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<mods:title id="DC3C55F1268307548B4CF47802562DDC">Contribution to the knowledge of cotylean flatworms (Turbellaria, Polycladida) from Iranian coasts: Introducing a new species, with remarks on new records</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="087F2DF5C1710F87B6E329D99B4B9612">Maghsoudlou, Abdolvahab</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BCC0012F567EF1D156867E067FC546F2">Rahimian, Hassan</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="DF12878DFF99FFB794A018B0F746FE2E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6122994" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119588015" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6122994" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DF12878DFF99FFB794A018B0F746FE2E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DF12878DFF99FFB794A018B0F746FE2E" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="340" pageId="11" pageNumber="336">
<subSubSection id="1FA16510FF99FFB394A018B0F71DF972" pageId="11" pageNumber="336" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="5704369BFF99FFB394A018B0F53CF915" blockId="11.[151,783,1689,1748]" box="[151,783,1689,1715]" pageId="11" pageNumber="336">
<heading id="0C4C81F7FF99FFB394A018B0F53CF915" bold="true" box="[151,783,1689,1715]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="336" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="90BB4D18FF99FFB394A018B0F53CF915" ID-CoL="7X642" authority="Newman &amp; Cannon, 1996" authorityName="Newman &amp; Cannon" authorityYear="1996" box="[151,783,1689,1715]" class="Turbellaria" family="Pseudocerotidae" genus="Tytthosoceros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="11" pageNumber="336" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="lizardensis">
<emphasis id="65CFEA89FF99FFB394A018B0F53CF915" bold="true" box="[151,783,1689,1715]" pageId="11" pageNumber="336">
<emphasis id="65CFEA89FF99FFB394A018B0F7F5F915" bold="true" box="[151,454,1689,1715]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="336">Tytthosoceros lizardensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="332A4B6AFF99FFB395FB18B0F53CF915" author="Newman" box="[460,783,1689,1715]" pageId="11" pageNumber="336" refString="Newman, L. J. &amp; Cannon, L. R. G. (1996) Bulaceros, New Genus, and Tytthosoceros, New Genus, (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida) from the Great Barrier Reef, Australia and Papua New Guinea. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 44 (2), 479 - 492." type="journal article" year="1996">Newman &amp; Cannon, 1996</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5704369BFF99FFB394A01892F71DF972" blockId="11.[151,783,1689,1748]" box="[151,302,1723,1748]" pageId="11" pageNumber="336">
(
<figureCitation id="CF802A1EFF99FFB394A91892F715F972" box="[158,294,1723,1748]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 8" captionStart-1="FIGURE 9" captionStartId-0="12.[151,250,1372,1394]" captionStartId-1="13.[151,248,1552,1574]" captionTargetBox-0="[154,1426,205,1343]" captionTargetBox-1="[156,1434,302,1525]" captionTargetId-0="figure@12.[151,1436,193,1351]" captionTargetId-1="figure@13.[150,1436,301,1530]" captionTargetPageId-0="12" captionTargetPageId-1="13" captionText-0="FIGURE 8. Tytthosoceros lizardensis, ZUTC platy 1269: (A) Dorsal view of living specimen (B) drawing of tentacles with eyes (C) drawing of a whole cleared specimen, dorsal view (D) drawing of the ventral view. Abbreviations: ce, cerebral eye; cg, cement glands; fp, female pore; m, mouth; mp, male pore; ph, pharynx; su, sucker; te, tentacular eyes; ut, uterus; vd, vas deferens." captionText-1="FIGURE 9. Tytthosoceros lizardensis, ZUTC platy 1269: (A D) Haematoxylin-eosin stained sections (A C) male and female reproductive systems (D) testis and ovaries showing distribution (E) reconstruction of the male and female reproductive systems. Abbreviations: cg, cement glands; cma, ciliated male atrium; fp, female pore; i, intestine; ild, intestinal lateral diverticulum; m, mouth; ml, muscular layer; mp, male pore; o, ovaries; ov, oviduct; ph, pharynx; pv, prostatic vesicle; su, sucker; sv, seminal vesicle; ts, testis; ut, uterus." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/249715/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/249716/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="336">Figures 89</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1FA16510FF99FFB494A0192AF415F9F0" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="337" pageId="11" pageNumber="336" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="5704369BFF99FFB394A0192AF5A1F8BA" blockId="11.[151,1436,1795,2000]" box="[151,914,1795,1820]" pageId="11" pageNumber="336">
<emphasis id="65CFEA89FF99FFB394A0192AF706F8BA" bold="true" box="[151,309,1795,1820]" pageId="11" pageNumber="336">
<typeStatus id="88008839FF99FFB394A0192AF6E1F8BA" box="[151,210,1795,1820]" pageId="11" pageNumber="336">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</emphasis>
Heron Island, southern Great Barrier Reef-
<collectingCountry id="2FAC760BFF99FFB39713192AF5BDF8BA" box="[804,910,1795,1820]" name="Australia" pageId="11" pageNumber="336">Australia</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5704369BFF99FFB394F0190EF74EF8C2" blockId="11.[151,1436,1795,2000]" pageId="11" pageNumber="336">
<emphasis id="65CFEA89FF99FFB394F0190EF7B7F8E6" bold="true" box="[199,388,1831,1856]" pageId="11" pageNumber="336">Other localities.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="2FAC760BFF99FFB395BD190EF7C9F8E6" box="[394,506,1831,1856]" name="Indonesia" pageId="11" pageNumber="336">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="2FAC760BFF99FFB39632190EF4B5F8E6" box="[517,646,1831,1856]" name="Philippines" pageId="11" pageNumber="336">Philippines</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="2FAC760BFF99FFB396A71901F559F8E6" box="[656,874,1831,1856]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="11" pageNumber="336">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="2FAC760BFF99FFB39743190EF237F8E6" box="[884,1028,1831,1856]" name="South Africa" pageId="11" pageNumber="336">South Africa</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="332A4B6AFF99FFB390251901F300F8E6" author="Newman" box="[1042,1331,1831,1856]" pageId="11" pageNumber="336" refString="Newman, L. J. &amp; Cannon, L. R. G. (2005) Fabulous flatworms: a guide to marine polyclads. ABRS and CSIRO Publishing, Canberra and Melbourne, Australia. CD-ROM interactive guide." type="book" year="2005">Newman &amp; Cannon 2005</bibRefCitation>
) and
<collectingCountry id="2FAC760BFF99FFB391581901F3AFF899" box="[1391,1436,1832,1855]" name="Iran" pageId="11" pageNumber="336">Iran</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="332A4B6AFF99FFB394A91962F742F8C2" author="Khalili" box="[158,369,1867,1892]" pageId="11" pageNumber="336" refString="Khalili, Z., Rahimian, H. &amp; Pazooki, J. (2009) First record of the family Pseudocerotidae (Platyhelminthes, Polycladida, Cotylea) from the Persian Gulf, Iran. ZooKeys, 31, 39 - 51. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 31.136" type="journal article" year="2009">
Khalili
<emphasis id="65CFEA89FF99FFB394C21965F71EF8C2" box="[245,301,1867,1892]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="336">et al.</emphasis>
2009
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5704369BFF99FFB394F01946F4F6F876" blockId="11.[151,1436,1795,2000]" pageId="11" pageNumber="336">
<emphasis id="65CFEA89FF99FFB394F01946F7A7F82E" bold="true" box="[199,404,1903,1928]" pageId="11" pageNumber="336">
Location in
<collectingCountry id="2FAC760BFF99FFB3956F1946F7BCF82E" box="[344,399,1903,1928]" name="Iran" pageId="11" pageNumber="336">Iran</collectingCountry>
.
</emphasis>
Specimens were collected from two intertidal localities of
<collectingCountry id="2FAC760BFF99FFB390041946F2B1F82E" box="[1075,1154,1903,1928]" name="Iran" pageId="11" pageNumber="336">Qeshm</collectingCountry>
Island (
<figureCitation id="CF802A1EFF99FFB390D71946F328F82E" box="[1248,1307,1903,1928]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,844,866]" captionTargetBox="[153,1434,208,818]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,195,822]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Map of the Western Indo-Pacific including the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman. Sampling stations are indicated by numbers (stations 30 35 located at Qeshm Island)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249708/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="336">Fig.1</figureCitation>
stations 33 and 31). Both stations have sandy-rocky substrate with numerous small and large intertidal pools covered in red and brown algae, sponges and tunicates (Table 1).
</paragraph>
<caption id="03C46613FF9EFFB494A01B75F6C7FA68" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249715/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="337" targetBox="[154,1426,205,1343]" targetPageId="12">
<paragraph id="5704369BFF9EFFB494A01B75F6C7FA68" blockId="12.[151,1436,1372,1486]" pageId="12" pageNumber="337">
<emphasis id="65CFEA89FF9EFFB494A01B75F727FAD7" bold="true" box="[151,276,1372,1394]" pageId="12" pageNumber="337">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="90BB4D18FF9EFFB4952B1B75F42EFAD4" box="[284,541,1372,1394]" class="Turbellaria" family="Pseudocerotidae" genus="Tytthosoceros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="12" pageNumber="337" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="lizardensis">
<emphasis id="65CFEA89FF9EFFB4952B1B75F42EFAD4" box="[284,541,1372,1394]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="337">Tytthosoceros lizardensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, ZUTC platy 1269: (A) Dorsal view of living specimen (B) drawing of tentacles with eyes (C) drawing of a whole cleared specimen, dorsal view (D) drawing of the ventral view. Abbreviations: ce, cerebral eye; cg, cement glands; fp, female pore; m, mouth; mp, male pore; ph, pharynx; su, sucker; te, tentacular eyes; ut, uterus; vd, vas deferens.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="5704369BFF9EFFB494F01BDCF415F9F0" blockId="12.[151,1437,1525,2018]" pageId="12" pageNumber="337">
<emphasis id="65CFEA89FF9EFFB494F01BDCF798F9A8" bold="true" box="[199,427,1525,1550]" pageId="12" pageNumber="337">Material examined</emphasis>
. Eight individuals were examined: three mature specimens as
<collectionCode id="31AAAE5EFF9EFFB4904F1BDFF2F2F9A8" box="[1144,1217,1526,1550]" pageId="12" pageNumber="337">ZUTC</collectionCode>
platy
<date id="2305105BFF9EFFB4913C1BDCF354F9A8" box="[1291,1383,1525,1550]" pageId="12" pageNumber="337" value="1269" valueMax="1271">1269-71</date>
HS; five specimens as
<collectionCode id="31AAAE5EFF9EFFB4955D1833F780F994" box="[362,435,1562,1586]" pageId="12" pageNumber="337">ZUTC</collectionCode>
platy 1272 S (Table 1). The following description is based on observation from
<collectionCode id="31AAAE5EFF9EFFB491641833F3AFF994" box="[1363,1436,1562,1586]" pageId="12" pageNumber="337">ZUTC</collectionCode>
platy 1269, unless otherwise stated.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1FA16510FF9EFFB594F01848F32DF844" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="338" pageId="12" pageNumber="337" type="description">
<paragraph id="5704369BFF9EFFB594F01848F23BFF5E" blockId="12.[151,1437,1525,2018]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1437,151,248]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="338" pageId="12" pageNumber="337">
<emphasis id="65CFEA89FF9EFFB494F01848F76AF9DC" bold="true" box="[199,345,1633,1658]" pageId="12" pageNumber="337">Description.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="65CFEA89FF9EFFB495541848F46FF9DC" box="[355,604,1633,1658]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="337">External morphology.</emphasis>
Body soft and delicate, long and oval, slightly tapered posteriorly and raised medially (
<figureCitation id="CF802A1EFF9EFFB4956018ACF795F938" box="[343,422,1669,1694]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1372,1394]" captionTargetBox="[154,1426,205,1343]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,193,1351]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. Tytthosoceros lizardensis, ZUTC platy 1269: (A) Dorsal view of living specimen (B) drawing of tentacles with eyes (C) drawing of a whole cleared specimen, dorsal view (D) drawing of the ventral view. Abbreviations: ce, cerebral eye; cg, cement glands; fp, female pore; m, mouth; mp, male pore; ph, pharynx; su, sucker; te, tentacular eyes; ut, uterus; vd, vas deferens." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249715/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="337">Figs. 8</figureCitation>
A, C). The average size of the fixed specimens is 22 ×
<quantity id="90439B7EFF9EFFB4901A18AFF2B3F93B" box="[1069,1152,1670,1694]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="12" pageNumber="337" unit="mm" value="13.0">13 mm</quantity>
, the largest and smallest specimens 30 × 1.7 and 16 × 10, respectively. Dorsal background darker on the raised middle region, with transverse streaks medially and laterally, mottled with a mixture of chocolate brown, reddish brown or light brown and cream. Body margin with outer narrow whitish grey band and inner black band, a light beige sub-marginal band may be visible (
<figureCitation id="CF802A1EFF9EFFB495B9193CF7E2F888" box="[398,465,1813,1838]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1372,1394]" captionTargetBox="[154,1426,205,1343]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,193,1351]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. Tytthosoceros lizardensis, ZUTC platy 1269: (A) Dorsal view of living specimen (B) drawing of tentacles with eyes (C) drawing of a whole cleared specimen, dorsal view (D) drawing of the ventral view. Abbreviations: ce, cerebral eye; cg, cement glands; fp, female pore; m, mouth; mp, male pore; ph, pharynx; su, sucker; te, tentacular eyes; ut, uterus; vd, vas deferens." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249715/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="337">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
A), body margin broken at the edge with short white transverse streaks of microdots. Pseudotentacles small, ear- like, with color pattern similar to the dorsal body, with white tips (
<figureCitation id="CF802A1EFF9EFFB4908B1910F33AF8F4" box="[1212,1289,1849,1874]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1372,1394]" captionTargetBox="[154,1426,205,1343]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,193,1351]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. Tytthosoceros lizardensis, ZUTC platy 1269: (A) Dorsal view of living specimen (B) drawing of tentacles with eyes (C) drawing of a whole cleared specimen, dorsal view (D) drawing of the ventral view. Abbreviations: ce, cerebral eye; cg, cement glands; fp, female pore; m, mouth; mp, male pore; ph, pharynx; su, sucker; te, tentacular eyes; ut, uterus; vd, vas deferens." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249715/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="337">Figs. 8</figureCitation>
A, B); dorsal tentacular eyes scattered, with 3337 eye spots; cerebral eyes horseshoe shaped, containing 55 to 90 ocelli on a whitish grey background. Ventral surface transparent cream, with a grey and black margin, internal structures such as uterus, vasa deferentia, genital pores and pharynx visible from the ventral surface. Pharynx
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long, with five to six pairs of simple folds; mouth central (
<figureCitation id="CF802A1EFF9EFFB4968719E0F4C1F844" box="[688,754,1993,2018]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1372,1394]" captionTargetBox="[154,1426,205,1343]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,193,1351]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. Tytthosoceros lizardensis, ZUTC platy 1269: (A) Dorsal view of living specimen (B) drawing of tentacles with eyes (C) drawing of a whole cleared specimen, dorsal view (D) drawing of the ventral view. Abbreviations: ce, cerebral eye; cg, cement glands; fp, female pore; m, mouth; mp, male pore; ph, pharynx; su, sucker; te, tentacular eyes; ut, uterus; vd, vas deferens." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249715/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="337">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
D); main intestine extended posteriorly with lateral branches in histological sections (
<figureCitation id="CF802A1EFF9FFFB5959C1EBEF7CBFF16" box="[427,504,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1372,1394]" captionTargetBox="[154,1426,205,1343]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,193,1351]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. Tytthosoceros lizardensis, ZUTC platy 1269: (A) Dorsal view of living specimen (B) drawing of tentacles with eyes (C) drawing of a whole cleared specimen, dorsal view (D) drawing of the ventral view. Abbreviations: ce, cerebral eye; cg, cement glands; fp, female pore; m, mouth; mp, male pore; ph, pharynx; su, sucker; te, tentacular eyes; ut, uterus; vd, vas deferens." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249715/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="338">Figs. 8</figureCitation>
D, 9E). One male gonopore located posterior to the pharynx, female pore 800 µm posterior to the male pore. Sucker located ventrally, about
<quantity id="90439B7EFF9FFFB597111E95F54FFF72" box="[806,892,188,213]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="338" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
posterior to the female pore, 272 µm long (
<figureCitation id="CF802A1EFF9FFFB591531E95F697FF5E" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1372,1394]" captionTargetBox="[154,1426,205,1343]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,193,1351]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. Tytthosoceros lizardensis, ZUTC platy 1269: (A) Dorsal view of living specimen (B) drawing of tentacles with eyes (C) drawing of a whole cleared specimen, dorsal view (D) drawing of the ventral view. Abbreviations: ce, cerebral eye; cg, cement glands; fp, female pore; m, mouth; mp, male pore; ph, pharynx; su, sucker; te, tentacular eyes; ut, uterus; vd, vas deferens." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249715/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="338">Figs. 8</figureCitation>
D, 9E). Dorsal epidermis with rhabdites, ventral epidermis without (
<figureCitation id="CF802A1EFF9FFFB597961EF6F5D7FF5E" box="[929,996,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="13.[151,248,1552,1574]" captionTargetBox="[156,1434,302,1525]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[150,1436,301,1530]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 9. Tytthosoceros lizardensis, ZUTC platy 1269: (A D) Haematoxylin-eosin stained sections (A C) male and female reproductive systems (D) testis and ovaries showing distribution (E) reconstruction of the male and female reproductive systems. Abbreviations: cg, cement glands; cma, ciliated male atrium; fp, female pore; i, intestine; ild, intestinal lateral diverticulum; m, mouth; ml, muscular layer; mp, male pore; o, ovaries; ov, oviduct; ph, pharynx; pv, prostatic vesicle; su, sucker; sv, seminal vesicle; ts, testis; ut, uterus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249716/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="338">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
D).
</paragraph>
<caption id="03C46613FF9FFFB594A01839F794F907" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249716/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="338" targetBox="[156,1434,302,1525]" targetPageId="13">
<paragraph id="5704369BFF9FFFB594A01839F794F907" blockId="13.[151,1436,1552,1697]" pageId="13" pageNumber="338">
<emphasis id="65CFEA89FF9FFFB594A01839F721F983" bold="true" box="[151,274,1552,1574]" pageId="13" pageNumber="338">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="90BB4D18FF9FFFB5952D1839F427F980" box="[282,532,1552,1574]" class="Turbellaria" family="Pseudocerotidae" genus="Tytthosoceros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="13" pageNumber="338" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="lizardensis">
<emphasis id="65CFEA89FF9FFFB5952D1839F427F980" box="[282,532,1552,1574]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="338">Tytthosoceros lizardensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, ZUTC platy 1269: (AD) Haematoxylin-eosin stained sections (AC) male and female reproductive systems (D) testis and ovaries showing distribution (E) reconstruction of the male and female reproductive systems. Abbreviations: cg, cement glands; cma, ciliated male atrium; fp, female pore; i, intestine; ild, intestinal lateral diverticulum; m, mouth; ml, muscular layer; mp, male pore; o, ovaries; ov, oviduct; ph, pharynx; pv, prostatic vesicle; su, sucker; sv, seminal vesicle; ts, testis; ut, uterus.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="5704369BFF9FFFB594F018E4F32DF844" blockId="13.[151,1436,1741,2018]" pageId="13" pageNumber="338">
<emphasis id="65CFEA89FF9FFFB594F018E4F7ECF943" box="[199,479,1741,1766]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="338">Reproductive structures.</emphasis>
Male reproductive system (
<figureCitation id="CF802A1EFF9FFFB5970718E4F5B1F940" box="[816,898,1741,1766]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="13.[151,248,1552,1574]" captionTargetBox="[156,1434,302,1525]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[150,1436,301,1530]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 9. Tytthosoceros lizardensis, ZUTC platy 1269: (A D) Haematoxylin-eosin stained sections (A C) male and female reproductive systems (D) testis and ovaries showing distribution (E) reconstruction of the male and female reproductive systems. Abbreviations: cg, cement glands; cma, ciliated male atrium; fp, female pore; i, intestine; ild, intestinal lateral diverticulum; m, mouth; ml, muscular layer; mp, male pore; o, ovaries; ov, oviduct; ph, pharynx; pv, prostatic vesicle; su, sucker; sv, seminal vesicle; ts, testis; ut, uterus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249716/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="338">Figs. 9</figureCitation>
AC, E) with true seminal vesicle. Muscular seminal vesicle, 44 µm thick, oblong, 390 µm long × 241 µm wide (
<figureCitation id="CF802A1EFF9FFFB597BC18D8F5E4F8AC" box="[907,983,1777,1802]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1372,1394]" captionTargetBox="[154,1426,205,1343]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,193,1351]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. Tytthosoceros lizardensis, ZUTC platy 1269: (A) Dorsal view of living specimen (B) drawing of tentacles with eyes (C) drawing of a whole cleared specimen, dorsal view (D) drawing of the ventral view. Abbreviations: ce, cerebral eye; cg, cement glands; fp, female pore; m, mouth; mp, male pore; ph, pharynx; su, sucker; te, tentacular eyes; ut, uterus; vd, vas deferens." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249715/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="338">Figs. 8</figureCitation>
BC, 9E). Prostatic vesicle (
<figureCitation id="CF802A1EFF9FFFB5912318D8F353F8AC" box="[1300,1376,1777,1802]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="13.[151,248,1552,1574]" captionTargetBox="[156,1434,302,1525]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[150,1436,301,1530]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 9. Tytthosoceros lizardensis, ZUTC platy 1269: (A D) Haematoxylin-eosin stained sections (A C) male and female reproductive systems (D) testis and ovaries showing distribution (E) reconstruction of the male and female reproductive systems. Abbreviations: cg, cement glands; cma, ciliated male atrium; fp, female pore; i, intestine; ild, intestinal lateral diverticulum; m, mouth; ml, muscular layer; mp, male pore; o, ovaries; ov, oviduct; ph, pharynx; pv, prostatic vesicle; su, sucker; sv, seminal vesicle; ts, testis; ut, uterus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249716/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="338">Figs. 9</figureCitation>
A, E) small, oval, 198 µm × 102 µm, somewhat muscular, 21 µm thick, slightly oriented postero-dorsally, prostatic duct joints ejaculatory duct in the middle of the penis (
<figureCitation id="CF802A1EFF9FFFB596881910F532F8F4" box="[703,769,1849,1874]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="13.[151,248,1552,1574]" captionTargetBox="[156,1434,302,1525]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[150,1436,301,1530]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 9. Tytthosoceros lizardensis, ZUTC platy 1269: (A D) Haematoxylin-eosin stained sections (A C) male and female reproductive systems (D) testis and ovaries showing distribution (E) reconstruction of the male and female reproductive systems. Abbreviations: cg, cement glands; cma, ciliated male atrium; fp, female pore; i, intestine; ild, intestinal lateral diverticulum; m, mouth; ml, muscular layer; mp, male pore; o, ovaries; ov, oviduct; ph, pharynx; pv, prostatic vesicle; su, sucker; sv, seminal vesicle; ts, testis; ut, uterus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249716/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="338">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
E); penis stylet 134 µm × 61 µm, stylet length to width ratio 1: 2.1; male atrium ciliated, wide (120 µm) and shallow (90 µm) (
<figureCitation id="CF802A1EFF9FFFB597481974F5FEF8D0" box="[895,973,1885,1910]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="13.[151,248,1552,1574]" captionTargetBox="[156,1434,302,1525]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[150,1436,301,1530]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 9. Tytthosoceros lizardensis, ZUTC platy 1269: (A D) Haematoxylin-eosin stained sections (A C) male and female reproductive systems (D) testis and ovaries showing distribution (E) reconstruction of the male and female reproductive systems. Abbreviations: cg, cement glands; cma, ciliated male atrium; fp, female pore; i, intestine; ild, intestinal lateral diverticulum; m, mouth; ml, muscular layer; mp, male pore; o, ovaries; ov, oviduct; ph, pharynx; pv, prostatic vesicle; su, sucker; sv, seminal vesicle; ts, testis; ut, uterus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249716/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="338">Figs. 9</figureCitation>
B, E). Vas deferens forming a network of thin tubes (
<figureCitation id="CF802A1EFF9FFFB5952119A8F769F83C" box="[278,346,1921,1946]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1372,1394]" captionTargetBox="[154,1426,205,1343]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,193,1351]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. Tytthosoceros lizardensis, ZUTC platy 1269: (A) Dorsal view of living specimen (B) drawing of tentacles with eyes (C) drawing of a whole cleared specimen, dorsal view (D) drawing of the ventral view. Abbreviations: ce, cerebral eye; cg, cement glands; fp, female pore; m, mouth; mp, male pore; ph, pharynx; su, sucker; te, tentacular eyes; ut, uterus; vd, vas deferens." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249715/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="338">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
D), testes scattered ventrally throughout the body (
<figureCitation id="CF802A1EFF9FFFB597AC19A8F5DAF83C" box="[923,1001,1921,1946]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="13.[151,248,1552,1574]" captionTargetBox="[156,1434,302,1525]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[150,1436,301,1530]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 9. Tytthosoceros lizardensis, ZUTC platy 1269: (A D) Haematoxylin-eosin stained sections (A C) male and female reproductive systems (D) testis and ovaries showing distribution (E) reconstruction of the male and female reproductive systems. Abbreviations: cg, cement glands; cma, ciliated male atrium; fp, female pore; i, intestine; ild, intestinal lateral diverticulum; m, mouth; ml, muscular layer; mp, male pore; o, ovaries; ov, oviduct; ph, pharynx; pv, prostatic vesicle; su, sucker; sv, seminal vesicle; ts, testis; ut, uterus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249716/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="338">Figs. 9</figureCitation>
D, E). Female system (
<figureCitation id="CF802A1EFF9FFFB590D819A8F30CF83C" box="[1263,1343,1921,1946]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="13.[151,248,1552,1574]" captionTargetBox="[156,1434,302,1525]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[150,1436,301,1530]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 9. Tytthosoceros lizardensis, ZUTC platy 1269: (A D) Haematoxylin-eosin stained sections (A C) male and female reproductive systems (D) testis and ovaries showing distribution (E) reconstruction of the male and female reproductive systems. Abbreviations: cg, cement glands; cma, ciliated male atrium; fp, female pore; i, intestine; ild, intestinal lateral diverticulum; m, mouth; ml, muscular layer; mp, male pore; o, ovaries; ov, oviduct; ph, pharynx; pv, prostatic vesicle; su, sucker; sv, seminal vesicle; ts, testis; ut, uterus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249716/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="338">Figs. 9</figureCitation>
B, C, E) with deep and ciliated atrium; cement glands large; vagina thick and muscular; oviduct full of eggs (
<figureCitation id="CF802A1EFF9FFFB59125198CF352F818" box="[1298,1377,1957,1982]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="13.[151,248,1552,1574]" captionTargetBox="[156,1434,302,1525]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[150,1436,301,1530]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 9. Tytthosoceros lizardensis, ZUTC platy 1269: (A D) Haematoxylin-eosin stained sections (A C) male and female reproductive systems (D) testis and ovaries showing distribution (E) reconstruction of the male and female reproductive systems. Abbreviations: cg, cement glands; cma, ciliated male atrium; fp, female pore; i, intestine; ild, intestinal lateral diverticulum; m, mouth; ml, muscular layer; mp, male pore; o, ovaries; ov, oviduct; ph, pharynx; pv, prostatic vesicle; su, sucker; sv, seminal vesicle; ts, testis; ut, uterus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249716/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="338">Figs. 9</figureCitation>
B, C, E); female gonopore round, 230 µm in diameter (
<figureCitation id="CF802A1EFF9FFFB5968819E0F53DF844" box="[703,782,1993,2018]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="13.[151,248,1552,1574]" captionTargetBox="[156,1434,302,1525]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[150,1436,301,1530]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 9. Tytthosoceros lizardensis, ZUTC platy 1269: (A D) Haematoxylin-eosin stained sections (A C) male and female reproductive systems (D) testis and ovaries showing distribution (E) reconstruction of the male and female reproductive systems. Abbreviations: cg, cement glands; cma, ciliated male atrium; fp, female pore; i, intestine; ild, intestinal lateral diverticulum; m, mouth; ml, muscular layer; mp, male pore; o, ovaries; ov, oviduct; ph, pharynx; pv, prostatic vesicle; su, sucker; sv, seminal vesicle; ts, testis; ut, uterus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249716/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="338">Figs. 9</figureCitation>
B, C, E); ovaries distributed dorsally (
<figureCitation id="CF802A1EFF9FFFB5908019E0F2C8F844" box="[1207,1275,1993,2018]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="13.[151,248,1552,1574]" captionTargetBox="[156,1434,302,1525]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[150,1436,301,1530]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 9. Tytthosoceros lizardensis, ZUTC platy 1269: (A D) Haematoxylin-eosin stained sections (A C) male and female reproductive systems (D) testis and ovaries showing distribution (E) reconstruction of the male and female reproductive systems. Abbreviations: cg, cement glands; cma, ciliated male atrium; fp, female pore; i, intestine; ild, intestinal lateral diverticulum; m, mouth; ml, muscular layer; mp, male pore; o, ovaries; ov, oviduct; ph, pharynx; pv, prostatic vesicle; su, sucker; sv, seminal vesicle; ts, testis; ut, uterus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249716/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="338">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
D).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="03C46613FF9CFFB694A01B65F6C9FA39" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249717/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="339" targetBox="[158,1429,198,1329]" targetPageId="14">
<paragraph id="5704369BFF9CFFB694A01B65F6C9FA39" blockId="14.[151,1436,1356,1439]" pageId="14" pageNumber="339">
<emphasis id="65CFEA89FF9CFFB694A01B65F711FAC7" bold="true" box="[151,290,1356,1378]" pageId="14" pageNumber="339">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
Field photography of Iranian polyclads presented here: (AC) marine polyclads associated with ascidians (A)
<taxonomicName id="90BB4D18FF9CFFB694A01B43F7B4FA26" box="[151,391,1386,1408]" class="Turbellaria" family="Euryleptidae" genus="Maritigrella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="14" pageNumber="339" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="makranica">
<emphasis id="65CFEA89FF9CFFB694A01B43F7B4FA26" box="[151,391,1386,1408]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="339">Maritigrella makranica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(B)
<taxonomicName id="90BB4D18FF9CFFB6958E1B43F4D2FA26" box="[441,737,1386,1408]" class="Turbellaria" family="Pseudocerotidae" genus="Pseudobiceros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="14" pageNumber="339" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="uniarborensis">
<emphasis id="65CFEA89FF9CFFB6958E1B43F4D2FA26" box="[441,737,1386,1408]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="339">Pseudobiceros uniarborensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(C)
<taxonomicName id="90BB4D18FF9CFFB697241B43F5C7FA26" box="[787,1012,1386,1408]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Pseudoceritidae" genus="Thysanozoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="14" pageNumber="339" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="brocchii">
<emphasis id="65CFEA89FF9CFFB697241B43F5C7FA26" box="[787,1012,1386,1408]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="339">Thysanozoon brocchii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(D)
<taxonomicName id="90BB4D18FF9CFFB690101B43F314FA26" box="[1063,1319,1386,1408]" class="Turbellaria" family="Pseudocerotidae" genus="Tytthosoceros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="14" pageNumber="339" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="lizardensis">
<emphasis id="65CFEA89FF9CFFB690101B43F314FA26" box="[1063,1319,1386,1408]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="339">Tytthosoceros lizardensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
along with red algae.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="1FA16510FF9CFFB794F01BE2F746FE2E" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="340" pageId="14" pageNumber="339" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="5704369BFF9CFFB694F01BE2F708F93E" blockId="14.[151,1436,1483,2012]" pageId="14" pageNumber="339">
<emphasis id="65CFEA89FF9CFFB694F01BE2F708FA42" bold="true" box="[199,315,1483,1508]" pageId="14" pageNumber="339">Remarks.</emphasis>
The genus
<taxonomicName id="90BB4D18FF9CFFB695881BE2F46AFA42" box="[447,601,1483,1508]" class="Turbellaria" family="Pseudocerotidae" genus="Tytthosoceros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="14" pageNumber="339" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="65CFEA89FF9CFFB695881BE2F46AFA42" box="[447,601,1483,1508]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="339">Tytthosoceros</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
belongs to the family Pseuodocerotidae, erected by
<bibRefCitation id="332A4B6AFF9CFFB6909F1BE5F6D2F9AE" author="Newman" pageId="14" pageNumber="339" refString="Newman, L. J. &amp; Cannon, L. R. G. (1996) Bulaceros, New Genus, and Tytthosoceros, New Genus, (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida) from the Great Barrier Reef, Australia and Papua New Guinea. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 44 (2), 479 - 492." type="journal article" year="1996">Newman and Cannon (1996)</bibRefCitation>
based on specimens from the Central and Eastern Indo-Pacific (the Great Barrier Reef,
<collectingCountry id="2FAC760BFF9CFFB690D71BC6F379F9AE" box="[1248,1354,1519,1544]" name="Australia" pageId="14" pageNumber="339">Australia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="2FAC760BFF9CFFB691601BD9F714F98A" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="14" pageNumber="339">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
, and the
<collectingCountry id="2FAC760BFF9CFFB695BB183AF43CF98A" box="[396,527,1555,1580]" name="Philippines" pageId="14" pageNumber="339">Philippines</collectingCountry>
). Most species of the family occur in tropical and subtropical waters of the Indo- Pacific region (
<bibRefCitation id="332A4B6AFF9CFFB695731811F7EFF9F6" author="Hyman" box="[324,476,1591,1616]" pageId="14" pageNumber="339" refString="Hyman, L. H. (1954) The polyclad genus Pseudoceros, with special reference to the Indo-Pacific region. Pacific Science, 8, 331 - 336. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / 0012 - 821 x (76) 90194 - 1" type="journal article" year="1954">Hyman 1954</bibRefCitation>
). So far, three species have been assigned to the genus
<taxonomicName id="90BB4D18FF9CFFB69066181EF2D8F9F6" box="[1105,1259,1591,1616]" class="Turbellaria" family="Pseudocerotidae" genus="Tytthosoceros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="14" pageNumber="339" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="65CFEA89FF9CFFB69066181EF2D8F9F6" box="[1105,1259,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="339">Tytthosoceros</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="90BB4D18FF9CFFB690CC1810F4A3F9D2" authority="Baeza, Veliz, Pardo, Lohrmann and Guisado, 1997" authorityName="Baeza, Veliz, Pardo, Lohrmann and Guisado" authorityYear="1997" class="Turbellaria" family="Pseudocerotidae" genus="Tytthosoceros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="14" pageNumber="339" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="inca">
<emphasis id="65CFEA89FF9CFFB690CC1810F375F9F6" box="[1275,1350,1593,1616]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="339">T. inca</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="332A4B6AFF9CFFB691661811F4A3F9D2" author="Baeza" pageId="14" pageNumber="339" refString="Baeza, J., Veliz, D., Pardo, L., Lohrmann, K. &amp; Guisado, C. (1997) A new polyclad flatworm, Tytthosoceros inca (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida: Cotylea: Pseudocerotidae), from Chilean coastal waters. In: Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 110, pp. 476 - 482. [Washington, USA]" type="journal article" year="1997">Baeza, Véliz, Pardo, Lohrmann and Guisado, 1997</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="90BB4D18FF9CFFB696A81874F241F9D2" authority="Newman &amp; Cannon, 1996" authorityName="Newman &amp; Cannon" authorityYear="1996" box="[671,1138,1627,1652]" class="Turbellaria" family="Pseudocerotidae" genus="Tytthosoceros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="14" pageNumber="339" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="lizardensis">
<emphasis id="65CFEA89FF9CFFB696A81874F506F9D2" box="[671,821,1627,1652]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="339">T. lizardensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="332A4B6AFF9CFFB697081875F241F9D2" author="Newman" box="[831,1138,1627,1652]" pageId="14" pageNumber="339" refString="Newman, L. J. &amp; Cannon, L. R. G. (1996) Bulaceros, New Genus, and Tytthosoceros, New Genus, (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida) from the Great Barrier Reef, Australia and Papua New Guinea. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 44 (2), 479 - 492." type="journal article" year="1996">Newman &amp; Cannon, 1996</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="90BB4D18FF9CFFB690481874F70BF93E" authority="Newman &amp; Cannon, 1996" authorityName="Newman &amp; Cannon" authorityYear="1996" class="Turbellaria" family="Pseudocerotidae" genus="Tytthosoceros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="14" pageNumber="339" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="nocturnus">
<emphasis id="65CFEA89FF9CFFB690481874F33EF9D2" box="[1151,1293,1629,1652]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="339">T. nocturnus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="332A4B6AFF9CFFB691201875F70BF93E" author="Newman" pageId="14" pageNumber="339" refString="Newman, L. J. &amp; Cannon, L. R. G. (1996) Bulaceros, New Genus, and Tytthosoceros, New Genus, (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida) from the Great Barrier Reef, Australia and Papua New Guinea. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 44 (2), 479 - 492." type="journal article" year="1996">Newman &amp; Cannon, 1996</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5704369BFF9CFFB694F0188AF5DAF88E" blockId="14.[151,1436,1483,2012]" pageId="14" pageNumber="339">
Based on color and color patterns for pseudocerotids (
<bibRefCitation id="332A4B6AFF9CFFB6971F188DF27DF91A" author="Newman" box="[808,1102,1699,1724]" pageId="14" pageNumber="339" refString="Newman, L. J. &amp; Cannon, L. R. G. (1996) Bulaceros, New Genus, and Tytthosoceros, New Genus, (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida) from the Great Barrier Reef, Australia and Papua New Guinea. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 44 (2), 479 - 492." type="journal article" year="1996">Newman &amp; Cannon 1996</bibRefCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="90BB4D18FF9CFFB69055188CF2C5F91A" box="[1122,1270,1699,1724]" class="Turbellaria" family="Pseudocerotidae" genus="Tytthosoceros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="14" pageNumber="339" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="lizardensis">
<emphasis id="65CFEA89FF9CFFB69055188CF2C5F91A" box="[1122,1270,1699,1724]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="339">T. lizardensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
belongs to the fourth group, whichis characterized by spots, dots, and mottling by spots (
<bibRefCitation id="332A4B6AFF9CFFB697EC18E1F331F946" author="Newman" box="[987,1282,1736,1760]" pageId="14" pageNumber="339" refString="Newman, L. J. &amp; Cannon, L. R. G. (1994) Pseudoceros and Pseudobiceros (Platyhelminthes, Polycladida, Pseudocerotidae) from Eastern Australia and Papua New Guinea. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 37, 205 - 266." type="journal article" year="1994">Newman &amp; Cannon 1994</bibRefCitation>
). With regard to the overall body shape, color patterns and anatomy of male reproductive system, our observations agree well with descriptions of
<bibRefCitation id="332A4B6AFF9CFFB6954B1939F4FEF88E" author="Newman" box="[380,717,1807,1832]" pageId="14" pageNumber="339" refString="Newman, L. J. &amp; Cannon, L. R. G. (1996) Bulaceros, New Genus, and Tytthosoceros, New Genus, (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida) from the Great Barrier Reef, Australia and Papua New Guinea. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 44 (2), 479 - 492." type="journal article" year="1996" yearSuffix="a">Newman and Cannon (1996a)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="332A4B6AFF9CFFB697341926F5D6F88E" box="[771,997,1807,1832]" pageId="14" pageNumber="339" refString="Khalili, Z., Rahimian, H. &amp; Pazooki, J. (2009) First record of the family Pseudocerotidae (Platyhelminthes, Polycladida, Cotylea) from the Persian Gulf, Iran. ZooKeys, 31, 39 - 51. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 31.136" type="journal article">
Khalili
<emphasis id="65CFEA89FF9CFFB6976F1938F5BAF88E" box="[856,905,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="339">et al</emphasis>
. (2009)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5704369BFF9CFFB794F0191AF7A9FEBB" blockId="14.[151,1436,1483,2012]" lastBlockId="15.[151,1436,151,392]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="340" pageId="14" pageNumber="339">
The distribution of
<taxonomicName id="90BB4D18FF9CFFB69597191CF401F8EA" box="[416,562,1843,1868]" class="Turbellaria" family="Pseudocerotidae" genus="Tytthosoceros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="14" pageNumber="339" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="lizardensis">
<emphasis id="65CFEA89FF9CFFB69597191CF401F8EA" box="[416,562,1843,1868]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="339">T. lizardensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is assumed to be rare on the reef crest and subtidal areas, on the other hand it is supposed to be abundant on intertidal areas (
<bibRefCitation id="332A4B6AFF9CFFB696F01971F5C9F8D6" author="Newman" box="[711,1018,1879,1904]" pageId="14" pageNumber="339" refString="Newman, L. J. &amp; Cannon, L. R. G. (1996) Bulaceros, New Genus, and Tytthosoceros, New Genus, (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida) from the Great Barrier Reef, Australia and Papua New Guinea. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 44 (2), 479 - 492." type="journal article" year="1996">Newman &amp; Cannon 1996</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="332A4B6AFF9CFFB69026197EF2CDF8D6" box="[1041,1278,1879,1904]" pageId="14" pageNumber="339" refString="Khalili, Z., Rahimian, H. &amp; Pazooki, J. (2009) First record of the family Pseudocerotidae (Platyhelminthes, Polycladida, Cotylea) from the Persian Gulf, Iran. ZooKeys, 31, 39 - 51. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 31.136" type="journal article">
Khalili
<emphasis id="65CFEA89FF9CFFB6905C1970F294F8D6" box="[1131,1191,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="339">et al.</emphasis>
(2009)
</bibRefCitation>
have already reported the presence of
<taxonomicName id="90BB4D18FF9CFFB695991954F470F832" box="[430,579,1915,1940]" class="Turbellaria" family="Pseudocerotidae" genus="Tytthosoceros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="14" pageNumber="339" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="lizardensis">
<emphasis id="65CFEA89FF9CFFB695991954F470F832" box="[430,579,1915,1940]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="339">T. lizardensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the Iranian waters of the Persian Gulf (
<figureCitation id="CF802A1EFF9CFFB690171952F257F832" box="[1056,1124,1915,1940]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,844,866]" captionTargetBox="[153,1434,208,818]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,195,822]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Map of the Western Indo-Pacific including the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman. Sampling stations are indicated by numbers (stations 30 35 located at Qeshm Island)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249708/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="339">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
, stations 31 and 33). Six of the 38 stations (
<figureCitation id="CF802A1EFF9CFFB6957F19B6F7B9F81E" box="[328,394,1951,1976]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,844,866]" captionTargetBox="[153,1434,208,818]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,195,822]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Map of the Western Indo-Pacific including the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman. Sampling stations are indicated by numbers (stations 30 35 located at Qeshm Island)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249708/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="339">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
, stations 3035) studied here are same those of
<bibRefCitation id="332A4B6AFF9CFFB6979319B6F2B1F81E" box="[932,1154,1951,1976]" pageId="14" pageNumber="339" refString="Khalili, Z., Rahimian, H. &amp; Pazooki, J. (2009) First record of the family Pseudocerotidae (Platyhelminthes, Polycladida, Cotylea) from the Persian Gulf, Iran. ZooKeys, 31, 39 - 51. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 31.136" type="journal article">
Khalili
<emphasis id="65CFEA89FF9CFFB697CF1988F203F81E" box="[1016,1072,1951,1976]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="339">et al.</emphasis>
(2009)
</bibRefCitation>
where we again found
<taxonomicName id="90BB4D18FF9CFFB691B01988F73CF87A" class="Turbellaria" family="Pseudocerotidae" genus="Tytthosoceros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="14" pageNumber="339" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="lizardensis">
<emphasis id="65CFEA89FF9CFFB691B01988F73CF87A" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="339">T. lizardensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in two of the six stations (
<figureCitation id="CF802A1EFF9CFFB6967219EAF4B5F87A" box="[581,646,1987,2012]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,844,866]" captionTargetBox="[153,1434,208,818]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,195,822]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Map of the Western Indo-Pacific including the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman. Sampling stations are indicated by numbers (stations 30 35 located at Qeshm Island)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249708/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="339">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
, stations 31 and 33). Consequently, its reasonable to suppose that the distribution of this species on the southern coasts of
<collectingCountry id="2FAC760BFF9DFFB796D61EB1F53DFF09" box="[737,782,152,175]" name="Iran" pageId="15" pageNumber="340">Iran</collectingCountry>
(the Persian Gulf and Gulf of
<collectingCountry id="2FAC760BFF9DFFB790551EB1F298FF16" box="[1122,1195,152,176]" name="Oman" pageId="15" pageNumber="340">Oman</collectingCountry>
), for some reasons, is limited to the eastern side of
<collectingCountry id="2FAC760BFF9DFFB795DC1E95F409FF73" box="[491,570,188,213]" name="Iran" pageId="15" pageNumber="340">Qeshm</collectingCountry>
Island (Persian Gulf,
<figureCitation id="CF802A1EFF9DFFB7970D1E95F54DFF72" box="[826,894,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,844,866]" captionTargetBox="[153,1434,208,818]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,195,822]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Map of the Western Indo-Pacific including the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman. Sampling stations are indicated by numbers (stations 30 35 located at Qeshm Island)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249708/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="340">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
, stations 31 and 33). In terms of the SACFOR abundance scale for animals greater than
<quantity id="90439B7EFF9DFFB796511EF6F498FF51" box="[614,683,223,248]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="15" pageNumber="340" unit="cm" value="15.0">15 cm</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="332A4B6AFF9DFFB7968D1EC9F5A3FF5E" author="Connor" box="[698,912,223,248]" pageId="15" pageNumber="340" refString="Connor, D. W., Brazier, D. P., Hill, T. O. &amp; Northen, K. O. (1997) Marine Nature Conservation Review: marine biotope classification for Britain and Ireland. Vol. 1. Littoral biotopes. Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Peterborough, 362 pp." type="book" year="1997">
Connor
<emphasis id="65CFEA89FF9DFFB797211EC8F57DFF5E" box="[790,846,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="340">et al.</emphasis>
1997
</bibRefCitation>
), this species was distributed frequently on the aforementioned
<collectingCountry id="2FAC760BFF9DFFB7957A1F2DF7A6FEBB" box="[333,405,260,285]" name="Iceland" pageId="15" pageNumber="340">Island</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5704369BFF9DFFB794F01F0EF746FE2E" blockId="15.[151,1436,151,392]" pageId="15" pageNumber="340">
<bibRefCitation id="332A4B6AFF9DFFB794F01F0EF794FEE6" box="[199,423,295,320]" pageId="15" pageNumber="340" refString="Khalili, Z., Rahimian, H. &amp; Pazooki, J. (2009) First record of the family Pseudocerotidae (Platyhelminthes, Polycladida, Cotylea) from the Persian Gulf, Iran. ZooKeys, 31, 39 - 51. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 31.136" type="journal article">
Khalili
<emphasis id="65CFEA89FF9DFFB7952B1F00F766FEE6" box="[284,341,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="340">et al.</emphasis>
(2009)
</bibRefCitation>
found their specimens associated with orange sponge (
<taxonomicName id="90BB4D18FF9DFFB790211F0EF2FAFEE6" box="[1046,1225,295,320]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="15" pageNumber="340" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vastifica">
<emphasis id="65CFEA89FF9DFFB790211F0EF2FAFEE6" box="[1046,1225,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="340">Cliona vastifica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); we collected our specimens under rocks and in tidal pools, mostly covered with red algae
<emphasis id="65CFEA89FF9DFFB797C01F65F269FEC3" box="[1015,1114,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="340">(Solieria</emphasis>
) and the sponge,
<taxonomicName id="90BB4D18FF9DFFB791061F65F6C2FE2E" class="Demospongiae" family="Niphatidae" genus="Gelliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="15" pageNumber="340" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="carnosa">
<emphasis id="65CFEA89FF9DFFB791061F65F6C2FE2E" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="340">Gelliodes carnosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="CF802A1EFF9DFFB795371F46F761FE2E" box="[256,338,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1356,1378]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,198,1329]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,193,1334]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10. Field photography of Iranian polyclads presented here: (A C) marine polyclads associated with ascidians (A) Maritigrella makranica (B) Pseudobiceros uniarborensis (C) Thysanozoon brocchii (D) Tytthosoceros lizardensis along with red algae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249717/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="340">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
D).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>