after fixation: yellowish brown.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="21836502FFE84E44FF5ABCF8FC40FD46" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="69263689FFE84E44FF5ABCF8FEDAFD97" blockId="3.[151,756,401,552]" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">
<emphasis id="5BEDEA9BFFE84E44FF5ABCF8FEC0FE17" bold="true" box="[151,300,401,424]" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">Distribution:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="AE994D0AFFE84E44FEF8BCFBFDCDFE16" authorityName="Maurice Kottelat" authorityYear="2017" box="[309,545,402,425]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Carassius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="praecipuus">
<emphasis id="5BEDEA9BFFE84E44FEF8BCFBFDCDFE16" box="[309,545,402,425]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">Carassius praecipuus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been observed only at the 
<typeStatus id="B622882BFFE84E44FEDABCDBFEA9FE75" box="[279,325,434,458]" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">type</typeStatus>
locality, in the upper Nam Chat in the hills of central 
<collectingCountry id="118E7619FFE84E44FEF4BCBBFE81FE56" box="[313,365,466,489]" name="Laos" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">Laos</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="F1A22A0CFFE84E44FEB6BCB8FE50FE55" box="[379,444,465,490]" captionStart="Fig. 3" captionStartId="3.[151,186,1282,1303]" captionTargetBox="[153,756,607,1232]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[153,758,607,1234]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 3. Laos: the Plain of Jars and the Nam Ngum, Nam Ngiep and Nam Xan drainages, showing the type locality of Carassius praecipuus. Shown topography is prior to the construction of the dams." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1015036/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). Security safeguards greatly restricted movement and access to potential additional sampling sites.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="69263689FFE84E44FCF2BC6BFC56FE46" blockId="3.[831,1437,258,761]" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">
if larger individuals had been present they would probably have been caught. Other fish species present were: 
<taxonomicName id="AE994D0AFFE84E44FC48BC2AFA74FEE6" authority="(Smith, 1931)" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1931" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1931" box="[901,1432,322,347]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Opsarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pulchellus">
<emphasis id="5BEDEA9BFFE84E44FC48BC2AFB8CFEE6" box="[901,1120,322,346]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">Opsarius pulchellus</emphasis>
(Smith, 1931) (Cyprinidae)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="AE994D0AFFE84E44FCF2BC0BFB5AFEC4" authority="Kottelat, 2000" authorityName="Kottelat" authorityYear="2000" box="[831,1206,354,379]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Schistura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coruscans">
<emphasis id="5BEDEA9BFFE84E44FCF2BC0BFBFAFEC5" box="[831,1046,354,378]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">Schistura coruscans</emphasis>
Kottelat, 2000
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="AE994D0AFFE84E44FB0DBC0AFC9BFE24" authority="Kottelat, 2000" authorityName="Kottelat" authorityYear="2000" class="Actinopterygii" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Schistura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="defectiva">
<emphasis id="5BEDEA9BFFE84E44FB0DBC0AFAD6FEC6" box="[1216,1338,354,378]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">S. defectiva</emphasis>
Kottelat, 2000
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="AE994D0AFFE84E44FC49BCEAFB5FFE24" authority="Kottelat, 2000" authorityName="Kottelat" authorityYear="2000" box="[900,1203,386,411]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Schistura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="personata">
<emphasis id="5BEDEA9BFFE84E44FC49BCEAFBE0FE25" box="[900,1036,387,410]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">S. personata</emphasis>
Kottelat, 2000
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="AE994D0AFFE84E44FB72BCEAFBDAFE06" authority="Kottelat, 2000" authorityName="Kottelat" authorityYear="2000" class="Actinopterygii" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Schistura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quaesita">
<emphasis id="5BEDEA9BFFE84E44FB72BCEAFADAFE25" box="[1215,1334,387,410]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">S. quaesita</emphasis>
Kottelat, 2000 (Nemacheilidae)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="AE994D0AFFE84E44FB8BBCCBFB51FE06" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1933" box="[1094,1213,418,441]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sisoridae" genus="Oreoglanis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5BEDEA9BFFE84E44FB8BBCCBFB51FE06" box="[1094,1213,418,441]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">Oreoglanis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. (
<taxonomicName id="AE994D0AFFE84E44FB31BCCBFA8EFE06" authorityName="Bleeker" authorityYear="1858" box="[1276,1378,418,441]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sisoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Sisoridae</taxonomicName>
) and 
<taxonomicName id="AE994D0AFFE84E44FCF2BCABFC5AFE46" authority="(Pellegrin &amp; Fang, 1940)" authorityName="Pellegrin &amp; Fang" authorityYear="1940" baseAuthorityName="Pellegrin &amp; Fang" baseAuthorityYear="1940" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gobiidae" genus="Rhinogobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mekongianus">
<emphasis id="5BEDEA9BFFE84E44FCF2BCABFB88FE66" box="[831,1124,450,473]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">Rhinogobius mekongianus</emphasis>
(Pellegrin &amp; Fang, 1940) (Gobiidae)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="69263689FFE84E44FCF2BF6BFC40FD46" blockId="3.[831,1437,258,761]" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">
The largest available specimen (
<quantity id="AE619B6CFFE84E44FB53BF6BFB00FDA5" box="[1182,1260,514,538]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" unit="mm" value="62.0">62 mm</quantity>
SL) is a female with mainly white oocytes and a few pale yellow eggs about 1.0 mm diameter, likely unripe. The specimens were collected at the end of February and this suggests that they would have been able to spawn a few weeks later in the comming dry season, or at the beginning of the wet season when the stream would flood the adjacent grassland.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="21836502FFE84E44FCF2BE7BFE99F827" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="69263689FFE84E44FCF2BE7BFB8CFC16" blockId="3.[831,1437,785,937]" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">
<emphasis id="5BEDEA9BFFE84E44FCF2BE7BFC29FC95" bold="true" box="[831,965,786,810]" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">Etymology:</emphasis>
From the Latin adjective 
<taxonomicName id="AE994D0AFFE84E44FB38BE7BFA81FC96" authorityName="Maurice Kottelat" authorityYear="2017" box="[1269,1389,786,809]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Carassius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="praecipuus">
<emphasis id="5BEDEA9BFFE84E44FB38BE7BFA81FC96" box="[1269,1389,786,809]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">praecipuus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="5BEDEA9BFFE84E44FAB2BE7BFA7AFC96" box="[1407,1430,786,809]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">-a</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="5BEDEA9BFFE84E44FCF2BE5BFC85FCF6" box="[831,873,818,841]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">-um</emphasis>
, meaning ‘which is not common’, allusion to the unexpected presence of a 
<taxonomicName id="AE994D0AFFE84E44FBB8BE3BFB0DFCD6" box="[1141,1249,850,873]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Carassius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5BEDEA9BFFE84E44FBB8BE3BFB0DFCD6" box="[1141,1249,850,873]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">Carassius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the Mekong drainage and the very low dorsal-fin ray, lateral line scale and gill-raker counts.
</paragraph>
<caption id="3DE66601FFE84E44FF5AB86BFE3AFAD1" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1015036/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" targetBox="[153,756,607,1232]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="69263689FFE84E44FF5AB86BFE3AFAD1" blockId="3.[151,756,1282,1390]" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">
Fig. 3. Laos: the Plain of Jars and the Nam Ngum, Nam Ngiep and Nam Xan drainages, showing the type locality of 
<taxonomicName id="AE994D0AFFE84E44FF2EB854FE5FFAED" authorityName="Maurice Kottelat" authorityYear="2017" box="[227,435,1341,1362]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Carassius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="praecipuus">
<emphasis id="5BEDEA9BFFE84E44FF2EB854FE5FFAED" box="[227,435,1341,1362]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">Carassius praecipuus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Shown topography is prior to the construction of the dams.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="69263689FFE84E44FF5AB8D6FE99F827" blockId="3.[151,757,1471,2072]" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">
<emphasis id="5BEDEA9BFFE84E44FF5AB8D6FDE8FA69" bold="true" box="[151,516,1471,1496]" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">Habitat and notes on biology:</emphasis>
The Nam Chat is a tributary of the Nam Ting, itself a tributary of Nam Ngum, entering it at 
<geoCoordinate id="0CAD504EFFE84E44FE4BB896FDE5F9A9" box="[390,521,1535,1558]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" precision="15" value="19.370834">19°22’15”N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="0CAD504EFFE84E44FDD9BB69FD4AF9A7" box="[532,678,1536,1560]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" precision="15" value="102.72278">102°43’22”E</geoCoordinate>
. It lies at the northern edge of the Plain of Jars, between the Nam Ngum proper and the Nam Khan, another tributary of the Mekong. The sampling site is in the uppermost course of the Nam Chat, about 
<quantity id="AE619B6CFFE84E44FE25BB16FDF3F929" box="[488,543,1663,1686]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
from its sources, at 
<quantity id="AE619B6CFFE84E44FF5ABBC9FEE5F909" box="[151,265,1695,1720]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.142" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" unit="m" value="1142.0">1142 masl</quantity>
. The stream was 
<quantity id="AE619B6CFFE84E44FE0EBBC9FDEEF907" box="[451,514,1696,1720]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" unit="m" value="3.0" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.0">2-4 m</quantity>
wide, about 
<quantity id="AE619B6CFFE84E44FD43BBF6FD18F907" box="[654,756,1695,1720]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" unit="cm" value="40.0" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="30.0">30-50 cm</quantity>
deep, up to about 
<quantity id="AE619B6CFFE84E44FE9ABBA9FE6DF967" box="[343,385,1728,1752]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</quantity>
deep in one of the curves (
<figureCitation id="F1A22A0CFFE84E44FD68BBD6FD0BF967" box="[677,743,1727,1752]" captionStart="Fig. 4" captionStartId="4.[151,186,2027,2048]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1285,1969]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,1285,1969]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 4. Nam Chat upstream of Ban Houay Sod, Xiangkhouang Province, Laos, 1142 masl; 29 February 2012. Type locality of Carassius praecipuus. Most specimens were obtained in the pool at the rear." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1015110/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
), with moderate current. The bottom was made of gravel and pebble, with some areas covered by a thin layer of sediments, most likely washed from adjacent fields. The stream is at the bottom of a narrow valley, used for agriculture. The shores are mainly covered by bushes and occasional trees.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="21836502FFE84E42FF5ABAC9FB18FE65" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="328" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" type="description">
<paragraph id="69263689FFE84E44FF5ABAC9FB0DFA48" blockId="3.[151,757,1471,2072]" lastBlockId="3.[831,1437,960,2072]" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">
<taxonomicName id="AE994D0AFFE84E44FF5ABAC9FE60F807" authorityName="Maurice Kottelat" authorityYear="2017" box="[151,396,1952,1976]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Carassius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="praecipuus">
<emphasis id="5BEDEA9BFFE84E44FF5ABAC9FE60F807" box="[151,396,1952,1976]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">Carassius praecipuus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was collected mainly in the deepest areas, under the roots of overhanging trees and bushes. No specimen larger than the 
<typeStatus id="B622882BFFE84E44FDB6BA88FD5FF846" box="[635,691,2017,2041]" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">types</typeStatus>
were observed; the sampling was done with electricity and 
<emphasis id="5BEDEA9BFFE84E44FCF2BEA8FC5DFC66" bold="true" box="[831,945,961,985]" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">Remarks:</emphasis>
The genus 
<taxonomicName id="AE994D0AFFE84E44FBF5BEA8FB4FFC67" box="[1080,1187,961,984]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Carassius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5BEDEA9BFFE84E44FBF5BEA8FB4FFC67" box="[1080,1187,961,984]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">Carassius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs naturally from 
<collectingRegion id="AB5DF86BFFE84E44FCF2BE89FC63FC48" box="[831,911,992,1015]" country="Israel" name="Central" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">Central</collectingRegion>
Europe to 
<collectingCountry id="118E7619FFE84E44FBD0BE88FBB6FC47" box="[1053,1114,993,1016]" name="Japan" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">Japan</collectingCountry>
and extends southwards in northern and central 
<collectingCountry id="118E7619FFE84E44FBE7B969FB69FBA8" box="[1066,1157,1024,1047]" name="Vietnam" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
in the rivers draining to the Gulf of 
<collectingCountry id="118E7619FFE84E44FC0CB949FBFCFB88" box="[961,1040,1056,1079]" name="Vietnam" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">Tonkin</collectingCountry>
. Some species have been cultivated, and especially some of the East Asian species, which have given rise to numerous ornamental varieties, popularly known as goldfishes. Goldfishes and some other species of 
<taxonomicName id="AE994D0AFFE84E44FBD8B9C8FB6EFB07" box="[1045,1154,1185,1208]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Carassius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5BEDEA9BFFE84E44FBD8B9C8FB6EFB07" box="[1045,1154,1185,1208]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">Carassius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been introduced, voluntarily or not, throughout the world and some have prooved very damaging pests. 
<taxonomicName id="AE994D0AFFE84E44FB67B988FA70FB47" authorityName="Maurice Kottelat" authorityYear="2017" box="[1194,1436,1249,1272]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Carassius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="praecipuus">
<emphasis id="5BEDEA9BFFE84E44FB67B988FA70FB47" box="[1194,1436,1249,1272]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">Carassius praecipuus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the first species of the genus discovered in the Indochinese area (in the zoogeographic meaning; see 
<bibRefCitation id="0D084B78FFE84E44FCF2B829FC0BFAE6" author="Kottelat M." box="[831,999,1344,1369]" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin Zoologisch Museum Universiteit van Amsterdam 12" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" pagination="1 - 54" part="1" refString="Kottelat M. 1989. Zoogeography of the fishes from Indochinese inland waters with an annotated check-list. Bulletin Zoologisch Museum Universiteit van Amsterdam 12 (1): 1 - 54." title="Zoogeography of the fishes from Indochinese inland waters with an annotated check-list" type="journal article" year="1989">Kottelat, 1989</bibRefCitation>
). A number of characters distinguish 
<taxonomicName id="AE994D0AFFE84E44FCF2B808FC0CFAC7" authorityName="Maurice Kottelat" authorityYear="2017" box="[831,992,1377,1400]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Carassius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="praecipuus">
<emphasis id="5BEDEA9BFFE84E44FCF2B808FC0CFAC7" box="[831,992,1377,1400]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">C. praecipuus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from all its congeners and allow to exclude the possibility that it could be a feral population of some cultivated variety accidentally released in the wild (which anyway at the very isolated site would be surprising, although never impossible).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="69263689FFE84E44FCF2BB69FA68F826" blockId="3.[831,1437,960,2072]" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">
The European and northern Palaearctic species of 
<taxonomicName id="AE994D0AFFE84E44FCF2BB48FC46F987" box="[831,938,1569,1592]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Carassius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5BEDEA9BFFE84E44FCF2BB48FC46F987" box="[831,938,1569,1592]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">Carassius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are described or diagnosed by Berg (1948), 
<bibRefCitation id="0D084B78FFE84E44FCF2BB29FBACF9E6" author="Szczerbowski J. A." bookContentInfo="506 pp." box="[831,1088,1600,1625]" editor="Banarescu P. M." journalOrPublisher="Wiesbaden, XIV" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" pagination="5 - 41" refString="Szczerbowski J. A. 2002. Carassius auratus (Linnaeus, 1758) [pp. 5 - 41]. In: Banarescu P. M., Paepke H. - J. (eds), The freshwater fishes of Europe. Vol. 5 / III. Cyprinidae 2. Part III: Carassius to Cyprinus. Gasterosteidae. Aula, Wiesbaden, XIV + 506 pp." title="Carassius auratus (Linnaeus, 1758)" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="The freshwater fishes of Europe. Vol. 5 / III. Cyprinidae 2. Part III: Carassius to Cyprinus. Gasterosteidae. Aula" year="2002">Szczerbowski (2002: 7)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="0D084B78FFE84E44FBBABB29FA74F9E6" author="Kottelat M. &amp; Freyhof J." bookContentInfo="646 pp." box="[1143,1432,1600,1625]" journalOrPublisher="Cornol &amp; Freyhof, Berlin, XIV" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" refString="Kottelat M., Freyhof J. 2007. Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Kottelat, Cornol &amp; Freyhof, Berlin, XIV + 646 pp." title="Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Kottelat" type="book" year="2007">Kottelat &amp; Freyhof (2007)</bibRefCitation>
, the Chinese species by 
<bibRefCitation id="0D084B78FFE84E44FBFABB08FAE0F9C6" author="Luo Y. L. &amp; Chen Y. Y." bookContentInfo="653 pp." box="[1079,1292,1632,1657]" editor="Yue P. Q." journalOrPublisher="Science Press, Beijing, V" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" pagination="391 - 433" refString="Luo Y. L., Chen Y. Y. 2000. [Cyprininae] [pp. 391 - 433]. In: Yue P. Q. (ed.). [Fauna Sinica. Osteichthyes. Cypriniformes III]. Science Press, Beijing, V + 653 pp. [In Chinese, English summary]." title="Cyprininae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Fauna Sinica. Osteichthyes. Cypriniformes III" year="2000">Luo &amp; Chen (2000)</bibRefCitation>
, the Japanese species by 
<bibRefCitation id="0D084B78FFE84E44FC70BBE8FB8CF926" author="Hosoya K." box="[957,1120,1665,1689]" editor="Nakabo T." journalOrPublisher="English edition. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, 2 vols, 1: I-LXI + 1 - 866" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" pagination="867 - 1749" part="2" refString="Hosoya K. 2002. Cyprinidae [pp. 253 - 271]. In: Nakabo T. (ed.). Fishes of Japan with pictorial keys to the species, English edition. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, 2 vols, 1: I-LXI + 1 - 866, 2: I-VIII + 867 - 1749." title="Cyprinidae [pp. 253 - 271]" type="journal article" volumeTitle="Fishes of Japan with pictorial keys to the species" year="2002">Hosoya (2002)</bibRefCitation>
and the Vietnamese species by 
<bibRefCitation id="0D084B78FFE84E44FCA8BBC8FB8BF906" author="Nguyen V. H. &amp; Ngo S. V." bookContentInfo="622 pp." box="[869,1127,1697,1721]" journalOrPublisher="Tap I. Ho ca chep (Cyprinidae) [Freshwater fishes of Vietnam. Volume 1. Carp family (Cyprinidae)]. Nha Xuat Ban Nong Nghiep [Agriculture Publishing House], Hanoi" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" refString="Nguyen V. H., Ngo S. V. 2001. Ca nuoc ngot Viet Nam. Tap I. Ho ca chep (Cyprinidae) [Freshwater fishes of Vietnam. Volume 1. Carp family (Cyprinidae)]. Nha Xuat Ban Nong Nghiep [Agriculture Publishing House], Hanoi, 622 pp. [In Vietnamese]." title="Ca nuoc ngot Viet Nam" type="book" year="2001">Nguyen &amp; Ngo (2001)</bibRefCitation>
. Several meristic characters distinguish 
<taxonomicName id="AE994D0AFFE84E44FC73BBA8FBBBF967" authorityName="Maurice Kottelat" authorityYear="2017" box="[958,1111,1729,1752]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Carassius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="praecipuus">
<emphasis id="5BEDEA9BFFE84E44FC73BBA8FBBBF967" box="[958,1111,1729,1752]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">C. praecipuus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from all other species. It has fewer branched dorsal-fin rays (9-11½, vs. 11-21½), fewer lateral line scales (25-27 + 1, vs. 27-36), fewer gill rakers (total 20-21, vs. 23-128). Further, the shorter dorsal fin in 
<taxonomicName id="AE994D0AFFE84E44FCB3BA28FBF8F8E7" authorityName="Maurice Kottelat" authorityYear="2017" box="[894,1044,1857,1880]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Carassius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="praecipuus">
<emphasis id="5BEDEA9BFFE84E44FCB3BA28FBF8F8E7" box="[894,1044,1857,1880]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">C. praecipuus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is reflected by the more forward end of the base of the fin (in front of a vertical through the origin of the anal fin, vs. behind origin of the anal fin).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="69263689FFE84E43FCF2BAC9FEA3FDA5" blockId="3.[831,1437,960,2072]" lastBlockId="4.[151,757,258,1211]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="327" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">
Based on the literature, some of these meristic values show marginal overlap. The analysis is complicated by the fact that some species of 
<taxonomicName id="AE994D0AFFE84E44FB8BBA88FB5DF847" box="[1094,1201,2017,2040]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Carassius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5BEDEA9BFFE84E44FB8BBA88FB5DF847" box="[1094,1201,2017,2040]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">Carassius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are widely distributed and are of interest for aquaculture and geneticists; the use of contradictory and sometimes incoherent species concepts, and the non-understanding of the implications of the concepts used, has blurred the taxonomy of the group and makes it difficult to know how many species really exist and how much of the identifications under the same name in different countries are really conspecific. I will focus here only on the populations showing meristic features whose values overlap with the ranges observed in 
<taxonomicName id="AE994D0AFFEF4E43FF7EBF6AFEA5FDA5" authorityName="Maurice Kottelat" authorityYear="2017" box="[179,329,515,538]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Carassius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="327" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="praecipuus">
<emphasis id="5BEDEA9BFFEF4E43FF7EBF6AFEA5FDA5" box="[179,329,515,538]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="327">C. praecipuus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="69263689FFEF4E43FF5ABF4AFE67FBA5" blockId="4.[151,757,258,1211]" pageId="4" pageNumber="327">A further recurrent problem is that it is not always clear how the different authors obtained some of the counts. Differences exist in the way of counting the last two dorsal-fin rays that articulate on the same pterygiophore. Some authors count them as a single ray, others as two rays; I note them as ‘1½’, a notation that removes ambiguity and also indicates that the author is aware of this issue. Similarly, different authors have reported lateral line scale counts in different ways, including or not the scales on the base of the caudal fin. They are here given separately (e.g. 26+1); again, this notation removes the ambiguity in showing that the author is aware of the issue. In the literature, in many instances, it is not clear if a count indicated as 26 means 24+2, 25+1 or 26+x. There are also instances of authors refering to a method but in fact using another one.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="69263689FFEF4E43FF5AB94BFC83FD84" blockId="4.[151,757,258,1211]" lastBlockId="4.[832,1437,258,1211]" pageId="4" pageNumber="327">
Whichever way they are counted, there are only few literature records of branched dorsal-fin ray counts of 11 or 12. A single species shows overlap with 
<taxonomicName id="AE994D0AFFEF4E43FD94B90AFD02FBC5" authorityName="Maurice Kottelat" authorityYear="2017" box="[601,750,1123,1146]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Carassius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="327" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="praecipuus">
<emphasis id="5BEDEA9BFFEF4E43FD94B90AFD02FBC5" box="[601,750,1123,1146]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="327">C. praecipuus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="0D084B78FFEF4E43FF5AB9EAFE80FB26" author="Hosoya K." box="[151,364,1154,1179]" editor="Nakabo T." journalOrPublisher="English edition. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, 2 vols, 1: I-LXI + 1 - 866" pageId="4" pageNumber="327" pagination="867 - 1749" part="2" refString="Hosoya K. 2002. Cyprinidae [pp. 253 - 271]. In: Nakabo T. (ed.). Fishes of Japan with pictorial keys to the species, English edition. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, 2 vols, 1: I-LXI + 1 - 866, 2: I-VIII + 867 - 1749." title="Cyprinidae [pp. 253 - 271]" type="journal article" volumeTitle="Fishes of Japan with pictorial keys to the species" year="2002">Hosoya (2002: 254)</bibRefCitation>
reports from a small area of Honshu island (
<collectingCountry id="118E7619FFEF4E43FF28B9CAFEC9FB04" box="[229,293,1187,1211]" name="Japan" pageId="4" pageNumber="327">Japan</collectingCountry>
) an unnamed “ 
<taxonomicName id="AE994D0AFFEF4E43FE04B9CAFDD5FB05" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[457,569,1187,1210]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Carassius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="327" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auratus">
<emphasis id="5BEDEA9BFFEF4E43FE04B9CAFDD5FB05" box="[457,569,1187,1210]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="327">C. auratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subsp. 2”, which has 11-14 (= 11-14½ in my notation; explained p. xxxv). This “ 
<taxonomicName id="AE994D0AFFEF4E43FC49BC4AFC1BFE85" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[900,1015,291,314]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Carassius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="327" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auratus">
<emphasis id="5BEDEA9BFFEF4E43FC49BC4AFC1BFE85" box="[900,1015,291,314]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="327">C. auratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subsp. 2” also has some overlap with 
<taxonomicName id="AE994D0AFFEF4E43FC8DBC2AFC30FEE5" authorityName="Maurice Kottelat" authorityYear="2017" box="[832,988,323,346]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Carassius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="327" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="praecipuus">
<emphasis id="5BEDEA9BFFEF4E43FC8DBC2AFC30FEE5" box="[832,988,323,346]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="327">C. praecipuus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in lateral line scale count, with 26-30 scales on the body (method explained p. xxxi). However, 
<taxonomicName id="AE994D0AFFEF4E43FC8DBCEAFC39FE25" authorityName="Maurice Kottelat" authorityYear="2017" box="[832,981,387,410]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Carassius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="327" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="praecipuus">
<emphasis id="5BEDEA9BFFEF4E43FC8DBCEAFC39FE25" box="[832,981,387,410]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="327">C. praecipuus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguished in having 20-21 gill rakers on the first gill arch (vs. 30-38) and the origin of the anal fin is behind a vertical through the base of the last dorsalfin ray (vs. under dorsal-fin base). It is noteworthy that “ 
<taxonomicName id="AE994D0AFFEF4E43FC86BF6AFC56FDA5" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[843,954,515,538]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Carassius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="327" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auratus">
<emphasis id="5BEDEA9BFFEF4E43FC86BF6AFC56FDA5" box="[843,954,515,538]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="327">C. auratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subsp. 2” also has a small size (up to 
<quantity id="AE619B6CFFEF4E43FA88BF6BFA70FDA5" box="[1349,1436,514,538]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="327" unit="mm" value="150.0">150 mm</quantity>
SL).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="69263689FFEF4E42FC8DBF2BFE9EFE22" blockId="4.[832,1437,258,1211]" lastBlockId="5.[151,757,258,1424]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="328" pageId="4" pageNumber="327">
<bibRefCitation id="0D084B78FFEF4E43FC8DBF2BFBAEFDE4" author="Szczerbowski J. A." bookContentInfo="506 pp." box="[832,1090,578,603]" editor="Banarescu P. M." journalOrPublisher="Wiesbaden, XIV" pageId="4" pageNumber="327" pagination="5 - 41" refString="Szczerbowski J. A. 2002. Carassius auratus (Linnaeus, 1758) [pp. 5 - 41]. In: Banarescu P. M., Paepke H. - J. (eds), The freshwater fishes of Europe. Vol. 5 / III. Cyprinidae 2. Part III: Carassius to Cyprinus. Gasterosteidae. Aula, Wiesbaden, XIV + 506 pp." title="Carassius auratus (Linnaeus, 1758)" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="The freshwater fishes of Europe. Vol. 5 / III. Cyprinidae 2. Part III: Carassius to Cyprinus. Gasterosteidae. Aula" year="2002">Szczerbowski (2002: 7)</bibRefCitation>
compiled a list of counts from the literature for 
<taxonomicName id="AE994D0AFFEF4E43FC3CBF0AFB19FDC4" authority="(Bloch, 1782)" authorityName="Bloch" authorityYear="1782" baseAuthorityName="Bloch" baseAuthorityYear="1782" box="[1009,1269,610,635]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Carassius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="327" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gibelio">
<emphasis id="5BEDEA9BFFEF4E43FC3CBF0AFBB5FDC6" box="[1009,1113,610,634]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="327">C. gibelio</emphasis>
(Bloch, 1782)
</taxonomicName>
. The cumulated variation is 12-19 (apparently =12-19½ in my notation); 12 is reported only in the range 12-18 for a population from Yakutia. Noteworthy is that this Yakutia sample also has the lowest reported lateral line scale count, with 27- 35 scales, while others have 28-33. The count supposedly includes the scales on the caudal-fin base (see below) but one cannot be certain since this is a compilation from disparate sources. The reported range of variability of the counts in this Yakutia population is very wide and makes the data suspicious. A variability range of 7 rays for a population with an average 15 rays is something otherwise unknown in cyprinid fishes in which the usual range in species with short dorsal fin would be 2-3 rays (and often no variability); this suggests a serious problem and poor reliability. In any case, 
<taxonomicName id="AE994D0AFFEF4E43FAC8B92AFA71FBE5" authorityName="Maurice Kottelat" authorityYear="2017" box="[1285,1437,1091,1114]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Carassius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="327" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="praecipuus">
<emphasis id="5BEDEA9BFFEF4E43FAC8B92AFA71FBE5" box="[1285,1437,1091,1114]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="327">C. praecipuus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguished from 
<taxonomicName id="AE994D0AFFEF4E43FBF7B90AFB45FBC6" baseAuthorityName="Bloch" baseAuthorityYear="1782" box="[1082,1193,1122,1146]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Carassius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="327" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gibelio">
<emphasis id="5BEDEA9BFFEF4E43FBF7B90AFB45FBC6" box="[1082,1193,1122,1146]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="327">C. gibelio</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having 20-21 gill rakers on the first gill arch (vs. 35-54) and a much smaller size (largest known specimen 
<quantity id="AE619B6CFFEF4E43FB42B9CBFB31FB05" box="[1167,1245,1186,1210]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="327" unit="mm" value="62.0">62 mm</quantity>
SL, vs. 
<quantity id="AE619B6CFFEF4E43FA8DB9CBFA70FB05" box="[1344,1436,1186,1210]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="327" unit="mm" value="350.0">350 mm</quantity>
SL). 
<taxonomicName id="AE994D0AFFEE4E42FF03BC6AFE67FEA6" baseAuthorityName="Bloch" baseAuthorityYear="1782" box="[206,395,258,282]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Carassius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="328" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gibelio">
<emphasis id="5BEDEA9BFFEE4E42FF03BC6AFE67FEA6" box="[206,395,258,282]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="328">Carassius gibelio</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a species present from eastern Europe to northeastern 
<collectingCountry id="118E7619FFEE4E42FE51BC4AFE32FE85" box="[412,478,291,314]" name="China" pageId="5" pageNumber="328">China</collectingCountry>
, which possibly includes several species and hybrids and presents a number of taxonomic problems (
<bibRefCitation id="0D084B78FFEE4E42FE41BC0DFD58FEC3" author="Kottelat M. &amp; Freyhof J." bookContentInfo="646 pp." box="[396,692,356,380]" journalOrPublisher="Cornol &amp; Freyhof, Berlin, XIV" pageId="5" pageNumber="328" refString="Kottelat M., Freyhof J. 2007. Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Kottelat, Cornol &amp; Freyhof, Berlin, XIV + 646 pp." title="Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Kottelat" type="book" year="2007">Kottelat &amp; Freyhof, 2007</bibRefCitation>
: 145; 
<bibRefCitation id="0D084B78FFEE4E42FF5ABCEDFE8AFE22" author="Kalous L. &amp; Bohlen J. &amp; Rylkova K. &amp; Petrtyl M." box="[151,358,388,413]" journalOrPublisher="Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters 23" pageId="5" pageNumber="328" pagination="11 - 18" part="1" refString="Kalous L., Bohlen J., Rylkova K., Petrtyl M. 2012. Hidden diversity within the Prussian carp and designation of a neotype for Carassius gibelio (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters 23 (1): 11 - 18." title="Hidden diversity within the Prussian carp and designation of a neotype for Carassius gibelio (Teleostei: Cyprinidae)" type="journal article" year="2012">
Kalous 
<emphasis id="5BEDEA9BFFEE4E42FF24BCEFFECAFE24" box="[233,294,388,413]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="328">et al.,</emphasis>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="3DE66601FFEF4E43FF5ABA82FC6AF7A1" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1015110/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="327" targetBox="[151,1436,1285,1969]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="69263689FFEF4E43FF5ABA82FC6AF7A1" blockId="4.[151,1437,2027,2078]" pageId="4" pageNumber="327">
Fig. 4. Nam Chat upstream of Ban Houay Sod, Xiangkhouang Province, Laos, 1142 masl; 29 February 2012. Type locality of 
<taxonomicName id="AE994D0AFFEF4E43FA97BA85FE95F7A1" authorityName="Maurice Kottelat" authorityYear="2017" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Carassius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="327" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="praecipuus">
<emphasis id="5BEDEA9BFFEF4E43FA97BA85FE95F7A1" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="327">Carassius praecipuus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Most specimens were obtained in the pool at the rear.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="69263689FFEE4E42FF5ABCCCFD9AFCFC" blockId="5.[151,757,258,1424]" pageId="5" pageNumber="328">
Lateral line scale counts of 26 and 27 have been reported for 
<taxonomicName id="AE994D0AFFEE4E42FF71BCAEFEC9FE61" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[188,293,455,478]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Carassius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="328" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auratus">
<emphasis id="5BEDEA9BFFEE4E42FF71BCAEFEC9FE61" box="[188,293,455,478]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="328">C auratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the literature as the extreme of a range of 26-31. This is again in a table compiled in 
<bibRefCitation id="0D084B78FFEE4E42FDADBC8FFF11FD9F" author="Szczerbowski J. A." bookContentInfo="506 pp." editor="Banarescu P. M." journalOrPublisher="Wiesbaden, XIV" pageId="5" pageNumber="328" pagination="5 - 41" refString="Szczerbowski J. A. 2002. Carassius auratus (Linnaeus, 1758) [pp. 5 - 41]. In: Banarescu P. M., Paepke H. - J. (eds), The freshwater fishes of Europe. Vol. 5 / III. Cyprinidae 2. Part III: Carassius to Cyprinus. Gasterosteidae. Aula, Wiesbaden, XIV + 506 pp." title="Carassius auratus (Linnaeus, 1758)" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="The freshwater fishes of Europe. Vol. 5 / III. Cyprinidae 2. Part III: Carassius to Cyprinus. Gasterosteidae. Aula" year="2002">Szczerbowski (2002: 7)</bibRefCitation>
, who supposedly included the pored scales on the caudal-fin base (as most eastern European authors). For the same species, 27-30 scales are reported by 
<bibRefCitation id="0D084B78FFEE4E42FF5ABF03FE2FFD3E" author="Luo Y. L. &amp; Chen Y. Y." bookContentInfo="653 pp." box="[151,451,617,641]" editor="Yue P. Q." journalOrPublisher="Science Press, Beijing, V" pageId="5" pageNumber="328" pagination="391 - 433" refString="Luo Y. L., Chen Y. Y. 2000. [Cyprininae] [pp. 391 - 433]. In: Yue P. Q. (ed.). [Fauna Sinica. Osteichthyes. Cypriniformes III]. Science Press, Beijing, V + 653 pp. [In Chinese, English summary]." title="Cyprininae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Fauna Sinica. Osteichthyes. Cypriniformes III" year="2000">Luo &amp; Chen (2000: 430)</bibRefCitation>
, who supposedly included only the scales on the body (as most Chinese authors). 
<taxonomicName id="AE994D0AFFEE4E42FF5ABFC2FEC1FD7D" authorityName="Maurice Kottelat" authorityYear="2017" box="[151,301,683,706]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Carassius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="328" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="praecipuus">
<emphasis id="5BEDEA9BFFEE4E42FF5ABFC2FEC1FD7D" box="[151,301,683,706]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="328">C. praecipuus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguished in having 9-11½ branched dorsal-fin rays (vs. 13-19½ in 
<taxonomicName id="AE994D0AFFEE4E42FE39BFA2FD86FD5C" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[500,618,715,739]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Carassius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="328" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auratus">
<emphasis id="5BEDEA9BFFEE4E42FE39BFA2FD86FD5C" box="[500,618,715,739]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="328">C. auratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), 20-21 gill rakers on the first gill arch (vs. 37-47), and the origin of the anal fin is behind a vertical through the base of the last dorsal-fin ray (vs. under dorsal-fin base).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="69263689FFEE4E42FF5ABE27FB18FE65" blockId="5.[151,757,258,1424]" lastBlockId="5.[831,1437,258,1182]" pageId="5" pageNumber="328">
A single other species of 
<taxonomicName id="AE994D0AFFEE4E42FE77BE27FDC9FCDA" box="[442,549,846,869]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Carassius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="328" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5BEDEA9BFFEE4E42FE77BE27FDC9FCDA" box="[442,549,846,869]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="328">Carassius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been reported from 
<collectingCountry id="118E7619FFEE4E42FF1EBE06FEE5FC39" box="[211,265,879,902]" name="Laos" pageId="5" pageNumber="328">Laos</collectingCountry>
, from the Nam Ma drainage, a river entering 
<collectingCountry id="118E7619FFEE4E42FF5ABEE6FF27FC19" box="[151,203,911,934]" name="Laos" pageId="5" pageNumber="328">Laos</collectingCountry>
from and returning to 
<collectingCountry id="118E7619FFEE4E42FE1ABEE7FDDDFC1A" box="[471,561,910,933]" name="Vietnam" pageId="5" pageNumber="328">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
and entering the Gulf of 
<collectingCountry id="118E7619FFEE4E42FF3FBEC6FED1FC79" box="[242,317,943,966]" name="Vietnam" pageId="5" pageNumber="328">Tonkin</collectingCountry>
near 
<collectingRegion id="AB5DF86BFFEE4E42FEB2BEC6FE11FC78" box="[383,509,943,967]" country="Vietnam" name="Thanh Hoa" pageId="5" pageNumber="328">Thanh Hoa</collectingRegion>
. The species has been identified as 
<taxonomicName id="AE994D0AFFEE4E42FEECBEB9FD9DFC57" authority="(Kottelat, 2001: 42)" authorityName="Kottelat" authorityPageNumber="42" authorityYear="2001" baseAuthorityName="Kottelat" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[289,625,975,1000]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Carassius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="328" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auratus">
<emphasis id="5BEDEA9BFFEE4E42FEECBEB9FE7EFC57" box="[289,402,976,1000]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="328">C. auratus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="0D084B78FFEE4E42FE6FBEA6FD86FC57" author="Kottelat M." bookContentInfo="198 pp." box="[418,618,975,1000]" journalOrPublisher="Wildlife Heritage Trust, Colombo" pageId="5" pageNumber="328" refString="Kottelat M. 2001. Fishes of Laos. Wildlife Heritage Trust, Colombo, 198 pp." title="Fishes of Laos" type="book" year="2001">Kottelat, 2001: 42</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, which may or may not be correct, and may be native or introduced or invasive. In any case, 
<taxonomicName id="AE994D0AFFEE4E42FEB0B978FDFDFB96" authorityName="Maurice Kottelat" authorityYear="2017" box="[381,529,1041,1065]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Carassius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="328" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="praecipuus">
<emphasis id="5BEDEA9BFFEE4E42FEB0B978FDFDFB96" box="[381,529,1041,1065]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="328">C. praecipuus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguished from these specimens in having a more slender appearance (compare 
<figureCitation id="F1A22A0CFFEE4E42FEC4B93BFE9FFBD5" box="[265,371,1106,1130]" captionStart="Fig. 1" captionStartId="1.[151,186,1244,1265]" captionTargetBox="[175,1383,329,1150]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,257,1199]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. Carassius praecipuus; Laos: Nam Ngum drainage: Nam Chat. (A) MHNG 2767.087, holotype, 55.6 mm SL. (B) CMK 22746, paratype, 62.0 mm SL (reversed)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1015098/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="328">Figures 1</figureCitation>
and 
<figureCitation id="F1A22A0CFFEE4E42FE78B93BFE28FBD6" box="[437,452,1106,1129]" captionStart="Fig. 5" captionStartId="5.[151,186,2054,2075]" captionTargetBox="[149,1435,1517,1999]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[149,1435,1517,1999]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 5. Carassius auratus, CMK 25714, 68.4 mm SL; Laos: Houaphan Province: Nam Ma drainage." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1296390/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="328">5</figureCitation>
), a yellowish brown body coloration (vs. golden in life, greyish when preserved), fewer branched dorsal-fin rays (9-11½, vs. 15-18½), the distal margin of the dorsal fin straight to convex (vs. concave to straight), fewer lateral line scales (25-27 + 1, vs. 27-28 + 2), fewer longitudinal scale rows on the caudal peduncle (½2/1/2½, vs. ½3/1/3½), the anal-fin origin behind the base of the last branched dorsal-fin ray (vs. under branched ray 13-14 [or 2-4 when counted from posterior extremity of fin]), strong and pointed serrae along the posterior edge of the last unbranched dorsal- and anal-fin rays (vs. short and blunt); fewer and shorter gill rakers on the first gill arch (20-21, length about 1-1.5 times width of arch and about 3-4 times in length of gill filaments at same position; vs. about 34 gill rakers in one dissected specimen, about 3-4 times wider than arch and about 2 times in length of gill filaments).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="21836502FFEE4E42FC8DBC8DFC6DFB21" pageId="5" pageNumber="328" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="69263689FFEE4E42FC8DBC8DFC6DFB21" blockId="5.[831,1437,258,1182]" pageId="5" pageNumber="328">
<taxonomicName id="AE994D0AFFEE4E42FC8DBC8DFC47FE44" ID-CoL="62KFJ" box="[832,939,484,507]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Carassius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="328" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5BEDEA9BFFEE4E42FC8DBC8DFC47FE44" box="[832,939,484,507]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="328">Carassius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a genus typical of the East Asian Subregion of the Oriental Region (
<emphasis id="5BEDEA9BFFEE4E42FBF7BF6DFB99FDA4" box="[1082,1141,516,539]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="328">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="0D084B78FFEE4E42FBB6BF6AFAFAFDA3" author="Kottelat M." box="[1147,1302,515,540]" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin Zoologisch Museum Universiteit van Amsterdam 12" pageId="5" pageNumber="328" pagination="1 - 54" part="1" refString="Kottelat M. 1989. Zoogeography of the fishes from Indochinese inland waters with an annotated check-list. Bulletin Zoologisch Museum Universiteit van Amsterdam 12 (1): 1 - 54." title="Zoogeography of the fishes from Indochinese inland waters with an annotated check-list" type="journal article" year="1989">Kottelat, 1989</bibRefCitation>
: 34; of Sino- Indian Region 
<emphasis id="5BEDEA9BFFEE4E42FC2EBF4CFBF2FD83" box="[995,1054,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="328">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="0D084B78FFEE4E42FBEABF4DFB31FD83" author="Banarescu P." box="[1063,1245,548,572]" journalOrPublisher="Wiesbaden, pp. 519 - 1091" pageId="5" pageNumber="328" refString="Banarescu P. 1992. Zoogeography of fresh waters. Volume 2. Distribution and dispersal of freshwater animals in North America and Eurasia. Aula, Wiesbaden, pp. 519 - 1091." title="Zoogeography of fresh waters. Volume 2. Distribution and dispersal of freshwater animals in North America and Eurasia. Aula" type="book" year="1992">Bănărescu, 1992</bibRefCitation>
) and its presence in the Mekong drainage (Indochinese District, Southeast Asian Subregion, Oriental Region, 
<emphasis id="5BEDEA9BFFEE4E42FB3DBF0CFAC7FDC3" box="[1264,1323,613,636]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="328">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="0D084B78FFEE4E42FA8DBF0DFC94FD23" author="Kottelat M." journalOrPublisher="Bulletin Zoologisch Museum Universiteit van Amsterdam 12" pageId="5" pageNumber="328" pagination="1 - 54" part="1" refString="Kottelat M. 1989. Zoogeography of the fishes from Indochinese inland waters with an annotated check-list. Bulletin Zoologisch Museum Universiteit van Amsterdam 12 (1): 1 - 54." title="Zoogeography of the fishes from Indochinese inland waters with an annotated check-list" type="journal article" year="1989">Kottelat, 1989</bibRefCitation>
: 34; South Asian Subregion of Banarescu, 1989) is unexpected. Nevertheless, it is not too surprising. The Nam Chat is adjacent to the Plain of Jars and to the Nam Ngum proper at the south. The Nam Ngum, Nam Ngiep and Nam Neun have headwaters on the Plain of Jars where they are separated only by very low divides. The Nam Ngum and Nam Ngiep are tributaries of the Mekong while the Nam Neun flows to the east to 
<collectingCountry id="118E7619FFEE4E42FB23BE0CFAA4FCC3" box="[1262,1352,869,892]" name="Vietnam" pageId="5" pageNumber="328">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
and the Gulf of 
<collectingCountry id="118E7619FFEE4E42FC59BEECFC0EFC23" box="[916,994,901,924]" name="Vietnam" pageId="5" pageNumber="328">Tonkin</collectingCountry>
, which it enters near Vinh. A few species or genera typical of the East Asian fauna are present in the Mekong tributaries on the Plain of Jars [
<taxonomicName id="AE994D0AFFEE4E42FACABEACFB3FFC41" ID-CoL="74RWX" authority="Nichols &amp; Pope, 1927" authorityName="Nichols &amp; Pope" authorityYear="1927" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Opsariichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="328" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hainanensis">
<emphasis id="5BEDEA9BFFEE4E42FACABEACFC52FC43" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="328">Opsariichthys hainanensis</emphasis>
Nichols &amp; Pope, 1927
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="AE994D0AFFEE4E42FB28BE8EFA85FC41" ID-CoL="85VH" authorityName="Hora" authorityYear="1932" box="[1253,1385,999,1022]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Balitoridae" genus="Vanmanenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="328" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5BEDEA9BFFEE4E42FB28BE8EFA85FC41" box="[1253,1385,999,1022]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="328">Vanmanenia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp., 
<taxonomicName id="AE994D0AFFEE4E42FCF2B96CFAE1FBA1" ID-CoL="4S923" authority="Chen &amp; Kottelat, 2003" authorityName="Chen &amp; Kottelat" authorityYear="2003" box="[831,1293,1029,1054]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gobiidae" genus="Rhinogobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="328" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="milleri">
<emphasis id="5BEDEA9BFFEE4E42FCF2B96CFBFFFBA3" box="[831,1043,1029,1052]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="328">Rhinogobius milleri</emphasis>
Chen &amp; Kottelat, 2003
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="AE994D0AFFEE4E42FADBB96CFB62FB82" ID-CoL="3X8M4" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Actinopterygii" family="Osphronemidae" genus="Macropodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="328" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="opercularis">
<emphasis id="5BEDEA9BFFEE4E42FADBB96CFC55FB82" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="328">Macropodus opercularis</emphasis>
(Linnaeus, 1758)
</taxonomicName>
] (
<bibRefCitation id="0D084B78FFEE4E42FB60B94FFABBFB81" author="Kottelat M." box="[1197,1367,1062,1086]" journalOrPublisher="Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters" pageId="5" pageNumber="328" pagination="28" refString="Kottelat M. 2017. Vanmanenia orcicampus, a new species of loach from the Plain of Jars, Laos (Teleostei: Gastromyzontidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 28 (in press)." title="Vanmanenia orcicampus, a new species of loach from the Plain of Jars, Laos (Teleostei: Gastromyzontidae)" type="book chapter" year="2017">Kottelat, 2017</bibRefCitation>
). The species is possiby also present in head waters of the Nam Khan (the next watershed to the north) and of the Nam Neun.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>