559 lines
77 KiB
XML
559 lines
77 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="31126" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.91.21465" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b69ae625-e97f-48f9-b698-42ae0b60ae1d" ID-PMC="PMC5769679" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-91-139" ID-Pensoft-UUID="D16CC228FF96FFDF6704FFE09506FFC0" ID-PubMed="29362549" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1138417" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1314-2003-91-139" ModsDocOrigin="PhytoKeys 91" ModsDocTitle="Morphological and anatomical evidence support a new wild cassava: Manihotfallax (Crotonoideae, Euphorbiaceae), from Mato Grosso, Brazil" checkinTime="1513709051200" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Silva, Marcos Jose da, Inocencio, Lais de Souza, Sodre, Rodolfo Carneiro & Alonso, Alexandre Antonio" docDate="2017" docId="DEF0D8A9F77267159EA4FF9CDA46B404" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 91: 139-156" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 91" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.91.21465" docTitle="Manihot fallax M. J. Silva & L. S. Inocencio 2017, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" id="D16CC228FF96FFDF6704FFE09506FFC0" lastPageNumber="143" masterDocId="D16CC228FF96FFDF6704FFE09506FFC0" masterDocTitle="Morphological and anatomical evidence support a new wild cassava: Manihot fallax (Crotonoideae, Euphorbiaceae), from Mato Grosso, Brazil" masterLastPageNumber="156" masterPageNumber="139" pageNumber="140" updateTime="1732847916263" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="FEB729636AF4909AB33247BE9F8E15D0">Morphological and anatomical evidence support a new wild cassava: Manihot fallax (Crotonoideae, Euphorbiaceae), from Mato Grosso, Brazil</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="2CE81AECC2E2F22E56CD0E42327E2237" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="F5A5CF7DCB34CB48639E8AE2A04EC1E4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="DC7CF5179B1C86F2CB3891B14288E4AD">Silva, Marcos Jose da</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="6C4BF8F0BC2E29480F3EB63025C6D972">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="4D9EA1BF1E72879AEE5744BDB7989BE2">Inocencio, Lais de Souza</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="86ADE49AC22B6495E7332C43C30C5921">Sodre, Rodolfo Carneiro</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A61201152FD881DBF908232B14E76B01">Alonso, Alexandre Antonio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="9243A1BF1F27DA1DF809A78E1D214104">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="798046535D27B6FA4A3BA010B2C47237">PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="4B17DA0FEE60F2B5E9CC5DA7E5021647">
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<mods:date id="F289D94E12FB8C31304D6A4E795E45F6">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="098F5670749C0F62E825F8C8A01AAE46" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="E46619B904A605A8FFEF9E69FAB9A7D3">91</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="081F7CA4482FD8183AF423AFF7235D26">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.91.21465</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="73284AA30F50318B0972114D4E4FE3C3">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="7C6D8E49486AF4DA1849F0FF8D697A59" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.91.21465</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="48AE8A0E985AE40DA37CA79DFBEF2490" type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-91-139</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A2460786658CC81197852596AD66F6DE" type="Zenodo-Dep">1138417</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="DEF0D8A9F77267159EA4FF9CDA46B404" ID-GBIF-Taxon="139350472" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DEF0D8A9F77267159EA4FF9CDA46B404" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DEF0D8A9F77267159EA4FF9CDA46B404" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="143" pageId="1" pageNumber="140" scope_family="Euphorbiaceae">
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<subSubSection id="C8240F2EB0567DA73876BF32E79A133C" pageId="1" pageNumber="140" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="57BDEC0B2E8B3BA29408E3485CF94828" pageId="1" pageNumber="140">
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<taxonomicName id="5E288FBF4A337BC71204917AF96D45FA" ID-CoL="8WXP7" LSID="0741EA36-2860-5F96-82A2-AB37CFFB178E" authority="M. J. Silva & L. S. Inocencio" authorityName="M. J. Silva & L. S. Inocencio" authorityYear="2017" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Manihot" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Manihot fallax" order="Malpighiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="140" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fallax" status="sp. nov.">Manihot fallax M.J. Silva & L.S. Inocencio</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="C3A3B4B6FC718E23B475F9493EE1C68B" pageId="1" pageNumber="140">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation id="C763BE5F2C79D433F042D365DFE50F13" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Manihot fallax. A Habit B Staminate bracts C Staminate bracteole D Staminate bud E Staminate flower F Staminate flower with calyx split and open G Inner surface of the staminate calyx showing the trichomes H Pistillate bracts I Pistillate bracteole J Pistillate flower K Inner surface of the pistillate calyx showing the trichomes L Fruit M Seed, ventral side N Seed, dorsal side. Drawn by Cristiano Gualberto from the holotype." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.91.21465.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/175321" pageId="1" pageNumber="140">Figs 1</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="020AF0E42B4695B27B7997F2398E6C23" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Manihot fallax. A Habit B Leaves; note the spiral phyllotaxy C Inflorescence; note the showy bracts D Staminate flower, frontal view E. Pistillate flowers in the inflorescence, lateral view; note the free sepals F Fruit." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.91.21465.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/175322" pageId="1" pageNumber="140">, 2</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="AAA97D35B2AB0F105A6174FFE1B48516" pageId="1" pageNumber="140" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="E1ADEA2B8E1E14E1C520F794F7E3E702" pageId="1" pageNumber="140">Type:</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="37A3A9DE2952874321A7803EB51428F0" pageId="1" pageNumber="140">
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BRAZIL. Mato Grosso:
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<normalizedToken id="642C180C679404018BF57A9E78F28370" originalValue="Município">Municipio</normalizedToken>
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de Barra do
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<normalizedToken id="486569E4762E42DA72EE89301A7D5B16" originalValue="Garça">Garca</normalizedToken>
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, BR-158, na altura do km 726, margem esquerda da estrada no sentido Nova Xavantina, campo cerrado em encosta,
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<geoCoordinate id="6974526D9A2B2DFF71E12EDFE470871E" degrees="15" direction="south" minutes="17" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="9.7" value="-15.286028">15°17'9.7"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="8A0E679B351CA2F5AE33AE28A78A91FC" degrees="52" direction="west" minutes="11" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="15.5" value="-52.18764">52°11'15.5"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 385 m a.s.l., 26 Jan 2014, fl.,
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<emphasis id="4AB589B7A50F604C8E940568F13ECE34" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="140">L. S. Inocencio, A. O. Souza, L. L. C. Antunes, and C. C. Oliveira 293</emphasis>
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(holotype: UFG; isotypes: K, MO, NY).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="FEA7E5621AF54FB75EF0B71192288209" pageId="1" pageNumber="140" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="DDD2F79C80CA71D964D4743AFC36F183" pageId="1" pageNumber="140">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="77C7688A9A3464483DD71B2BD15AF911" pageId="1" pageNumber="140">
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Shrubs slender and virgate, up to 1.9 m tall; leaves light green, entire, unlobed, with secondary veins perpendicular to the midvein. Stipules 1-3
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<normalizedToken id="3BBA0605DF0102173E6AABF9A70C3E1E" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.2-0.3 mm, setaceous, entire, early caducous; racemes 2.5-6 cm long, solitary, subspicate, staminate buds obovoid, stamens with filaments pubescent, pistillate calyx dialisepalous and fruits light green, without wings.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="549477B5A531C83A916306CE415364B1" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1138419" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.91.21465.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/175321" pageId="1" pageNumber="140" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
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<paragraph id="1D3E5E0FA1E07DDA45A8C2F50AF6A4FA" pageId="1" pageNumber="140">
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<emphasis id="AA1F6D1CD5729520D7F0458652D05B1A" bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="140">Figure 1.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="F54A4524DC222619059A05983FDF299D" authorityName="M. J. Silva & L. S. Inocencio" authorityYear="2017" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Manihot" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Manihot fallax" order="Malpighiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="140" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fallax">
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<emphasis id="12E771FF957596879F4F5A8068F4B65E" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="140">Manihot fallax</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<emphasis id="3E205A8365E989960DF78E26816092B6" bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="140">A</emphasis>
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Habit
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<emphasis id="20D690E16A10E887ED120AD1196F8D71" bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="140">B</emphasis>
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Staminate bracts
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<emphasis id="8D61686659D29D1EACD061A1AD89FFDF" bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="140">C</emphasis>
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Staminate bracteole
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<emphasis id="3673C0F3110CAC0AD28A7A2A26F669F1" bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="140">D</emphasis>
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Staminate bud
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<emphasis id="3E6C409AAD6E925975039C349CF9FA57" bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="140">E</emphasis>
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Staminate flower
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<emphasis id="90B8C8C6304A3DFF98178EB148435BFD" bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="140">F</emphasis>
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Staminate flower with calyx split and open
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<emphasis id="B23671AD1EEB4AD2E1378EC943BC03C9" bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="140">G</emphasis>
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Inner surface of the staminate calyx showing the trichomes
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<emphasis id="8EA5E6F72C39CB7548B68D7CC0A212AE" bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="140">H</emphasis>
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Pistillate bracts
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<emphasis id="C757C1A4BEBFA8C10E65B7866031975A" bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="140">I</emphasis>
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Pistillate bracteole
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<emphasis id="8DB12495B66A8DB6E2094890B93D5A02" bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="140">J</emphasis>
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Pistillate flower
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<emphasis id="223772492D896903E29A0FD7AC6D642A" bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="140">K</emphasis>
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Inner surface of the pistillate calyx showing the trichomes
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<emphasis id="A7266BB610EEC89ED169D9D10E202557" bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="140">L</emphasis>
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Fruit
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<emphasis id="13DC69455332B7119891278559106D0E" bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="140">M</emphasis>
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Seed, ventral side
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<emphasis id="BC9CA85F2F7F4D670E5339879137719C" bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="140">N</emphasis>
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Seed, dorsal side. Drawn by Cristiano Gualberto from the holotype.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="B81DA4374DBBD21ABA6F160400A3AB4D" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1138421" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.91.21465.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/175322" pageId="1" pageNumber="140" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
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<paragraph id="E7986CEA2D930A037B95FFB3158CC38F" pageId="1" pageNumber="140">
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<emphasis id="E5E947C16B06C8C98C20AA1E52A2CB89" bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="140">Figure 2.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="7D1CFCC9AC868D43C213C1EA2E065F9E" authorityName="M. J. Silva & L. S. Inocencio" authorityYear="2017" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Manihot" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Manihot fallax" order="Malpighiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="140" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fallax">
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<emphasis id="888CF1B4DF3C544C35D5CD798B1ACB92" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="140">Manihot fallax</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<emphasis id="D991543CA38E9A4567C6E74F48881724" bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="140">A</emphasis>
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Habit
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<emphasis id="8E2FD4CA926E88C29608EDD8D085969B" bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="140">B</emphasis>
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Leaves; note the spiral phyllotaxy
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<emphasis id="C6FF92CAA14E35634FF127CE66A4C6B2" bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="140">C</emphasis>
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Inflorescence; note the showy bracts
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<emphasis id="A111FA9341478F1445459E4580E5F32A" bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="140">D</emphasis>
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Staminate flower, frontal view
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<emphasis id="54794B52AF2DD405E3969231E3957ED3" bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="140">E</emphasis>
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. Pistillate flowers in the inflorescence, lateral view; note the free sepals
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<emphasis id="AF2E7E317A9447A495E8C3C47AA05989" bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="140">F</emphasis>
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Fruit.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1E4E61DAF653918F3F9E6E37C0D7F497" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" type="description">
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<paragraph id="D97D9D046CCEE3D3F10B8CF589FFEAFA" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">
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<pageBreakToken id="864C7BEC05211B03144D265410DA708C" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" start="start">Description</pageBreakToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4573E1DBA506D5858509AC9383F8AEC4" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">
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Shrubs 1-1.9 m tall, slender and virgate, monoecious, glabrous. Stem solid in cross section, greenish to reddish, glossy and waxy in young parts; latex clear, abundant; roots fibrous. Stipules 1-3
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<normalizedToken id="622CDC44D66975E200D25C5326C982CC" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.2-0.3 mm, setaceous, margins entire, early caducous; petiole 0.3-0.7 mm long, angulate, greenish. Leaves alternate spiral, sparsely distributed along the branches, but more concentrated near apex, blades 8-14
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<normalizedToken id="F63A67C16CF261A8D010D1E854BF6AC1" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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1-2 cm, lanceolate, narrowly elliptic or linear, entire, unlobed, non-peltate, base obtuse, apex obtuse with a short mucro, firmly membranaceous to chartaceous, glabrous on both surfaces, adaxial surface dark green, abaxial surface glaucous, the latter with a smooth wax pattern, venation camptodromous-brochidodromous, primary and secondary veins impressed on both surfaces, the secondary veins perpendicularly arranged in relation to the midvein, all of them pinkish to yellowish. Racemes 2.5-6 cm long, staminate or bisexual, solitary, terminal or arising from dichotomy of the branches, glabrous, angulate, glaucous to cinereous, waxy. Staminate flowers: buds 5.8-6
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<normalizedToken id="04F071067A80483C1779BD79D58111CB" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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3.9-4 mm, obovoid, yellowish-green, without purplish pigmentation; bracts 6-6.1
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<normalizedToken id="690EC3D52962B5580AEF602410A529EE" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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3.9-4 mm, widely elliptic, foliaceous, apex acuminate, persistent; bracteoles situated along the lower third up to half of the pedicel, 4-4.1
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<normalizedToken id="D307C861378538F2EFF4D4343CEC9E59" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.4-0.5 mm, lanceolate, foliaceous, persistent, subopposite; pedicels 0.5-0.7 mm long, cylindrical, glabrous, light green; calyx 13.2-14
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<normalizedToken id="12B3598DB768664AC3C645A6D8BCCEA3" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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5.9-6 mm, campanulate, yellowish, without purplish pigmentation, shortly tomentose internally, lobes widely triangular, ovate to oblong, apex obtuse, base truncate; stamens 10, in two whorls of five, filaments pubescent near apex, the longer 12.5-12.6 mm long, the shorter 8.4-8.5 mm long, both thickened; anthers 5-7 mm long, oblong, dorsifixed, bright yellow; disc 10-lobed, intrastaminal, dark yellow. Pistillate flowers: buds 6-9
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<normalizedToken id="C2915BA080103823363AC11C8D48005E" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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4-6 mm, ovoid, green-yellowish, without purplish pigmentation; bracts 6.4-7
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<normalizedToken id="075A404DD4D235DEE18BCBFCA5D2174C" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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2.9-3 mm long, widely ovate, margin entire, glabrous; bracteoles 3.7-3.8
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<normalizedToken id="043042C68A34D224B59B4B98F78FCB2B" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.8-0.9 mm, lanceolate, foliaceous, persistent, margin entire, apex acuminate, opposite along the lower third of the pedicel, glabrous; pedicels 4-6 mm long, cylindrical-clavate, glabrous, green; sepals 10-12
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<normalizedToken id="8ECBABBAE1BF328145B65463C297354B" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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5-7 mm, lanceolate, apex acute, shortly tomentose externally, yellowish, without purplish pigmentation; ovary 4-6
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<normalizedToken id="21FFC70A44127C50CA076330AF6143F9" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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3-4 mm, globose to ovoid, glabrous, green, disc patelliform, lobed, yellow; styles 3, shortly united at the base, stigmatic surface 2-3 mm long, densely papillose. Capsules 0.9-1.5
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D6C2B5CFC8F65C369839918E095252DA" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.8-1.2 cm, oblong, light green, smooth, glabrous, without wings, dehiscence septicidal and loculicidal; columella (carpophore) persistent, 0.9
|
||
<normalizedToken id="EA12B6D876A9380432CD9E9710A57EDB" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
2-2.2 mm (width at narrowest point in middle), narrowly alate. Seeds 0.7-1
|
||
<normalizedToken id="5E44124F6B2FCDCB2C91D0533F94C6E6" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.39-0.4 cm, oblong-ellipsoid, dark grey, with black spots; caruncle triangular, prominent, apex bilobed, cream to yellowish.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="6E4C32DF4095838B1886FFBB7384522F" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="E700244828C49268D2D2A4A49268BAF1" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Distribution and ecology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1BE3E178385B5D82ED9806CD30519159" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CB074202645971CB85AE220891B4EB90" authorityName="M. J. Silva & L. S. Inocencio" authorityYear="2017" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Manihot" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Manihot fallax" order="Malpighiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fallax">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFC9643462F04876A8A03572AB2B51A5" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Manihot fallax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears endemic to the state of Mato Grosso (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="1B49673717FA585FF1F12D8A0BAF0526" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Distribution map of Manihot fallax sp. nov and M. attenuata." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.91.21465.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/175323" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">3</figureCitation>
|
||
), where it grows in Cerrado
|
||
<emphasis id="2F9A79CA23494ED2F6F91ADB1F94D933" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">sensu stricto</emphasis>
|
||
on flat or slope areas and also in grasslands, on clayey and sandy soils, between 385 m and 642 m elevation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="8983E4985B4B745059E7AFB741DFE73D" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1138423" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.91.21465.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/175323" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
|
||
<paragraph id="959DE77DBAE19CDEDC86391336F7698B" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">
|
||
<emphasis id="620924E6908923697101F9C7E96E5837" bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Distribution map of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0DB0845D6F0F6BB0618DB8290C76C5AC" authorityName="M. J. Silva & L. S. Inocencio" authorityYear="2017" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Manihot" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Manihot fallax" order="Malpighiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fallax">
|
||
<emphasis id="33F1533645FFFD814E80CE7F5D595B5B" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Manihot fallax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6E23717B95B0B6BADFFB89CD8ED0467C" lsidName="M. attenuata" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" rank="species" species="attenuata">
|
||
<emphasis id="13AB9DF077876E6FE9DB30D69696D459" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">M. attenuata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9F0C5F94228F79782AB889816C742313" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" type="phenology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8F83395F2C88C35C6121836BEA264794" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Phenology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3E7AC459A674650684040366616C3222" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">The species has been collected with flowers and fruits from October to March.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="4F2A7AEC388ED06A30DC3D8413F62507" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="E480D72001B8DAE7FFE69AA8B2AF8EB5" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D7EA05FC0723120AC4F047773CFF28B2" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">
|
||
The specific Latin epithet
|
||
<normalizedToken id="4D315B783D6F13D1AE2B553E55F5AFC3" originalValue="“fallax”">"fallax"</normalizedToken>
|
||
refers to deceptive and was chosen due to the false similarity of the new species to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="896179401C69FFDFDBD798197301E497" lsidName="M. attenuata" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" rank="species" species="attenuata">
|
||
<emphasis id="30D91E2CCD798AD9B0B2BABAD05B7431" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">M. attenuata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3A02FED8426B248D5D89C518CBBA2BA4" lsidName="M. weddelliana" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" rank="species" species="weddelliana">
|
||
<emphasis id="4A590EA282CE4DC41AF0180568C9505B" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">M. weddelliana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7925A0C8DE7BA09E51E8872C82FDAF96" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" type="conservation status">
|
||
<paragraph id="6E34DF6915BFD6730374144B1854E763" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Conservation status.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="046038228AC8A969F23A486AE2C9A507" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">
|
||
According to the
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A118636A6D71142D9B3AE3CC3E5DD138" author="IUCN" journalOrPublisher="Genetics and Molecular Research" pageId="8" pageNumber="147" publicationUrl="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" refId="B13" refString="IUCN, 2014. Guidelines for using the IUCN red list categories and criteria (Ver. 11). IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge. http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" title="Guidelines for using the IUCN red list categories and criteria (Ver. 11). IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge." url="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" year="2014">IUCN (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="86BDFF9EB9FE1DFA50331948DC4780F3" lsidName="M. fallax" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" rank="species" species="fallax">
|
||
<emphasis id="F99DBD4C1BD0633FAFEF809E14AFC782" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">M. fallax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be considered preliminarily as an endangered species (EN-B2a), because it grows in disturbed areas subject to fires and human pressure and has an extent of occurrence of 175 km2.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="813DCB0530AE840A72857884C659A9DA" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="142" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="EBD7BAD1A819CEFCE9D3B72D3AF7BE9E" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Specimens Examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F2C81CB4C5C1F2FED0E6372476942A91" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="142" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">
|
||
<emphasis id="343B47CFA62FE75BC04F8224B794F8BB" bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Brazil. Mato Grosso</emphasis>
|
||
. Barra do
|
||
<normalizedToken id="4371A65157C3AF9AD53D446678F0709C" originalValue="Garças">Garcas</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Serra Azul, trilha as usina,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A8E4B348EA81F4B4C37258BEBF41EC97" originalValue="próximo">proximo</normalizedToken>
|
||
a sede da
|
||
<normalizedToken id="EB57EB4F3E0B30DE0AB4A16C8FA6CF67" originalValue="Moçonaria">Moconaria</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 17 Mar 1990, fl., fr.,
|
||
<emphasis id="FE59E38196BFB66D02A5BF25535BC878" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">L. Santos s.n.</emphasis>
|
||
(UFMT/ICLMA 00856);
|
||
<normalizedToken id="7B0C1FF0D3B07F5152686801EB2D6377" originalValue="próxima">proxima</normalizedToken>
|
||
da cidade, nas
|
||
<normalizedToken id="01302DABB2B0803E6F5211E1F94F2F0E" originalValue="imediações">imediacoes</normalizedToken>
|
||
da antena do Cristo, 09 Mar 1991, fl., fr.,
|
||
<emphasis id="3F6A185D6CF82F0AA8C7F57EC8C0BB9B" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">L. Santos s.n.</emphasis>
|
||
(UFMT/ICLMA 00866); Serra do Taquaral, Cerrado, 23 Nov 1997, fl., fr.,
|
||
<emphasis id="AA62584705AE6BA041C7030F87C2FFD1" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">L. C. Bernacci & G. Arborcz 2525</emphasis>
|
||
(UFMT, IAC); cerrado do Marcello,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="2C0C971AE2791329D1CC51F6FC6586AA" degrees="15" direction="south" minutes="50" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="50.9" value="-15.847472">15°50'50.9"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="2AD3787FD8B808EB1523207CAF823895" degrees="52" direction="west" minutes="15" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="54.7" value="-52.265194">52°15'54.7"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 14 Nov 2005, fl., fr.,
|
||
<emphasis id="32EB63944E01DCCCE0E1F5D52BC7A5D2" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">I. Faria & M. L. Mayer 339</emphasis>
|
||
(UFMT/ICLMA); gruta do pezinho,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="91F5E4593C9E0791F2E0083506783C3F" degrees="15" direction="south" minutes="50" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="29.6" value="-15.841556">15°50'29.6"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="6C6C3A3E47CDF55DA615AE744B1F9854" degrees="52" direction="west" minutes="16" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="50" value="-52.280556">52°16'50"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 28 Dec 2005, fl.,
|
||
<emphasis id="F184E17F50466B2090ECD4A69419F965" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">
|
||
I. Faria, M. L. Mayer &
|
||
<normalizedToken id="4E7333A43CB126DD86366D821605668C" originalValue="Moisés">Moises</normalizedToken>
|
||
517
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(UFMT/ICLMA); Parque Estadual da Serra Azul,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="17087F2871C40EF7DE254CD4B3AB1ECC" degrees="15" direction="south" minutes="51" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-15.85">15°51'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="4B111129205CF1807D60FA6BCCBE9B23" degrees="52" direction="west" minutes="16" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-52.266666">52°16'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 21 Oct 2005, fl.,
|
||
<emphasis id="A1BC13074C088388EF1848A7D1A10018" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">M. Sanchez 2216</emphasis>
|
||
(UFMT/ICLMA);
|
||
<emphasis id="09CE59047F70A2E941B77F81B7512945" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">ib.</emphasis>
|
||
, 21 Feb 2006, fl., fr.,
|
||
<emphasis id="8CD1C025D54A013EFDAA6CD73A10004E" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">I. Faria</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="AB66838A8C02270E9B6D1298BADC6334" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">M. L. Mayer & M. S. M. Ramos</emphasis>
|
||
787 (UFMT/ICLMA);
|
||
<emphasis id="4A8A32255DC492C9E04A5D8B7C793130" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">ib.</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="561FED70A4AE88337752FDE5CA6F42AD" degrees="15" direction="south" minutes="52" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-15.866667">15°52'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="3422C5A88977EA9F23CB0561653E13F3" degrees="52" direction="west" minutes="16" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-52.266666">52°16'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 04 Oct 2006, fl.,
|
||
<emphasis id="A82FC359CAE7A6787CB1DE824AEF7541" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">R. Freitas & M. L. Mayer 145</emphasis>
|
||
(UFMT/ICLMA);
|
||
<emphasis id="AF3B9E8546741F675C6F7A3773DCD12F" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">ib.</emphasis>
|
||
, 13 Feb 2007, fl.,
|
||
<emphasis id="86AF0124D1A1A34FE0B4E485E21F34B0" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">R. Freitas & M. L. Mayer 404</emphasis>
|
||
(UFMT/ICLMA);
|
||
<emphasis id="CBA24420B7F30F23A10009AA8734B70B" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">ib.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1 Mar 2007, fl., fr.,
|
||
<emphasis id="C0E19D5210EC73618EBF0FA1F7F9AC62" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">R. Freitas & M. L. Mayer 445</emphasis>
|
||
(UFMT/ICLMA); BR 158 na altura do km 726, margem esquerda, sentido Nova Xavantina,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="76E95DB14EAB6B134E21087AC6CCA0B3" originalValue="adjacências">adjacencias</normalizedToken>
|
||
da Serra do Roncador,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="80A061A177E878719B93612F280B122B" degrees="15" direction="south" minutes="17" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="21.8" value="-15.28939">15°17'21.8"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="742B0A5837EDBFD5F3D89E5A53EC89BF" degrees="52" direction="west" minutes="11" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="38.7" value="-52.194084">52°11'38.7"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 389 m a.s.l., 28 Jan 2014,
|
||
<emphasis id="6AEAABC42418A4A511AB62F1DA5446A1" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">L. S. Inocencio, A. O. Souza & G. H. Silva 68, 69, 70</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="E72B61ED42042F0596F46C4A6AE31E90" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">71</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="FBCEE97A25E2A54278FDC6FEC69CD291" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">72</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="813B167D0B5F468FAC432AD462595FF3" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">73</emphasis>
|
||
(UFG);
|
||
<emphasis id="321C09E25D45E0439E8623B5C37FAF4A" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">ib.</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="6303FB4A90ECFB6A6D511E09BF0BCAF1" degrees="15" direction="south" minutes="17" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="9.7" value="-15.286028">15°17'9.7"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="71F517220FF034C8EC0D86B5536C0784" degrees="52" direction="west" minutes="11" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="15.5" value="-52.18764">52°11'15.5"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 385 m a.s.l., 26 Jan 2015, fl. fr.,
|
||
<emphasis id="C4C347880D1BBFCC56661EEC85A43FB2" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">L. S. Inocencio, A. O. Souza, L. L. C. Antunes & C. C. Oliveira, 290, 291, 292</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="1A944BF91DAB1ACC118C33A564852D89" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">294</emphasis>
|
||
(UFG); BR 158, na altura do km 726, margem esquerda, sentido Nova Xavantina,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="76625CB6F850589F4D012C3012A94089" degrees="15" direction="south" minutes="17" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="9.8" value="-15.286056">15°17'9.8"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="368BD958E3C3C9636E3FCB86C3A57136" degrees="52" direction="west" minutes="11" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="22.3" value="-52.18953">52°11'22.3"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 422 m a.s.l., 1 Feb 2015, fl. fr.,
|
||
<emphasis id="9C2FA5D507E7772C07AB261D0E300AE7" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">L. S. Inocencio, A. O. Souza, L. L. C. Antunes & C. C. Oliveira 363, 364, 365, 366, 367, 368, 369, 370, 371, 372, 373, 374, 375, 376, 377, 378, 379, 380, 381, 382, 383, 384, 385, 386, 387</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="36B30B9CA5C5CBC18222DD03C36EB5F8" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">388</emphasis>
|
||
(UFG); Serra do Roncador, ca. 60 km a norte da cidade pela BR-158 e 5 km a esquerda desta rodovia em
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D00A7DAFB347EBA6C7756B653B9C7A0C" originalValue="direção">direcao</normalizedToken>
|
||
a Xavantina a partir do povoado
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="AB6683E96A9DDB0BF117EC702F3AD515" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" start="start">Vale</pageBreakToken>
|
||
dos Sonhos,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7EFF1581D6ED3D92FEEB37A6AF3263D4" degrees="52" direction="south" minutes="13" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="54" value="-52.231667">52°13'54"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C24938CACF5FF68D6BDAD3F010A8DDC1" degrees="15" direction="west" minutes="20" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="54" value="-15.348333">15°20'54"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 642 m a.s.l., 24 Mar 2016,
|
||
<emphasis id="F515B4CA57271F73A4BF3C97C9B6155C" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="142">
|
||
R. C.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C5F8F1342BB6CE0BFC9C58A040D8145E" originalValue="Sodré">Sodre</normalizedToken>
|
||
, T. P. Mendes & J. A. Oliveira 2174
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(UFG).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="4868EC6A32719610DEC8BFFECC1E711A" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="143" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="963B5F1ED4AF5709BFB39965134FB9F7" pageId="3" pageNumber="142">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C8F0A46401F008B65133C4A29A98D629" pageId="3" pageNumber="142">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="133D0B22D94E5440DC165310D8D12DE5" authorityName="M. J. Silva & L. S. Inocencio" authorityYear="2017" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Manihot" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Manihot fallax" order="Malpighiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fallax">
|
||
<emphasis id="1D9D0B450394AAC68A49BA01D578B04E" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="142">Manihot fallax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
stands out from the other species of the genus with entire and unlobed leaves (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="89BFEA224EF86E4CDE4BCE314373EC9B" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1600/036364415X686477" author="Silva, MJ" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany" pageId="9" pageNumber="148" pagination="168 - 173" refId="B26" refString="Silva, MJ, 2015. Manihot appanii (Euphorbiaceae s. s.), a new species from Brazil, and a key to the species with unlobed or very shortly lobed leaves. Systematic Botany 40: 168 - 173, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1600/036364415X686477" title="Manihot appanii (Euphorbiaceae s. s.), a new species from Brazil, and a key to the species with unlobed or very shortly lobed leaves." url="https://doi.org/10.1600/036364415X686477" volume="40" year="2015">Silva 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) by its shrubby, slender, virgate habit up to 1.9 m tall, leaves ascendant and in a spiral arrangement along the branches. It morphologically resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F49E382EF0515CE1461BC2845E7B2930" lsidName="M. weddelliana" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" rank="species" species="weddelliana">
|
||
<emphasis id="5C925553B2840B6EA3E37B700C713D4E" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="142">M. weddelliana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7176B732D53AA6BEE0B83A0C4E04AEA2" lsidName="M. attenuata" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" rank="species" species="attenuata">
|
||
<emphasis id="67FBBE48955382F79FD401E02CE93B61" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="142">M. attenuata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, especially the latter, in the aspect of the leaves, racemes conspicuously pedunculate, bracts of flowers of both sexes showy and foliaceous and calyx internally shortly tomentose. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5198402E20B9E80A068B1B7BC93A85D0" lsidName="M. fallax" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" rank="species" species="fallax">
|
||
<emphasis id="1D6B957334C962CB56346FDF3C30BD4D" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="142">M. fallax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3C8479DECA8AFB3E3DE612D87DDD0206" lsidName="M. weddelliana" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" rank="species" species="weddelliana">
|
||
<emphasis id="3829737F73B14DF9D55ED8E2301A0C2C" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="142">M. weddelliana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in its shrubby, slender and virgate habit (vs. subshrub up to 0.5 cm tall in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D8999429A8DA158F1FA6161AAA5201DB" lsidName="M. weddelliana" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" rank="species" species="weddelliana">
|
||
<emphasis id="F870C233CE344F41108C6DB8156B8270" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="142">M. weddelliana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), leaves without repand margins (vs. leaves with repand margins) and bracts of both staminate and pistillate flowers ovate, with margins entire and apex acute or obtuse (vs. widely elliptic, with margins very serrated and apex conspicuously acuminate). The combination of the characters listed in table below serve to differentiate
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CA2FC37EC4CCA2D78917C2FF43D9977E" lsidName="M. attenuata" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" rank="species" species="attenuata">
|
||
<emphasis id="D3B3149038E0FFC7123AFC428E043325" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="142">M. attenuata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B3BCF56A2D5039ED5D6D68A69190E3E7" lsidName="M. fallax" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" rank="species" species="fallax">
|
||
<emphasis id="6DDB93E6F0C74AB40785D4315019FE43" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="142">M. fallax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3E189D5EBF547875BDD07BCC9352D407" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="143" pageId="3" pageNumber="142">
|
||
Regarding leaf anatomical features,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DA896C860EC76C01E4C0B763713E522E" lsidName="M. fallax" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" rank="species" species="fallax">
|
||
<emphasis id="A5D599F7156600E32F02DD8DB785746A" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="142">M. fallax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6C5211C4A9CA57E3BF1694847EE102F3" lsidName="M. attenuata" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" rank="species" species="attenuata">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF9A161A1D549611E7AB35A9BE9000C" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="142">M. attenuata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having the vascular cylinder with arch-shaped collateral vascular bundles surrounded by pericyclic fibres in the midvein (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="33D0E44EFDF415DCFDCC2EF1DA5BA474" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Leaf anatomy of species. A-J Cross section of the leaf blade. Manihot fallax (A-C): A Median portion of the midvein B Median portion of the leaf blade; abaxial epidermis papilose and stomata indicated by arrow C Edge. Manihot attenuata (D-J): D Median portion of the midvein E Median portion of the leaf blade; note stomata (arrow) and epidermal idioblast with druse (arrowhead) F Detail of epidermal idioblast with druse (arrowhead) G Laticifers in the midvein phloem (arrowheads) H Detail of the epidermis and collenchyma in the midvein I Vascular bundles with parenchymatical sheath in the median portion of the leaf blade (arrowheads correspond to laticiferous) J Vascular bundles in the median portion of the leaf blade (arrowheads correspond to laticifers) K-M Dissociated epidermis of both species. Manihot fallax. K. Paracytic stomata. Manihot attenuata (L-M): L Stomata distribution in the abaxial surface of the leaf blade M Stomata distribution in the adaxial surface of the leaf blade lateral to midvein N and O Schematic representation of the petiole in cross section N Manihot fallax O Manihot attenuata. CT: cortex; VC: vascular cylinder; co: collenchyma; ep: epidermis; pp: palisade parenchyma; sp: spongy parenchyma; pa: medullar parenchymatic." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.91.21465.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/175324" pageId="3" pageNumber="142">4A</figureCitation>
|
||
), uniseriate epidermis in the median portion of both surfaces of the leaf blade (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="79E50B4EDBF959CA3C06DD96BF8ED407" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Leaf anatomy of species. A-J Cross section of the leaf blade. Manihot fallax (A-C): A Median portion of the midvein B Median portion of the leaf blade; abaxial epidermis papilose and stomata indicated by arrow C Edge. Manihot attenuata (D-J): D Median portion of the midvein E Median portion of the leaf blade; note stomata (arrow) and epidermal idioblast with druse (arrowhead) F Detail of epidermal idioblast with druse (arrowhead) G Laticifers in the midvein phloem (arrowheads) H Detail of the epidermis and collenchyma in the midvein I Vascular bundles with parenchymatical sheath in the median portion of the leaf blade (arrowheads correspond to laticiferous) J Vascular bundles in the median portion of the leaf blade (arrowheads correspond to laticifers) K-M Dissociated epidermis of both species. Manihot fallax. K. Paracytic stomata. Manihot attenuata (L-M): L Stomata distribution in the abaxial surface of the leaf blade M Stomata distribution in the adaxial surface of the leaf blade lateral to midvein N and O Schematic representation of the petiole in cross section N Manihot fallax O Manihot attenuata. CT: cortex; VC: vascular cylinder; co: collenchyma; ep: epidermis; pp: palisade parenchyma; sp: spongy parenchyma; pa: medullar parenchymatic." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.91.21465.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/175324" pageId="3" pageNumber="142">4B</figureCitation>
|
||
), at the edge (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="1CDB38DB706872EEC7682F37AC6299A3" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Leaf anatomy of species. A-J Cross section of the leaf blade. Manihot fallax (A-C): A Median portion of the midvein B Median portion of the leaf blade; abaxial epidermis papilose and stomata indicated by arrow C Edge. Manihot attenuata (D-J): D Median portion of the midvein E Median portion of the leaf blade; note stomata (arrow) and epidermal idioblast with druse (arrowhead) F Detail of epidermal idioblast with druse (arrowhead) G Laticifers in the midvein phloem (arrowheads) H Detail of the epidermis and collenchyma in the midvein I Vascular bundles with parenchymatical sheath in the median portion of the leaf blade (arrowheads correspond to laticiferous) J Vascular bundles in the median portion of the leaf blade (arrowheads correspond to laticifers) K-M Dissociated epidermis of both species. Manihot fallax. K. Paracytic stomata. Manihot attenuata (L-M): L Stomata distribution in the abaxial surface of the leaf blade M Stomata distribution in the adaxial surface of the leaf blade lateral to midvein N and O Schematic representation of the petiole in cross section N Manihot fallax O Manihot attenuata. CT: cortex; VC: vascular cylinder; co: collenchyma; ep: epidermis; pp: palisade parenchyma; sp: spongy parenchyma; pa: medullar parenchymatic." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.91.21465.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/175324" pageId="3" pageNumber="142">4C</figureCitation>
|
||
) and petiole with collateral vascular bundles discontinuous in the vascular cylinder (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="EED0DBF81AEC6640550437A1616EEA0F" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Leaf anatomy of species. A-J Cross section of the leaf blade. Manihot fallax (A-C): A Median portion of the midvein B Median portion of the leaf blade; abaxial epidermis papilose and stomata indicated by arrow C Edge. Manihot attenuata (D-J): D Median portion of the midvein E Median portion of the leaf blade; note stomata (arrow) and epidermal idioblast with druse (arrowhead) F Detail of epidermal idioblast with druse (arrowhead) G Laticifers in the midvein phloem (arrowheads) H Detail of the epidermis and collenchyma in the midvein I Vascular bundles with parenchymatical sheath in the median portion of the leaf blade (arrowheads correspond to laticiferous) J Vascular bundles in the median portion of the leaf blade (arrowheads correspond to laticifers) K-M Dissociated epidermis of both species. Manihot fallax. K. Paracytic stomata. Manihot attenuata (L-M): L Stomata distribution in the abaxial surface of the leaf blade M Stomata distribution in the adaxial surface of the leaf blade lateral to midvein N and O Schematic representation of the petiole in cross section N Manihot fallax O Manihot attenuata. CT: cortex; VC: vascular cylinder; co: collenchyma; ep: epidermis; pp: palisade parenchyma; sp: spongy parenchyma; pa: medullar parenchymatic." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.91.21465.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/175324" pageId="3" pageNumber="142">4N</figureCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5F361AD6239B0DCCC8F63F648277C563" lsidName="M. attenuata" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" rank="species" species="attenuata">
|
||
<emphasis id="0F6B43986C3ECEFBCE08E150DD5EF622" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="142">M. attenuata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the vascular cylinder has collateral vascular bundles in a flattened arc, not surrounded by pericyclic fibres in the midvein (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="A49B6AB810F2C97451C9361D7AF53C4F" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Leaf anatomy of species. A-J Cross section of the leaf blade. Manihot fallax (A-C): A Median portion of the midvein B Median portion of the leaf blade; abaxial epidermis papilose and stomata indicated by arrow C Edge. Manihot attenuata (D-J): D Median portion of the midvein E Median portion of the leaf blade; note stomata (arrow) and epidermal idioblast with druse (arrowhead) F Detail of epidermal idioblast with druse (arrowhead) G Laticifers in the midvein phloem (arrowheads) H Detail of the epidermis and collenchyma in the midvein I Vascular bundles with parenchymatical sheath in the median portion of the leaf blade (arrowheads correspond to laticiferous) J Vascular bundles in the median portion of the leaf blade (arrowheads correspond to laticifers) K-M Dissociated epidermis of both species. Manihot fallax. K. Paracytic stomata. Manihot attenuata (L-M): L Stomata distribution in the abaxial surface of the leaf blade M Stomata distribution in the adaxial surface of the leaf blade lateral to midvein N and O Schematic representation of the petiole in cross section N Manihot fallax O Manihot attenuata. CT: cortex; VC: vascular cylinder; co: collenchyma; ep: epidermis; pp: palisade parenchyma; sp: spongy parenchyma; pa: medullar parenchymatic." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.91.21465.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/175324" pageId="3" pageNumber="142">4D</figureCitation>
|
||
), epidermal cells without papillae in the median portion of the abaxial surface of the leaf blade (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="9B90354CB2FB324C97EAD0612C4AB62B" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Leaf anatomy of species. A-J Cross section of the leaf blade. Manihot fallax (A-C): A Median portion of the midvein B Median portion of the leaf blade; abaxial epidermis papilose and stomata indicated by arrow C Edge. Manihot attenuata (D-J): D Median portion of the midvein E Median portion of the leaf blade; note stomata (arrow) and epidermal idioblast with druse (arrowhead) F Detail of epidermal idioblast with druse (arrowhead) G Laticifers in the midvein phloem (arrowheads) H Detail of the epidermis and collenchyma in the midvein I Vascular bundles with parenchymatical sheath in the median portion of the leaf blade (arrowheads correspond to laticiferous) J Vascular bundles in the median portion of the leaf blade (arrowheads correspond to laticifers) K-M Dissociated epidermis of both species. Manihot fallax. K. Paracytic stomata. Manihot attenuata (L-M): L Stomata distribution in the abaxial surface of the leaf blade M Stomata distribution in the adaxial surface of the leaf blade lateral to midvein N and O Schematic representation of the petiole in cross section N Manihot fallax O Manihot attenuata. CT: cortex; VC: vascular cylinder; co: collenchyma; ep: epidermis; pp: palisade parenchyma; sp: spongy parenchyma; pa: medullar parenchymatic." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.91.21465.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/175324" pageId="3" pageNumber="142">4E</figureCitation>
|
||
), but with druses in the
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="A0B6EF3FBC8174C5D484A531B345812A" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" start="start">protoplast</pageBreakToken>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="899691515EBB7A0180BAA881C28C72C3" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Leaf anatomy of species. A-J Cross section of the leaf blade. Manihot fallax (A-C): A Median portion of the midvein B Median portion of the leaf blade; abaxial epidermis papilose and stomata indicated by arrow C Edge. Manihot attenuata (D-J): D Median portion of the midvein E Median portion of the leaf blade; note stomata (arrow) and epidermal idioblast with druse (arrowhead) F Detail of epidermal idioblast with druse (arrowhead) G Laticifers in the midvein phloem (arrowheads) H Detail of the epidermis and collenchyma in the midvein I Vascular bundles with parenchymatical sheath in the median portion of the leaf blade (arrowheads correspond to laticiferous) J Vascular bundles in the median portion of the leaf blade (arrowheads correspond to laticifers) K-M Dissociated epidermis of both species. Manihot fallax. K. Paracytic stomata. Manihot attenuata (L-M): L Stomata distribution in the abaxial surface of the leaf blade M Stomata distribution in the adaxial surface of the leaf blade lateral to midvein N and O Schematic representation of the petiole in cross section N Manihot fallax O Manihot attenuata. CT: cortex; VC: vascular cylinder; co: collenchyma; ep: epidermis; pp: palisade parenchyma; sp: spongy parenchyma; pa: medullar parenchymatic." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.91.21465.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/175324" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">4E, F</figureCitation>
|
||
), as well as petiole with collateral vascular bundles continuous in the vascular cylinder (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="A86AC424D86602F6B8DD139FAE15D270" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Leaf anatomy of species. A-J Cross section of the leaf blade. Manihot fallax (A-C): A Median portion of the midvein B Median portion of the leaf blade; abaxial epidermis papilose and stomata indicated by arrow C Edge. Manihot attenuata (D-J): D Median portion of the midvein E Median portion of the leaf blade; note stomata (arrow) and epidermal idioblast with druse (arrowhead) F Detail of epidermal idioblast with druse (arrowhead) G Laticifers in the midvein phloem (arrowheads) H Detail of the epidermis and collenchyma in the midvein I Vascular bundles with parenchymatical sheath in the median portion of the leaf blade (arrowheads correspond to laticiferous) J Vascular bundles in the median portion of the leaf blade (arrowheads correspond to laticifers) K-M Dissociated epidermis of both species. Manihot fallax. K. Paracytic stomata. Manihot attenuata (L-M): L Stomata distribution in the abaxial surface of the leaf blade M Stomata distribution in the adaxial surface of the leaf blade lateral to midvein N and O Schematic representation of the petiole in cross section N Manihot fallax O Manihot attenuata. CT: cortex; VC: vascular cylinder; co: collenchyma; ep: epidermis; pp: palisade parenchyma; sp: spongy parenchyma; pa: medullar parenchymatic." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.91.21465.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/175324" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">4O</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="189C134AA89CF5E8CED27388B8E2927F" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1138425" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.91.21465.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/175324" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
|
||
<paragraph id="BB50B13A639F8B007A798D9C4AD62D37" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">
|
||
<emphasis id="BF8F882646D178EC609DB7DB44880CB2" bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Leaf anatomy of species.
|
||
<emphasis id="2FA4A2A9EE579C0FC4E2FFB7F11916C4" bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="BCEF908F93F368C8A1796AD1C72F9F33" originalValue="A–J">A-J</normalizedToken>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Cross section of the leaf blade.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9F8B453C39F4D145AA7E30AEC1765FD0" authorityName="M. J. Silva & L. S. Inocencio" authorityYear="2017" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Manihot" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Manihot fallax" order="Malpighiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fallax">
|
||
<emphasis id="7AD85E6D9D237816403E8A9F2352000D" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">Manihot fallax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="728FF976359046D9F16AC61EFE751A07" bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="73EAA423E7808562A682B04B6671567D" originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
):
|
||
<emphasis id="D675286B6FD0BD3FAD449FAB46FDCA52" bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">A</emphasis>
|
||
Median portion of the midvein
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D291BE15FB1E4EC4D3D79476797530" bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">B</emphasis>
|
||
Median portion of the leaf blade; abaxial epidermis papilose and stomata indicated by arrow
|
||
<emphasis id="50512EF0B49B242ED61BBA1192D6A32B" bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">C</emphasis>
|
||
Edge.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11A0424B888D70BAF80F4A408EB491A0" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Manihot" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Manihot attenuata" order="Malpighiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="attenuata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B653990629C1B80972261BDD338BB29D" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">Manihot attenuata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="3A058593DFBCAFBA0A8EC6B1341E4591" bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="9D7E1D0F2B9846EC149A20448056A43F" originalValue="D–J">D-J</normalizedToken>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
):
|
||
<emphasis id="E96ED0ACBDF1042FC6C16221071EE535" bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">D</emphasis>
|
||
Median portion of the midvein
|
||
<emphasis id="8D7C473DF569349EC7351907F20F9E16" bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">E</emphasis>
|
||
Median portion of the leaf blade; note stomata (arrow) and epidermal idioblast with druse (arrowhead)
|
||
<emphasis id="463BFAF71AF4BBAA2DD2446B32BB26AB" bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">F</emphasis>
|
||
Detail of epidermal idioblast with druse (arrowhead)
|
||
<emphasis id="2957C1ED40AE9A8A0D28FCF85CA75743" bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">G</emphasis>
|
||
Laticifers in the midvein phloem (arrowheads)
|
||
<emphasis id="E5C53110B65E8FEEB493882C7F233A80" bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">H</emphasis>
|
||
Detail of the epidermis and collenchyma in the midvein
|
||
<emphasis id="BCDD3F92791121FB68BC1EC6D3983C5A" bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">I</emphasis>
|
||
Vascular bundles with parenchymatical sheath in the median portion of the leaf blade (arrowheads correspond to laticiferous)
|
||
<emphasis id="F32D7532F3153BFE4CC5B62D545858E6" bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">J</emphasis>
|
||
Vascular bundles in the median portion of the leaf blade (arrowheads correspond to laticifers)
|
||
<emphasis id="218BEEDCFD89CBD0AAC733D5B0444B76" bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A3E98E2D83CF021BC69706DBE840525C" originalValue="K–M">K-M</normalizedToken>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Dissociated epidermis of both species.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D92622E9DA489B90AA2691A11999338B" authorityName="M. J. Silva & L. S. Inocencio" authorityYear="2017" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Manihot" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Manihot fallax" order="Malpighiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fallax">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D1AD63B2D339E053C8C96C76C1585D6" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">Manihot fallax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. K. Paracytic stomata.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8FB7C87D38171CA41D72105472F284FE" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Manihot" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Manihot attenuata" order="Malpighiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="attenuata">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCC5BC641FD0D935389A7EDE1B0846C4" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">Manihot attenuata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="018DCF9FAFC641DEB01BEDAD62A5C30B" bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="CD54A263F62B93FDD57FC4F634E9F968" originalValue="L–M">L-M</normalizedToken>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
):
|
||
<emphasis id="416BBD84706A84A5A7B25FA2D7755109" bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">L</emphasis>
|
||
Stomata distribution in the abaxial surface of the leaf blade
|
||
<emphasis id="46C0CE62FE0720717A75D63EDB569C1F" bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">M</emphasis>
|
||
Stomata distribution in the adaxial surface of the leaf blade lateral to midvein
|
||
<emphasis id="C4899A02F4FDB1DA31FBAC7311CDFE43" bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">N</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="22A8C7B09AA4DE663100CC37862613A8" bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">O</emphasis>
|
||
Schematic representation of the petiole in cross section
|
||
<emphasis id="FB78CF155C90AC099EE9C5C122766316" bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">N</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7E96CC7DBDC9ED30C9E5E3C1D3D2DCA6" authorityName="M. J. Silva & L. S. Inocencio" authorityYear="2017" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Manihot" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Manihot fallax" order="Malpighiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fallax">
|
||
<emphasis id="C7368FB89342B110FC1B4F6C1437F4AF" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">Manihot fallax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="A7DF8CD55131097875209A19E80210AD" bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">O</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0AF7F7C9F74BD42850D21E0C2B820B32" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Manihot" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Manihot attenuata" order="Malpighiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="attenuata">
|
||
<emphasis id="DD5AD4A4D0F800431503EC7D8976B101" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">Manihot attenuata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. CT: cortex; VC: vascular cylinder; co: collenchyma; ep: epidermis; pp: palisade parenchyma; sp: spongy parenchyma; pa: medullar parenchymatic.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="DD643D3116380811149CDCA0BC3D1AFE" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">
|
||
Both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6E22E7AD1054E567BF33E390C9A8D14C" lsidName="M. fallax" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" rank="species" species="fallax">
|
||
<emphasis id="47D4FEEFB89CAA44E5D0A20F4E59D7F7" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">M. fallax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="292C7058D61EDCF5A127A86D8D12E30C" lsidName="M. attenuata" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" rank="species" species="attenuata">
|
||
<emphasis id="AC7048C9C088454442C88AF03BC2951C" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">M. attenuata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have midveins with angular collenchyma on both surfaces, ground parenchyma surrounding the vascular cylinder (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="854E0A9682F3DB0217163D003E88DA93" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Leaf anatomy of species. A-J Cross section of the leaf blade. Manihot fallax (A-C): A Median portion of the midvein B Median portion of the leaf blade; abaxial epidermis papilose and stomata indicated by arrow C Edge. Manihot attenuata (D-J): D Median portion of the midvein E Median portion of the leaf blade; note stomata (arrow) and epidermal idioblast with druse (arrowhead) F Detail of epidermal idioblast with druse (arrowhead) G Laticifers in the midvein phloem (arrowheads) H Detail of the epidermis and collenchyma in the midvein I Vascular bundles with parenchymatical sheath in the median portion of the leaf blade (arrowheads correspond to laticiferous) J Vascular bundles in the median portion of the leaf blade (arrowheads correspond to laticifers) K-M Dissociated epidermis of both species. Manihot fallax. K. Paracytic stomata. Manihot attenuata (L-M): L Stomata distribution in the abaxial surface of the leaf blade M Stomata distribution in the adaxial surface of the leaf blade lateral to midvein N and O Schematic representation of the petiole in cross section N Manihot fallax O Manihot attenuata. CT: cortex; VC: vascular cylinder; co: collenchyma; ep: epidermis; pp: palisade parenchyma; sp: spongy parenchyma; pa: medullar parenchymatic." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.91.21465.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/175324" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">4A, D, H</figureCitation>
|
||
), isobilateral mesophyll (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="879B9D63B4EC74871B64A92BC1DA8815" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Leaf anatomy of species. A-J Cross section of the leaf blade. Manihot fallax (A-C): A Median portion of the midvein B Median portion of the leaf blade; abaxial epidermis papilose and stomata indicated by arrow C Edge. Manihot attenuata (D-J): D Median portion of the midvein E Median portion of the leaf blade; note stomata (arrow) and epidermal idioblast with druse (arrowhead) F Detail of epidermal idioblast with druse (arrowhead) G Laticifers in the midvein phloem (arrowheads) H Detail of the epidermis and collenchyma in the midvein I Vascular bundles with parenchymatical sheath in the median portion of the leaf blade (arrowheads correspond to laticiferous) J Vascular bundles in the median portion of the leaf blade (arrowheads correspond to laticifers) K-M Dissociated epidermis of both species. Manihot fallax. K. Paracytic stomata. Manihot attenuata (L-M): L Stomata distribution in the abaxial surface of the leaf blade M Stomata distribution in the adaxial surface of the leaf blade lateral to midvein N and O Schematic representation of the petiole in cross section N Manihot fallax O Manihot attenuata. CT: cortex; VC: vascular cylinder; co: collenchyma; ep: epidermis; pp: palisade parenchyma; sp: spongy parenchyma; pa: medullar parenchymatic." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.91.21465.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/175324" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">4B, E</figureCitation>
|
||
), edges with annular collenchyma (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="8ADAA5F9B8A010F870CD1038B000BB28" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Leaf anatomy of species. A-J Cross section of the leaf blade. Manihot fallax (A-C): A Median portion of the midvein B Median portion of the leaf blade; abaxial epidermis papilose and stomata indicated by arrow C Edge. Manihot attenuata (D-J): D Median portion of the midvein E Median portion of the leaf blade; note stomata (arrow) and epidermal idioblast with druse (arrowhead) F Detail of epidermal idioblast with druse (arrowhead) G Laticifers in the midvein phloem (arrowheads) H Detail of the epidermis and collenchyma in the midvein I Vascular bundles with parenchymatical sheath in the median portion of the leaf blade (arrowheads correspond to laticiferous) J Vascular bundles in the median portion of the leaf blade (arrowheads correspond to laticifers) K-M Dissociated epidermis of both species. Manihot fallax. K. Paracytic stomata. Manihot attenuata (L-M): L Stomata distribution in the abaxial surface of the leaf blade M Stomata distribution in the adaxial surface of the leaf blade lateral to midvein N and O Schematic representation of the petiole in cross section N Manihot fallax O Manihot attenuata. CT: cortex; VC: vascular cylinder; co: collenchyma; ep: epidermis; pp: palisade parenchyma; sp: spongy parenchyma; pa: medullar parenchymatic." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.91.21465.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/175324" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">4C</figureCitation>
|
||
), parenchymatic sheath surrounding the secondary veins towards the epidermal cells on both surfaces of the leaf blade (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="51B5AF1A11310E8EBA5A15EF0024A50E" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Leaf anatomy of species. A-J Cross section of the leaf blade. Manihot fallax (A-C): A Median portion of the midvein B Median portion of the leaf blade; abaxial epidermis papilose and stomata indicated by arrow C Edge. Manihot attenuata (D-J): D Median portion of the midvein E Median portion of the leaf blade; note stomata (arrow) and epidermal idioblast with druse (arrowhead) F Detail of epidermal idioblast with druse (arrowhead) G Laticifers in the midvein phloem (arrowheads) H Detail of the epidermis and collenchyma in the midvein I Vascular bundles with parenchymatical sheath in the median portion of the leaf blade (arrowheads correspond to laticiferous) J Vascular bundles in the median portion of the leaf blade (arrowheads correspond to laticifers) K-M Dissociated epidermis of both species. Manihot fallax. K. Paracytic stomata. Manihot attenuata (L-M): L Stomata distribution in the abaxial surface of the leaf blade M Stomata distribution in the adaxial surface of the leaf blade lateral to midvein N and O Schematic representation of the petiole in cross section N Manihot fallax O Manihot attenuata. CT: cortex; VC: vascular cylinder; co: collenchyma; ep: epidermis; pp: palisade parenchyma; sp: spongy parenchyma; pa: medullar parenchymatic." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.91.21465.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/175324" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">4I</figureCitation>
|
||
) and other veins without sheath (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="A771632CF1AE66BEDFE494F2FB0D9E9F" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Leaf anatomy of species. A-J Cross section of the leaf blade. Manihot fallax (A-C): A Median portion of the midvein B Median portion of the leaf blade; abaxial epidermis papilose and stomata indicated by arrow C Edge. Manihot attenuata (D-J): D Median portion of the midvein E Median portion of the leaf blade; note stomata (arrow) and epidermal idioblast with druse (arrowhead) F Detail of epidermal idioblast with druse (arrowhead) G Laticifers in the midvein phloem (arrowheads) H Detail of the epidermis and collenchyma in the midvein I Vascular bundles with parenchymatical sheath in the median portion of the leaf blade (arrowheads correspond to laticiferous) J Vascular bundles in the median portion of the leaf blade (arrowheads correspond to laticifers) K-M Dissociated epidermis of both species. Manihot fallax. K. Paracytic stomata. Manihot attenuata (L-M): L Stomata distribution in the abaxial surface of the leaf blade M Stomata distribution in the adaxial surface of the leaf blade lateral to midvein N and O Schematic representation of the petiole in cross section N Manihot fallax O Manihot attenuata. CT: cortex; VC: vascular cylinder; co: collenchyma; ep: epidermis; pp: palisade parenchyma; sp: spongy parenchyma; pa: medullar parenchymatic." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.91.21465.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/175324" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">4J</figureCitation>
|
||
). Laticifers are also found in both species distributed along the phloem cells in the midvein, petiole and median portion of the leaf blade (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="5FFB6A23D58738D4BDE66C02BCF17171" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Leaf anatomy of species. A-J Cross section of the leaf blade. Manihot fallax (A-C): A Median portion of the midvein B Median portion of the leaf blade; abaxial epidermis papilose and stomata indicated by arrow C Edge. Manihot attenuata (D-J): D Median portion of the midvein E Median portion of the leaf blade; note stomata (arrow) and epidermal idioblast with druse (arrowhead) F Detail of epidermal idioblast with druse (arrowhead) G Laticifers in the midvein phloem (arrowheads) H Detail of the epidermis and collenchyma in the midvein I Vascular bundles with parenchymatical sheath in the median portion of the leaf blade (arrowheads correspond to laticiferous) J Vascular bundles in the median portion of the leaf blade (arrowheads correspond to laticifers) K-M Dissociated epidermis of both species. Manihot fallax. K. Paracytic stomata. Manihot attenuata (L-M): L Stomata distribution in the abaxial surface of the leaf blade M Stomata distribution in the adaxial surface of the leaf blade lateral to midvein N and O Schematic representation of the petiole in cross section N Manihot fallax O Manihot attenuata. CT: cortex; VC: vascular cylinder; co: collenchyma; ep: epidermis; pp: palisade parenchyma; sp: spongy parenchyma; pa: medullar parenchymatic." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.91.21465.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/175324" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">4G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Additionally, the petiole has epidermal cells and cortex similar to those of the midvein (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="4EF5E771C1212BD82A53A44CA47E8D57" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Leaf anatomy of species. A-J Cross section of the leaf blade. Manihot fallax (A-C): A Median portion of the midvein B Median portion of the leaf blade; abaxial epidermis papilose and stomata indicated by arrow C Edge. Manihot attenuata (D-J): D Median portion of the midvein E Median portion of the leaf blade; note stomata (arrow) and epidermal idioblast with druse (arrowhead) F Detail of epidermal idioblast with druse (arrowhead) G Laticifers in the midvein phloem (arrowheads) H Detail of the epidermis and collenchyma in the midvein I Vascular bundles with parenchymatical sheath in the median portion of the leaf blade (arrowheads correspond to laticiferous) J Vascular bundles in the median portion of the leaf blade (arrowheads correspond to laticifers) K-M Dissociated epidermis of both species. Manihot fallax. K. Paracytic stomata. Manihot attenuata (L-M): L Stomata distribution in the abaxial surface of the leaf blade M Stomata distribution in the adaxial surface of the leaf blade lateral to midvein N and O Schematic representation of the petiole in cross section N Manihot fallax O Manihot attenuata. CT: cortex; VC: vascular cylinder; co: collenchyma; ep: epidermis; pp: palisade parenchyma; sp: spongy parenchyma; pa: medullar parenchymatic." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.91.21465.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/175324" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">4N, O</figureCitation>
|
||
). The stomata are paracytic in both species (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="3858755045E4F5B2B70D09BFEDAB2CCC" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Leaf anatomy of species. A-J Cross section of the leaf blade. Manihot fallax (A-C): A Median portion of the midvein B Median portion of the leaf blade; abaxial epidermis papilose and stomata indicated by arrow C Edge. Manihot attenuata (D-J): D Median portion of the midvein E Median portion of the leaf blade; note stomata (arrow) and epidermal idioblast with druse (arrowhead) F Detail of epidermal idioblast with druse (arrowhead) G Laticifers in the midvein phloem (arrowheads) H Detail of the epidermis and collenchyma in the midvein I Vascular bundles with parenchymatical sheath in the median portion of the leaf blade (arrowheads correspond to laticiferous) J Vascular bundles in the median portion of the leaf blade (arrowheads correspond to laticifers) K-M Dissociated epidermis of both species. Manihot fallax. K. Paracytic stomata. Manihot attenuata (L-M): L Stomata distribution in the abaxial surface of the leaf blade M Stomata distribution in the adaxial surface of the leaf blade lateral to midvein N and O Schematic representation of the petiole in cross section N Manihot fallax O Manihot attenuata. CT: cortex; VC: vascular cylinder; co: collenchyma; ep: epidermis; pp: palisade parenchyma; sp: spongy parenchyma; pa: medullar parenchymatic." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.91.21465.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/175324" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">4K</figureCitation>
|
||
), evenly distributed on the abaxial surface of the leaf blade (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="CB5B0C09BD4768A54CDEB39852E1720A" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Leaf anatomy of species. A-J Cross section of the leaf blade. Manihot fallax (A-C): A Median portion of the midvein B Median portion of the leaf blade; abaxial epidermis papilose and stomata indicated by arrow C Edge. Manihot attenuata (D-J): D Median portion of the midvein E Median portion of the leaf blade; note stomata (arrow) and epidermal idioblast with druse (arrowhead) F Detail of epidermal idioblast with druse (arrowhead) G Laticifers in the midvein phloem (arrowheads) H Detail of the epidermis and collenchyma in the midvein I Vascular bundles with parenchymatical sheath in the median portion of the leaf blade (arrowheads correspond to laticiferous) J Vascular bundles in the median portion of the leaf blade (arrowheads correspond to laticifers) K-M Dissociated epidermis of both species. Manihot fallax. K. Paracytic stomata. Manihot attenuata (L-M): L Stomata distribution in the abaxial surface of the leaf blade M Stomata distribution in the adaxial surface of the leaf blade lateral to midvein N and O Schematic representation of the petiole in cross section N Manihot fallax O Manihot attenuata. CT: cortex; VC: vascular cylinder; co: collenchyma; ep: epidermis; pp: palisade parenchyma; sp: spongy parenchyma; pa: medullar parenchymatic." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.91.21465.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/175324" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">4L</figureCitation>
|
||
) and in a parallel and continuous band on each side of the midrib (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="4EAEBD134EC0A3A57420C8AE738935D3" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Leaf anatomy of species. A-J Cross section of the leaf blade. Manihot fallax (A-C): A Median portion of the midvein B Median portion of the leaf blade; abaxial epidermis papilose and stomata indicated by arrow C Edge. Manihot attenuata (D-J): D Median portion of the midvein E Median portion of the leaf blade; note stomata (arrow) and epidermal idioblast with druse (arrowhead) F Detail of epidermal idioblast with druse (arrowhead) G Laticifers in the midvein phloem (arrowheads) H Detail of the epidermis and collenchyma in the midvein I Vascular bundles with parenchymatical sheath in the median portion of the leaf blade (arrowheads correspond to laticiferous) J Vascular bundles in the median portion of the leaf blade (arrowheads correspond to laticifers) K-M Dissociated epidermis of both species. Manihot fallax. K. Paracytic stomata. Manihot attenuata (L-M): L Stomata distribution in the abaxial surface of the leaf blade M Stomata distribution in the adaxial surface of the leaf blade lateral to midvein N and O Schematic representation of the petiole in cross section N Manihot fallax O Manihot attenuata. CT: cortex; VC: vascular cylinder; co: collenchyma; ep: epidermis; pp: palisade parenchyma; sp: spongy parenchyma; pa: medullar parenchymatic." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.91.21465.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/175324" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">4M</figureCitation>
|
||
). Due to the stomatal pattern, both species have amphistomatic leaves.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E766DC829EC9BB224029A7E432A6FA4A" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">
|
||
Amongst the anatomical features that differ between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="197E5654C39EB3F11A8E38933271AD32" lsidName="M. fallax" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" rank="species" species="fallax">
|
||
<emphasis id="E917F129A3FA0ADEAEEEFCC17852634D" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">M. fallax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7ECA0E10C6E05B9C5E65AE86D5674AD8" lsidName="M. attenuata" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" rank="species" species="attenuata">
|
||
<emphasis id="3927DFE449CFDEBED93EECE98F1312A1" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">M. attenuata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the presence the fibres in the vascular cylinder in the midvein, the papillae in the epidermal cells and the arrangement and number of collateral bundles in the petiole have been cited by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CD5015CDCECBDE0DDE9DE8F30D853552" author="Allem, AC" journalOrPublisher="Iheringia, Serie Botanica" pageId="8" pageNumber="147" refId="B2" refString="Allem, AC, 1984. A revision of ManihotsectionQuinquelobae (Euphorbiaceae). Dissertation, Department of Botany, University of Reading." title="A revision of ManihotsectionQuinquelobae (Euphorbiaceae). Dissertation, Department of Botany, University of Reading." year="1984">Allem (1984)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A6F67206AFBA40F5407D0BD559F63C6E" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s40415-014-0057-2" author="Cunha Neto, IL" journalOrPublisher="Boletim de Botanica da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="8" pageNumber="147" refId="B8" refString="Cunha Neto, IL, Martins, FM, Caiafa, AN, Martins, MLL, 2014. Leaf anatomy as subsidy to the taxonomy of wild Manihot species in Quinquelobae section (Euphorbiaceae). Brazilian Journal of Botany: 481-494. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40415-014-0057-2" title="Leaf anatomy as subsidy to the taxonomy of wild Manihot species in Quinquelobae section (Euphorbiaceae). Brazilian Journal of Botany: 481 - 494." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s40415-014-0057-2" year="2014">Cunha Neto et al. (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AAFD7B891B429F5605BA9D5ED82B6A2B" DOI="https://doi.org/10.4238/gmr.15017495" author="Graciano-Ribeiro, D" journalOrPublisher="Genetics and Molecular Research" pageId="8" pageNumber="147" pagination="1 - 13" refId="B12" refString="Graciano-Ribeiro, D, Hashimoto-Freitas, DY, Nassar, NMA, 2016. Comparative petiole anatomy of cassava (Manihot) species. Genetics and Molecular Research 15: 1 - 13, DOI: https://doi.org/10.4238/gmr.15017495" title="Comparative petiole anatomy of cassava (Manihot) species." url="https://doi.org/10.4238/gmr.15017495" volume="15" year="2016">Graciano-Ribeiro et al. (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as characters that help differentiate species in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30758AF4A7A4E918D5B07557FA656E73" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Manihot" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Manihot" order="Malpighiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F61CBC3A7C760F6D5A698F4500DD876B" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">Manihot</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |