141 lines
16 KiB
XML
141 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document id="20FEA18C1B4741A06CB330B820CA5B6D" ID-CLB-Dataset="35424" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.361.6448" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4f6ecf86-d77f-4c6a-803c-1bbc5ec78679" ID-PMC="PMC3867118" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-361-27" ID-PubMed="24363595" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2013" ModsDocID="1313-2970-361-27" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 361" ModsDocTitle="Reassessment of Paleotachina Townsend and Electrotachina Townsend and their removal from the Tachinidae (Diptera)" checkinTime="1451246575341" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="O'Hara, James E., Raper, Christopher M., Pont, Adrian C. & Whitmore, Daniel" docDate="2013" docId="DDE9FDFBD6AD84AE70F92275ADC4574C" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 361: 27-36" docOrigin="ZooKeys 361" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.361.6448" docTitle="Dolichotachina smithii Townsend 1938, comb. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="33" masterDocId="E345FFA7B630D07991610A24205FFFFC" masterDocTitle="Reassessment of Paleotachina Townsend and Electrotachina Townsend and their removal from the Tachinidae (Diptera)" masterLastPageNumber="36" masterPageNumber="27" pageNumber="31" updateTime="1732803912055" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="F8050CA9CB9A50A5AD34B2D85F3C5552">Reassessment of Paleotachina Townsend and Electrotachina Townsend and their removal from the Tachinidae (Diptera)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="931E54CA662B446E81ABD064A1315428">O'Hara, James E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D0DF1F1B993A1E702A6340F14CF8186C">Raper, Christopher M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4DE60C5F5ACF7AEC727242D1CD85622E">Pont, Adrian C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6E58CF784A7C058BA637F6D0E9B706D1">Whitmore, Daniel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="BB5362EE7925D2FB15E9245C06320A4B">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="677B381A10B9883644DA7D4A7C4EE50D">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="E164CB7B39BA8F81492D5AAE0045DD57">361</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="25EFCB6C0B307ACDFD9F8D7AC64074A7">27</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="15C39F62DC54A9F876517F35289D719A">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.361.6448</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="6803A112F72A61CB7C3F9FCFADD50E96">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="DAC862CD6BD25F1F985B6DBE41577D11" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.361.6448</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="79BBCBEF2A4B679D3A885787AE0E4D66" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-361-27</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="DDE9FDFBD6AD84AE70F92275ADC4574C" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152050070" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DDE9FDFBD6AD84AE70F92275ADC4574C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DDE9FDFBD6AD84AE70F92275ADC4574C" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" scope_family="Tachinidae" scope_order="Diptera">
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<subSubSection id="4BD847EC9139A8019EA0E1880F962A14" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="0BB0BA4E36FCF080685885832F3A313B" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">
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<taxonomicName id="D579C8580EBAF89BEBF47D05A8ACFCC8" ID-CoL="8BV7N" LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Dolichotachina_smithii" authority="Townsend, 1938" authorityName="Townsend" authorityYear="1938" class="Insecta" family="Sarcophagidae" genus="Dolichotachina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dolichotachina smithii" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smithii">Dolichotachina smithii (Townsend, 1938)</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="C48E460A5CF052F6A525545DE148EE96" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">comb. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 7-13
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="66CED1215D9B11C4BCB84FB0DE398906" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="23DF2075BEEC7FCC3863788A7EE4BA14" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">
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<taxonomicName id="23BEBF4FE50C984E6DA829D8512570ED" class="Insecta" family="Sarcophagidae" genus="Electrotachina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Electrotachina smithii" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smithii">Electrotachina smithii</taxonomicName>
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Townsend, 1938: 166. Holotype female, in copal (NHM, No. 58551). Type locality: East Africa (
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<bibRefCitation id="28B72D3D7959007ECB029A3E5F314E13" author="Grimaldi, DA" journalOrPublisher="Curator" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" pagination="251 - 274" title="Forgeries of fossils in " amber ": history, identification and case studies." url="10.1111/j.2151-6952.1994.tb01023.x" volume="37" year="1994">Grimaldi et al. 1994</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="024F65BFFA0B676E7A963B06F094C536" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" type="remarks">
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<paragraph id="DCEDF5CCBDCDFD13440F0B7AC9A7A49E" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="032FBC315049ED57E2AF9D7D6E758F2E" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">
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<bibRefCitation id="E5F9B1B64CAF0C454497C8882E1835F5" author="Townsend, CHT" journalOrPublisher="Entomological News" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" pagination="166 - 167" title="Five new genera of fossil Oestromuscaria. (Diptera)." volume="49" year="1938">Townsend (1938</bibRefCitation>
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: 166) began his description of
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<taxonomicName id="803456211B222045684047F3FB865E56" class="Insecta" family="Sarcophagidae" genus="Electrotachina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Electrotachina" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Electrotachina</taxonomicName>
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with: "Genotype,
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<taxonomicName id="6B429F1036297772CD2AC19358D701C6" class="Insecta" family="Sarcophagidae" genus="Electrotachina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Electrotachina smithii" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smithii">Electrotachina smithii</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. For new genus
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<taxonomicName id="39268599DD06B4FAACC1F1AFD9FB141A" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Muscidae</taxonomicName>
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aff. Tachina sp. F. Smith, Quart. Jn. Sc., V, 184, pl. 18, fig. 5 (
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<bibRefCitation id="E9628FCE580D039D706DF94303E4BD6C" author="Smith, F" journalOrPublisher="Quarterly Journal of Science" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" pagination="183 - 184" title="Explanation of the plate of organic remains found in amber." volume="5" year="1868">1868</bibRefCitation>
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). Fly Lower Oligocene of Baltic amber". A brief description followed, ending with the statement "probably exoristid or tachinid stock". There is no indication that Townsend examined the specimen and his description is consistent with the drawing of a fly in fig. 5 in
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<bibRefCitation id="8D87F30C33E41A3819E20BA08D29148F" author="Smith, F" journalOrPublisher="Quarterly Journal of Science" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" pagination="183 - 184" title="Explanation of the plate of organic remains found in amber." volume="5" year="1868">Smith (1868)</bibRefCitation>
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. As with
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<taxonomicName id="72772C1E18C2BF67929CF8564515A721" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Paleotachina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paleotachina" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Paleotachina</taxonomicName>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="63612A362295B93B17934E7926325C26" author="Townsend, CHT" journalOrPublisher="Itaquaquecetuba, Sao Paulo" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" title="Manual of myiology in twelve parts. Part XII. General consideration of the Oestromuscaria. Geologic history & geographic distribution-environment & response-relations to man-hosts & flowers-bibliography & plates." year="1942">Townsend (1942</bibRefCitation>
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: 12) later provided a brief description of the genus, presumably from fig. 5 in
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<bibRefCitation id="DB6869BBDF2C5605361C163959407E3F" author="Smith, F" journalOrPublisher="Quarterly Journal of Science" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" pagination="183 - 184" title="Explanation of the plate of organic remains found in amber." volume="5" year="1868">Smith (1868)</bibRefCitation>
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, and referred to the genus as "almost certainly exoristid stock".
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3B0A9BEC5744FB330F0C5DCA2DAAFA6F" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">
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<pageBreakToken id="562FB84FC7966740D4FE16A44C652078" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" start="start">As</pageBreakToken>
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with
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<taxonomicName id="EFF49500EED693BDBADB0019AA4871CB" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Paleotachina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paleotachina smithii" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smithii">Paleotachina smithii</taxonomicName>
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, certain liberties were taken in the depiction of NHM specimen #58551 (holotype of
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<taxonomicName id="F92662C9159F6469C78D9C34FED84C0C" class="Insecta" family="Sarcophagidae" genus="Electrotachina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Electrotachina smithii" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smithii">Electrotachina smithii</taxonomicName>
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) in fig. 5 in
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<bibRefCitation id="A673AA15355C905F43EA6BFDC4897C2A" author="Smith, F" journalOrPublisher="Quarterly Journal of Science" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" pagination="183 - 184" title="Explanation of the plate of organic remains found in amber." volume="5" year="1868">Smith (1868)</bibRefCitation>
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, and it may also have been shown as a mirror image of the original specimen; cf. Figs 7, 13.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B34FA5B5E31F7258B7D6F002076D070A" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">
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<taxonomicName id="668B187AE372AD00AB8E2A3A875FB4C6" class="Insecta" family="Sarcophagidae" genus="Electrotachina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Electrotachina smithii" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smithii">
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<pageBreakToken id="2DA0FA9D8C15D062A2359E40F29E2B83" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" start="start">Electrotachina</pageBreakToken>
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smithii
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</taxonomicName>
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belongs to the family
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<taxonomicName id="E3B39C0558B46D63028B0CD83DD9A6D9" class="Insecta" family="Sarcophagidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Sarcophagidae</taxonomicName>
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, subfamily
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<taxonomicName id="1948185B57904457E2DC67D35EB798CB" lsidName="" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Miltogramminae">Miltogramminae</taxonomicName>
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. The holotype female has a body length of about 7 mm and is preserved in a small block of copal (approx. 15
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<normalizedToken id="34AAB5B742BA1B9429FA4F95D2B92C81" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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10
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<normalizedToken id="C3261A8D7CB59FA3C4DE83C2BED6C304" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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7 mm) together with two other adult dipterans: a small female
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<taxonomicName id="F1A839EE531F7BA2ED22BB3DEDCCC15B" class="Insecta" family="Agromyzidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Agromyzidae</taxonomicName>
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and a
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<taxonomicName id="6B002878DD980B77D05C08EA750489AC" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cecidomyiidae</taxonomicName>
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. The specimen is in very good condition except for the lack of its right fore tarsus. Antennae, wings and chaetotaxy are all in excellent condition. The specimen can be confidently assigned to the genus
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<taxonomicName id="263080A6A37FCBA4F419534A6F81AFBA" class="Insecta" family="Sarcophagidae" genus="Dolichotachina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dolichotachina" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Dolichotachina</taxonomicName>
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based on the following combination of external character states: arista short pubescent, thickened on approximately basal 1/5; eye bare; parafacial with an uneven row of setae anteriorly; proepisternum bare; katepisternum with two, widely separated, setae; mid tibia with one anterodorsal seta; wing cell r4+5 open at wing margin.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0350B184AA19D0726334549D3FF28FA5" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">
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In addition to the above features,
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<taxonomicName id="27E7BCB25EDB039C22C89F71A2589793" class="Insecta" family="Sarcophagidae" genus="Dolichotachina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dolichotachina smithii" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smithii">Dolichotachina smithii</taxonomicName>
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is characterized by an elongated postpedicel (about 3 times length of pedicel), relatively short vibrissa, and short proboscis (about twice as long as wide).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="43DAB6719CCD265C6A5725805E42B322" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">
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<taxonomicName id="2A08A2870CDBA982722061D43E7ABB70" class="Insecta" family="Sarcophagidae" genus="Dolichotachina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dolichotachina" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Dolichotachina</taxonomicName>
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is a mainly Afrotropical genus with 12 species previously known from this region (
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<bibRefCitation id="11A48AEE862508ABCCB5A346932D38B6" author="Pape, T" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs on Entomology, International" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" pagination="1 - 558" title="Catalogue of the Sarcophagidae of the world (Insecta: Diptera)." volume="8" year="1996">Pape 1996</bibRefCitation>
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). Material recently collected in Burundi and Namibia has demonstrated that the Afrotropical diversity of
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<taxonomicName id="1538ED625334958880B53458C37D027C" class="Insecta" family="Sarcophagidae" genus="Dolichotachina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dolichotachina" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Dolichotachina</taxonomicName>
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is probably greatly underestimated (Whitmore & Pape, unpublished). The condition of the holotype and the difficulty of identifying
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<taxonomicName id="C465DCBC8134E03157C95D53B3928B56" class="Insecta" family="Sarcophagidae" genus="Dolichotachina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dolichotachina" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Dolichotachina</taxonomicName>
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females have not allowed us to verify whether this specimen is conspecific with any of the other described species. Lacking any strong indication to the contrary, we consider
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<taxonomicName id="DD5073239E12299B17CB7DC60412E543" class="Insecta" family="Sarcophagidae" genus="Dolichotachina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dolichotachina smithii" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smithii">Dolichotachina smithii</taxonomicName>
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to be a valid, probably extant, species from East Africa.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |