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<mods:title id="C0DB26517A67E6536FC9C51A7A936D41">Songs in the genus Uromenus (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Ephippigerini): A review with new information about some species</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="FC58CC1D39CF19A56A3245B4D7A5B955">Nagy Fuvaros u. 6, 1084 Budapest, Hungary; saksup @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 8008 - 749 X</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="8A38165957E480E40AA0FB3540F5355E">Szövényi, Gergely</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="05199CC5F48C0E2F5F5A0077B0466BAA">Department of Systematic Zoology and Ecology, ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, 1117, Hungary; gergely. szovenyi @ ttk. elte. hu; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9632 - 4066</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="43F78EA4BEAAA175AFEAB2A04D1D9164">Chobanov, Dragan P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C95EEAB584A827E5C2D37BF484AE0B6B">Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1 Tsar Osvoboditel Boulevard, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria. dchobanov @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 1642 - 0363</mods:affiliation>
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<taxonomicName id="AFE84D197132FFEF06B4FF58153DFF68" ID-CoL="7DVN3" authority="Nadig, 1994" authorityName="Nadig" authorityYear="1994" box="[151,554,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Uromenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="galvagnii">
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<emphasis id="5A9CEA887132FFEF06B4FF581699FF6B" bold="true" box="[151,398,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="103">Uromenus galvagnii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="0C794B6B7132FFEF07B6FF58153DFF68" author="Nadig, A." box="[405,554,151,177]" pageId="10" pageNumber="103" pagination="919 - 1016" refId="ref10416" refString="Nadig, A. (1994) Revision der Gattung Uromenus Bolivar, 1878 (Orthoptera: Ephippigeridae). Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 101, 919 - 1016. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 79936" type="journal article" year="1994">Nadig, 1994</bibRefCitation>
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<collectingCountry id="10FF760A7132FFEF06B4FF10163FFF20" box="[151,296,223,249]" name="Morocco" pageId="10" pageNumber="103">MOROCCO</collectingCountry>
, SW of
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,
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,
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,
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a.s.l.
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,
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<collectingDate id="0C12E9B27132FFEF0592FF101333FF20" box="[945,1060,223,250]" pageId="10" pageNumber="103" value="2013-05-24">24 v 2013</collectingDate>
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, leg.
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Conclusions from the short recording; the calling song consists of isolated syllables (
<figureCitation id="F0D32A1F7132FFEF0253FECC13A5FEC4" box="[1136,1202,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1977,2001]" captionTargetBox="[163,1428,327,1941]" captionTargetId="figure-107@4.[151,1436,309,1954]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Oscillograms of male calling songs of the Uromenus species studied here, 10 second sections." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5027550" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5027550/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="103">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
) which are separated by intervals of several seconds, with a short opening hemisyllable (53±4 ms; n=2) followed by a longer closing hemisyllable (105 ms with ca. 47 impulses;
<figureCitation id="F0D32A1F7132FFEF04A7FE8415D0FEBC" box="[644,711,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1924,1948]" captionTargetBox="[157,1424,193,1889]" captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[151,1436,181,1901]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Oscillograms of male calling songs of Uromenus species studied here, 2 second sections." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5027558" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5027558/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="103">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
), both having approximately the same amplitude.
</paragraph>
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The frequency spectrum has a relatively low and narrow maximum around 10 kHz (
<figureCitation id="F0D32A1F7132FFEF0257FEA013AFFE53" box="[1140,1208,367,394]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,260,1447,1473]" captionTargetBox="[161,1427,187,1422]" captionTargetId="figure-19@7.[151,1436,179,1423]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Power spectra of the calling songs of the Uromenus species studied here." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5027564" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5027564/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="103">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6857369A7132FFEF06E4FE5C1380FE0B" blockId="10.[151,1436,223,682]" pageId="10" pageNumber="103">
The male tegmina (
<figureCitation id="F0D32A1F7132FFEF0787FE5C16EBFE77" box="[420,508,403,430]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,260,1205,1231]" captionTargetBox="[161,1432,186,1177]" captionTargetId="figure-19@9.[151,1436,179,1181]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Male tegmina in Uromenus. A—U. elegans (Crete), B—U. dyrrhachiacus, C—U. finoti, D—U. galvagnii, E—U. robustus, F—U. tobboganensis and G—U. innocentii." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5027566" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5027566/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="103">Fig. 6C</figureCitation>
) are in shape and size similar to
<taxonomicName id="AFE84D197132FFEF0556FE5B14C4FE74" baseAuthorityName="Brunner von Wattenwyl" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[885,979,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Uromenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="finoti">
<emphasis id="5A9CEA887132FFEF0556FE5B14C4FE74" box="[885,979,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="103">U. finoti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The male stridulatory file carries about 140 teeth (
<figureCitation id="F0D32A1F7132FFEF072DFE781645FE0B" box="[270,338,439,466]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,260,1961,1987]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,1292,1934]" captionTargetId="figure-59@9.[151,1436,1289,1937]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Male stridulatory files in Uromenus. A—U. elegans (Crete), B—U. dyrrhachiacus, C—U. finoti, D—U. galvagnii, E—U. robustus, F—U. tobboganensis, G—U. melillae, H—U. innocentii, I—U. choumarae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5027572" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5027572/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="103">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="256A03217132FFEF077CFE7816B0FE08" box="[351,423,439,465]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="16.[151,239,151,175]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="TABLE 2. Measurements of stridulatory files of the Uromenus species studied here" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/3C9766127128FFF506B4FF581303FF76" pageId="10" pageNumber="103" tableUuid="3C9766127128FFF506B4FF581303FF76">Tab. 2</tableCitation>
). In the middle of the file the inter-tooth intervals are about
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.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6857369A7132FFEF06E4FE141522FDE4" blockId="10.[151,1436,223,682]" pageId="10" pageNumber="103">
<emphasis id="5A9CEA887132FFEF06E4FE141676FE2C" bold="true" box="[199,353,475,501]" pageId="10" pageNumber="103">Morphology.</emphasis>
The species was grouped by
<bibRefCitation id="0C794B6B7132FFEF0486FE14142DFE2C" author="Nadig, A." box="[677,826,475,501]" pageId="10" pageNumber="103" pagination="919 - 1016" refId="ref10416" refString="Nadig, A. (1994) Revision der Gattung Uromenus Bolivar, 1878 (Orthoptera: Ephippigeridae). Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 101, 919 - 1016. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 79936" type="journal article" year="1994">Nadig (1994)</bibRefCitation>
within his
<emphasis id="5A9CEA887132FFEF0596FE14130BFE2C" box="[949,1052,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="103">Robustus</emphasis>
Group. The species is typical with the very long male epiproct and the elongate cerci (
<figureCitation id="F0D32A1F7132FFEF04FBFE301456FDC0" box="[728,833,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="14.[151,260,1927,1953]" captionTargetBox="[173,1414,378,1902]" captionTargetId="figure-109@14.[173,1414,378,1903]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10. Cerci of the Moroccan species of Uromenus studied here and of U. dyrrhachiacus. A—U. finoti, B—U. galvagnii, C—U. robustus, D—U. tobboganensis, E—U. melillae, F—U. innocentii, G—U. choumarae, H—U. dyrrhachiacus" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5027580" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5027580/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="103">Fig. 10B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="F0D32A1F7132FFEF0562FE30145CFDC0" box="[833,843,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1871,1895]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,561,1848]" captionTargetId="figure-106@2.[151,1436,561,1848]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. General appearance and habitats of Uromenus species. A—U. elegans (Italy, Lazio), BD—U. elegans (Crete; photos B and C taken by Ionuţ Iorgu), E, F—U. dyrrhachiacus, G—U. agarenus, HJ—U. finoti, K, L—U. robustus, M, N—U. tobboganensis, O—U. maroccanus, P, Q—U. melillae, R—U. innocentii, S, T—U. choumarae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5027546" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5027546/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="103">1</figureCitation>
). Male 10th tergum, epiproct, cerci and titillators are shown on
<figureCitation id="F0D32A1F7132FFEF0729FDEC167AFDE4" box="[266,365,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="14.[151,260,1927,1953]" captionTargetBox="[173,1414,378,1902]" captionTargetId="figure-109@14.[173,1414,378,1903]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10. Cerci of the Moroccan species of Uromenus studied here and of U. dyrrhachiacus. A—U. finoti, B—U. galvagnii, C—U. robustus, D—U. tobboganensis, E—U. melillae, F—U. innocentii, G—U. choumarae, H—U. dyrrhachiacus" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5027580" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5027580/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="103">Fig. 10B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="F0D32A1F7132FFEF074DFDEC1680FDE4" box="[366,407,547,573]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStartId-0="2.[151,250,1871,1895]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,250,1977,2001]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,561,1848]" captionTargetBox-1="[163,1428,327,1941]" captionTargetId-0="figure-106@2.[151,1436,561,1848]" captionTargetId-1="figure-107@4.[151,1436,309,1954]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. General appearance and habitats of Uromenus species. A—U. elegans (Italy, Lazio), BD—U. elegans (Crete; photos B and C taken by Ionuţ Iorgu), E, F—U. dyrrhachiacus, G—U. agarenus, HJ—U. finoti, K, L—U. robustus, M, N—U. tobboganensis, O—U. maroccanus, P, Q—U. melillae, R—U. innocentii, S, T—U. choumarae." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Oscillograms of male calling songs of the Uromenus species studied here, 10 second sections." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5027546" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5027550" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5027546/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5027550/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="103">12</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="F0D32A1F7132FFEF07EEFDEC1526FDE4" box="[461,561,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="15.[151,260,1942,1968]" captionTargetBox="[278,1310,179,1918]" captionTargetId="figure-19@15.[278,1310,179,1918]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 11. Titillators of U. dyrrhachiacus and of the Moroccan species of Uromenus studied here. A—U. dyrrhachiacus, B—U. finoti, C—U. galvagnii, D—U. robustus, E—U. tobboganensis, F—U. melillae, G—U. innocentii, H—U. choumarae. Scale 2 mm except for U. dyrrhachiacus - 0.9 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5027603" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5027603/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="103">Fig. 11C</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="20F265117132FFEF06E4FD881438FD70" pageId="10" pageNumber="103" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="6857369A7132FFEF06E4FD881438FD70" blockId="10.[151,1436,223,682]" pageId="10" pageNumber="103">
<emphasis id="5A9CEA887132FFEF06E4FD88163BFDB8" bold="true" box="[199,300,583,609]" pageId="10" pageNumber="103">Ecology.</emphasis>
The species was found within diverse mesoxerophyte ruderalized vegetation (bordering orchards and vineyards). The locality most probably classifies within the Köppen climate
<typeStatus id="B75388387132FFEF05C9FDA3130DFD5F" box="[1002,1050,620,646]" pageId="10" pageNumber="103">type</typeStatus>
CSa (Hot-summer mediterranean) to CSb (Warm-summer mediterranean)(
<bibRefCitation id="0C794B6B7132FFEF0471FD401434FD70" author="Verner, D. &amp; Treguer, D. &amp; Redwood, J. &amp; Christensen, J. &amp; McDonnell, R. &amp; Elbert, C. &amp; Konishi, Y. &amp; Belghazi, S." box="[594,803,655,682]" pageId="10" pageNumber="103" refId="ref11113" refString="Verner, D., Treguer, D., Redwood, J., Christensen, J., McDonnell, R., Elbert, C., Konishi, Y. &amp; Belghazi, S. (2018) Climate Variability, Drought, and Drought Management in Morocco's Agricultural Sector. World Bank Group, Washington, D. C. Available from: http: // documents. worldbank. org / curated / en / 353801538414553978 / Climate-Variability-Drought-and-Drought- Management-in-Moroccos-Agricultural-Sector (accessed 8 June 2021) https: // doi. org / 10.1596 / 30603" type="url" year="2018">
Verner
<emphasis id="5A9CEA887132FFEF0484FD5F15CFFD70" box="[679,728,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="103">et al</emphasis>
. 2018
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>