treatments-xml/data/DF/11/87/DF1187D96D6EFFF9FF1F72EDFB34FE26.xml

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<mods:title id="717891668236D59F489A910F21E3A4E2">On the new Afrotropical genus Suffrica with discovery of an abdominal gland and a dual femoral organ (Araneae, Zodariidae)</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="90B84D4C6D6EFFE3FF1F72EDFEFBF922" ID-CoL="7B4XW" box="[151,299,1722,1748]" class="Arachnida" family="Zodariidae" genus="Suffrica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D6EFFE3FF1F72EDFEFBF922" bold="true" box="[151,299,1722,1748]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Suffrica gus</emphasis>
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<figureCitation id="CF832A4A6D6EFFE3FF1F728AFEC4F900" box="[151,276,1757,1782]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 64 – 66" captionStart-1="FIGURES 67 – 69" captionStart-2="FIGURES 70 – 73" captionStart-3="FIGURES 74 – 81" captionStart-4="FIGURES 82 – 85" captionStart-5="FIGURES 86 – 89" captionStart-6="FIGURES 90 – 95" captionStart-7="FIGURE 96" captionStartId-0="16.[151,264,1953,1975]" captionStartId-1="17.[151,264,1591,1613]" captionStartId-2="18.[151,264,1634,1656]" captionStartId-3="19.[151,264,1822,1844]" captionStartId-4="20.[151,264,1065,1087]" captionStartId-5="21.[151,264,1066,1088]" captionStartId-6="22.[151,264,1912,1934]" captionStartId-7="23.[151,250,1292,1314]" captionTargetBox-0="[301,1282,626,1930]" captionTargetBox-1="[296,1289,211,1556]" captionTargetBox-2="[227,1360,210,1612]" captionTargetBox-3="[226,1359,553,1800]" captionTargetBox-4="[226,1360,193,1043]" captionTargetBox-5="[226,1360,193,1044]" captionTargetBox-6="[227,1360,517,1890]" captionTargetBox-7="[197,1390,193,1270]" captionTargetId-0="figure@16.[280,1307,614,1932]" captionTargetId-1="figure@17.[280,1307,193,1570]" captionTargetId-2="figure@18.[227,1360,193,1613]" captionTargetId-3="figure@19.[226,1360,553,1801]" captionTargetId-4="figure@20.[226,1360,193,1044]" captionTargetId-5="figure@21.[226,1360,193,1044]" captionTargetId-6="figure@22.[227,1360,517,1890]" captionTargetId-7="figure@23.[197,1390,193,1270]" captionTargetPageId-0="16" captionTargetPageId-1="17" captionTargetPageId-2="18" captionTargetPageId-3="19" captionTargetPageId-4="20" captionTargetPageId-5="21" captionTargetPageId-6="22" captionTargetPageId-7="23" captionText-0="FIGURES 64 – 66. Suffrica gus sp. n., male and female paratype (CAS); (64) male habitus, dorsal view; (65) as previous, detail of the abdomen, arrow points to the abdominal glandular outlet; (66) female habitus, dorsal view. Scale bar (64, 66) = 1 mm; (65) = 0, 5 mm." captionText-1="FIGURES 67 – 69. Suffrica gus sp. n. (CAS), male palp and female epigyne drawings; (67) male palp, ventral view; (68) as previous, retrolateral view; (69) female epigyne, ventral view. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." captionText-2="FIGURES 70 – 73. Suffrica gus sp. n. (CAS), male palp and female epigyne; (70) male palp, ventral view; (71) as previous, retrolateral view; (72) female epigyne, ventral view; (73) female vulva after digestion, dorsal view. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." captionText-3="FIGURES 74 – 81. Suffrica gus sp. n., SEM view of male and female (CAS); (74) male habitus, antero-dorsal view, arrows points to the abdominal glandular outlet; (75) male abdomen, dorsal view, arrows points to the abdominal glandular outlet; (76) male detail of the glandular outlet, dorsal view; (77) abdominal glandular outlet of the female, dorsal view; (78) as previous, detail; (79) male, inner view of the abdomen dorsum, arrow indicates the abdominal glandular outlet; (80) as previous, inner view of the glandular outlet; (81) as previous, detail, slightly oblique view. Scale bars (74, 75) = 0.5 mm; (76, 77, 80) = 50 µm; (78, 81) = 50 µm; (79) = 100 µm." captionText-4="FIGURES 82 – 85. Suffrica gus sp. n., SEM views of female (CAS). (82) distal part of metatarsus of leg II with detail on the chisel shaped setae, ventro-prolateral view, arrows point to the terminal ramified spines; (83) tarsal claw of leg III, anterodorsal view; (84) proximal part of tarsus of leg I, dorsal, slightly oblique view, asterisk indicates the tarsal organ; (85) left palpal tarsus, dorsal view. Scale bars = 50 µm." captionText-5="FIGURES 86 – 89. Suffrica gus sp. n. (CAS), SEM views of the male palp; (86) detail of the tibial apophyses, retrolateral view; (87) detail of the median apophysis, ventral view; (88) detail of the tegular apophysis, ventral view, arrow points to the small triangular extension on the embolus; (89) detail of the conductor, anterior view, arrows indicate the thin, needle-like extensions on the retromargin of the conductor. C = conductor, E = embolus, MA = median apophysis, TA = tegular apophysis. Scale bars = 50 µm." captionText-6="FIGURES 90 – 95. Suffrica gus sp. n., SEM views of female genitalia; (90) epigyne, ventral view; (91) as previous, detail of the opening, star indicates a piece of plug and arrows point to some tiny pores; (92) vulva, dorsal view; (93) as previous, detail of the posterior part of elongate spermathecae; (94) as previous, detail of entrance ducts; (95) detail of the “ lollipop ” epigynal glands. Scale bars (90, 92, 94) = 50 µm; (91, 93, 95) = 10 µm." captionText-7="FIGURE 96. Distribution of Suffrica species: (⋅) S. chawia, (˔) S. exotica, (•) S. gus." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/288883/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/288884/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/288885/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/288886/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/288887/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/288888/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/288889/files/figure.png" httpUri-7="https://zenodo.org/record/288890/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
Figs 64 
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96
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material.
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. 
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: ♂: Tanga, West Usambara Mts., Mazumbai Forest, 
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, 
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1400 
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1800m
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, 
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11 
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20.XI.1995
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, sifting litter, C. Griswold, N. Scharff &amp; D. Ubick (
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).
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. 
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: 
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6♀, same data as 
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; 
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2♀ 6 j.: as previous (
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); 
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1♀ 2 j: as previous, 
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11 
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19.XI.1995
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, pitfall traps (
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); 1♀: Tanga, East Usambara Mts., Amani, Mbomole Hill, 
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<geoCoordinate id="328C50086D6EFFE3FF1F73E1FF27F838" box="[151,247,1974,1998]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="38.65">38°39’E</geoCoordinate>
, 
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, 
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5 
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8.XI.1995
</date>
, sifting litter, C. Griswold, N. Scharff &amp; D. Ubick (
<collectionCode id="31A9AE0A6D6EFFE3FBB073E1FBA4F838" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34700" box="[1080,1140,1974,1998]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15690" name="California Academy of Sciences" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">CAS</collectionCode>
); 
<specimenCount id="41BEFD466D6EFFE3FB0073E1FB7EF838" box="[1160,1198,1974,1998]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="generic">1♂</specimenCount>
: as previous, Amani, forest, 
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, 
<quantity id="90409B2A6D6EFFE3FE30738EFE2BF804" box="[440,507,2009,2034]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="m" value="950.0">950m</quantity>
, 
<date id="2306100F6D6EFFE3FD82738DFD10F804" box="[522,704,2009,2034]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1995-10-27" valueMax="1995-11-09" valueMin="1995-10-27">
27.X 
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9.XI.1995
</date>
(
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); 1♀: Tanga, East Usambara Mts., Sangarawe Forest, 
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35.7’E, 
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, 
<date id="2306100F6D6FFFE2FE2874C0FDE1FF46" box="[416,561,151,176]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1995-11-05" valueMax="1995-11-06" valueMin="1995-11-05">
5 
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6.XI.1995
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, sifting litter, C. Griswold, N. Scharff &amp; D. Ubick (
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); 
<specimenCount id="41BEFD466D6FFFE2FB7974CFFAC5FF46" box="[1265,1301,152,176]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="generic">2♂</specimenCount>
1♀: Tanga, West Usambara Mts., 
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, 
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1400 
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D6FFFE2FD0074EAFD46FF22" box="[648,662,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">–</emphasis>
1600m
</quantity>
, 
<date id="2306100F6D6FFFE2FD7A74EBFC4DFF23" box="[754,925,188,213]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1995-11-11" valueMax="1995-11-19" valueMin="1995-11-11">
11 
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D6FFFE2FC8574EAFCCBFF22" box="[781,795,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">–</emphasis>
19.XI.1995
</date>
, pitfalls, C. Griswold, N. Scharff &amp; D. Ubick (
<collectionCode id="31A9AE0A6D6FFFE2FF1774B7FF0BFF0E" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34700" box="[159,219,224,248]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15690" name="California Academy of Sciences" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">CAS</collectionCode>
); 
<specimenCount id="41BEFD466D6FFFE2FF7B74B7FEC5FF0E" box="[243,277,224,248]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="generic">8♂</specimenCount>
2♀ 2j.: Tanga, East Usambara Mts., Amani, 
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<geoCoordinate id="328C50086D6FFFE2FC1174B7FC29FF0E" box="[921,1017,224,248]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" precision="925" value="38.633335">38°38’E</geoCoordinate>
, 
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, 
<date id="2306100F6D6FFFE2FBD274B7FAC3FF0E" box="[1114,1299,223,248]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1995-10-28" valueMax="1995-11-09" valueMin="1995-10-28">
28.X 
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9.XI.1995
</date>
, pitfalls, C. Griswold, N. Scharff &amp; D. Ubick (
<collectionCode id="31A9AE0A6D6FFFE2FDA07553FDAFFEEA" box="[552,639,260,284]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mci8-ehqk" name="Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">ZMUC</collectionCode>
); 
<specimenCount id="41BEFD466D6FFFE2FD1C7553FD15FEEA" box="[660,709,260,284]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="generic">19♂</specimenCount>
5♀ 5j.: Tanga, East Usambara Mts., Amani, 
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<geoCoordinate id="328C50086D6FFFE2FAB07553FA47FEEA" box="[1336,1431,260,284]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" precision="925" value="38.633335">38°38’E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="90409B2A6D6FFFE2FF1F7570FF09FEB6" box="[151,217,295,320]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="m" value="950.0">950m</quantity>
, 
<date id="2306100F6D6FFFE2FF6C757FFE4DFEB6" box="[228,413,295,320]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1995-10-28" valueMax="1995-11-09" valueMin="1995-10-28">
28.X 
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D6FFFE2FE93757EFEF9FEB6" box="[283,297,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">–</emphasis>
9.XI.1995
</date>
, pitfalls, C. Griswold, N. Scharff &amp; D. Ubick (
<collectionCode id="31A9AE0A6D6FFFE2FC2C757FFC0FFEB6" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34700" box="[932,991,296,320]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15690" name="California Academy of Sciences" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">CAS</collectionCode>
; 
<specimenCount id="41BEFD466D6FFFE2FC62757FFBC4FEC9" box="[1002,1044,296,320]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="generic">2 ♂</specimenCount>
2♀ kept in 
<collectionCode id="31A9AE0A6D6FFFE2FB1E757FFB3EFEB6" box="[1174,1262,296,320]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z14b-bb31" name="Musée Royal de l’Afrique Centrale" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">MRAC</collectionCode>
); 
<specimenCount id="41BEFD466D6FFFE2FA89757FFAF3FEB6" box="[1281,1315,296,320]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="generic">2♂</specimenCount>
2♀ 2j.: as previous (
<collectionCode id="31A9AE0A6D6FFFE2FE87751BFE9BFE92" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34700" box="[271,331,332,356]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15690" name="California Academy of Sciences" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">CAS</collectionCode>
); 1♀: Tanga, East Usambara Mts., Kwamkoro Forest Reserve, 
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<geoCoordinate id="328C50086D6FFFE2FB44751BFA91FE93" box="[1228,1345,332,357]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" precision="92" value="38.59667">38°35.8’E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="90409B2A6D6FFFE2FADD751BFA48FE93" box="[1365,1432,332,357]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="m" value="950.0">950m</quantity>
, 
<date id="2306100F6D6FFFE2FF1F7538FEDBFE7E" box="[151,267,367,392]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1995-11-06">6.XI.1995</date>
, C. Griswold, N. Scharff &amp; D. Ubick (
<collectionCode id="31A9AE0A6D6FFFE2FD327527FCC1FE7E" box="[698,785,368,392]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mci8-ehqk" name="Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">ZMUC</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1FA265446D6FFFE2FF4F75C3FBD2FD96" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="570736CF6D6FFFE2FF4F75C3FBD2FD96" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,680]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D6FFFE2FF4F75C3FE91FE5B" bold="true" box="[199,321,404,429]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="90B84D4C6D6FFFE2FE6375C3FDFFFE5A" box="[491,559,404,428]" class="Arachnida" family="Zodariidae" genus="Suffrica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gus">
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D6FFFE2FE6375C3FDFFFE5A" box="[491,559,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">S. gus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are recognized by the absence of a dark patch in front of the fovea (
<figureCitation id="CF832A4A6D6FFFE2FAB775C3FF67FE26" captionStart="FIGURES 64 – 66" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[301,1282,626,1930]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[280,1307,614,1932]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 64 – 66. Suffrica gus sp. n., male and female paratype (CAS); (64) male habitus, dorsal view; (65) as previous, detail of the abdomen, arrow points to the abdominal glandular outlet; (66) female habitus, dorsal view. Scale bar (64, 66) = 1 mm; (65) = 0, 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288883/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs 64, 66</figureCitation>
). The males are easily diagnosed by the row of thin spines on the conductor of the palp (
<figureCitation id="CF832A4A6D6FFFE2FB2375E0FAD0FE26" box="[1195,1280,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURES 86 – 89" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1066,1088]" captionTargetBox="[226,1360,193,1044]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[226,1360,193,1044]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 86 – 89. Suffrica gus sp. n. (CAS), SEM views of the male palp; (86) detail of the tibial apophyses, retrolateral view; (87) detail of the median apophysis, ventral view; (88) detail of the tegular apophysis, ventral view, arrow points to the small triangular extension on the embolus; (89) detail of the conductor, anterior view, arrows indicate the thin, needle-like extensions on the retromargin of the conductor. C = conductor, E = embolus, MA = median apophysis, TA = tegular apophysis. Scale bars = 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288888/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 89</figureCitation>
), the thin and smooth distal prong of the MA (
<figureCitation id="CF832A4A6D6FFFE2FD96758BFDA5FE02" box="[542,629,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURES 86 – 89" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1066,1088]" captionTargetBox="[226,1360,193,1044]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[226,1360,193,1044]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 86 – 89. Suffrica gus sp. n. (CAS), SEM views of the male palp; (86) detail of the tibial apophyses, retrolateral view; (87) detail of the median apophysis, ventral view; (88) detail of the tegular apophysis, ventral view, arrow points to the small triangular extension on the embolus; (89) detail of the conductor, anterior view, arrows indicate the thin, needle-like extensions on the retromargin of the conductor. C = conductor, E = embolus, MA = median apophysis, TA = tegular apophysis. Scale bars = 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288888/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 87</figureCitation>
) and the abdominal modification: the central groove is shallow and delimited by whitish, narrowing and converging ridges and a small protruding pale brown scutum in front (
<figureCitation id="CF832A4A6D6FFFE2FAC975A8FA47FDEE" box="[1345,1431,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURES 64 – 66" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[301,1282,626,1930]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[280,1307,614,1932]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 64 – 66. Suffrica gus sp. n., male and female paratype (CAS); (64) male habitus, dorsal view; (65) as previous, detail of the abdomen, arrow points to the abdominal glandular outlet; (66) female habitus, dorsal view. Scale bar (64, 66) = 1 mm; (65) = 0, 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288883/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs 65</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="CF832A4A6D6FFFE2FF1F7673FF31FDCB" box="[151,225,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURES 74 – 81" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1822,1844]" captionTargetBox="[226,1359,553,1800]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[226,1360,553,1801]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 74 – 81. Suffrica gus sp. n., SEM view of male and female (CAS); (74) male habitus, antero-dorsal view, arrows points to the abdominal glandular outlet; (75) male abdomen, dorsal view, arrows points to the abdominal glandular outlet; (76) male detail of the glandular outlet, dorsal view; (77) abdominal glandular outlet of the female, dorsal view; (78) as previous, detail; (79) male, inner view of the abdomen dorsum, arrow indicates the abdominal glandular outlet; (80) as previous, inner view of the glandular outlet; (81) as previous, detail, slightly oblique view. Scale bars (74, 75) = 0.5 mm; (76, 77, 80) = 50 µm; (78, 81) = 50 µm; (79) = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288886/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">74, 75</figureCitation>
). The female differs from that of 
<taxonomicName id="90B84D4C6D6FFFE2FDD37673FD19FDCA" box="[603,713,548,572]" class="Arachnida" family="Zodariidae" genus="Suffrica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exotica">
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D6FFFE2FDD37673FD19FDCA" box="[603,713,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">S. exotica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the less developed circular entrance in the frontal half of the epigyne and by the more angled copulation ducts (
<figureCitation id="CF832A4A6D6FFFE2FD447610FCF2FD96" box="[716,802,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURES 67 – 69" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1591,1613]" captionTargetBox="[296,1289,211,1556]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[280,1307,193,1570]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 67 – 69. Suffrica gus sp. n. (CAS), male palp and female epigyne drawings; (67) male palp, ventral view; (68) as previous, retrolateral view; (69) female epigyne, ventral view. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288884/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs 69</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="CF832A4A6D6FFFE2FCA6761FFCA7FD96" box="[814,887,584,608]" captionStart="FIGURES 70 – 73" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1634,1656]" captionTargetBox="[227,1360,210,1612]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[227,1360,193,1613]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 70 – 73. Suffrica gus sp. n. (CAS), male palp and female epigyne; (70) male palp, ventral view; (71) as previous, retrolateral view; (72) female epigyne, ventral view; (73) female vulva after digestion, dorsal view. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288885/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">72, 73</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="CF832A4A6D6FFFE2FC0A761FFC26FD96" box="[898,1014,584,608]" captionStart="FIGURES 90 – 95" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1912,1934]" captionTargetBox="[227,1360,517,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[227,1360,517,1890]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 90 – 95. Suffrica gus sp. n., SEM views of female genitalia; (90) epigyne, ventral view; (91) as previous, detail of the opening, star indicates a piece of plug and arrows point to some tiny pores; (92) vulva, dorsal view; (93) as previous, detail of the posterior part of elongate spermathecae; (94) as previous, detail of entrance ducts; (95) detail of the “ lollipop ” epigynal glands. Scale bars (90, 92, 94) = 50 µm; (91, 93, 95) = 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288889/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
90 
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D6FFFE2FC16761EFC7CFD96" box="[926,940,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">–</emphasis>
92, 94
</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1FA265446D6FFFE2FF4F763BFEDBFD5E" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="570736CF6D6FFFE2FF4F763BFEDBFD5E" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,680]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D6FFFE2FF4F763BFE9EFD73" bold="true" box="[199,334,620,645]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Etymology.</emphasis>
The species name is a noun in apposition derived from the first letter of the surnames of the collectors.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="03C766476D6FFFE2FF1F7280FD2BF89E" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288880/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" targetBox="[226,1360,733,1730]" targetPageId="13">
<paragraph id="570736CF6D6FFFE2FF1F7280FD2BF89E" blockId="13.[151,1436,1751,1896]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D6FFFE2FF1F7280FE83F91B" bold="true" box="[151,339,1751,1773]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">FIGURES 46–53.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="90B84D4C6D6FFFE2FED17280FE28F918" box="[345,504,1751,1774]" class="Arachnida" family="Zodariidae" genus="Suffrica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exotica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D6FFFE2FED17280FE28F918" box="[345,504,1751,1774]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Suffrica exotica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7EFF57A66D6FFFE2FE767280FDE7F91B" box="[510,567,1751,1773]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D6FFFE2FE767280FDE7F91B" bold="true" box="[510,567,1751,1773]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, female paratype (MRAC 215732), SEM views; (46) abdomen, lateral, slightly dorsal view, arrow indicates the abdominal gland pores; (47) detail of the abdominal gland, dorso-lateral view; (48) detail of the right palpal claw, dorsal view; (49) overview of the spinnerets, anterior view; (50) posterior lateral spinnerets and median spinnerets, anterior view; (51) anterior lateral spinnerets, antero-lateral view; (52) as previous, anterior view; (53) as previous, detail. Scale bars (46) = 0.5 mm; (47, 50 
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D6FFFE2FE277304FE6CF89E" box="[431,444,1875,1896]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">–</emphasis>
53) = 10 µm; (48, 49) = 50 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="03C766476D6CFFE1FF1F7180FEABF9BF" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288881/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" targetBox="[226,1360,193,1473]" targetPageId="14">
<paragraph id="570736CF6D6CFFE1FF1F7180FEABF9BF" blockId="14.[151,1436,1495,1609]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D6CFFE1FF1F7180FE86FA1B" bold="true" box="[151,342,1495,1517]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">FIGURES 54–59.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="90B84D4C6D6CFFE1FED67180FDD0FA1B" box="[350,512,1495,1517]" class="Arachnida" family="Zodariidae" genus="Suffrica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exotica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D6CFFE1FED67180FDD0FA1B" box="[350,512,1495,1517]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Suffrica exotica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7EFF57A66D6CFFE1FD817180FD94FA1B" box="[521,580,1495,1517]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D6CFFE1FD817180FD94FA1B" bold="true" box="[521,580,1495,1517]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, female paratype (MRAC 215732), SEM views of genitalia; (54) epigyne, ventral view; (55) as previous, detail, arrows point to some of the tiny outlets of epigynal glands; (56) vulva, dorsal view; (57) as previous, dorso-lateral view; (58) as previous, detail; (59) detail of the “lollipop” epigynal glands. Scale bars (54, 56 
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D6CFFE1FAB07242FA95F9DC" box="[1336,1349,1557,1578]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">–</emphasis>
58) = 50 µm; (55, 59) = 10 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="1FA265446D6CFFFEFF4F7227FC6AF872" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="description">
<paragraph id="570736CF6D6CFFE1FF4F7227FC78F8EF" blockId="14.[151,1436,1648,1817]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D6CFFE1FF4F7227FE70F97F" bold="true" box="[199,416,1648,1673]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Description. Male</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="8803886D6D6CFFE1FE3A7227FDCEF97F" box="[434,542,1648,1673]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
). Total length 2.41, carapace 1.14 long, 0.78 wide and 0.50 high. 
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D6CFFE1FAA17227FA4CF97F" bold="true" box="[1321,1436,1648,1673]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Carapace</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="CF832A4A6D6CFFE1FF1772C3FF2BF95B" box="[159,251,1684,1709]" captionStart="FIGURES 64 – 66" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[301,1282,626,1930]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[280,1307,614,1932]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 64 – 66. Suffrica gus sp. n., male and female paratype (CAS); (64) male habitus, dorsal view; (65) as previous, detail of the abdomen, arrow points to the abdominal glandular outlet; (66) female habitus, dorsal view. Scale bar (64, 66) = 1 mm; (65) = 0, 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288883/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figs 64</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="CF832A4A6D6CFFE1FE8372C2FEF8F95B" box="[267,296,1685,1709]" captionStart="FIGURES 74 – 81" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1822,1844]" captionTargetBox="[226,1359,553,1800]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[226,1360,553,1801]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 74 – 81. Suffrica gus sp. n., SEM view of male and female (CAS); (74) male habitus, antero-dorsal view, arrows points to the abdominal glandular outlet; (75) male abdomen, dorsal view, arrows points to the abdominal glandular outlet; (76) male detail of the glandular outlet, dorsal view; (77) abdominal glandular outlet of the female, dorsal view; (78) as previous, detail; (79) male, inner view of the abdomen dorsum, arrow indicates the abdominal glandular outlet; (80) as previous, inner view of the glandular outlet; (81) as previous, detail, slightly oblique view. Scale bars (74, 75) = 0.5 mm; (76, 77, 80) = 50 µm; (78, 81) = 50 µm; (79) = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288886/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">74</figureCitation>
) very finely reticulated, medium brown, without dark area in front of fovea or if so, very faint; chelicerae and chilum pale brown; sternum yellow; legs yellow, femora slightly darker brownish. 
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D6CFFE1FA8972EFFAB2F927" bold="true" box="[1281,1378,1720,1745]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Clypeus</emphasis>
0.18 high. 
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D6CFFE1FF50728BFEDFF903" bold="true" box="[216,271,1756,1781]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Eyes</emphasis>
AME: 0.07: ALE: 0.08; PME: 0.08; PLE: 0.08; AME 
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D6CFFE1FCE5728AFCAAF902" box="[877,890,1757,1780]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">–</emphasis>
AME: 0.04; AME 
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D6CFFE1FBCC728AFB82F902" box="[1092,1106,1757,1780]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">–</emphasis>
ALE: 0.05; PME 
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D6CFFE1FA87728AFACDF902" box="[1295,1309,1757,1780]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">–</emphasis>
PME: 0.03; PME 
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D6CFFE1FF477356FF0CF8EE" box="[207,220,1793,1816]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">–</emphasis>
PLE: 0.10. MOQ: width 
<quantity id="90409B2A6D6CFFE1FE647357FDE7F8EF" box="[492,567,1792,1817]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.064" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="in" value="0.16">0.16 in</quantity>
front, 0.18 at the back; 0.23 long.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="570736CF6D6CFFE1FF4F731FFE21F873" blockId="14.[151,1437,1864,2033]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D6CFFE1FF4F731FFECFF897" bold="true" box="[199,287,1864,1889]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Chilum</emphasis>
single, 0.07 high, 0.12 wide; trapezoidal, slightly protruding in the centre, inferior margin concave. 
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D6CFFE1FF1F733BFED3F873" bold="true" box="[151,259,1900,1925]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Sternum:</emphasis>
0.59 long, 0.53 wide.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="570736CF6D6CFFE1FF4F73C7FC35F806" blockId="14.[151,1437,1864,2033]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D6CFFE1FF4F73C7FEAEF85F" bold="true" box="[199,382,1936,1961]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Legs: spination</emphasis>
: Fe: I d 
<date id="2306100F6D6CFFE1FE5473C7FDD1F85E" box="[476,513,1936,1961]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1 II</date>
d 
<date id="2306100F6D6CFFE1FD9273C7FD99F85E" box="[538,585,1936,1961]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1 III</date>
d 
<date id="2306100F6D6CFFE1FDEA73C7FD42F85E" box="[610,658,1936,1961]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1 IV</date>
d2; T (all spines except dorsal at distal extremity): III d1 middle pl 
<date id="2306100F6D6CFFE1FA1A73C7FF09F83A" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1 v2 IV</date>
d1 at 2/3 pl 
<date id="2306100F6D6CFFE1FEE173E3FE5CF83B" box="[361,396,1972,1997]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1 v</date>
2; Mt (all spines at distal extremity): I v(pl)1 IIv(pl) 
<date id="2306100F6D6CFFE1FC5573E3FBC0F83A" box="[989,1040,1972,1997]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">2 III</date>
dw 
<date id="2306100F6D6CFFE1FBB373E3FBBEF83A" box="[1083,1134,1972,1997]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">4 IV</date>
dw4. Metatarsi with three claws. Metatarsi II and III with preening brush of short chisel-shaped setae.
</paragraph>
<caption id="03C766476D6DFFE0FF1F7018FEABFB37" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288882/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" targetBox="[226,1360,193,1081]" targetPageId="15">
<paragraph id="570736CF6D6DFFE0FF1F7018FEABFB37" blockId="15.[151,1436,1103,1217]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D6DFFE0FF1F7018FE88FB93" bold="true" box="[151,344,1103,1125]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">FIGURES 60–63.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="90B84D4C6D6DFFE0FEEA7018FDD6FB93" box="[354,518,1103,1125]" class="Arachnida" family="Zodariidae" genus="Suffrica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exotica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D6DFFE0FEEA7018FDD6FB93" box="[354,518,1103,1125]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Suffrica exotica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7EFF57A66D6DFFE0FD997018FD9EFB93" box="[529,590,1103,1125]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species">
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D6DFFE0FD997018FD9EFB93" bold="true" box="[529,590,1103,1125]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, female paratype (MRAC 215732), SEM views of genitalia indicating the link between the tiny pore and the “lollipop” glands; (60) epigyne, ventral view; (61) as previous, detail; (62) vulva, dorsal view; (63) as previous, detail. 
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D6DFFE0FE0470DBFE4AFB54" bold="true" box="[396,410,1164,1186]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">S</emphasis>
= setae, 
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D6DFFE0FE7D70DBFDD9FB54" bold="true" box="[501,521,1164,1186]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">O</emphasis>
= opening. Asterisks indicate the outlets of the “lollipop” glands. Scale bars (60, 62) = 50 µm; (61, 63) = 10 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="570736CF6D6DFFE0FF4F70B9FB08F907" blockId="15.[199,418,1262,1286]" lastBlockId="15.[151,1436,1572,2029]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Leg measurements: 
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D6DFFE0FF4F7273FEECF9CB" bold="true" box="[199,316,1572,1597]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Abdomen</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="CF832A4A6D6DFFE0FEC37273FE73F9CB" box="[331,419,1572,1597]" captionStart="FIGURES 64 – 66" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[301,1282,626,1930]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[280,1307,614,1932]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 64 – 66. Suffrica gus sp. n., male and female paratype (CAS); (64) male habitus, dorsal view; (65) as previous, detail of the abdomen, arrow points to the abdominal glandular outlet; (66) female habitus, dorsal view. Scale bar (64, 66) = 1 mm; (65) = 0, 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288883/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figs 65</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="CF832A4A6D6DFFE0FE277272FE2AF9CB" box="[431,506,1572,1597]" captionStart="FIGURES 74 – 81" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1822,1844]" captionTargetBox="[226,1359,553,1800]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[226,1360,553,1801]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 74 – 81. Suffrica gus sp. n., SEM view of male and female (CAS); (74) male habitus, antero-dorsal view, arrows points to the abdominal glandular outlet; (75) male abdomen, dorsal view, arrows points to the abdominal glandular outlet; (76) male detail of the glandular outlet, dorsal view; (77) abdominal glandular outlet of the female, dorsal view; (78) as previous, detail; (79) male, inner view of the abdomen dorsum, arrow indicates the abdominal glandular outlet; (80) as previous, inner view of the glandular outlet; (81) as previous, detail, slightly oblique view. Scale bars (74, 75) = 0.5 mm; (76, 77, 80) = 50 µm; (78, 81) = 50 µm; (79) = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288886/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">74, 75</figureCitation>
): dorsum with very faint brown sclerotization front of shallow central longitudinal dorsal furrow, delimited on sides by whitish, smooth, narrowing and converging ridges and small protruding scutum in front. Anteriorly provided with brownish orange oval, glandular outlet area with granulated tegument and thin needle-like seate (
<figureCitation id="CF832A4A6D6DFFE0FE4E72C7FDCEF95F" box="[454,542,1680,1705]" captionStart="FIGURES 64 – 66" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[301,1282,626,1930]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[280,1307,614,1932]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 64 – 66. Suffrica gus sp. n., male and female paratype (CAS); (64) male habitus, dorsal view; (65) as previous, detail of the abdomen, arrow points to the abdominal glandular outlet; (66) female habitus, dorsal view. Scale bar (64, 66) = 1 mm; (65) = 0, 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288883/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figs 65</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="CF832A4A6D6DFFE0FDA372C7FD9BF95E" box="[555,587,1680,1704]" captionStart="FIGURES 74 – 81" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1822,1844]" captionTargetBox="[226,1359,553,1800]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[226,1360,553,1801]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 74 – 81. Suffrica gus sp. n., SEM view of male and female (CAS); (74) male habitus, antero-dorsal view, arrows points to the abdominal glandular outlet; (75) male abdomen, dorsal view, arrows points to the abdominal glandular outlet; (76) male detail of the glandular outlet, dorsal view; (77) abdominal glandular outlet of the female, dorsal view; (78) as previous, detail; (79) male, inner view of the abdomen dorsum, arrow indicates the abdominal glandular outlet; (80) as previous, inner view of the glandular outlet; (81) as previous, detail, slightly oblique view. Scale bars (74, 75) = 0.5 mm; (76, 77, 80) = 50 µm; (78, 81) = 50 µm; (79) = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288886/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">77</figureCitation>
); internal view shows perforated oval area, with numerous pits, larger ones corresponding with the smooth setae, smaller ones accommodating the outlets of balloon-shaped glands (
<figureCitation id="CF832A4A6D6DFFE0FAB172E3FF66F906" captionStart="FIGURES 74 – 81" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1822,1844]" captionTargetBox="[226,1359,553,1800]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[226,1360,553,1801]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 74 – 81. Suffrica gus sp. n., SEM view of male and female (CAS); (74) male habitus, antero-dorsal view, arrows points to the abdominal glandular outlet; (75) male abdomen, dorsal view, arrows points to the abdominal glandular outlet; (76) male detail of the glandular outlet, dorsal view; (77) abdominal glandular outlet of the female, dorsal view; (78) as previous, detail; (79) male, inner view of the abdomen dorsum, arrow indicates the abdominal glandular outlet; (80) as previous, inner view of the glandular outlet; (81) as previous, detail, slightly oblique view. Scale bars (74, 75) = 0.5 mm; (76, 77, 80) = 50 µm; (78, 81) = 50 µm; (79) = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288886/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Figs 79 
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D6DFFE0FA0672E2FA4CF93A" box="[1422,1436,1717,1740]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">–</emphasis>
81
</figureCitation>
). Sides sepia, venter pale, somewhat darkened around pedicel and in front of white spinnerets.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="570736CF6D6DFFE0FEA47175FAC1FA2B" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<table id="25B8C46F6D6D0010FF177175FAC2FA2B" box="[159,1298,1314,1501]" colsContinueFrom="11.[159,1298,241,427]" colsContinueIn="16.[159,1298,349,535]" gridcols="6" gridrows="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<tr id="E988348D6D6D0010FF177175FAC2FAC1" box="[159,1298,1314,1335]" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<th id="AA595DF16D6D0010FF177175FE89FAC1" box="[159,345,1314,1335]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fe</th>
<th id="AA595DF16D6D0010FE637175FDC7FAC1" box="[491,535,1314,1335]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">P</th>
<th id="AA595DF16D6D0010FD217175FD06FAC1" box="[681,726,1314,1335]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">T</th>
<th id="AA595DF16D6D0010FCE07175FC45FAC1" box="[872,917,1314,1335]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Mt</th>
<th id="AA595DF16D6D0010FBAF7175FB83FAC1" box="[1063,1107,1314,1335]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">t</th>
<th id="AA595DF16D6D0010FB6D7175FAC2FAC1" box="[1253,1298,1314,1335]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">tot</th>
</tr>
<tr id="E988348D6D6D0010FF17711CFAC2FA97" box="[159,1298,1355,1377]" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<th id="AA595DF16D6D0010FF17711CFE89FA97" box="[159,345,1355,1377]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">I 0.72</th>
<td id="AA595DF16D6D0010FE63711CFDC7FA97" box="[491,535,1355,1377]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">0.30</td>
<td id="AA595DF16D6D0010FD21711CFD06FA97" box="[681,726,1355,1377]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">0.69</td>
<td id="AA595DF16D6D0010FCE0711CFC45FA97" box="[872,917,1355,1377]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">0.51</td>
<td id="AA595DF16D6D0010FBAF711CFB83FA97" box="[1063,1107,1355,1377]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">0.48</td>
<td id="AA595DF16D6D0010FB6D711CFAC2FA97" box="[1253,1298,1355,1377]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">2.70</td>
</tr>
<tr id="E988348D6D6D0010FF177123FAC2FA7C" box="[159,1298,1396,1418]" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<th id="AA595DF16D6D0010FF177123FE89FA7C" box="[159,345,1396,1418]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">II 0.63</th>
<td id="AA595DF16D6D0010FE637123FDC7FA7C" box="[491,535,1396,1418]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">0.27</td>
<td id="AA595DF16D6D0010FD217123FD06FA7C" box="[681,726,1396,1418]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">0.42</td>
<td id="AA595DF16D6D0010FCE07123FC45FA7C" box="[872,917,1396,1418]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">0.42</td>
<td id="AA595DF16D6D0010FBAF7123FB83FA7C" box="[1063,1107,1396,1418]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">0.42</td>
<td id="AA595DF16D6D0010FB6D7123FAC2FA7C" box="[1253,1298,1396,1418]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">2.16</td>
</tr>
<tr id="E988348D6D6D0010FF1771CAFAC2FA45" box="[159,1298,1437,1459]" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<th id="AA595DF16D6D0010FF1771CAFE89FA45" box="[159,345,1437,1459]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">III 0.60</th>
<td id="AA595DF16D6D0010FE6371CAFDC7FA45" box="[491,535,1437,1459]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">0.30</td>
<td id="AA595DF16D6D0010FD2171CAFD06FA45" box="[681,726,1437,1459]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">0.39</td>
<td id="AA595DF16D6D0010FCE071CAFC45FA45" box="[872,917,1437,1459]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">0.48</td>
<td id="AA595DF16D6D0010FBAF71CAFB83FA45" box="[1063,1107,1437,1459]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">0.42</td>
<td id="AA595DF16D6D0010FB6D71CAFAC2FA45" box="[1253,1298,1437,1459]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">2.19</td>
</tr>
<tr id="E988348D6D6D0010FF177190FAC2FA2B" box="[159,1298,1479,1501]" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<th id="AA595DF16D6D0010FF177190FE89FA2B" box="[159,345,1479,1501]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">IV 0.87</th>
<td id="AA595DF16D6D0010FE637190FDC7FA2B" box="[491,535,1479,1501]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">0.30</td>
<td id="AA595DF16D6D0010FD217190FD06FA2B" box="[681,726,1479,1501]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">0.72</td>
<td id="AA595DF16D6D0010FCE07190FC45FA2B" box="[872,917,1479,1501]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">0.75</td>
<td id="AA595DF16D6D0010FBAF7190FB83FA2B" box="[1063,1107,1479,1501]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">0.48</td>
<td id="AA595DF16D6D0010FB6D7190FAC2FA2B" box="[1253,1298,1479,1501]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">3.12</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="570736CF6D6DFFE0FF4F72ABFE58F877" blockId="15.[151,1436,1572,2029]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D6DFFE0FF4F72ABFED4F8E3" bold="true" box="[199,260,1788,1813]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Palp.</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="CF832A4A6D6DFFE0FE9072ABFE73F8E3" box="[280,419,1788,1813]" captionStart="FIGURES 67 – 69" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1591,1613]" captionTargetBox="[296,1289,211,1556]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[280,1307,193,1570]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 67 – 69. Suffrica gus sp. n. (CAS), male palp and female epigyne drawings; (67) male palp, ventral view; (68) as previous, retrolateral view; (69) female epigyne, ventral view. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288884/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figs 67, 68</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="CF832A4A6D6DFFE0FE3D72AAFE04F8E3" box="[437,468,1789,1813]" captionStart="FIGURES 70 – 73" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1634,1656]" captionTargetBox="[227,1360,210,1612]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[227,1360,193,1613]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 70 – 73. Suffrica gus sp. n. (CAS), male palp and female epigyne; (70) male palp, ventral view; (71) as previous, retrolateral view; (72) female epigyne, ventral view; (73) female vulva after digestion, dorsal view. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288885/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">70</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="CF832A4A6D6DFFE0FE6C72AAFDD2F8E2" box="[484,514,1789,1812]" captionStart="FIGURES 74 – 81" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1822,1844]" captionTargetBox="[226,1359,553,1800]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[226,1360,553,1801]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 74 – 81. Suffrica gus sp. n., SEM view of male and female (CAS); (74) male habitus, antero-dorsal view, arrows points to the abdominal glandular outlet; (75) male abdomen, dorsal view, arrows points to the abdominal glandular outlet; (76) male detail of the glandular outlet, dorsal view; (77) abdominal glandular outlet of the female, dorsal view; (78) as previous, detail; (79) male, inner view of the abdomen dorsum, arrow indicates the abdominal glandular outlet; (80) as previous, inner view of the glandular outlet; (81) as previous, detail, slightly oblique view. Scale bars (74, 75) = 0.5 mm; (76, 77, 80) = 50 µm; (78, 81) = 50 µm; (79) = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288886/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">77</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="CF832A4A6D6DFFE0FD9B72ABFD8CF8E3" box="[531,604,1788,1813]" captionStart="FIGURES 86 – 89" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1066,1088]" captionTargetBox="[226,1360,193,1044]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[226,1360,193,1044]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 86 – 89. Suffrica gus sp. n. (CAS), SEM views of the male palp; (86) detail of the tibial apophyses, retrolateral view; (87) detail of the median apophysis, ventral view; (88) detail of the tegular apophysis, ventral view, arrow points to the small triangular extension on the embolus; (89) detail of the conductor, anterior view, arrows indicate the thin, needle-like extensions on the retromargin of the conductor. C = conductor, E = embolus, MA = median apophysis, TA = tegular apophysis. Scale bars = 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288888/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
86 
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D6DFFE0FDA772AAFDEDF8E2" box="[559,573,1789,1812]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">–</emphasis>
89
</figureCitation>
). Patella with fairly long dorsal extension; tibia with short dorsal and retrolateral anterior extensions; remainder of palp very similar to those of 
<taxonomicName id="90B84D4C6D6DFFE0FC5E7377FB93F8CE" box="[982,1091,1824,1848]" class="Arachnida" family="Zodariidae" genus="Suffrica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chawia">
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D6DFFE0FC5E7377FB93F8CE" box="[982,1091,1824,1848]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">S. chawia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="90B84D4C6D6DFFE0FBF17377FB36F8CE" box="[1145,1254,1824,1848]" class="Arachnida" family="Zodariidae" genus="Suffrica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exotica">
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D6DFFE0FBF17377FB36F8CE" box="[1145,1254,1824,1848]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">S. exotica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
except shape of distal part of conductor strongly curved and which is provided with a row of retrolateral needle-like spines; distal prong of MA slender.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="570736CF6D6DFFFFFF4F73DBFE79FF23" blockId="15.[151,1436,1572,2029]" lastBlockId="16.[151,1436,151,320]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D6DFFE0FF4F73DBFECEF853" bold="true" box="[199,286,1932,1957]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Female</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="8803886D6D6DFFE0FEA573DAFE41F853" box="[301,401,1933,1957]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
CAS). Total length 2.84, carapace 1.35 long, 0.85 wide and 0.71 high. 
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D6DFFE0FB3F73DBFAFAF853" bold="true" box="[1207,1322,1932,1957]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Carapace</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="CF832A4A6D6DFFE0FAB373DBFA5FF853" box="[1339,1423,1932,1957]" captionStart="FIGURES 64 – 66" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[301,1282,626,1930]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[280,1307,614,1932]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 64 – 66. Suffrica gus sp. n., male and female paratype (CAS); (64) male habitus, dorsal view; (65) as previous, detail of the abdomen, arrow points to the abdominal glandular outlet; (66) female habitus, dorsal view. Scale bar (64, 66) = 1 mm; (65) = 0, 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288883/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 66</figureCitation>
), mouthparts and eyes as in male. 
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D6DFFE0FD9B73E7FD57F83F" bold="true" box="[531,647,1968,1993]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Abdomen</emphasis>
not modified; dorsum uniform dark sepia with numerous tiny white spots, with small pale scutum provided anteriorly with oval glandular outlet (
<figureCitation id="CF832A4A6D6DFFE0FC717383FBACF81B" box="[1017,1148,2004,2029]" captionStart="FIGURES 74 – 81" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1822,1844]" captionTargetBox="[226,1359,553,1800]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[226,1360,553,1801]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 74 – 81. Suffrica gus sp. n., SEM view of male and female (CAS); (74) male habitus, antero-dorsal view, arrows points to the abdominal glandular outlet; (75) male abdomen, dorsal view, arrows points to the abdominal glandular outlet; (76) male detail of the glandular outlet, dorsal view; (77) abdominal glandular outlet of the female, dorsal view; (78) as previous, detail; (79) male, inner view of the abdomen dorsum, arrow indicates the abdominal glandular outlet; (80) as previous, inner view of the glandular outlet; (81) as previous, detail, slightly oblique view. Scale bars (74, 75) = 0.5 mm; (76, 77, 80) = 50 µm; (78, 81) = 50 µm; (79) = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288886/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figs 77, 78</figureCitation>
); sides paler sepia, venter pale with two oblique dark patches extending from dark sides and dark spot in front of white spinnerets, surrounded by pale ring.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="570736CF6D72FFFFFF4F7488FC46FF0E" blockId="16.[151,1436,151,320]" box="[199,918,223,248]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Chilum 0.07 high, 0.12 wide; trapezoidal, inferior margin straight.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="570736CF6D72FFFFFF4F7553FDF1FEEB" blockId="16.[151,1436,151,320]" box="[199,545,260,285]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D72FFFFFF4F7553FEE3FEEB" bold="true" box="[199,307,260,285]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Sternum:</emphasis>
0.64 long, 0.57 wide.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="570736CF6D72FFFFFF4F7570FD3EFEB6" blockId="16.[151,1436,151,320]" box="[199,750,295,320]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D72FFFFFF4F7570FEADFEB6" bold="true" box="[199,381,295,320]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Legs: spination</emphasis>
as in male. 
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D72FFFFFD8C7570FD3EFEB6" bold="true" box="[516,750,295,320]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Leg measurements:</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="570736CF6D72FFFFFEA4750AFAC1FDE1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<table id="25B8C46F6D720010FF17750AFAC2FDE1" box="[159,1298,349,535]" colsContinueFrom="15.[159,1298,1314,1501]" gridcols="6" gridrows="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<tr id="E988348D6D720010FF17750AFAC2FE84" box="[159,1298,349,370]" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<th id="AA595DF16D720010FF17750AFE89FE84" box="[159,345,349,370]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fe</th>
<th id="AA595DF16D720010FE63750AFDC7FE84" box="[491,535,349,370]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P</th>
<th id="AA595DF16D720010FD21750AFD06FE84" box="[681,726,349,370]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">T</th>
<th id="AA595DF16D720010FCE0750AFC45FE84" box="[872,917,349,370]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Mt</th>
<th id="AA595DF16D720010FBAF750AFB83FE84" box="[1063,1107,349,370]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">t</th>
<th id="AA595DF16D720010FB6D750AFAC2FE84" box="[1253,1298,349,370]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">tot</th>
</tr>
<tr id="E988348D6D720010FF1775D2FAC2FE6D" box="[159,1298,389,411]" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<th id="AA595DF16D720010FF1775D2FE89FE6D" box="[159,345,389,411]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">I 0.69</th>
<td id="AA595DF16D720010FE6375D2FDC7FE6D" box="[491,535,389,411]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.30</td>
<td id="AA595DF16D720010FD2175D2FD06FE6D" box="[681,726,389,411]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.63</td>
<td id="AA595DF16D720010FCE075D2FC45FE6D" box="[872,917,389,411]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.51</td>
<td id="AA595DF16D720010FBAF75D2FB83FE6D" box="[1063,1107,389,411]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.45</td>
<td id="AA595DF16D720010FB6D75D2FAC2FE6D" box="[1253,1298,389,411]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">2.58</td>
</tr>
<tr id="E988348D6D720010FF1775F9FAC2FE32" box="[159,1298,430,452]" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<th id="AA595DF16D720010FF1775F9FE89FE32" box="[159,345,430,452]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">II 0.66</th>
<td id="AA595DF16D720010FE6375F9FDC7FE32" box="[491,535,430,452]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.30</td>
<td id="AA595DF16D720010FD2175F9FD06FE32" box="[681,726,430,452]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.48</td>
<td id="AA595DF16D720010FCE075F9FC45FE32" box="[872,917,430,452]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.48</td>
<td id="AA595DF16D720010FBAF75F9FB83FE32" box="[1063,1107,430,452]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.36</td>
<td id="AA595DF16D720010FB6D75F9FAC2FE32" box="[1253,1298,430,452]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">2.28</td>
</tr>
<tr id="E988348D6D720010FF17758FFAC2FE18" box="[159,1298,472,494]" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<th id="AA595DF16D720010FF17758FFE89FE18" box="[159,345,472,494]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">III 0.63</th>
<td id="AA595DF16D720010FE63758FFDC7FE18" box="[491,535,472,494]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.30</td>
<td id="AA595DF16D720010FD21758FFD06FE18" box="[681,726,472,494]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.45</td>
<td id="AA595DF16D720010FCE0758FFC45FE18" box="[872,917,472,494]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.36</td>
<td id="AA595DF16D720010FBAF758FFB83FE18" box="[1063,1107,472,494]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.39</td>
<td id="AA595DF16D720010FB6D758FFAC2FE18" box="[1253,1298,472,494]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">2.13</td>
</tr>
<tr id="E988348D6D720010FF177656FAC2FDE1" box="[159,1298,513,535]" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<th id="AA595DF16D720010FF177656FE89FDE1" box="[159,345,513,535]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">IV 0.84</th>
<td id="AA595DF16D720010FE637656FDC7FDE1" box="[491,535,513,535]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.30</td>
<td id="AA595DF16D720010FD217656FD06FDE1" box="[681,726,513,535]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.69</td>
<td id="AA595DF16D720010FCE07656FC45FDE1" box="[872,917,513,535]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.75</td>
<td id="AA595DF16D720010FBAF7656FB83FDE1" box="[1063,1107,513,535]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.48</td>
<td id="AA595DF16D720010FB6D7656FAC2FDE1" box="[1253,1298,513,535]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">3.06</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="03C766476D72FFFFFF1F73F6FEE1F803" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288883/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" targetBox="[301,1282,626,1930]" targetPageId="16">
<paragraph id="570736CF6D72FFFFFF1F73F6FEE1F803" blockId="16.[151,1436,1953,2037]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D72FFFFFF1F73F6FE83F841" bold="true" box="[151,339,1953,1975]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">FIGURES 64–66.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="90B84D4C6D72FFFFFED173F6FE02F841" box="[345,466,1953,1975]" class="Arachnida" family="Zodariidae" genus="Suffrica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D72FFFFFED173F6FE02F841" box="[345,466,1953,1975]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Suffrica gus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7EFF57A66D72FFFFFE5073F6FDC0F841" box="[472,528,1953,1975]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species">
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D72FFFFFE5073F6FDC0F841" bold="true" box="[472,528,1953,1975]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, male and female paratype (CAS); (64) male habitus, dorsal view; (65) as previous, detail of the abdomen, arrow points to the abdominal glandular outlet; (66) female habitus, dorsal view. Scale bar (64, 66) = 1 mm; (65) = 0,5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="03C766476D73FFFEFF1F7260FC36F99A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288884/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" targetBox="[296,1289,211,1556]" targetPageId="17">
<paragraph id="570736CF6D73FFFEFF1F7260FC36F99A" blockId="17.[151,1435,1591,1644]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D73FFFEFF1F7260FE86F9BB" bold="true" box="[151,342,1591,1613]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">FIGURES 67–69.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="90B84D4C6D73FFFEFED57260FE09F9BB" box="[349,473,1591,1613]" class="Arachnida" family="Zodariidae" genus="Suffrica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D73FFFEFED57260FE09F9BB" box="[349,473,1591,1613]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Suffrica gus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7EFF57A66D73FFFEFE697260FDCCF9BB" box="[481,540,1591,1613]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" rank="species">
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D73FFFEFE697260FDCCF9BB" bold="true" box="[481,540,1591,1613]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(CAS), male palp and female epigyne drawings; (67) male palp, ventral view; (68) as previous, retrolateral view; (69) female epigyne, ventral view. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="570736CF6D73FFFEFF4F72C4FBA9F95A" blockId="17.[151,1437,1683,1960]" box="[199,1145,1683,1708]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
Palpal tarsus with 4–5 strong prolateral spines, with finely pectinated claw (
<figureCitation id="CF832A4A6D73FFFEFB9072C4FBBCF95A" box="[1048,1132,1683,1708]" captionStart="FIGURES 82 – 85" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1065,1087]" captionTargetBox="[226,1360,193,1043]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[226,1360,193,1044]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 82 – 85. Suffrica gus sp. n., SEM views of female (CAS). (82) distal part of metatarsus of leg II with detail on the chisel shaped setae, ventro-prolateral view, arrows point to the terminal ramified spines; (83) tarsal claw of leg III, anterodorsal view; (84) proximal part of tarsus of leg I, dorsal, slightly oblique view, asterisk indicates the tarsal organ; (85) left palpal tarsus, dorsal view. Scale bars = 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288887/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 85</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="570736CF6D73FFFEFF4F72E0FA86F8CD" blockId="17.[151,1437,1683,1960]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D73FFFEFF4F72E0FEE0F926" bold="true" box="[199,304,1719,1744]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Epigyne.</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="CF832A4A6D73FFFEFEB772E0FE47F926" box="[319,407,1719,1744]" captionStart="FIGURES 67 – 69" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1591,1613]" captionTargetBox="[296,1289,211,1556]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[280,1307,193,1570]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 67 – 69. Suffrica gus sp. n. (CAS), male palp and female epigyne drawings; (67) male palp, ventral view; (68) as previous, retrolateral view; (69) female epigyne, ventral view. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288884/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Figs 69</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="CF832A4A6D73FFFEFE2A72E0FE10F939" box="[418,448,1719,1743]" captionStart="FIGURES 70 – 73" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1634,1656]" captionTargetBox="[227,1360,210,1612]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[227,1360,193,1613]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 70 – 73. Suffrica gus sp. n. (CAS), male palp and female epigyne; (70) male palp, ventral view; (71) as previous, retrolateral view; (72) female epigyne, ventral view; (73) female vulva after digestion, dorsal view. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288885/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">72</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="CF832A4A6D73FFFEFE4472E0FDC5F939" box="[460,533,1719,1743]" captionStart="FIGURES 90 – 95" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1912,1934]" captionTargetBox="[227,1360,517,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[227,1360,517,1890]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 90 – 95. Suffrica gus sp. n., SEM views of female genitalia; (90) epigyne, ventral view; (91) as previous, detail of the opening, star indicates a piece of plug and arrows point to some tiny pores; (92) vulva, dorsal view; (93) as previous, detail of the posterior part of elongate spermathecae; (94) as previous, detail of entrance ducts; (95) detail of the “ lollipop ” epigynal glands. Scale bars (90, 92, 94) = 50 µm; (91, 93, 95) = 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288889/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">90, 91</figureCitation>
). Provided with vase shaped medium brown pattern composed of entrance ducts and spermathecae seen in transparency. Vulva anteriorly with two membranous tube-shaped structures connected to the sinuous copulation ducts, leading to poorly defined elongated spermathecae (
<figureCitation id="CF832A4A6D73FFFEFBE772A8FB1BF8E1" box="[1135,1227,1791,1816]" captionStart="FIGURES 70 – 73" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1634,1656]" captionTargetBox="[227,1360,210,1612]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[227,1360,193,1613]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 70 – 73. Suffrica gus sp. n. (CAS), male palp and female epigyne; (70) male palp, ventral view; (71) as previous, retrolateral view; (72) female epigyne, ventral view; (73) female vulva after digestion, dorsal view. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288885/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Figs 73</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="CF832A4A6D73FFFEFB5372A8FAF5F8E1" box="[1243,1317,1791,1815]" captionStart="FIGURES 90 – 95" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1912,1934]" captionTargetBox="[227,1360,517,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[227,1360,517,1890]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 90 – 95. Suffrica gus sp. n., SEM views of female genitalia; (90) epigyne, ventral view; (91) as previous, detail of the opening, star indicates a piece of plug and arrows point to some tiny pores; (92) vulva, dorsal view; (93) as previous, detail of the posterior part of elongate spermathecae; (94) as previous, detail of entrance ducts; (95) detail of the “ lollipop ” epigynal glands. Scale bars (90, 92, 94) = 50 µm; (91, 93, 95) = 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288889/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
92 
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D73FFFEFB7F7357FAD5F8E1" box="[1271,1285,1792,1815]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">–</emphasis>
94
</figureCitation>
). Anterior membranous part internally with “lollipop” glands at its vicinity (
<figureCitation id="CF832A4A6D73FFFEFCFD7374FC16F8CA" box="[885,966,1827,1852]" captionStart="FIGURES 90 – 95" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1912,1934]" captionTargetBox="[227,1360,517,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[227,1360,517,1890]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 90 – 95. Suffrica gus sp. n., SEM views of female genitalia; (90) epigyne, ventral view; (91) as previous, detail of the opening, star indicates a piece of plug and arrows point to some tiny pores; (92) vulva, dorsal view; (93) as previous, detail of the posterior part of elongate spermathecae; (94) as previous, detail of entrance ducts; (95) detail of the “ lollipop ” epigynal glands. Scale bars (90, 92, 94) = 50 µm; (91, 93, 95) = 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288889/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 95</figureCitation>
) as in 
<taxonomicName id="90B84D4C6D73FFFEFB987373FBADF8CD" box="[1040,1149,1828,1851]" class="Arachnida" family="Zodariidae" genus="Suffrica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exotica">
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D73FFFEFB987373FBADF8CD" box="[1040,1149,1828,1851]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">S. exotica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but less numerous.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="570736CF6D73FFFEFF4F7310FC6AF872" blockId="17.[151,1437,1683,1960]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D73FFFEFF4F7310FEE5F896" bold="true" box="[199,309,1863,1888]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Variation</emphasis>
. Total length varies between 1.9 and 2.5 for males (n= 24), between 2.3 and 2.7 for females (n= 19). The longitudinal dorsal ridges on the male abdomen may vary in width.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1FA265446D73FFFEFF4F73D8FB7AF85E" box="[199,1194,1935,1960]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="570736CF6D73FFFEFF4F73D8FB7AF85E" blockId="17.[151,1437,1683,1960]" box="[199,1194,1935,1960]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D73FFFEFF4F73D8FE89F85E" bold="true" box="[199,345,1935,1960]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Distribution</emphasis>
. Known from several localities in the Usambara Mts. in 
<collectingCountry id="2FAF765F6D73FFFEFC5D73D8FBE9F85E" box="[981,1081,1935,1960]" name="Tanzania" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="CF832A4A6D73FFFEFBC173D8FB4EF85E" box="[1097,1182,1935,1960]" captionStart="FIGURE 96" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1292,1314]" captionTargetBox="[197,1390,193,1270]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[197,1390,193,1270]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 96. Distribution of Suffrica species: (⋅) S. chawia, (˔) S. exotica, (•) S. gus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288890/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 96</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="03C766476D70FFFDFF1F7235FA8EF961" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288885/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" targetBox="[227,1360,210,1612]" targetPageId="18">
<paragraph id="570736CF6D70FFFDFF1F7235FA8EF961" blockId="18.[151,1436,1634,1687]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D70FFFDFF1F7235FE86F98E" bold="true" box="[151,342,1634,1656]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">FIGURES 70–73.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="90B84D4C6D70FFFDFED57235FE08F98E" box="[349,472,1634,1656]" class="Arachnida" family="Zodariidae" genus="Suffrica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D70FFFDFED57235FE08F98E" box="[349,472,1634,1656]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Suffrica gus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7EFF57A66D70FFFDFE697235FDCBF98E" box="[481,539,1634,1656]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" rank="species">
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D70FFFDFE697235FDCBF98E" bold="true" box="[481,539,1634,1656]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(CAS), male palp and female epigyne; (70) male palp, ventral view; (71) as previous, retrolateral view; (72) female epigyne, ventral view; (73) female vulva after digestion, dorsal view. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="1FA265446D70FFF9FF4F7294FB34FE26" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="570736CF6D70FFFCFF4F7294FF3FFE03" blockId="18.[151,1436,1731,2008]" lastBlockId="19.[151,1436,151,501]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D70FFFDFF4F7294FE95F92A" bold="true" box="[199,325,1731,1756]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Discussion</emphasis>
. The discovery of several species of a genus close to 
<taxonomicName id="90B84D4C6D70FFFDFC327294FBC4F92D" box="[954,1044,1731,1755]" class="Arachnida" family="Zodariidae" genus="Suffasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D70FFFDFC327294FBC4F92D" box="[954,1044,1731,1755]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Suffasia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may come as a surprise since the latter genus is widespread in Asia but has not yet been found in Africa. However, the localities where these species have been found, boast a particularly high biodiversity. The Eastern Arc Mountains are among the most diverse African regions (
<bibRefCitation id="33294B3E6D70FFFDFEDB7378FE2FF8BE" author="Griswold" box="[339,511,1839,1864]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refString="Griswold, C. E. (1991) Cladistic biogeography of Afromontane spiders, Australian Systematic Botany, 4, 73 - 89. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1071 / SB 9910073" type="journal article" year="1991">Griswold 1991</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="33294B3E6D70FFFDFD827378FD4DF8BE" author="Scharff" box="[522,669,1839,1864]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refString="Scharff, N. (1993) The Linyphiid spider fauna (Araneae: Linyphiidae) of mountain forests in the Eastern Arc mountains. In: Lovett, J. C. &amp; Wasser, S. K. (Eds.), Biogeography and Ecology of the Rainforests of Eastern Africa, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 115 - 132." type="book chapter" year="1993">Scharff 1993</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="33294B3E6D70FFFDFD207367FCA4F8BE" author="Jocque" box="[680,884,1839,1864]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refString="Jocque R., Alderweireldt, M. &amp; Dippenaar-Schoeman, A. S. (2013) Biodiversity, an African perspective. In: Penney, D. (Ed.), Spider research in the 21 st Century. Siri Scientific Press, pp. 18 - 57." type="book chapter" year="2013">
Jocqué 
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D70FFFDFD747367FCE4F8B1" box="[764,820,1839,1863]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">et al.</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
) and are famous for a number of very remarkable organisms often with unclear affinities, e.g. the damselfly 
<taxonomicName id="90B84D4C6D70FFFDFCC77304FEB4F866" authority="Pinhey, 1962 (Dijkstra &amp; Clausnitzer 2014)" authorityName="Pinhey, 1962 (Dijkstra &amp; Clausnitzer" authorityYear="2014" class="Insecta" family="Megapodagrionidae" genus="Amanipodagrion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gilliesi">
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D70FFFDFCC77304FBB5F89D" box="[847,1125,1875,1899]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Amanipodagrion gilliesi</emphasis>
Pinhey, 1962 (
<bibRefCitation id="33294B3E6D70FFFDFA957304FE8DF866" author="Dijkstra" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refString="Dijkstra, K. D. &amp; Clausnitzer, V. (2014) The dragonflies and damselflies of Eastern Africa, Studies in Afrotropical Zoology, 298, 1 - 264." type="journal article" year="2014">Dijkstra &amp; Clausnitzer 2014</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and the spiders 
<taxonomicName id="90B84D4C6D70FFFDFDA6732FFAB8F866" authority="Polotow &amp; Jocque, 2014 (Polotow &amp; Jocque 2014)" authorityName="Polotow &amp; Jocque, 2014 (Polotow &amp; Jocque" authorityYear="2014" box="[558,1384,1911,1936]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Arctenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taitensis">
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D70FFFDFDA6732FFD2AF879" box="[558,762,1912,1935]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Arctenus taitensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="33294B3E6D70FFFDFC8F7320FBFBF866" author="Polotow" box="[775,1067,1911,1936]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refString="Polotow, D. &amp; Jocque, R. (2014) The new spider genus Arctenus, an Afrotropical representative of the Calocteninae (Araneae, Ctenidae), Journal of Arachnology, 42, 240 - 247. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1636 / 0161 - 8202 - 42.3.240" type="journal article" year="2014">Polotow &amp; Jocqué, 2014</bibRefCitation>
(
<bibRefCitation id="33294B3E6D70FFFDFBB77320FAB0F866" author="Polotow" box="[1087,1376,1911,1936]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refString="Polotow, D. &amp; Jocque, R. (2014) The new spider genus Arctenus, an Afrotropical representative of the Calocteninae (Araneae, Ctenidae), Journal of Arachnology, 42, 240 - 247. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1636 / 0161 - 8202 - 42.3.240" type="journal article" year="2014">Polotow &amp; Jocqué 2014</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="90B84D4C6D70FFFDFF1F73CCFC16F842" authority="Jocque &amp; Scharff, 1986 (Jocque &amp; Scharff 1986)" authorityName="Jocque &amp; Scharff, 1986 (Jocque &amp; Scharff" authorityYear="1986" box="[151,966,1947,1972]" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Ulugurella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longimana">
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D70FFFDFF1F73CCFE40F845" box="[151,400,1947,1971]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Ulugurella longimana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="33294B3E6D70FFFDFE1073CBFD74F842" author="Jocque" box="[408,676,1947,1972]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refString="Jocque, R. &amp; Scharff, N. (1986) Spiders (Araneae) of the family Linyphiidae from the Tanzanian mountain areas Usambara, Uluguru and Rungwe, Annales du Musee royal d'Afrique Centrale. Sciences Zoologiques, 248, 1 - 61." type="journal article" year="1986">Jocqué &amp; Scharff, 1986</bibRefCitation>
(
<bibRefCitation id="33294B3E6D70FFFDFD3B73CBFC6DF842" author="Jocque" box="[691,957,1947,1972]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refString="Jocque, R. &amp; Scharff, N. (1986) Spiders (Araneae) of the family Linyphiidae from the Tanzanian mountain areas Usambara, Uluguru and Rungwe, Annales du Musee royal d'Afrique Centrale. Sciences Zoologiques, 248, 1 - 61." type="journal article" year="1986">Jocqué &amp; Scharff 1986</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. The adjacent Mkomazi Game Reserve is the area with the highest number of species of 
<taxonomicName id="90B84D4C6D70FFFDFD3A73E8FCFBF82E" box="[690,811,1983,2008]" class="Arachnida" family="Zodariidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Zodariidae</taxonomicName>
in the world (
<bibRefCitation id="33294B3E6D70FFFCFC5873E8FE62FF46" author="Haddad" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refString="Haddad, C. R. &amp; Russell-Smith, A. (2010) Spider family composition and species richness patterns in two savannah habitats along the eastern coastal plain of Africa, African Journal of Ecology, 48, 418 - 427. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2028.2009.01128. x" type="journal article" year="2010">Haddad &amp; Russell-Smith 2010; Russell- Smith &amp; Jocqué, in press</bibRefCitation>
). Nevertheless, the distance between the core distribution of 
<taxonomicName id="90B84D4C6D71FFFCFBDC74CFFB7FFF46" box="[1108,1199,152,176]" class="Arachnida" family="Zodariidae" genus="Suffasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D71FFFCFBDC74CFFB7FFF46" box="[1108,1199,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Suffasia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and its relatives (e.g. 
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D71FFFCFF1F74EBFE81FF22" box="[151,337,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Malayazodarion</emphasis>
Ono &amp; Hashim, 2008) in southwest Asia and that of 
<taxonomicName id="90B84D4C6D71FFFCFC5374EBFBE3FF22" box="[987,1075,188,212]" class="Arachnida" family="Zodariidae" genus="Suffrica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D71FFFCFC5374EBFBE3FF22" box="[987,1075,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Suffrica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
remains remarkable. There is, however, at least one other taxon with a similar distribution: a phasianid bird from 
<collectingCountry id="2FAF765F6D71FFFCFBBD7488FB4AFF0E" box="[1077,1178,223,248]" name="Tanzania" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
that has Indo-Malayan affinities (see 
<bibRefCitation id="33294B3E6D71FFFCFEBF7553FDC8FEEA" author="Dinesen" box="[311,536,260,285]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refString="Dinesen, L., Lehlberg, T., Svendsen, J. O., Hansen, L. A. &amp; Fjeldsa, J. (1994) A new genus and species of perdicine bird (Phasianidae, Perdicini) from Tanzania; a relict form with Indo-Malayan affinities, Ibis, 136, 3 - 11. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1474 - 919 X. 1994. tb 08125. x" type="journal article" year="1994">
Dinesen 
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D71FFFCFE137552FE04FEEA" box="[411,468,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">et al.</emphasis>
1994
</bibRefCitation>
). These authors argue that opportunities for interchange of forest biota between tropical Africa and the Orient may well have existed in the mid-Miocene, before desertification and rifting of the Red Sea isolated the two regions. This implies that the Eastern Arc is an example of a mountain refugium as explained in 
<bibRefCitation id="33294B3E6D71FFFCFEAF7527FDD9FE7E" box="[295,521,368,392]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refString="Jocque R., Alderweireldt, M. &amp; Dippenaar-Schoeman, A. S. (2013) Biodiversity, an African perspective. In: Penney, D. (Ed.), Spider research in the 21 st Century. Siri Scientific Press, pp. 18 - 57." type="book chapter">
Jocqué 
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D71FFFCFEF47526FE64FE7E" box="[380,436,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">et al.</emphasis>
(2013)
</bibRefCitation>
. The occurrence of 
<taxonomicName id="90B84D4C6D71FFFCFD6E7527FC83FE7E" box="[742,851,368,392]" class="Arachnida" family="Zodariidae" genus="Suffrica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chawia">
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D71FFFCFD6E7527FC83FE7E" box="[742,851,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">S. chawia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on only one of the Taita Hills, the 
<taxonomicName id="90B84D4C6D71FFFCFB517538FAFFFE7E" box="[1241,1327,367,392]" class="Arachnida" family="Zodariidae" genus="Suffrica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chawia">Chawia</taxonomicName>
Forest, is another indication that this is a relic distribution. The other forests in that chain of weathered old mountains were very thoroughly sampled (see 
<bibRefCitation id="33294B3E6D71FFFCFE7A75E0FD20FE26" author="Warui" box="[498,752,439,464]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refString="Warui, C. &amp; Jocque, R. (2002) The first Gallieniellidae (Araneae) from Eastern Africa. Journal of Arachnology, 30, 307 - 315. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1636 / 0161 - 8202 (2002) 030 [0307: TFGAFE] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2002">Warui &amp; Jocqué 2002</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="33294B3E6D71FFFCFD7575E0FBC3FE26" author="Polotow" box="[765,1043,439,464]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refString="Polotow, D. &amp; Jocque, R. (2014) The new spider genus Arctenus, an Afrotropical representative of the Calocteninae (Araneae, Ctenidae), Journal of Arachnology, 42, 240 - 247. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1636 / 0161 - 8202 - 42.3.240" type="journal article" year="2014">Polotow &amp; Jocqué 2014</bibRefCitation>
) but do apparently not harbor this species.
</paragraph>
<caption id="03C766476D71FFFCFF1F7349FE3CF838" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288886/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" targetBox="[226,1359,553,1800]" targetPageId="19">
<paragraph id="570736CF6D71FFFCFF1F7349FE3CF838" blockId="19.[151,1436,1822,1998]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D71FFFCFF1F7349FE86F8C2" bold="true" box="[151,342,1822,1844]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">FIGURES 74–81.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="90B84D4C6D71FFFCFED67349FE09F8C3" box="[350,473,1822,1845]" class="Arachnida" family="Zodariidae" genus="Suffrica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D71FFFCFED67349FE09F8C3" box="[350,473,1822,1845]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Suffrica gus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7EFF57A66D71FFFCFE6A7349FDCDF8C2" box="[482,541,1822,1844]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" rank="species">
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D71FFFCFE6A7349FDCDF8C2" bold="true" box="[482,541,1822,1844]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, SEM view of male and female (CAS); (74) male habitus, antero-dorsal view, arrows points to the abdominal glandular outlet; (75) male abdomen, dorsal view, arrows points to the abdominal glandular outlet; (76) male detail of the glandular outlet, dorsal view; (77) abdominal glandular outlet of the female, dorsal view; (78) as previous, detail; (79) male, inner view of the abdomen dorsum, arrow indicates the abdominal glandular outlet; (80) as previous, inner view of the glandular outlet; (81) as previous, detail, slightly oblique view. Scale bars (74, 75) = 0.5 mm; (76, 77, 80) = 50 µm; (78, 81) = 50 µm; (79) = 100 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="03C766476D76FFFBFF1F707EFDBEFB6D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288887/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" targetBox="[226,1360,193,1043]" targetPageId="20">
<paragraph id="570736CF6D76FFFBFF1F707EFDBEFB6D" blockId="20.[151,1436,1065,1179]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D76FFFBFF1F707EFE85FBC9" bold="true" box="[151,341,1065,1087]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">FIGURES 82–85.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="90B84D4C6D76FFFBFED4707EFE07FBC9" box="[348,471,1065,1087]" class="Arachnida" family="Zodariidae" genus="Suffrica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D76FFFBFED4707EFE07FBC9" box="[348,471,1065,1087]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Suffrica gus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7EFF57A66D76FFFBFE56707EFDC8FBC9" box="[478,536,1065,1087]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" rank="species">
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D76FFFBFE56707EFDC8FBC9" bold="true" box="[478,536,1065,1087]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, SEM views of female (CAS). (82) distal part of metatarsus of leg II with detail on the chisel shaped setae, ventro-prolateral view, arrows point to the terminal ramified spines; (83) tarsal claw of leg III, anterodorsal view; (84) proximal part of tarsus of leg I, dorsal, slightly oblique view, asterisk indicates the tarsal organ; (85) left palpal tarsus, dorsal view. Scale bars = 50 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="570736CF6D76FFFBFF4F7095FE69FA21" blockId="20.[151,1437,1218,2035]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D76FFFBFF4F7095FD81FB2D" bold="true" box="[199,593,1218,1243]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Abdominal and epigynal glands.</emphasis>
Spiders possess a wide variety of exocrine glands but most studies have focused on the silk and venom glands (e.g. 
<bibRefCitation id="33294B3E6D76FFFBFD2870B1FCFEFB09" author="Foelix" box="[672,814,1254,1279]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Foelix, R. F. (2011) Biology of Spiders. Third Edition. Oxford University Press. Oxford, 432 pp." type="book" year="2011">Foelix 2011</bibRefCitation>
). However, whereas the role of these glands is quite obvious, the role of the secretions produced by other glands is not always clear. These secretions may be involved in sexual interactions including plugging of the epigyne, defensive behavior, predation and intraspecific communication (e.g. 
<bibRefCitation id="33294B3E6D76FFFBFE0C7105FDFCFA9D" author="Eberhard" box="[388,556,1362,1387]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Eberhard, W. G. (1980) The natural history and behavior of the bolas spider Mastophora dizzydeani sp. n. (Araneidae). Psyche 87, 143 - 169. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1155 / 1980 / 81062" type="journal article" year="1980">Eberhard 1980</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="33294B3E6D76FFFBFDBF7104FD10FA9D" author="Lopez" box="[567,704,1363,1387]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Lopez, A. (1998) L'origine des odeurs attractives de papillons et de dipteres males chez certaines araignees exotiques (genres Kaira, Mastophora et Celaenia: Araneidae): une approche histologique. Bulletin de la Societe d'Etude des Sciences Naturelles de Beziers, 17 (58), 9 - 21." type="journal article" year="1998">Lopez 1998</bibRefCitation>
). On the ventral side of the abdomen, at the level of the epigastric furrow, epigastric glands have been found in both male and female spiders belonging to various families (
<bibRefCitation id="33294B3E6D76FFFBFADC7120FF02FA45" author="Lopez" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Lopez, A. (1974) Glandes epigastriques et classification des Araneides, Bulletin de l'Association des Anatomistes, 58, 899 - 904." type="journal article" year="1974">Lopez 1974</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="33294B3E6D76FFFBFF5571CCFEC8FA45" author="Lopez" box="[221,280,1435,1459]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Lopez, A. (1984) Some observations on the internal anatomy of Diguetia canities (McCook, 1890) (Araneae, Diguetidae), Journal of Arachnology, 11, 377 - 384." type="journal article" year="1984">1984</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="33294B3E6D76FFFBFEAC71CCFE2AFA45" author="Kovoor" box="[292,506,1434,1459]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Kovoor, J., Lopez, A. &amp; Emerit, M. (1981) Des glandes tegumentaires particulieres aux femelles chez Leptyphantes sanctivincentii et Linyphia triangularis (Araneae, Linyphiidae), Atti della Societa Toscana di Scienze Naturali, Memorie Serie B, 88 (Suppl.), 53 - 60." type="journal article" year="1981">
Kovoor 
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D76FFFBFE0871CCFE68FA44" box="[384,440,1434,1458]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">et al.</emphasis>
1981
</bibRefCitation>
). Their role is still uncertain and they appear to have a distinct function in each sex (
<bibRefCitation id="33294B3E6D76FFFBFF1671E9FE7DFA21" author="Pekar" box="[158,429,1470,1495]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Pekar, S. &amp; Sobotnik, J. (2007) Comparative study of the femoral organ in Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae), Arthropod Structure &amp; Development, 36, 105 - 112. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. asd. 2006.08.005" type="journal article" year="2007">Pekár &amp; Šobotník 2007</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="570736CF6D76FFFBFF4F71B4FAFCF901" blockId="20.[151,1437,1218,2035]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
So far, no glands have been reported from the dorsum of the abdomen. In 
<taxonomicName id="90B84D4C6D76FFFBFBBD71B5FB5DFA0C" box="[1077,1165,1506,1530]" class="Arachnida" family="Zodariidae" genus="Suffrica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D76FFFBFBBD71B5FB5DFA0C" box="[1077,1165,1506,1530]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Suffrica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, both male and female possess a glandular outlet on the dorsal side of the abdomen. This glandular outlet is visible as an oval area situated anterior to the mid-dorsum (
<figureCitation id="CF832A4A6D76FFFBFE53727DFDF6F9B5" box="[475,550,1578,1603]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 – 9" captionStartId="4.[151,264,963,985]" captionTargetBox="[227,1360,183,941]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[227,1360,183,941]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 6 – 9. Suffrica chawia sp. n., male paratype (MRAC 221982), SEM views. (6) habitus, dorso-lateral view, arrow points to the glandular outlet; (7) prosoma, dorso-lateral view; (8) abdominal glandular structure (arrow), dorsal view; (9) as previous, detail. Scale bars (6, 7) = 0.5 mm; (8) = 50 µm; (9) = 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288871/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Figs 6</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="CF832A4A6D76FFFBFDBD727DFD83F9B5" box="[565,595,1578,1603]" captionStart="FIGURES 35 – 41" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1852,1874]" captionTargetBox="[227,1360,506,1829]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[227,1360,506,1830]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 35 – 41. Suffrica exotica sp. n., male and female paratype (MRAC 215732), SEM views; (35) male habitus, dorsal view; (36) male carapace, anterior view; (37) male, detail of the abdominal gland, dorsal view; (38) male, fovea region, dorsolateral view; (39) female, labium and endites, ventral view, arrow points to the special asymmetrical setae on the endites; (40) female, antero-mesal part of the left endite with detailed view on the asymmetrical setae; (41) female, anterior part of chelicerae, ventral view, asterisks indicate two slanting teeth on the promarging and arrow points to the small sharp tooth on the retromargin. Scale bars (35, 36) = 0.5 mm; (38) = 50 µm; (39) = 100 µm; (37, 40) = 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288878/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">35</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="CF832A4A6D76FFFBFDE9727DFDAFF9B5" box="[609,639,1578,1603]" captionStart="FIGURES 46 – 53" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1751,1773]" captionTargetBox="[226,1360,733,1730]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[226,1360,733,1730]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 46 – 53. Suffrica exotica sp. n., female paratype (MRAC 215732), SEM views; (46) abdomen, lateral, slightly dorsal view, arrow indicates the abdominal gland pores; (47) detail of the abdominal gland, dorso-lateral view; (48) detail of the right palpal claw, dorsal view; (49) overview of the spinnerets, anterior view; (50) posterior lateral spinnerets and median spinnerets, anterior view; (51) anterior lateral spinnerets, antero-lateral view; (52) as previous, anterior view; (53) as previous, detail. Scale bars (46) = 0.5 mm; (47, 50 – 53) = 10 µm; (48, 49) = 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288880/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">46</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="CF832A4A6D76FFFBFD05727DFD7BF9B5" box="[653,683,1578,1603]" captionStart="FIGURES 64 – 66" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[301,1282,626,1930]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[280,1307,614,1932]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 64 – 66. Suffrica gus sp. n., male and female paratype (CAS); (64) male habitus, dorsal view; (65) as previous, detail of the abdomen, arrow points to the abdominal glandular outlet; (66) female habitus, dorsal view. Scale bar (64, 66) = 1 mm; (65) = 0, 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288883/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">65</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="CF832A4A6D76FFFBFD31727CFCD2F9B5" box="[697,770,1578,1603]" captionStart="FIGURES 74 – 81" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1822,1844]" captionTargetBox="[226,1359,553,1800]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[226,1360,553,1801]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 74 – 81. Suffrica gus sp. n., SEM view of male and female (CAS); (74) male habitus, antero-dorsal view, arrows points to the abdominal glandular outlet; (75) male abdomen, dorsal view, arrows points to the abdominal glandular outlet; (76) male detail of the glandular outlet, dorsal view; (77) abdominal glandular outlet of the female, dorsal view; (78) as previous, detail; (79) male, inner view of the abdomen dorsum, arrow indicates the abdominal glandular outlet; (80) as previous, inner view of the glandular outlet; (81) as previous, detail, slightly oblique view. Scale bars (74, 75) = 0.5 mm; (76, 77, 80) = 50 µm; (78, 81) = 50 µm; (79) = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288886/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">74, 75</figureCitation>
) and has a granulate surface provided with small, smooth setae and a few tiny pores which are not always visible (
<figureCitation id="CF832A4A6D76FFFBFC947219FC53F991" box="[796,899,1614,1639]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 – 9" captionStartId="4.[151,264,963,985]" captionTargetBox="[227,1360,183,941]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[227,1360,183,941]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 6 – 9. Suffrica chawia sp. n., male paratype (MRAC 221982), SEM views. (6) habitus, dorso-lateral view, arrow points to the glandular outlet; (7) prosoma, dorso-lateral view; (8) abdominal glandular structure (arrow), dorsal view; (9) as previous, detail. Scale bars (6, 7) = 0.5 mm; (8) = 50 µm; (9) = 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288871/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Figs 8, 9</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="CF832A4A6D76FFFBFC187218FC7FF991" box="[912,943,1615,1639]" captionStart="FIGURES 35 – 41" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1852,1874]" captionTargetBox="[227,1360,506,1829]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[227,1360,506,1830]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 35 – 41. Suffrica exotica sp. n., male and female paratype (MRAC 215732), SEM views; (35) male habitus, dorsal view; (36) male carapace, anterior view; (37) male, detail of the abdominal gland, dorsal view; (38) male, fovea region, dorsolateral view; (39) female, labium and endites, ventral view, arrow points to the special asymmetrical setae on the endites; (40) female, antero-mesal part of the left endite with detailed view on the asymmetrical setae; (41) female, anterior part of chelicerae, ventral view, asterisks indicate two slanting teeth on the promarging and arrow points to the small sharp tooth on the retromargin. Scale bars (35, 36) = 0.5 mm; (38) = 50 µm; (39) = 100 µm; (37, 40) = 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288878/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">37</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="CF832A4A6D76FFFBFC347218FC0AF991" box="[956,986,1615,1639]" captionStart="FIGURES 46 – 53" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1751,1773]" captionTargetBox="[226,1360,733,1730]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[226,1360,733,1730]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 46 – 53. Suffrica exotica sp. n., female paratype (MRAC 215732), SEM views; (46) abdomen, lateral, slightly dorsal view, arrow indicates the abdominal gland pores; (47) detail of the abdominal gland, dorso-lateral view; (48) detail of the right palpal claw, dorsal view; (49) overview of the spinnerets, anterior view; (50) posterior lateral spinnerets and median spinnerets, anterior view; (51) anterior lateral spinnerets, antero-lateral view; (52) as previous, anterior view; (53) as previous, detail. Scale bars (46) = 0.5 mm; (47, 50 – 53) = 10 µm; (48, 49) = 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288880/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">47</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="CF832A4A6D76FFFBFC6F7219FBE1F991" box="[999,1073,1614,1639]" captionStart="FIGURES 74 – 81" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1822,1844]" captionTargetBox="[226,1359,553,1800]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[226,1360,553,1801]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 74 – 81. Suffrica gus sp. n., SEM view of male and female (CAS); (74) male habitus, antero-dorsal view, arrows points to the abdominal glandular outlet; (75) male abdomen, dorsal view, arrows points to the abdominal glandular outlet; (76) male detail of the glandular outlet, dorsal view; (77) abdominal glandular outlet of the female, dorsal view; (78) as previous, detail; (79) male, inner view of the abdomen dorsum, arrow indicates the abdominal glandular outlet; (80) as previous, inner view of the glandular outlet; (81) as previous, detail, slightly oblique view. Scale bars (74, 75) = 0.5 mm; (76, 77, 80) = 50 µm; (78, 81) = 50 µm; (79) = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288886/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
76 
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D76FFFBFB8B7218FBC1F990" box="[1027,1041,1615,1638]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">–</emphasis>
78
</figureCitation>
). Internally, the glandular outlet looks like a perforated area, with pits of different sizes: the larger pits correspond to the base of the setae and the smaller ones accommodate the outlet of a flat, oval gland (
<figureCitation id="CF832A4A6D76FFFBFCA872C1FC71F959" box="[800,929,1686,1711]" captionStart="FIGURES 74 – 81" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1822,1844]" captionTargetBox="[226,1359,553,1800]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[226,1360,553,1801]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 74 – 81. Suffrica gus sp. n., SEM view of male and female (CAS); (74) male habitus, antero-dorsal view, arrows points to the abdominal glandular outlet; (75) male abdomen, dorsal view, arrows points to the abdominal glandular outlet; (76) male detail of the glandular outlet, dorsal view; (77) abdominal glandular outlet of the female, dorsal view; (78) as previous, detail; (79) male, inner view of the abdomen dorsum, arrow indicates the abdominal glandular outlet; (80) as previous, inner view of the glandular outlet; (81) as previous, detail, slightly oblique view. Scale bars (74, 75) = 0.5 mm; (76, 77, 80) = 50 µm; (78, 81) = 50 µm; (79) = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288886/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Figs 79 
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D76FFFBFCFC72C0FC52F958" box="[884,898,1687,1710]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">–</emphasis>
81
</figureCitation>
). The flat appearance is doubtlessly the result of the digestion and drying processes during which the glands collapsed. They are probably either cylindrical or ampullate. A similar effect could also explain the flat appearance of the “lollipop” glands in the epigyne.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="570736CF6D76FFFBFF4F7355FB58F85D" blockId="20.[151,1437,1218,2035]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
The epigynal glands appear to be organized in two parts: the proximal part is balloon-shaped, and the distal part tube-shaped or pedicel-like, entering in a large pit in the tegument and leading to a tiny pore in the outer surface. The size difference of the pores in the outer and inner side may be surprising. In Foelix (2010) (fig. 2.33C p.46), one can see a section of a dermal gland and the important constriction of the canal at the level of the outer cuticle. Furthermore, it could be traced for the “lollipop” epigynal gland (see 
<figureCitation id="CF832A4A6D76FFFBFC7373C5FBABF85D" box="[1019,1147,1938,1963]" captionStart="FIGURES 60 – 63" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1103,1125]" captionTargetBox="[226,1360,193,1081]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[226,1360,193,1081]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 60 – 63. Suffrica exotica sp. n., female paratype (MRAC 215732), SEM views of genitalia indicating the link between the tiny pore and the “ lollipop ” glands; (60) epigyne, ventral view; (61) as previous, detail; (62) vulva, dorsal view; (63) as previous, detail. S = setae, O = opening. Asterisks indicate the outlets of the “ lollipop ” glands. Scale bars (60, 62) = 50 µm; (61, 63) = 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288882/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Figs 60 
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D76FFFBFBC673C4FB8CF85C" box="[1102,1116,1939,1962]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">–</emphasis>
63
</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="570736CF6D76FFFBFF4F73E1FDF4F805" blockId="20.[151,1437,1218,2035]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">The role of neither the dorsal abdominal glands nor the “lollipop” epigynal glands are known, and histological studies are needed to classify them.</paragraph>
<caption id="03C766476D77FFFAFF1F707DFF24FB4C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288888/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" targetBox="[226,1360,193,1044]" targetPageId="21">
<paragraph id="570736CF6D77FFFAFF1F707DFF24FB4C" blockId="21.[151,1436,1066,1210]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D77FFFAFF1F707DFE83FBB6" bold="true" box="[151,339,1066,1088]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">FIGURES 86–89.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="90B84D4C6D77FFFAFED1707DFE02FBB6" box="[345,466,1066,1088]" class="Arachnida" family="Zodariidae" genus="Suffrica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D77FFFAFED1707DFE02FBB6" box="[345,466,1066,1088]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Suffrica gus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7EFF57A66D77FFFAFE50707DFDC1FBB6" box="[472,529,1066,1088]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rank="species">
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D77FFFAFE50707DFDC1FBB6" bold="true" box="[472,529,1066,1088]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(CAS), SEM views of the male palp; (86) detail of the tibial apophyses, retrolateral view; (87) detail of the median apophysis, ventral view; (88) detail of the tegular apophysis, ventral view, arrow points to the small triangular extension on the embolus; (89) detail of the conductor, anterior view, arrows indicate the thin, needle-like extensions on the retromargin of the conductor. 
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D77FFFAFD8170D2FDCBFB6D" bold="true" box="[521,539,1157,1179]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">C</emphasis>
= conductor, 
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D77FFFAFD2E70D2FD67FB6D" bold="true" box="[678,695,1157,1179]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">E</emphasis>
= embolus, 
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D77FFFAFCBC70D2FC8EFB6D" bold="true" box="[820,862,1157,1179]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">MA</emphasis>
= median apophysis, 
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D77FFFAFBB370D2FB8AFB6D" bold="true" box="[1083,1114,1157,1179]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">TA</emphasis>
= tegular apophysis. Scale bars = 50 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="570736CF6D77FFFAFF4F70B6FE49F970" blockId="21.[151,1437,1249,2030]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D77FFFAFF4F70B6FE57FB0C" bold="true" box="[199,391,1249,1274]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Femoral Organ.</emphasis>
The first observation of a femoral organ in 
<taxonomicName id="90B84D4C6D77FFFAFCE570B6FC36FB0C" box="[877,998,1249,1274]" class="Arachnida" family="Zodariidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Zodariidae</taxonomicName>
was made by 
<bibRefCitation id="33294B3E6D77FFFAFB0C70B6FAF3FB0C" author="Tucker" box="[1156,1315,1249,1274]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refString="Tucker, R. W. E. (1920) Contribution to the South African arachnid fauna II. On some new South African spiders of the families Barychelidae, Dipluridae, Eresidae, Zodariidae, Heradiidae, Urocteidae, Clubionidae. Annals of the South African Museum, 17, 439 - 488." type="journal article" year="1920">Tucker (1920)</bibRefCitation>
on several 
<taxonomicName id="90B84D4C6D77FFFAFF1F7150FF32FAE8" box="[151,226,1287,1310]" class="Arachnida" family="Zodariidae" genus="Diores" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D77FFFAFF1F7150FF32FAE8" box="[151,226,1287,1310]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Diores</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species from 
<collectingCountry id="2FAF765F6D77FFFAFE097152FDC5FAE8" box="[385,533,1285,1310]" name="South Africa" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">South Africa</collectingCountry>
. He mentioned a “distinct patch of short spiniform bristles” on the distal part of legs I 
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D77FFFAFF5F717DFF35FAB7" box="[215,229,1322,1345]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">–</emphasis>
III, “giving the appearance of a sense organ”. The femoral organ was later found in different genera by 
<bibRefCitation id="33294B3E6D77FFFAFF1F7119FE4DFA90" author="Jocque" box="[151,413,1357,1382]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refString="Jocque, R. &amp; Billen, J. (1987) The femoral organ of the Zodariinae (Araneae, Zodariidae), Revue de Zoologie africaine, 101, 165 - 170." type="journal article" year="1987">Jocqué &amp; Billen (1987)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="33294B3E6D77FFFAFE5B7119FDA5FA90" author="Jocque" box="[467,629,1358,1382]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refString="Jocque, R. (1988) La glande femorale des Zodariinae (Araneae, Zodariidae), Bulletin de la Societe Scientifique de Bretagne, 59, 109 - 114." type="journal article" year="1988">Jocqué (1988)</bibRefCitation>
. Their studies showed a remarkable range of variation in the structure of the gland outlet and of the bristles associated with it. A detailed study (
<bibRefCitation id="33294B3E6D77FFFAFC5C7126FB37FA7C" author="Pekar" box="[980,1255,1393,1418]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refString="Pekar, S. &amp; Sobotnik, J. (2007) Comparative study of the femoral organ in Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae), Arthropod Structure &amp; Development, 36, 105 - 112. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. asd. 2006.08.005" type="journal article" year="2007">Pekár &amp; Šobotník 2007</bibRefCitation>
) of the femoral gland itself in the genus 
<taxonomicName id="90B84D4C6D77FFFAFE4E71C1FDFEFA58" box="[454,558,1430,1454]" class="Arachnida" family="Zodariidae" genus="Zodarion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D77FFFAFE4E71C1FDFEFA58" box="[454,558,1430,1454]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Zodarion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
clearly demonstrated its role as an exocrine gland. Although it has been suggested that the gland produces a volatile compound, the composition of the secretion is unknown and the exact role of the femoral organs remains obscure. However, as most of the Zodariinae with these glands are specialised consumers of ants or termites, it is assumed that they may be involved in the predation of these insects (
<bibRefCitation id="33294B3E6D77FFFAFAA77255FE1BF9C8" author="Jocque" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refString="Jocque, R. &amp; Dippenaar-Schoeman, A. S. (1992) Two new termite-eating species (Araneae, Zodariidae) and some observations on unique prey immobilization, Journal of Natural History, 26, 1405 - 1412. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939200770781" type="journal article" year="1992">Jocqué &amp; Dippenaar-Schoeman 1992</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="33294B3E6D77FFFAFE5E7272FD88F9C8" author="Pekar" box="[470,600,1573,1598]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refString="Pekar, S. (2004) Predatory behavior of two European ant-eating spiders (Araneae, Zodariidae), Journal of Arachnology, 32 (1), 31 - 41. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1636 / S 02 - 15" type="journal article" year="2004">Pekár 2004</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="33294B3E6D77FFFAFDEB7272FCF5F9C8" author="Pekar" box="[611,805,1573,1598]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refString="Pekar, S., Toft, S., Hruskova, M. &amp; Mayntz, D. (2008) Dietary and prey-capture adaptations by which Zodarion germanicum, an ant-eating spider (Araneae: Zodariidae), specialises on the Formicinae. Naturwissenschaften, 95, 233 - 239. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00114 - 007 - 0322 - 3" type="journal article" year="2008">
Pekár 
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D77FFFAFD217270FD31F9C8" box="[681,737,1574,1598]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">et al.</emphasis>
2008
</bibRefCitation>
). The gland might produce a secretion imitating the prey ant’s pheromone rendering the attack less hazardous (
<bibRefCitation id="33294B3E6D77FFFAFD77721DFC41F994" author="Jocque" box="[767,913,1610,1634]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refString="Jocque, R. (1988) La glande femorale des Zodariinae (Araneae, Zodariidae), Bulletin de la Societe Scientifique de Bretagne, 59, 109 - 114." type="journal article" year="1988">Jocqué 1988</bibRefCitation>
) or a product that could prevent intraspecific attacks or cannibalism.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="570736CF6D77FFFAFF4F72C6FAF7F8A9" blockId="21.[151,1437,1249,2030]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
The femoral organ may be qualified as “simple” when it consists of a few smooth setae in a shallow depression provided with pores (i.e. 
<taxonomicName id="90B84D4C6D77FFFAFE3672E1FDC8F938" box="[446,536,1718,1742]" class="Arachnida" family="Zodariidae" genus="Suffasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D77FFFAFE3672E1FDC8F938" box="[446,536,1718,1742]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Suffasia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="90B84D4C6D77FFFAFDA172E1FD52F938" box="[553,642,1718,1742]" class="Arachnida" family="Zodariidae" genus="Suffrica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D77FFFAFDA172E1FD52F938" box="[553,642,1718,1742]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Suffrica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="90B84D4C6D77FFFAFD3772E1FCC0F93B" box="[703,784,1718,1741]" class="Arachnida" family="Zodariidae" genus="Asceua" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D77FFFAFD3772E1FCC0F93B" box="[703,784,1718,1741]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Asceua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(pers. obs.)) or may be considered “complicated” when provided with barbed setae (i.e. 
<taxonomicName id="90B84D4C6D77FFFAFD98728DFDA8F904" box="[528,632,1754,1778]" class="Arachnida" family="Zodariidae" genus="Zodarion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D77FFFAFD98728DFDA8F904" box="[528,632,1754,1778]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Zodarion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="90B84D4C6D77FFFAFD02728DFD05F907" box="[650,725,1754,1777]" class="Arachnida" family="Zodariidae" genus="Diores" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D77FFFAFD02728DFD05F907" box="[650,725,1754,1777]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Diores</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, …). In rare cases it is encapsulated in a deep alveolus (e.g. 
<taxonomicName id="90B84D4C6D77FFFAFF1F72A9FED2F8E0" box="[151,258,1790,1814]" class="Arachnida" family="Zodariidae" genus="Heradida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D77FFFAFF1F72A9FED2F8E0" box="[151,258,1790,1814]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Heradida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). 
<bibRefCitation id="33294B3E6D77FFFAFE9372A9FE6BF8E0" author="Jocque" box="[283,443,1790,1814]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refString="Jocque, R. (1991) A generic revision of the spider family Zodariidae (Araneae), Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 201, 1 - 160." type="journal article" year="1991">Jocqué (1991)</bibRefCitation>
even postulated a hierarchical evolution of these femoral organs from the simple form towards the more complicated one. However, this hypothesis should be tested in a cladistic analysis. A detailed study of the morphology and distribution of the femoral organ in the subfamily Zodariinae is under way.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="570736CF6D77FFF9FF4F733EFE2CFEB6" blockId="21.[151,1437,1249,2030]" lastBlockId="22.[151,1436,151,464]" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Until now it was thought that in most Zodariinae, only a single organ was present on each of the femora on which the gland is found (e.g. 
<bibRefCitation id="33294B3E6D77FFFAFE7A73DAFCD2F850" author="Pekar" box="[498,770,1933,1958]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refString="Pekar, S. &amp; Sobotnik, J. (2007) Comparative study of the femoral organ in Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae), Arthropod Structure &amp; Development, 36, 105 - 112. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. asd. 2006.08.005" type="journal article" year="2007">Pekár &amp; Šobotník 2007</bibRefCitation>
). Here we clearly show that in 
<taxonomicName id="90B84D4C6D77FFFAFBEC73D9FB6DF850" box="[1124,1213,1934,1958]" class="Arachnida" family="Zodariidae" genus="Suffrica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D77FFFAFBEC73D9FB6DF850" box="[1124,1213,1934,1958]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Suffrica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the gland is double and occurs on the pro- and retrolateral side of the distal part of the femora. A scan of other genera reveals that a similar set-up with a double gland is also present in 
<taxonomicName id="90B84D4C6D77FFFAFCAC7381FCA5F81B" box="[804,885,2006,2029]" class="Arachnida" family="Zodariidae" genus="Asceua" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D77FFFAFCAC7381FCA5F81B" box="[804,885,2006,2029]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Asceua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="90B84D4C6D77FFFAFC027381FC34F818" box="[906,996,2006,2030]" class="Arachnida" family="Zodariidae" genus="Suffasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D77FFFAFC027381FC34F818" box="[906,996,2006,2030]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Suffasia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and some undescribed species from 
<collectingCountry id="2FAF765F6D74FFF9FF1F74C0FEF1FF46" box="[151,289,151,176]" name="Madagascar" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
. It is worth to recall that in 
<bibRefCitation id="33294B3E6D74FFF9FDD674CFFCD1FF46" author="Jocque" box="[606,769,152,176]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Jocque, R. (1991) A generic revision of the spider family Zodariidae (Araneae), Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 201, 1 - 160." type="journal article" year="1991">Jocqué (1991)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<taxonomicName id="90B84D4C6D74FFF9FC8574CFFC8EFF59" box="[781,862,152,175]" class="Arachnida" family="Zodariidae" genus="Asceua" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D74FFF9FC8574CFFC8EFF59" box="[781,862,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Asceua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was placed in the subfamily Storeninae because it has the chisel-shaped setae whereas 
<taxonomicName id="90B84D4C6D74FFF9FDB974EBFD5CFF22" box="[561,652,188,212]" class="Arachnida" family="Zodariidae" genus="Suffasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D74FFF9FDB974EBFD5CFF22" box="[561,652,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Suffasia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was part of the Zodariinae as it has the femoral organ. Actually, both these genera are characterized by the presence of preening brushes with chisel-shaped setae (characteristic for the Storeninae) and two femoral organs present on each femur. As a consequence, Jocqué (1992) fused the two subfamilies into the Zodariinae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="570736CF6D74FFF9FF4F751AFB34FE26" blockId="22.[151,1436,151,464]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
However, the external structure of the dual femoral organs appears different from the unique, barbed-setae ones in the other Zodariinae (sensu 
<bibRefCitation id="33294B3E6D74FFF9FDBE7527FD19FE7E" author="Jocque" box="[566,713,368,392]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Jocque, R. (1991) A generic revision of the spider family Zodariidae (Araneae), Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 201, 1 - 160." type="journal article" year="1991">Jocqué 1991</bibRefCitation>
). 
<bibRefCitation id="33294B3E6D74FFF9FD577538FBD2FE7E" author="Pekar" box="[735,1026,367,392]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Pekar, S. &amp; Sobotnik, J. (2007) Comparative study of the femoral organ in Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae), Arthropod Structure &amp; Development, 36, 105 - 112. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. asd. 2006.08.005" type="journal article" year="2007">Pekár &amp; Šobotník (2007)</bibRefCitation>
also noted major differences in the internal structure of the gland between 
<taxonomicName id="90B84D4C6D74FFF9FDC575C3FD78FE5A" box="[589,680,404,428]" class="Arachnida" family="Zodariidae" genus="Suffasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D74FFF9FDC575C3FD78FE5A" box="[589,680,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Suffasia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(studied in 
<bibRefCitation id="33294B3E6D74FFF9FCA475C3FBF2FE5A" author="Jocque" box="[812,1058,404,429]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Jocque, R. &amp; Billen, J. (1987) The femoral organ of the Zodariinae (Araneae, Zodariidae), Revue de Zoologie africaine, 101, 165 - 170." type="journal article" year="1987">Jocqué &amp; Billen 1987</bibRefCitation>
) and 
<taxonomicName id="90B84D4C6D74FFF9FBE875C3FB18FE5A" box="[1120,1224,404,428]" class="Arachnida" family="Zodariidae" genus="Zodarion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="65CCEADD6D74FFF9FBE875C3FB18FE5A" box="[1120,1224,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Zodarion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This may provide an argument for the resurrection of the subfamily Storeninae, that will be tested in future analyses.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>