221 lines
24 KiB
XML
221 lines
24 KiB
XML
<document id="4C6E893ED99F4FEF381BA1170013CDE6" ID-CLB-Dataset="3265" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.5730714" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4631fcfb-1c02-43ca-add6-eba909339b4a" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5730714" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1637974816431" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Russell A. Mittermeier, Anthony B. Rylands & Don E. Wilson" docDate="2013" docId="DF668780FFF7FFE7FFD8FE236C82EDE9" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_3_Callitrichidae_0262.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 3 Primates, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Saguinus leucopus" docType="treatment" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="339" masterDocId="235FFFF8FFD5FFC5FF94FFFB6F48E062" masterDocTitle="Callitrichiade" masterLastPageNumber="346" masterPageNumber="262" pageNumber="339" updateTime="1699470543288" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="A8D782171EFA7549C0C229C4C3A51F36" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="70DD09B6BA523A4CF315C49012A2CABA">
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<mods:title id="DF6805BA49E8ECD73A2A8A4C90BBE825">Callitrichiade</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="539A762B305C04D68B92EAEB30D71214">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="436EA3E6BE95BB0E91DE019E816ADE66">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="BF680CF56B6485B982A02A94F24A9FE3">Anthony B. Rylands</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="07BABB8520A9FA70193404304682D0C2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="8DBDEA7A2DAB562C79AAA783A3B7A148">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="78B148E19A39947F6051F3CD6BC83CCA">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:dateIssued id="ACBE9B414F1F8668BC14D417FAC06E2E">2013</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="B8A40BA24715B4117248A17A6354492B" type="pubDate">2013-03-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="D62057B402FB508ED9174EF495B2A195">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="634DCC4BF346CD1FF1F196D20D7AC83C">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:titleInfo id="E9DDDB04D0CB424B7E40E3D98EA3AA3C">
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<mods:title id="D1E0432257F5DE94D5429957CEE48BA2">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 3 Primates</mods:title>
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<treatment id="DF668780FFF7FFE7FFD8FE236C82EDE9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5730890" ID-GBIF-Taxon="190872740" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5730890" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DF668780FFF7FFE7FFD8FE236C82EDE9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DF668780FFF7FFE7FFD8FE236C82EDE9" lastPageNumber="339" pageId="34" pageNumber="339">
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<subSubSection id="1FD5651DFFF7FFE7FFD8FE236FCDE264" box="[76,133,472,518]" pageId="34" pageNumber="339" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="57703696FFF7FFE7FFD8FE236FCDE264" blockId="34.[73,1031,472,601]" box="[76,133,472,518]" pageId="34" pageNumber="339">
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<heading id="0C3881FAFFF7FFE7FFD8FE236FCDE264" box="[76,133,472,518]" pageId="34" pageNumber="339">
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<figureCitation id="CFF42A13FFF7FFE7FFD8FE236F37E264" box="[76,127,472,518]" captionStart="On" captionStartId="28.[78,109,3404,3424]" captionTargetBox="[13,2702,16,3632]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="On following pages 34 Red-bel ıed Tarnann (Saguınus labıatusi 35 Emperor Tamann (Saguınus mpemron 36 Mıdas Tamann (Saguınus nudes) 37 Black-handed Tamann (Saguınııs nıgen 38 Pıed Tamann (Soguınus bıoolofi 39 Mamns s Bare-faced Tamann (Saguınus mamnsl) 40 Mottled-face Tırnann (Saguınus ınustusl 41 Whıte-fooıed Tamann (Saguınus Ieuoopus) 42 Cotton-top Tımann (Saguınus oedvøus). 43 Geoffroys Tamann (Saguınus gsafhoyñ" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6621689" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6621689/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="339">41</figureCitation>
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.
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1FD5651DFFF7FFE7FF07FE236D29E264" box="[147,609,472,518]" pageId="34" pageNumber="339" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="57703696FFF7FFE7FF07FE236D29E264" blockId="34.[73,1031,472,601]" box="[147,609,472,518]" pageId="34" pageNumber="339">
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<heading id="0C3881FAFFF7FFE7FF07FE236D29E264" box="[147,609,472,518]" pageId="34" pageNumber="339">White-footed Tamarin</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1FD5651DFFF7FFE7FD03FE236CBCE264" box="[663,1012,472,518]" pageId="34" pageNumber="339" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="57703696FFF7FFE7FD03FE236CBCE264" blockId="34.[73,1031,472,601]" box="[663,1012,472,518]" pageId="34" pageNumber="339">
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<heading id="0C3881FAFFF7FFE7FD03FE236CBCE264" box="[663,1012,472,518]" pageId="34" pageNumber="339">
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<taxonomicName id="90CF4D15FFF7FFE7FD03FE236CBCE264" ID-CoL="4TZBV" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[663,1012,472,518]" class="Mammalia" family="Callitrichidae" genus="Saguinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="34" pageNumber="339" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucopus">
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<emphasis id="65BBEA84FFF7FFE7FD03FE236CBCE264" box="[663,1012,472,518]" pageId="34" pageNumber="339">Saguinus leucopus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1FD5651DFFF7FFE7FFDFFDE26C30E237" pageId="34" pageNumber="339" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="57703696FFF7FFE7FFDFFDE26C30E237" blockId="34.[73,1031,472,601]" pageId="34" pageNumber="339">
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||
<heading id="0C3881FAFFF7FFE7FFDFFDE26C30E237" pageId="34" pageNumber="339">
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<emphasis id="65BBEA84FFF7FFE7FFDFFDE26FD0E24C" box="[75,152,537,558]" pageId="34" pageNumber="339">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="D9CC46B8FFF7FFE7FF34FDE26ECBE24C" box="[160,387,537,558]" pageId="34" pageNumber="339">Tamarin a pieds blancs</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="65BBEA84FFF7FFE7FE0CFDE26EBAE24C" box="[408,498,537,558]" pageId="34" pageNumber="339">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="D9CC46B8FFF7FFE7FE6FFDE26DD4E24C" box="[507,668,537,558]" pageId="34" pageNumber="339">WeikfulRtamarin</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="65BBEA84FFF7FFE7FD26FDE26C45E24C" box="[690,781,537,558]" pageId="34" pageNumber="339">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="D9CC46B8FFF7FFE7FC82FDE26B4FE24C" box="[790,1031,537,558]" pageId="34" pageNumber="339">Tamarin de pies blancos</vernacularName>
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<emphasis id="65BBEA84FFF7FFE7FFDEFDBB6E09E237" box="[74,321,576,597]" pageId="34" pageNumber="339">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="D9CC46B8FFF7FFE7FEDEFDBB6DC7E237" box="[330,655,576,597]" pageId="34" pageNumber="339">Silvery-brown Bare-face Tamarin</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="D9CC46B8FFF7FFE7FD08FDBB6C30E237" box="[668,888,576,597]" pageId="34" pageNumber="339">Silvery-brown Tamarin</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1FD5651DFFF7FFE7FD3AFD796BB2E2C1" box="[686,1274,642,675]" pageId="34" pageNumber="339" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="57703696FFF7FFE7FD3AFD796BB2E2C1" blockId="34.[686,1278,642,1068]" box="[686,1274,642,675]" pageId="34" pageNumber="339">
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<emphasis id="65BBEA84FFF7FFE7FD3AFD796C01E2C1" box="[686,841,642,675]" pageId="34" pageNumber="339">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="90CF4D15FFF7FFE7FCC1FD796BBEE2C1" authority="Gunther, 1877" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1877" box="[853,1270,642,675]" class="Mammalia" family="Callitrichidae" genus="Hapale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="34" pageNumber="339" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucopus">Hapale leucopus Günther, 1877</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1FD5651DFFF7FFE7FD3BFD4A6B22E2A8" box="[687,1130,689,714]" pageId="34" pageNumber="339" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="57703696FFF7FFE7FD3BFD4A6B22E2A8" blockId="34.[686,1278,642,1068]" box="[687,1130,689,714]" pageId="34" pageNumber="339">
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<materialsCitation id="E7A73CCBFFF7FFE7FD3BFD4A6B22E2A8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3804053305" box="[687,1130,689,714]" pageId="34" pageNumber="339">
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Medellin,
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<collectingRegion id="950BF874FFF7FFE7FCA9FD4A6C83E2A8" box="[829,971,689,714]" country="Colombia" name="Antioquia" pageId="34" pageNumber="339">Antioquia</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="2FD87606FFF7FFE7FC4FFD4A6B2EE2A8" box="[987,1126,689,714]" name="Colombia" pageId="34" pageNumber="339">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1FD5651DFFF7FFE7FD3BFD2F6CDBE3ED" pageId="34" pageNumber="339" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="57703696FFF7FFE7FD3BFD2F6CDBE3ED" blockId="34.[686,1278,642,1068]" pageId="34" pageNumber="339">
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Southernmost populations of S.
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<taxonomicName id="90CF4D15FFF7FFE7FB00FD2F6BB6E293" authorityName="Giinther" authorityYear="1877" box="[1172,1278,724,753]" class="Mammalia" family="Callitrichidae" genus="Saguinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="34" pageNumber="339" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucopus">leucopus</taxonomicName>
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tend to be darker, with dark stripes on forearms and shanks, and they may represent a distinct subspecies, but considered monotypic here.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1FD5651DFFF7FFE7FD3AFC656C81E431" pageId="34" pageNumber="339" type="distribution">
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<caption id="03B0661EFFF7FFE7FD3AFC656C81E431" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5730830" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5730830" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5730830/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="339" targetBox="[73,653,656,1062]" targetPageId="34">
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<paragraph id="57703696FFF7FFE7FD3AFC656C81E431" blockId="34.[686,1278,642,1068]" lastBlockId="34.[69,1278,1078,3467]" pageId="34" pageNumber="339">
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<emphasis id="65BBEA84FFF7FFE7FD3AFC656C16E3D5" box="[686,862,926,951]" pageId="34" pageNumber="339">Distribution.</emphasis>
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NC
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<collectingCountry id="2FD87606FFF7FFE7FC47FC656B15E3D5" box="[979,1117,926,951]" name="Colombia" pageId="34" pageNumber="339">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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, between the lower Rio
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<collectingRegion id="950BF874FFF7FFE7FCEAFC466C9BE3BC" box="[894,979,957,990]" country="Colombia" name="Cauca" pageId="34" pageNumber="339">Cauca</collectingRegion>
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and the middle Rio
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<collectingRegion id="950BF874FFF7FFE7FD3BFC186C03E466" box="[687,843,995,1028]" country="Colombia" name="Magdalena" pageId="34" pageNumber="339">Magdalena</collectingRegion>
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, extending S along the W bank of the
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<collectingRegion id="950BF874FFF7FFE7FC9BFBF06CE1E44E" box="[783,937,1035,1068]" country="Colombia" name="Magdalena" pageId="34" pageNumber="339">Magdalena</collectingRegion>
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at least as far as Mariquita; also on Mompos I and on some of the Is in the
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<collectingRegion id="950BF874FFF7FFE7FCBDFBCD6C8DE431" box="[809,965,1078,1107]" country="Colombia" name="Magdalena" pageId="34" pageNumber="339">Magdalena</collectingRegion>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1FD5651DFFF7FFE7FFDCFBA56B3EE505" pageId="34" pageNumber="339" type="description">
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<paragraph id="57703696FFF7FFE7FFDCFBA56B3EE505" blockId="34.[69,1278,1078,3467]" pageId="34" pageNumber="339">
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<emphasis id="65BBEA84FFF7FFE7FFDCFBA56E0DE419" box="[72,325,1118,1147]" pageId="34" pageNumber="339">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 22-29 cm (males) and 23-25 cm (females), tail 36— 42 cm (males) and 35-40 cm (females); weight c.462 g. The fur of the White-footed Tamarin is brownish-gray above with long whitish hair tips and a rusty-orange underside. It has a white brow and long dark brown hairs on the back of the neck, forming a ruff. Forearms, hands, and feet are whitish, and the tail is brown, with an occasional whitish tip. Facial skin is black and appears naked from a distance, but it is really covered with a generous amount of short silvery hairs on the cheeks and crown.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1FD5651DFFF7FFE7FFDCFA8A6C1CE649" pageId="34" pageNumber="339" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="57703696FFF7FFE7FFDCFA8A6C1CE649" blockId="34.[69,1278,1078,3467]" pageId="34" pageNumber="339">
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<emphasis id="65BBEA84FFF7FFE7FFDCFA8A6FFEE5EC" box="[72,182,1393,1422]" pageId="34" pageNumber="339">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Primary, secondary lowland, and pre-montane rainforest up to elevations of 1500 m. The White-footed Tamarin is most often seen in the low and mid-canopy of the forest, butit favors edge habitats such as streamsides. It thrives in second-growth vegetation. Groups are able to exist in suburban areas with groves and small forest patches in gardens, where cultivated fruits are available.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1FD5651DFFF7FFE7FFD3F9C96BF3E7BF" pageId="34" pageNumber="339" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph id="57703696FFF7FFE7FFD3F9C96BF3E7BF" blockId="34.[69,1278,1078,3467]" pageId="34" pageNumber="339">
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<emphasis id="65BBEA84FFF7FFE7FFD3F9C96E06E631" box="[71,334,1586,1619]" pageId="34" pageNumber="339">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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The White-footed Tamarin eats fruits and flowers from at least 25 plants, including
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<taxonomicName id="90CF4D15FFF7FFE7FED5F99A6E97E618" box="[321,479,1633,1658]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Anacardium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="34" pageNumber="339" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Anacardium</taxonomicName>
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excelsum,
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<taxonomicName id="90CF4D15FFF7FFE7FDF8F99A6D94E618" box="[620,732,1633,1658]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Spondias" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="34" pageNumber="339" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Spondias</taxonomicName>
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mombin,
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<taxonomicName id="90CF4D15FFF7FFE7FCF5F99A6B77E618" box="[865,1087,1633,1658]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Mangifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="34" pageNumber="339" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="indica">Mangifera indica</taxonomicName>
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, and Tapinira guianensis (all
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<taxonomicName id="90CF4D15FFF7FFE7FE85F97E6EA9E6C0" box="[273,481,1669,1698]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="34" pageNumber="339" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Anacardiaceae</taxonomicName>
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),
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<taxonomicName id="90CF4D15FFF7FFE7FE6BF97E6D16E6C0" box="[511,606,1669,1698]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Burseraceae" genus="Bursera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="34" pageNumber="339" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Bursera</taxonomicName>
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simaruba and
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<taxonomicName id="90CF4D15FFF7FFE7FCBFF97E6CC6E6C0" box="[811,910,1669,1698]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Burseraceae" genus="Protium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="34" pageNumber="339" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Protium</taxonomicName>
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nodulosum (
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<taxonomicName id="90CF4D15FFF7FFE7FBAFF97E6BA1E6C0" box="[1083,1257,1669,1698]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Burseraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="34" pageNumber="339" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Burseraceae</taxonomicName>
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),
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<taxonomicName id="90CF4D15FFF7FFE7FFD3F9576FC0E6AB" box="[71,136,1708,1737]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Ficus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="34" pageNumber="339" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ficus</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="90CF4D15FFF7FFE7FF46F9576E63E6AB" authorityName="A.F.C.P.Saint-Hilaire" authorityYear="1821" box="[210,299,1708,1737]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Sorocea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="34" pageNumber="339" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Sorocea</taxonomicName>
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sprucei (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CF4D15FFF7FFE7FE34F9576D66E6AB" box="[416,558,1708,1737]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="34" pageNumber="339" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Moraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), Psidium guajava, Myrcia, and Eugenia (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CF4D15FFF7FFE7FBC2F9576BA1E6AB" box="[1110,1257,1708,1737]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="34" pageNumber="339" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Myrtaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CF4D15FFF7FFE7FF13F9346FA7E692" box="[135,239,1743,1776]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapotaceae" genus="Pouteria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="34" pageNumber="339" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Pouteria</taxonomicName>
|
||
multiflora (Sapotacaeae). In suburban areas, they eat semi-cultivated fruits such as mango (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CF4D15FFF7FFE7FEBBF9006D5BE77A" box="[303,531,1787,1816]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Mangifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="34" pageNumber="339" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="indica">Mangifera indica</taxonomicName>
|
||
), papaya, guava, graviola (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CF4D15FFF7FFE7FC11F9006CA6E77A" box="[901,1006,1787,1816]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Annona" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="34" pageNumber="339" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Annona</taxonomicName>
|
||
muricata), avocado (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CF4D15FFF7FFE7FFC7F8D96FEAE75D" box="[83,162,1826,1855]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Persea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="34" pageNumber="339" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Persea</taxonomicName>
|
||
gratissima), bananas, jambo (Eugeniajambos), starfruit (Averrhoa carambola), Seville oranges (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CF4D15FFF7FFE7FF5EF8BD6E51E705" box="[202,281,1862,1895]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Citrus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="34" pageNumber="339" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Citrus</taxonomicName>
|
||
aurantium), and coconut and hibiscus flowers. A study of their feeding behavior in a small forest near the village of Mariquita in the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="950BF874FFF7FFE7FC19F8966BD6E7EC" box="[909,1182,1901,1934]" country="Colombia" name="Tolima" pageId="34" pageNumber="339">Tolima Department</collectingRegion>
|
||
found diets offruits, flowers, bark, and leaves; overall, 82-84% of their feeding time was spent eating fruits, 8-25% eating invertebrates, and less than 8% eating bark and flowers.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1FD5651DFFF7FFE7FFD3F8186ED7E848" pageId="34" pageNumber="339" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="57703696FFF7FFE7FFD3F8186ED7E848" blockId="34.[69,1278,1078,3467]" pageId="34" pageNumber="339">
|
||
<emphasis id="65BBEA84FFF7FFE7FFD3F8186F85E866" box="[71,205,2019,2052]" pageId="34" pageNumber="339">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
One female White-footed Tamarin breeds in each group. Newborns have been seen in September.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1FD5651DFFF7FFE7FFD1F7CA6CA6E830" box="[69,1006,2097,2130]" pageId="34" pageNumber="339" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="57703696FFF7FFE7FFD1F7CA6CA6E830" blockId="34.[69,1278,1078,3467]" box="[69,1006,2097,2130]" pageId="34" pageNumber="339">
|
||
<emphasis id="65BBEA84FFF7FFE7FFD1F7CA6E78E830" box="[69,304,2097,2130]" pageId="34" pageNumber="339">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
There is no information available for this species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1FD5651DFFF7FFE7FFD3F7A66C2EEB5C" pageId="34" pageNumber="339" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="57703696FFF7FFE7FFD3F7A66C2EEB5C" blockId="34.[69,1278,1078,3467]" pageId="34" pageNumber="339">
|
||
<emphasis id="65BBEA84FFF7FFE7FFD3F7A66DB7E818" box="[71,767,2141,2170]" pageId="34" pageNumber="339">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
A study in the suburbs of Mariquita found four groups of eleven, seven, 10-12, and two individuals, occupying a 120-ha secondary forest patch. The group of eleven individuals occupied a home range of 17-7 ha in July-December. Two additional groups of five and six individuals lived in the back gardens of a housing estate. The group offive occupied a home range of only 0-7 ha. Daily movements for the forest group were 783-2387 m. The urban group traveled 224-612 m/day. Densisties of White-footed Tamarins in seven forest fragments of 21- 1246 ha were 37 ind/km? (21-ha forest) to 149 ind/km? (264-ha forest) and higher than 100 ind/km? in four of the forests. Density in the largest forest (1246 ha) was 54 ind/ km”. These densities were higher than have been recorded for any other tamarin species. Although these high densities may well be an artifact of packing—refugees from destruction in the surrounding forest—, it is evident that the White-footed Tamarin is able to tolerate them, perhaps related to the increased food availability from secondary succession or perhaps to density compensation (i.e. loss of other larger primate species from the forest patches, reducing competition for resources). Other factors might include time since the forest was isolated; numbers may stabilize at a lowerlevel following the initial influx as the forest was isolated, or may even gradually fall due to lack of dispersal and its genetic consequences in a small population. Another factor is the extent to which the population is hunted (for trade) at each site.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1FD5651DFFF7FFE7FFD2F4BF6BD1EC8C" pageId="34" pageNumber="339" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="57703696FFF7FFE7FFD2F4BF6BD1EC8C" blockId="34.[69,1278,1078,3467]" pageId="34" pageNumber="339">
|
||
<emphasis id="65BBEA84FFF7FFE7FFD2F4BF6EEFEB07" box="[70,423,2884,2917]" pageId="34" pageNumber="339">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
CITES Appendix I. Classified as Endangered on The IUCN Red List. Most of the distribution of the White-footed Tamarin has been largely deforested, and only a few scattered populations still survive. Nevertheless, it would seem that it is exceptionally hardy and adaptable, to the point where, in places that have been extensively logged,it is often the only primate to be seen. It also is able to thrive in forest patches in urban areas, benefitting from cultivated fruit trees. Concerns regarding the loss of forest and its exploitation for the pet trade have led to a conservation program and action initiated in 2006 by the Colombian non-governmental organization, Fundacion Biodiversa
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2FD87606FFF7FFE7FE7AF37C6D30ECC2" box="[494,632,3207,3232]" name="Colombia" pageId="34" pageNumber="339">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, encompassing education and environmental awareness, population surveys, ecological and behavioral research in the wild, and a captive breeding program in collaboration with the European Zoo Association.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1FD5651DFFF7FFE7FFD3F3076C82EDE9" pageId="34" pageNumber="339" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="57703696FFF7FFE7FFD3F3076C82EDE9" blockId="34.[69,1278,1078,3467]" pageId="34" pageNumber="339">
|
||
<emphasis id="65BBEA84FFF7FFE7FFD3F3076FA8ED77" box="[71,224,3324,3349]" pageId="34" pageNumber="339">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Bernstein et al. (1976), Cuartas-Calle (2001), Cuervo et al. (1986), Defler (2003b, 2004), Green (1978), Hernandez-Camacho & Cooper (1976), Hershkovitz (1949, 1977), Moore & Cheverud (1992), Morales-Jiménez (2008), Poveda (2000), Poveda & Sanchez (2004), Roncancio et al. (2011), Rueda & Ordonez (2009), Rylands (1993a), Skinner (1991), Snowdon & Soini (1988),
|
||
<collectingRegion id="950BF874FFF7FFE7FD53F2896C47EDE9" box="[711,783,3442,3467]" country="Venezuela" name="Vargas" pageId="34" pageNumber="339">Vargas</collectingRegion>
|
||
& Solano (1996).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |