378 lines
66 KiB
XML
378 lines
66 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="84763" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.98.83184" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4efa8c28-9182-4916-9a41-7a91d769d5c6" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1860-0743-2-233" ID-Pensoft-UUID="0F1D0E4082125DACB7D50B7767BFED31" ID-ZooBank="E8B38FE7A90443D28024EE0745E415C7" ModsDocID="1860-0743-98-2-233" checkinTime="1656548599917" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Liu, Yi, Song, Xiao-Yu, Sun, Zhong-Yin, Li, Wei-Xuan, Sluys, Ronald, Li, Shuang-Fei & Wang, An-Tai" docDate="2022" docId="DF41CBF7F84E5059965DB110F547A5F1" docLanguage="en" docName="ZoosystEvol 98(2): 233-243" docOrigin="Zoosystematics and Evolution 98 (2)" docPubDate="2022-06-29" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.98.83184" docTitle="Dugesia gemmulata Sun & Wang 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="4C439299-E70E-4421-98E9-6068C91A1423" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" id="0F1D0E4082125DACB7D50B7767BFED31" lastPageNumber="233" masterDocId="0F1D0E4082125DACB7D50B7767BFED31" masterDocTitle="Addition to the known diversity of Chinese freshwater planarians: integrative description of a new species of Dugesia Girard, 1850 (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Dugesiidae)" masterLastPageNumber="243" masterPageNumber="233" pageNumber="233" updateTime="1732855865782" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="D63D0533BE74BE579D6B0874136FF155">Addition to the known diversity of Chinese freshwater planarians: integrative description of a new species of Dugesia Girard, 1850 (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Dugesiidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7D332CE4B1D3626160BC6E768F68B47C">Liu, Yi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="F0EE4F57AC39FFBCBC0E787A6F76464B">Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="2C7E76533EB8059D3B3E66D589DEDDBC">Song, Xiao-Yu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3235CFC3EF3CB3EACCEF515A8C2461C0">Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China & School of Urban Planning and Design, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="99E0354440E4F29058AFFEBFC3B66A7C">Sun, Zhong-Yin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="1AA9AD1EA0C615A3933DC05ED26C7DE6">Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="E540B42965E0A99887CF7652216D967C">Li, Wei-Xuan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="1F7544F681D1F4D719A6B16A21ADC8D4" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8853-3589</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="E0D9606DB892AB71E26BEC3F66A2568D">State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Center for Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="EB387CA4DEE96BB8FA7F5A4B6F833604">Sluys, Ronald</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="C1FB9601CBF7C8BEABB0AA868770D863" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9776-3471</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="AEDE29F3393120A8611E6647D2802FFE">Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P. O. Box 9517, Leiden, 2300 RA, Netherlands</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="A6BFB2BD47756CCD33508E74005230DF">Li, Shuang-Fei</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0886101F8E73AE7C21F7165D02C0A3F5">Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="AF8E28F516BC6506EAED4CEFAECC003D" type="email">sfli@szu.edu.cn</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="728A05740A9DBAF3736A9F61D19B66D8">Wang, An-Tai</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C82E5B8E7901643A2DE860A4D968127E">Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="E894F2AC842DA866EBEE2A584DD9FDB2">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="A226AB162C9B05A354D57193DE88981C">Zoosystematics and Evolution</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="D45CFB1ECB68467116DC99F066320785">
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<mods:date id="9FFE3E44AE2D29508C72B097A135F05F">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="6D5A31BA59D2EF1A1754E744E76629D4">2022-06-29</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="759A11FD02C3E43ECAB8BCCB32D7702F">98</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="01CF891AE60921EDFA8C24504FE3F1DD" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="47C89C2E5D046CB01061A56933A9A314">2</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="42F98AF5810BF65D4D7F31A1282F502C">233</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="E496C3B7EFCF6A7D8F3A6B3E6C1227C3">243</mods:end>
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<mods:url id="B28C771797200A4521DD07D53B96A2BD">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.98.83184</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="F4DEA1863D518584BCE54A09A875D65C">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="10262687011392B2E2182E46293D9182" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.98.83184</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="C09F396273715045B3AF764113E5F7D5" type="Pensoft-Pub">1860-0743-2-233</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="891B3FBF3B784420B64A9B30DCFFB066" type="ZooBank">E8B38FE7A90443D28024EE0745E415C7</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="DF41CBF7F84E5059965DB110F547A5F1" ID-GBIF-Taxon="196370613" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4C439299-E70E-4421-98E9-6068C91A1423" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DF41CBF7F84E5059965DB110F547A5F1" lastPageNumber="233" pageId="0" pageNumber="233" scope_family="Dugesiidae" scope_order="Tricladida" scope_phylum="Platyhelminthes">
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<subSubSection id="E8D2211B9A71213A9E56F843561E24FD" pageId="0" pageNumber="233" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="1465B81E131D15DE0C8787C45721975D" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">
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<taxonomicName id="E59D62EF0C6721B59B34C4E40B656E2D" LSID="https://zoobank.org/4C439299-E70E-4421-98E9-6068C91A1423" authority="Sun & Wang" authorityName="Sun & Wang" authorityYear="2022" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dugesia gemmulata" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="233" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="gemmulata" status="sp. nov.">Dugesia gemmulata Sun & Wang</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="41D0DAE144C53DF8523BF25E8459DE2D" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C718B7F4D96D1D44EB079F064E1C03CA" pageId="0" pageNumber="233" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="061EE37934AB1BFD5A6EFAF9307DFD6C" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B46596326CC198AA5474276A32481D93" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">
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<materialsCitation id="5ADCE58F3AE0B990EF55C16E484303F9" collectingDate="2018-02-03" collectorName="Zhong-Yin Sun" country="China" latitude="26.563833" location="Qingzhen City" longLatPrecision="12" longitude="106.2275" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Guizhou" typeStatus="Holotype">
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<emphasis id="C11AD15398EE0D69677C655E8EAD66E1" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">
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<typeStatus id="D63FC61B18EEF9857C9BAB1073813223">Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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: IZCAS PLA-0101, a rural streamlet in
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<location id="D70A404B452D826969B7BA9905EC349A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DF41CBF7F84E5059965DB110F547A5F1:D70A404B452D826969B7BA9905EC349A" country="China" latitude="26.563833" longLatPrecision="12" longitude="106.2275" name="Qingzhen City" stateProvince="Guizhou">Qingzhen City</location>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="BB28E658AC7F122FAF555819667DF67B" country="China" name="Guizhou">Guizhou</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="8DC0A236AF24D0C766B0ECFE4391547F" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="82D11D8BC68D4CC07767290A4EB19EAF" degrees="26" direction="north" minutes="33.83" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="26.563833">26°33.83'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="E34195FEABE637CDCDEE129D1B49CD50" degrees="106" direction="east" minutes="13.65" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="106.2275">106°13.65'E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<collectingDate id="D5070B4713ECCA0A7BDA05A9C7929B91" value="2018-02-03">3 February 2018</collectingDate>
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, coll.
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<collectorName id="5D09D3D2D305AC002F8EC8429241259C">Zhong-Yin Sun</collectorName>
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, sagittal sections on 20 slides.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="97E42109E35888BFDD568D393165DD72" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">
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<emphasis id="F2853D02213E82620FC76E58B5B98861" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">
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<typeStatus id="DA56B89B143BBCE220DEF1748D0A531A">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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: IZCAS PLA-0102, ibid., sagittal sections on 30 slides; IZCAS PLA-0103, ibid., horizontal sections on 18 slides.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="81DA203233645A54721522ADCDAA5E40" pageId="0" pageNumber="233" type="habitat">
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<paragraph id="072FBEF63255D3D585FFBBEC8F1C0B6F" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">Habitat.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="39B0F6CAEFE2CF0C1B537E5B7E92F70C" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">
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Specimens were collected from a rural streamlet (
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<geoCoordinate id="C198DBA2A63739D24E76E48C484C0994" degrees="26" direction="north" minutes="33.83" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="26.563833">26°33.83'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="17971C9D7A0A7CE6466D57F2A12AA943" degrees="106" direction="east" minutes="13.65" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="106.2275">106°13.65'E</geoCoordinate>
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) at an altitude of about 1,400 m above sea level (a.s.l.) in Qingzhen City, Guizhou, China (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="DB593F70811CB91A917AE527FB48EFEB" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Locality and habitat of Dugesia gemmulata. A. Sampling locality in Qingzhen City, Guizhou, China; B, C. Habitat at sampling locality." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.98.83184.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/708045" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">1A</figureCitation>
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). The animals were collected from the underside of small pebbles in the riverbed (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="9E837F3D78CA0AB2010B46A835BF4CE0" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Locality and habitat of Dugesia gemmulata. A. Sampling locality in Qingzhen City, Guizhou, China; B, C. Habitat at sampling locality." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.98.83184.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/708045" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">1B, C</figureCitation>
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), which had a water depth of 20-50 cm. Water temperature was about 19.9 °C, while air temperature was about 21.8 °C.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="AE2546A6A4C04EE82BA0F0EB96F3AF1D" pageId="0" pageNumber="233" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="BDFE45A41D24DE0DE3254C59F868A3C6" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="629C0A7D25D392378C87227AA2F8E48B" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">
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<taxonomicName id="78EAB36E2F0E51601FA1D5E6D6739660" authorityName="Sun & Wang" authorityYear="2022" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dugesia gemmulata" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="233" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="gemmulata">
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<emphasis id="9FFC1035F9BE53CBC3C6711846BF7B24" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">Dugesia gemmulata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is characterised by the following characters: ventral part of the most posterior section of the bursal canal, just anteriorly to its point of communication with the common atrium, provided with a voluminous, ellipsoidal muscular swelling; sac- or egg-shaped seminal vesicle situated near the ventral body surface in anterior portion of the penis bulb; postero-dorsal wall of seminal vesicle communicates with a narrow duct that first runs almost vertically but then shows a postero-dorsally directed loop before connecting with a small diaphragm; ejaculatory duct opening terminally or subterminally; penis papilla asymmetrical, with dorsal lip provided with a bump; oviducts opening asymmetrically into female copulatory apparatus, with the left oviduct opening into the common atrium and the right oviduct opening into the vaginal section of the bursal canal.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7ED889CE21858E96BC16E011DB9B6A1A" pageId="0" pageNumber="233" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="BF00DB9963F1955DDCE4546364C6DEE0" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4C8F81E88433B9FF349F3DE92A178F42" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">
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The specific epithet is derived from the Latin
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<emphasis id="A81BFB5E018109B974D6B9ED17DEBEB8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">gemmula</emphasis>
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, small bud, and alludes to the muscular swelling on the ventral wall of the bursal canal.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D7CBA112401B87D943634335CBE0CF8B" pageId="0" pageNumber="233" type="description">
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<paragraph id="98F8D701EA12F5D6F5BE269584F2AA9B" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5A5A16C865337BD1975AAEE88F08FDFF" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">
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Body size of live, sexualised specimens ranged from 16.12 to 22.75 mm in length and 1.93 to 2.87 mm in width (
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<emphasis id="8E9789973BF2836FBD8BCBACCD30AF6D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">n</emphasis>
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= 3; Fig.
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<figureCitation id="5640C4A4787CBF00CE857792F825CBA2" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Dugesia gemmulata. A. Habitus of live, sexualised animal in dorsal view; B. Habitus of live, sexualised animal in ventral view; C. Anterior end, dorsal view; D. Anterior end, ventral view, showing ovaries." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.98.83184.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/708047" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">3A, B</figureCitation>
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), while asexual specimens ranged from 5.12 to 8.31 mm in length and 0.91 to 1.32 mm in width (
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<emphasis id="9775A1A3FA3BC760AC74AEAD858A7034" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">n</emphasis>
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= 3). Sexualised and asexual individuals exhibited no differences in appearance, except for the body size. The following measurements are based on sexualised individuals. At a distance varying between 0.46 mm and 0.56 mm from the anterior body margin, two eyes are present in the middle of the low-triangular head, situated in pigment-free patches (
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<emphasis id="58D71B02BF67F30828C75618F0F1A986" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">n</emphasis>
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= 3; Fig.
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<figureCitation id="9C6C89E9F58909423F2511464D3C02CE" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Dugesia gemmulata. A. Habitus of live, sexualised animal in dorsal view; B. Habitus of live, sexualised animal in ventral view; C. Anterior end, dorsal view; D. Anterior end, ventral view, showing ovaries." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.98.83184.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/708047" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">3C</figureCitation>
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). Each kidney-shaped eyecup contains numerous retinal cells. Unpigmented auricular grooves are marginally placed just posteriorly to the blunt auricles (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="06A6A24665023C6CDAABA34799FD925E" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Dugesia gemmulata. A. Habitus of live, sexualised animal in dorsal view; B. Habitus of live, sexualised animal in ventral view; C. Anterior end, dorsal view; D. Anterior end, ventral view, showing ovaries." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.98.83184.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/708047" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">3C</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="04E4A1C69609DD31E526094E2C75A499" doi="10.3897/zse.98.83184.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/708047" pageId="0" pageNumber="233" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
|
|
<paragraph id="54BB0F6374F066C6D36524BD55E8A0A6" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">
|
|
<emphasis id="9A4E95635C524BDB9C2DA9C06A463472" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="9333C8CCCD0778950A345D9840680DF1" authorityName="Sun & Wang" authorityYear="2022" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dugesia gemmulata" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="233" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="gemmulata">
|
|
<emphasis id="95BC9559F0BBF8C69744CA2218F9B5FF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">Dugesia gemmulata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis id="FCD97E60E5C55551CCED5B48E49F927E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">A.</emphasis>
|
|
Habitus of live, sexualised animal in dorsal view;
|
|
<emphasis id="68FFD0D3474859B2D7F3AAB649A392D5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">B.</emphasis>
|
|
Habitus of live, sexualised animal in ventral view;
|
|
<emphasis id="101574F77C9D1CEAF3A018226B0C67A9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">C.</emphasis>
|
|
Anterior end, dorsal view;
|
|
<emphasis id="10A6C45AA1405CBF7D0513B54C19B0DD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">D.</emphasis>
|
|
Anterior end, ventral view, showing ovaries.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph id="1B388380B0A7253C815737D3D36059FB" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">
|
|
Dorsal body surface with a brown ground colour, overlain with scattered black pigmentation and provided with a thin, pale median line that runs from anterior to the eyes to the tail end (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="F87813990F0040EB224C5315B4A37B7B" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Dugesia gemmulata. A. Habitus of live, sexualised animal in dorsal view; B. Habitus of live, sexualised animal in ventral view; C. Anterior end, dorsal view; D. Anterior end, ventral view, showing ovaries." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.98.83184.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/708047" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">3A-C</figureCitation>
|
|
); ventral surface much paler than dorsal surface (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="C53D361049B46D6CBF59B3DC9A064D44" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Dugesia gemmulata. A. Habitus of live, sexualised animal in dorsal view; B. Habitus of live, sexualised animal in ventral view; C. Anterior end, dorsal view; D. Anterior end, ventral view, showing ovaries." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.98.83184.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/708047" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">3D</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="D5346409B6693B47D73295A287486C65" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">
|
|
The cylindrical pharynx lies more or less in the middle of the body and measures about 1/7 of the total body length, i.e., about 2.07-2.77 mm in length and 0.16-0.32 mm in width (
|
|
<emphasis id="BC3D3A05D8ACC7F5D834B272869C4230" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">n</emphasis>
|
|
= 3; Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="35C27E2D9F9F918581AA251B2C252F2B" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Dugesia gemmulata. A. Habitus of live, sexualised animal in dorsal view; B. Habitus of live, sexualised animal in ventral view; C. Anterior end, dorsal view; D. Anterior end, ventral view, showing ovaries." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.98.83184.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/708047" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">3A</figureCitation>
|
|
). The entire pharynx is covered with a nucleated epithelium (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="8095D6109E387B690B16FB14625B3887" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Dugesia gemmulata, holotype PLA- 0101, sagittal sections and reconstructions of the copulatory apparatus. A. Photomicrograph showing ovaries and the opening of the oviduct; B. Photomicrograph showing musculature of the pharynx; C. Photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, seminal vesicle, interconnecting duct, penis glands, ejaculatory duct, penis papilla, male atrium and cement glands; D. Photomicrograph showing bursal canal and muscular swelling; E. Reconstruction male copulatory apparatus; F. Reconstruction female copulatory apparatus." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.98.83184.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/708048" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">4B</figureCitation>
|
|
). The outer epithelium of the pharynx is underlain by 1-3 subepithelial layers of circular muscles, followed by a thin layer of longitudinal muscle fibres (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="4D1956CB59FBBC3701DF0F1E3EBA5B15" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Dugesia gemmulata, holotype PLA- 0101, sagittal sections and reconstructions of the copulatory apparatus. A. Photomicrograph showing ovaries and the opening of the oviduct; B. Photomicrograph showing musculature of the pharynx; C. Photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, seminal vesicle, interconnecting duct, penis glands, ejaculatory duct, penis papilla, male atrium and cement glands; D. Photomicrograph showing bursal canal and muscular swelling; E. Reconstruction male copulatory apparatus; F. Reconstruction female copulatory apparatus." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.98.83184.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/708048" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">4B</figureCitation>
|
|
). The inner pharynx epithelium, which is densely ciliated, is underlain by a thin subepithelial layer of longitudinal muscle fibres, followed by 3-5 layers of circular muscles (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="8AC5B8E2AD3ED478B11F0810539052E4" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Dugesia gemmulata, holotype PLA- 0101, sagittal sections and reconstructions of the copulatory apparatus. A. Photomicrograph showing ovaries and the opening of the oviduct; B. Photomicrograph showing musculature of the pharynx; C. Photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, seminal vesicle, interconnecting duct, penis glands, ejaculatory duct, penis papilla, male atrium and cement glands; D. Photomicrograph showing bursal canal and muscular swelling; E. Reconstruction male copulatory apparatus; F. Reconstruction female copulatory apparatus." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.98.83184.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/708048" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">4B</figureCitation>
|
|
). The mouth opening is located at a distance of about 1/3-1/2 of the body length, as measured from the posterior body margin; the mouth is situated at the posterior end of the pharyngeal cavity (
|
|
<emphasis id="39511F4E0351DED7F266A17910CF9B00" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">n</emphasis>
|
|
= 3; Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="E1000F7EE632823679ACB5E04B29A4FB" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Dugesia gemmulata. A. Habitus of live, sexualised animal in dorsal view; B. Habitus of live, sexualised animal in ventral view; C. Anterior end, dorsal view; D. Anterior end, ventral view, showing ovaries." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.98.83184.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/708047" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">3B</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="716E1431A83CD5A68288D1743159555C" doi="10.3897/zse.98.83184.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/708048" pageId="0" pageNumber="233" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
|
|
<paragraph id="7CF36E4CEE8C8E9009D9DCE1EDEDCC42" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">
|
|
<emphasis id="9F72D12C669920D162EE3F0A6C68DD95" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="29E257F24AB1FA9A2FFA8523590176FD" authorityName="Sun & Wang" authorityYear="2022" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dugesia gemmulata" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="233" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="gemmulata">
|
|
<emphasis id="C627872C552F3D90311E065EBE4AFBBF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">Dugesia gemmulata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, holotype PLA-0101, sagittal sections and reconstructions of the copulatory apparatus.
|
|
<emphasis id="84415537081C2F7440FD3FE02DC9247A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">A.</emphasis>
|
|
Photomicrograph showing ovaries and the opening of the oviduct;
|
|
<emphasis id="FC9084117C204FF8F2D090FA27717744" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">B.</emphasis>
|
|
Photomicrograph showing musculature of the pharynx;
|
|
<emphasis id="AD1066770E6F85D1A72966BADC089FD0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">C.</emphasis>
|
|
Photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, seminal vesicle, interconnecting duct, penis glands, ejaculatory duct, penis papilla, male atrium and cement glands;
|
|
<emphasis id="302A82AA523DEC0F1787CE603399262E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">D.</emphasis>
|
|
Photomicrograph showing bursal canal and muscular swelling;
|
|
<emphasis id="C4E2370B1C1D36ED85DBF7037E607750" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">E.</emphasis>
|
|
Reconstruction male copulatory apparatus;
|
|
<emphasis id="F13CD6391FC2C4B63549BEBE63CCCC35" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">F.</emphasis>
|
|
Reconstruction female copulatory apparatus.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph id="6EA08D059CE59ADAE19CCC2564407ACF" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">
|
|
Testes could not be discerned. The large, elongated penis bulb consists of intermingled longitudinal and circular muscle fibres. The vasa deferentia open asymmetrically into the seminal vesicle, with the right vas deferens opening into the mid-anterior portion of the seminal vesicle in specimen PLA-0101 and into the mid-dorsal portion in specimen PLA-0102, while the left vas deferens opens into the postero-dorsal part of the seminal vesicle in specimen PLA-0101 and into the postero-ventral part in specimen PLA-0102 (Figs
|
|
<figureCitation id="387FA5B6B5B5E373085D3DAD937DF839" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Dugesia gemmulata, holotype PLA- 0101, sagittal sections and reconstructions of the copulatory apparatus. A. Photomicrograph showing ovaries and the opening of the oviduct; B. Photomicrograph showing musculature of the pharynx; C. Photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, seminal vesicle, interconnecting duct, penis glands, ejaculatory duct, penis papilla, male atrium and cement glands; D. Photomicrograph showing bursal canal and muscular swelling; E. Reconstruction male copulatory apparatus; F. Reconstruction female copulatory apparatus." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.98.83184.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/708048" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">4E</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation id="94BDEA673A6BF7E689ADCADD36F28FD2" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Dugesia gemmulata, paratype PLA- 0102, sagittal sections and reconstructions of the copulatory apparatus. A. Photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, seminal vesicle, diaphragm, penis glands, penis papilla, male atrium, common atrium, shell glands, cement glands and gonopore; B. Photomicrograph showing bursal canal and muscular swelling; C. Reconstruction male copulatory apparatus; D. Reconstruction female copulatory apparatus." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.98.83184.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/708049" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">5C</figureCitation>
|
|
). The sac- or egg-shaped seminal vesicle is situated near the ventral surface in the anterior portion of the penis bulb; it is lined with a nucleated epithelium and surrounded by 1-2 layers of longitudinal muscles (Figs
|
|
<figureCitation id="94BF9E71CED64561025B0D69606ED73F" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Dugesia gemmulata, holotype PLA- 0101, sagittal sections and reconstructions of the copulatory apparatus. A. Photomicrograph showing ovaries and the opening of the oviduct; B. Photomicrograph showing musculature of the pharynx; C. Photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, seminal vesicle, interconnecting duct, penis glands, ejaculatory duct, penis papilla, male atrium and cement glands; D. Photomicrograph showing bursal canal and muscular swelling; E. Reconstruction male copulatory apparatus; F. Reconstruction female copulatory apparatus." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.98.83184.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/708048" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">4C, E</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation id="DD11C53D4FFC604543D58AA972E6337C" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Dugesia gemmulata, paratype PLA- 0102, sagittal sections and reconstructions of the copulatory apparatus. A. Photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, seminal vesicle, diaphragm, penis glands, penis papilla, male atrium, common atrium, shell glands, cement glands and gonopore; B. Photomicrograph showing bursal canal and muscular swelling; C. Reconstruction male copulatory apparatus; D. Reconstruction female copulatory apparatus." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.98.83184.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/708049" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">5A, C</figureCitation>
|
|
). From the postero-dorsal wall of the seminal vesicle arises a narrow duct, lined with a glandular, nucleated epithelium and surrounded by 1-3 layers of circular muscle fibres, which first runs almost vertically but then shows a postero-dorsally directed loop before connecting with a small diaphragm (Figs
|
|
<figureCitation id="78F632DD49306BE379DF0000BC5B577A" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Dugesia gemmulata, holotype PLA- 0101, sagittal sections and reconstructions of the copulatory apparatus. A. Photomicrograph showing ovaries and the opening of the oviduct; B. Photomicrograph showing musculature of the pharynx; C. Photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, seminal vesicle, interconnecting duct, penis glands, ejaculatory duct, penis papilla, male atrium and cement glands; D. Photomicrograph showing bursal canal and muscular swelling; E. Reconstruction male copulatory apparatus; F. Reconstruction female copulatory apparatus." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.98.83184.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/708048" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">4C, E</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation id="1E76315719299400E13A6712F50280F0" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Dugesia gemmulata, paratype PLA- 0102, sagittal sections and reconstructions of the copulatory apparatus. A. Photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, seminal vesicle, diaphragm, penis glands, penis papilla, male atrium, common atrium, shell glands, cement glands and gonopore; B. Photomicrograph showing bursal canal and muscular swelling; C. Reconstruction male copulatory apparatus; D. Reconstruction female copulatory apparatus." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.98.83184.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/708049" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">5A, C</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="AD16ACA7F831802B611BB9D7C90EE542" doi="10.3897/zse.98.83184.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/708049" pageId="0" pageNumber="233" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
|
|
<paragraph id="8E9F5B7B2101B6126DB120FA813C5C57" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">
|
|
<emphasis id="813BAAE829E63BF8A05FC051D5144C8A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="F80FC615C370248611517FDA6A5F8325" authorityName="Sun & Wang" authorityYear="2022" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dugesia gemmulata" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="233" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="gemmulata">
|
|
<emphasis id="9267FF417142345E86863F02A630E9EA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">Dugesia gemmulata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, paratype PLA-0102, sagittal sections and reconstructions of the copulatory apparatus.
|
|
<emphasis id="BB6B4EDDE942E47BB03681E306B16C46" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">A.</emphasis>
|
|
Photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, seminal vesicle, diaphragm, penis glands, penis papilla, male atrium, common atrium, shell glands, cement glands and gonopore;
|
|
<emphasis id="0003A53E24EE6B2DA84B293713F9593A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">B.</emphasis>
|
|
Photomicrograph showing bursal canal and muscular swelling;
|
|
<emphasis id="DC6CD5C4571E791B3E63464C7ABFD809" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">C.</emphasis>
|
|
Reconstruction male copulatory apparatus;
|
|
<emphasis id="FCD8D680032C523F7F30DE0163494C8F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">D.</emphasis>
|
|
Reconstruction female copulatory apparatus.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph id="C0A9213E752D3DFBA600C7E6E4CA02BD" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">
|
|
The very small diaphragm is lined by a nucleated epithelium, which is underlain by 1-2 layers of circular muscle and is pierced by the openings of erythrophil penial glands (Figs
|
|
<figureCitation id="5C31EB733701C53B465D046D42E65543" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Dugesia gemmulata, holotype PLA- 0101, sagittal sections and reconstructions of the copulatory apparatus. A. Photomicrograph showing ovaries and the opening of the oviduct; B. Photomicrograph showing musculature of the pharynx; C. Photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, seminal vesicle, interconnecting duct, penis glands, ejaculatory duct, penis papilla, male atrium and cement glands; D. Photomicrograph showing bursal canal and muscular swelling; E. Reconstruction male copulatory apparatus; F. Reconstruction female copulatory apparatus." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.98.83184.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/708048" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">4C, E</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation id="BBBEA19C511852A1182A0B7FBAF22A78" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Dugesia gemmulata, paratype PLA- 0102, sagittal sections and reconstructions of the copulatory apparatus. A. Photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, seminal vesicle, diaphragm, penis glands, penis papilla, male atrium, common atrium, shell glands, cement glands and gonopore; B. Photomicrograph showing bursal canal and muscular swelling; C. Reconstruction male copulatory apparatus; D. Reconstruction female copulatory apparatus." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.98.83184.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/708049" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">5A, C</figureCitation>
|
|
). The diaphragm leads to a broad ejaculatory duct, which is lined by an infranucleated epithelium that is underlain with 1-3 layers of circular muscle fibres (Figs
|
|
<figureCitation id="A122C69AFA4C9E1EEA297A2F1FE833E7" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Dugesia gemmulata, holotype PLA- 0101, sagittal sections and reconstructions of the copulatory apparatus. A. Photomicrograph showing ovaries and the opening of the oviduct; B. Photomicrograph showing musculature of the pharynx; C. Photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, seminal vesicle, interconnecting duct, penis glands, ejaculatory duct, penis papilla, male atrium and cement glands; D. Photomicrograph showing bursal canal and muscular swelling; E. Reconstruction male copulatory apparatus; F. Reconstruction female copulatory apparatus." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.98.83184.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/708048" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">4C, E</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation id="945E25D1AB5F657E1212F859A94BB930" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Dugesia gemmulata, paratype PLA- 0102, sagittal sections and reconstructions of the copulatory apparatus. A. Photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, seminal vesicle, diaphragm, penis glands, penis papilla, male atrium, common atrium, shell glands, cement glands and gonopore; B. Photomicrograph showing bursal canal and muscular swelling; C. Reconstruction male copulatory apparatus; D. Reconstruction female copulatory apparatus." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.98.83184.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/708049" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">5A, C</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="07219CF7C400D3BEACA3A964E6705B34" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">
|
|
The ejaculatory duct runs more or less centrally through the penis papilla and opens subterminally through the ventral wall of the penis papilla in specimens PLA-0101 and PLA-0103, while in specimen PLA-0102 the ejaculatory duct runs a ventrally displaced course and opens at the tip of the papilla (Figs
|
|
<figureCitation id="7A3AA0F31068A140235DFD75BCEB28C5" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Dugesia gemmulata, holotype PLA- 0101, sagittal sections and reconstructions of the copulatory apparatus. A. Photomicrograph showing ovaries and the opening of the oviduct; B. Photomicrograph showing musculature of the pharynx; C. Photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, seminal vesicle, interconnecting duct, penis glands, ejaculatory duct, penis papilla, male atrium and cement glands; D. Photomicrograph showing bursal canal and muscular swelling; E. Reconstruction male copulatory apparatus; F. Reconstruction female copulatory apparatus." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.98.83184.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/708048" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">4C, E</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation id="8B30073887FA6725B8C942BBB61B9236" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Dugesia gemmulata, paratype PLA- 0102, sagittal sections and reconstructions of the copulatory apparatus. A. Photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, seminal vesicle, diaphragm, penis glands, penis papilla, male atrium, common atrium, shell glands, cement glands and gonopore; B. Photomicrograph showing bursal canal and muscular swelling; C. Reconstruction male copulatory apparatus; D. Reconstruction female copulatory apparatus." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.98.83184.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/708049" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">5A, C</figureCitation>
|
|
). The penis papilla is asymmetrical, in that its dorsal lip is larger than the ventral one, while the former carries a bump (Figs
|
|
<figureCitation id="8FA58B5E8E61D86F4F7CE8C8A5064599" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Dugesia gemmulata, holotype PLA- 0101, sagittal sections and reconstructions of the copulatory apparatus. A. Photomicrograph showing ovaries and the opening of the oviduct; B. Photomicrograph showing musculature of the pharynx; C. Photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, seminal vesicle, interconnecting duct, penis glands, ejaculatory duct, penis papilla, male atrium and cement glands; D. Photomicrograph showing bursal canal and muscular swelling; E. Reconstruction male copulatory apparatus; F. Reconstruction female copulatory apparatus." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.98.83184.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/708048" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">4C, E</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation id="CB34FF0FDA2F93AB3B3D01F4DB0BC183" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Dugesia gemmulata, paratype PLA- 0102, sagittal sections and reconstructions of the copulatory apparatus. A. Photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, seminal vesicle, diaphragm, penis glands, penis papilla, male atrium, common atrium, shell glands, cement glands and gonopore; B. Photomicrograph showing bursal canal and muscular swelling; C. Reconstruction male copulatory apparatus; D. Reconstruction female copulatory apparatus." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.98.83184.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/708049" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">5A, C</figureCitation>
|
|
). The papilla is covered by a thin, nucleated epithelium, which is underlain by a layer of longitudinal muscles, followed by 2-3 layers of circular muscles, the latter being thicker at the base of penis papilla (Figs
|
|
<figureCitation id="5BE71074E4F00847AEF53154B71E78A0" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Dugesia gemmulata, holotype PLA- 0101, sagittal sections and reconstructions of the copulatory apparatus. A. Photomicrograph showing ovaries and the opening of the oviduct; B. Photomicrograph showing musculature of the pharynx; C. Photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, seminal vesicle, interconnecting duct, penis glands, ejaculatory duct, penis papilla, male atrium and cement glands; D. Photomicrograph showing bursal canal and muscular swelling; E. Reconstruction male copulatory apparatus; F. Reconstruction female copulatory apparatus." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.98.83184.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/708048" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">4C, E</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation id="B08519AA72297AD44562DDCB5882B471" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Dugesia gemmulata, paratype PLA- 0102, sagittal sections and reconstructions of the copulatory apparatus. A. Photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, seminal vesicle, diaphragm, penis glands, penis papilla, male atrium, common atrium, shell glands, cement glands and gonopore; B. Photomicrograph showing bursal canal and muscular swelling; C. Reconstruction male copulatory apparatus; D. Reconstruction female copulatory apparatus." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.98.83184.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/708049" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">5A, C</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="BB447A0D4BC38BD9359D3520A34C01FD" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">
|
|
The ovaries are hyperplasic, with several scattered masses distributed in the body region directly posterior to the brain, filling up the entire dorso-ventral space (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="1AAF904ACBDAC4F4FFF944459212D754" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Dugesia gemmulata, holotype PLA- 0101, sagittal sections and reconstructions of the copulatory apparatus. A. Photomicrograph showing ovaries and the opening of the oviduct; B. Photomicrograph showing musculature of the pharynx; C. Photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, seminal vesicle, interconnecting duct, penis glands, ejaculatory duct, penis papilla, male atrium and cement glands; D. Photomicrograph showing bursal canal and muscular swelling; E. Reconstruction male copulatory apparatus; F. Reconstruction female copulatory apparatus." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.98.83184.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/708048" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">4A</figureCitation>
|
|
). The left oviduct arises from the mid-lateral section of the ovary, while the right duct arises from a more antero-lateral section of the ovary (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="21BC8A842CE79870C2CE2C1905974D1F" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Dugesia gemmulata, holotype PLA- 0101, sagittal sections and reconstructions of the copulatory apparatus. A. Photomicrograph showing ovaries and the opening of the oviduct; B. Photomicrograph showing musculature of the pharynx; C. Photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, seminal vesicle, interconnecting duct, penis glands, ejaculatory duct, penis papilla, male atrium and cement glands; D. Photomicrograph showing bursal canal and muscular swelling; E. Reconstruction male copulatory apparatus; F. Reconstruction female copulatory apparatus." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.98.83184.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/708048" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">4A</figureCitation>
|
|
). From the ovaries, the oviducts, which are lined with an infranucleated epithelium, run backwards and continue their course on either side of the pharyngeal pocket (Figs
|
|
<figureCitation id="FF6BE80AE2C3EF93F22A4462E05F3BB8" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Dugesia gemmulata, holotype PLA- 0101, sagittal sections and reconstructions of the copulatory apparatus. A. Photomicrograph showing ovaries and the opening of the oviduct; B. Photomicrograph showing musculature of the pharynx; C. Photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, seminal vesicle, interconnecting duct, penis glands, ejaculatory duct, penis papilla, male atrium and cement glands; D. Photomicrograph showing bursal canal and muscular swelling; E. Reconstruction male copulatory apparatus; F. Reconstruction female copulatory apparatus." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.98.83184.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/708048" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">4F</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation id="4575B6666FFBDC39E089D0D24165C761" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Dugesia gemmulata, paratype PLA- 0102, sagittal sections and reconstructions of the copulatory apparatus. A. Photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, seminal vesicle, diaphragm, penis glands, penis papilla, male atrium, common atrium, shell glands, cement glands and gonopore; B. Photomicrograph showing bursal canal and muscular swelling; C. Reconstruction male copulatory apparatus; D. Reconstruction female copulatory apparatus." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.98.83184.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/708049" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">5D</figureCitation>
|
|
). Immediately posterior to the gonopore, the oviducts turn medially to open asymmetrically into the female copulatory apparatus, with the left oviduct opening into the common atrium and the right oviduct opening more dorsally into the vaginal section of the bursal canal (Figs
|
|
<figureCitation id="B4C649BD446E42996201C6321E7B6BAC" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Dugesia gemmulata, holotype PLA- 0101, sagittal sections and reconstructions of the copulatory apparatus. A. Photomicrograph showing ovaries and the opening of the oviduct; B. Photomicrograph showing musculature of the pharynx; C. Photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, seminal vesicle, interconnecting duct, penis glands, ejaculatory duct, penis papilla, male atrium and cement glands; D. Photomicrograph showing bursal canal and muscular swelling; E. Reconstruction male copulatory apparatus; F. Reconstruction female copulatory apparatus." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.98.83184.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/708048" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">4E</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation id="85E66ECC33355830D68F003053FAE22F" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Dugesia gemmulata, paratype PLA- 0102, sagittal sections and reconstructions of the copulatory apparatus. A. Photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, seminal vesicle, diaphragm, penis glands, penis papilla, male atrium, common atrium, shell glands, cement glands and gonopore; B. Photomicrograph showing bursal canal and muscular swelling; C. Reconstruction male copulatory apparatus; D. Reconstruction female copulatory apparatus." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.98.83184.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/708049" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">5C</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="5A81DAFBF73FA53D1366324C7CCED503" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">
|
|
The large, irregularly egg-shaped copulatory bursa is situated immediately anterior to the penis bulb and is surrounded by a thin layer of intermingled longitudinal and circular muscle fibres (Figs
|
|
<figureCitation id="A4ACED520F39CE4EF673D0F18B0D29B5" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Dugesia gemmulata, holotype PLA- 0101, sagittal sections and reconstructions of the copulatory apparatus. A. Photomicrograph showing ovaries and the opening of the oviduct; B. Photomicrograph showing musculature of the pharynx; C. Photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, seminal vesicle, interconnecting duct, penis glands, ejaculatory duct, penis papilla, male atrium and cement glands; D. Photomicrograph showing bursal canal and muscular swelling; E. Reconstruction male copulatory apparatus; F. Reconstruction female copulatory apparatus." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.98.83184.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/708048" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">4C-F</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation id="97A3A949F293CBB8EA8029AE2697D5A5" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Dugesia gemmulata, paratype PLA- 0102, sagittal sections and reconstructions of the copulatory apparatus. A. Photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, seminal vesicle, diaphragm, penis glands, penis papilla, male atrium, common atrium, shell glands, cement glands and gonopore; B. Photomicrograph showing bursal canal and muscular swelling; C. Reconstruction male copulatory apparatus; D. Reconstruction female copulatory apparatus." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.98.83184.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/708049" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">5</figureCitation>
|
|
). The bursal canal arises from the posterior surface of the copulatory bursa and runs caudally to the left of the copulatory apparatus, subsequently communicating with the dorsal portion of the common atrium (Figs
|
|
<figureCitation id="A51632B842C95D044596E41D4C769905" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Dugesia gemmulata, holotype PLA- 0101, sagittal sections and reconstructions of the copulatory apparatus. A. Photomicrograph showing ovaries and the opening of the oviduct; B. Photomicrograph showing musculature of the pharynx; C. Photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, seminal vesicle, interconnecting duct, penis glands, ejaculatory duct, penis papilla, male atrium and cement glands; D. Photomicrograph showing bursal canal and muscular swelling; E. Reconstruction male copulatory apparatus; F. Reconstruction female copulatory apparatus." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.98.83184.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/708048" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">4E, F</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation id="2141F86D253C76B836932EF98700B1DA" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Dugesia gemmulata, paratype PLA- 0102, sagittal sections and reconstructions of the copulatory apparatus. A. Photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, seminal vesicle, diaphragm, penis glands, penis papilla, male atrium, common atrium, shell glands, cement glands and gonopore; B. Photomicrograph showing bursal canal and muscular swelling; C. Reconstruction male copulatory apparatus; D. Reconstruction female copulatory apparatus." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.98.83184.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/708049" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">5C, D</figureCitation>
|
|
). The bursal canal is lined by a nucleated, glandular epithelium, which is underlain by a subepithelial layer of longitudinal muscle fibres, followed by 2-5 layers of circular fibres. The coat of circular fibres on the ventral side of the bursal canal varies from 3-5 layers, while that on the dorsal side is thinner, being 2-3 layers thick. Furthermore, the ventral part of the most posterior section of the bursal canal, just anteriorly to its point of communication with the common atrium, carries a voluminous, ellipsoidal muscular swelling that measures about 348-481
|
|
<normalizedToken id="BB665EE199AD5E679F1436E7D2A556F6" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
|
in anterior-posterior direction (
|
|
<emphasis id="E7682921634420EDEA1DEF585BE994CD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">n</emphasis>
|
|
= 3; Figs
|
|
<figureCitation id="BF7504DD4747BDA1AA4F621E3AC7FD9F" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Dugesia gemmulata, holotype PLA- 0101, sagittal sections and reconstructions of the copulatory apparatus. A. Photomicrograph showing ovaries and the opening of the oviduct; B. Photomicrograph showing musculature of the pharynx; C. Photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, seminal vesicle, interconnecting duct, penis glands, ejaculatory duct, penis papilla, male atrium and cement glands; D. Photomicrograph showing bursal canal and muscular swelling; E. Reconstruction male copulatory apparatus; F. Reconstruction female copulatory apparatus." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.98.83184.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/708048" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">4D, F</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation id="D4CB1AFB6EF9F5CCFFDEC21B4BC6358D" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Dugesia gemmulata, paratype PLA- 0102, sagittal sections and reconstructions of the copulatory apparatus. A. Photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, seminal vesicle, diaphragm, penis glands, penis papilla, male atrium, common atrium, shell glands, cement glands and gonopore; B. Photomicrograph showing bursal canal and muscular swelling; C. Reconstruction male copulatory apparatus; D. Reconstruction female copulatory apparatus." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.98.83184.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/708049" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">5B, D</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation id="C58E8B5DF41C9C844691AF61FB774201" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Dugesia gemmulata, paratype PLA- 0103, horizontal sections. A, B. Photomicrographs showing the muscular swelling." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.98.83184.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/708050" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">6</figureCitation>
|
|
). The swelling consists of irregular, nucleated mesenchymal cells and is surrounded by a coat of intermingled muscles; there are also muscle fibres traversing the swelling in all directions in a more loosely arranged, irregular and reticulated way (Figs
|
|
<figureCitation id="B0F8EF885E54AFCFBA3A46CB0605CA50" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Dugesia gemmulata, holotype PLA- 0101, sagittal sections and reconstructions of the copulatory apparatus. A. Photomicrograph showing ovaries and the opening of the oviduct; B. Photomicrograph showing musculature of the pharynx; C. Photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, seminal vesicle, interconnecting duct, penis glands, ejaculatory duct, penis papilla, male atrium and cement glands; D. Photomicrograph showing bursal canal and muscular swelling; E. Reconstruction male copulatory apparatus; F. Reconstruction female copulatory apparatus." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.98.83184.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/708048" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">4D, F</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation id="3273A6B5C9F43EE8BC9D12C6113BE772" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Dugesia gemmulata, paratype PLA- 0102, sagittal sections and reconstructions of the copulatory apparatus. A. Photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, seminal vesicle, diaphragm, penis glands, penis papilla, male atrium, common atrium, shell glands, cement glands and gonopore; B. Photomicrograph showing bursal canal and muscular swelling; C. Reconstruction male copulatory apparatus; D. Reconstruction female copulatory apparatus." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.98.83184.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/708049" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">5B, D</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation id="6696DE0C90D76613F7EE40BE9A27BCE5" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Dugesia gemmulata, paratype PLA- 0103, horizontal sections. A, B. Photomicrographs showing the muscular swelling." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.98.83184.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/708050" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">6</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="634788A3B2ECA76AADDDC819BD4C40A9" doi="10.3897/zse.98.83184.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/708050" pageId="0" pageNumber="233" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
|
|
<paragraph id="EE3AD4978B9CC04D0CCAD0E5183EAE2E" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">
|
|
<emphasis id="D9EE329F81915B77669DC62026A73D9D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">Figure 6.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A693447B976F417D8F602D36A02193BA" authorityName="Sun & Wang" authorityYear="2022" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dugesia gemmulata" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="233" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="gemmulata">
|
|
<emphasis id="D86DAFAFF98BB26ACDC1C498A95274C5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">Dugesia gemmulata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, paratype PLA-0103, horizontal sections.
|
|
<emphasis id="F1ED357159B1FDB436AEEAD6D77783F6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">A, B.</emphasis>
|
|
Photomicrographs showing the muscular swelling.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph id="1AEBBDBCFFD92AD1CC56472F42ED8151" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">
|
|
The male atrium is lined by an epithelium consisting of nucleated, cylindrical cells and is surrounded by a subepithelial layer of circular muscles, followed by 1-2 layers of longitudinal muscles. The male atrium communicates with the common atrium via a pronounced constriction (Figs
|
|
<figureCitation id="F88FE883564C0423DB57077E744BB214" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Dugesia gemmulata, holotype PLA- 0101, sagittal sections and reconstructions of the copulatory apparatus. A. Photomicrograph showing ovaries and the opening of the oviduct; B. Photomicrograph showing musculature of the pharynx; C. Photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, seminal vesicle, interconnecting duct, penis glands, ejaculatory duct, penis papilla, male atrium and cement glands; D. Photomicrograph showing bursal canal and muscular swelling; E. Reconstruction male copulatory apparatus; F. Reconstruction female copulatory apparatus." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.98.83184.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/708048" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">4C-E</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation id="8C3DB64032B6502771771E526936647F" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Dugesia gemmulata, paratype PLA- 0102, sagittal sections and reconstructions of the copulatory apparatus. A. Photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, seminal vesicle, diaphragm, penis glands, penis papilla, male atrium, common atrium, shell glands, cement glands and gonopore; B. Photomicrograph showing bursal canal and muscular swelling; C. Reconstruction male copulatory apparatus; D. Reconstruction female copulatory apparatus." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.98.83184.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/708049" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">5A, C, D</figureCitation>
|
|
). The common atrium is lined with an infranucleated epithelium, which is underlain by 1-2 layers of circular muscle, followed by a layer of longitudinal muscle. The common atrium opens ventrally through the gonopore, which is located at 1/3-1/4 of the body length (
|
|
<emphasis id="4EABE42C5DB0F77BA255FCE63737B3C4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">n</emphasis>
|
|
= 3), as determined from the posterior body margin (Figs
|
|
<figureCitation id="62256123F74858E551B710BEAAA3B4AA" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Dugesia gemmulata, holotype PLA- 0101, sagittal sections and reconstructions of the copulatory apparatus. A. Photomicrograph showing ovaries and the opening of the oviduct; B. Photomicrograph showing musculature of the pharynx; C. Photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, seminal vesicle, interconnecting duct, penis glands, ejaculatory duct, penis papilla, male atrium and cement glands; D. Photomicrograph showing bursal canal and muscular swelling; E. Reconstruction male copulatory apparatus; F. Reconstruction female copulatory apparatus." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.98.83184.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/708048" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">4E, F</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation id="4682C89E7839962982E81199D282C65A" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Dugesia gemmulata, paratype PLA- 0102, sagittal sections and reconstructions of the copulatory apparatus. A. Photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, seminal vesicle, diaphragm, penis glands, penis papilla, male atrium, common atrium, shell glands, cement glands and gonopore; B. Photomicrograph showing bursal canal and muscular swelling; C. Reconstruction male copulatory apparatus; D. Reconstruction female copulatory apparatus." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.98.83184.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/708049" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">5A, C, D</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="B07842B98FC0E569E1B32CBC9CEDBE4A" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">
|
|
Massive shell glands are distributed posteriorly to the common atrium and near the vaginal section of the bursal canal (Figs
|
|
<figureCitation id="D576468C7F14DB3F9C87DD16DC9FD26F" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Dugesia gemmulata, holotype PLA- 0101, sagittal sections and reconstructions of the copulatory apparatus. A. Photomicrograph showing ovaries and the opening of the oviduct; B. Photomicrograph showing musculature of the pharynx; C. Photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, seminal vesicle, interconnecting duct, penis glands, ejaculatory duct, penis papilla, male atrium and cement glands; D. Photomicrograph showing bursal canal and muscular swelling; E. Reconstruction male copulatory apparatus; F. Reconstruction female copulatory apparatus." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.98.83184.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/708048" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">4E</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation id="D43B624FDCED51CD32C309C1ADB8992F" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Dugesia gemmulata, paratype PLA- 0102, sagittal sections and reconstructions of the copulatory apparatus. A. Photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, seminal vesicle, diaphragm, penis glands, penis papilla, male atrium, common atrium, shell glands, cement glands and gonopore; B. Photomicrograph showing bursal canal and muscular swelling; C. Reconstruction male copulatory apparatus; D. Reconstruction female copulatory apparatus." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.98.83184.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/708049" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">5A, C</figureCitation>
|
|
). Near its opening into the common atrium, the bursal canal receives the cyanophilic secretion of the shell glands (Figs
|
|
<figureCitation id="E1B85B1FDCA9095A8D47D6D934DB32C3" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Dugesia gemmulata, holotype PLA- 0101, sagittal sections and reconstructions of the copulatory apparatus. A. Photomicrograph showing ovaries and the opening of the oviduct; B. Photomicrograph showing musculature of the pharynx; C. Photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, seminal vesicle, interconnecting duct, penis glands, ejaculatory duct, penis papilla, male atrium and cement glands; D. Photomicrograph showing bursal canal and muscular swelling; E. Reconstruction male copulatory apparatus; F. Reconstruction female copulatory apparatus." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.98.83184.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/708048" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">4E</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation id="890EAC4C4DF15F5692BA6EC22136B3FD" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Dugesia gemmulata, paratype PLA- 0102, sagittal sections and reconstructions of the copulatory apparatus. A. Photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, seminal vesicle, diaphragm, penis glands, penis papilla, male atrium, common atrium, shell glands, cement glands and gonopore; B. Photomicrograph showing bursal canal and muscular swelling; C. Reconstruction male copulatory apparatus; D. Reconstruction female copulatory apparatus." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.98.83184.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/708049" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">5A, C</figureCitation>
|
|
). Erythrophilic cement glands open into the ventral portion of the common atrium and into the gonoduct (Figs
|
|
<figureCitation id="9CAAAC8C8AE880CE6C31EC3B2F20369E" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Dugesia gemmulata, holotype PLA- 0101, sagittal sections and reconstructions of the copulatory apparatus. A. Photomicrograph showing ovaries and the opening of the oviduct; B. Photomicrograph showing musculature of the pharynx; C. Photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, seminal vesicle, interconnecting duct, penis glands, ejaculatory duct, penis papilla, male atrium and cement glands; D. Photomicrograph showing bursal canal and muscular swelling; E. Reconstruction male copulatory apparatus; F. Reconstruction female copulatory apparatus." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.98.83184.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/708048" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">4C, E</figureCitation>
|
|
,
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<figureCitation id="6DCB657C74574DA1DA1977EC264B87B9" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Dugesia gemmulata, paratype PLA- 0102, sagittal sections and reconstructions of the copulatory apparatus. A. Photomicrograph showing copulatory bursa, seminal vesicle, diaphragm, penis glands, penis papilla, male atrium, common atrium, shell glands, cement glands and gonopore; B. Photomicrograph showing bursal canal and muscular swelling; C. Reconstruction male copulatory apparatus; D. Reconstruction female copulatory apparatus." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.98.83184.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/708049" pageId="0" pageNumber="233">5A, C</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |