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<document ID-CLB-Dataset="265715" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.7.110022" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2a5cda83-bc3e-40de-9bb9-6480d4dd0dfb" ID-Pensoft-Pub="2535-0730-2-285" ID-Pensoft-UUID="471E833C8E565F76983D784DA3BF9629" ID-ZooBank="AD14BFA1E6E74801A37EF32D90DAD9D1" ModsDocID="2535-0730-7-2-285" checkinTime="1693902174277" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Rossi, Giullia de F., Castanheira, Pedro de S., Baptista, Renner L. C. &amp; Framenau, Volker W." docDate="2023" docId="DD997FCBF8DB518491C9DEB7E3EB7362" docLanguage="en" docName="EvolutSyst 7(2): 285-292" docOrigin="Evolutionary Systematics 7 (2)" docPubDate="2023-09-04" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.7.110022" docTitle="Venomius Rossi &amp; Castanheira &amp; Baptista &amp; Framenau 2023, gen. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="484F0327-4F9B-4743-8C32-9001EC24761E" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" id="471E833C8E565F76983D784DA3BF9629" lastPageNumber="285" masterDocId="471E833C8E565F76983D784DA3BF9629" masterDocTitle="Venomius, a new monotypic genus of Australian orb-weaving spiders (Araneae, Araneidae)" masterLastPageNumber="292" masterPageNumber="285" pageNumber="285" updateTime="1732883233976" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="875E9CE340E7C607D4D8A72866A5891E">Venomius, a new monotypic genus of Australian orb-weaving spiders (Araneae, Araneidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CE0D9E11B53DD03BA05C63B51584B544">Rossi, Giullia de F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3B1DCEE686D40CBB4C8D051DE6247384">Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, 90 South St, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="E7901EBA85C5221831B1227B7D92EA0E">Castanheira, Pedro de S.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="2A3920C545E7195D24C0CF42F9C87805" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0623-1622</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="E6085763B069BBBAAD278C6328B4427E">Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, 90 South St, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="1E433B1BD5E1622655B39ED534CD3457" type="email">pedro.castanheira@murdoch.edu.au</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="DD91D4ECD34B3AEC35F8CA520C853FEA">Baptista, Renner L. C.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="41ED79D03BE3C33F2E586C524BE13817">Laboratorio de Diversidade de Aracnideos, Universidade do Brasil / Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, 21941 - 902, Ilha do Fundao, Rio de Janeiro / RJ, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="C2A1819B0610143901DBB2A140EA5953">Framenau, Volker W.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="81A0F56FA60FFA6FC34A9B50364CD133" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7724-3831</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="898F277C50937F3D40C8CC313CA50E09">Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, 90 South St, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia &amp; Department of Terrestrial Zoology, Western Australian Museum, Locked Bag 49, Welshpool DC, Western Australia, 6986, Australia &amp; Zoological Museum Hamburg, Leibnitz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change (LIB), Centre for Taxonomy &amp; Morphology, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="EABFEF0AA3B828E0C0045FE35E2E8098">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="7320279019BC243B8FEBC354B21A55A6">7</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="821378049309DDAF333BC4CF8D87A551">2</mods:number>
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<treatment id="DD997FCBF8DB518491C9DEB7E3EB7362" ID-GBIF-Taxon="212779849" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:484F0327-4F9B-4743-8C32-9001EC24761E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DD997FCBF8DB518491C9DEB7E3EB7362" lastPageNumber="285" pageId="0" pageNumber="285" scope_family="Araneidae" scope_order="Araneae">
<subSubSection id="3120BBF650F636DF1266C325C5771809" pageId="0" pageNumber="285" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="869AAFCAB242F8EE6DAE704481A22BEC" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">
<taxonomicName id="450DB586F1B2FDC00518BFD8F48FE7A5" LSID="https://zoobank.org/484F0327-4F9B-4743-8C32-9001EC24761E" authority="Rossi &amp; Castanheira &amp; Baptista &amp; Framenau, 2023" authorityName="Rossi &amp; Castanheira &amp; Baptista &amp; Framenau" authorityYear="2023" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Venomius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Venomius" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="285" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Venomius</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="983B047D6BBBC88180B71362757219EB" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="CDACB24A52801A838873219DDEDFE050" pageId="0" pageNumber="285" type="type species">
<paragraph id="F1EFD67CAEB345C63D619BD6F98392C1" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">Type species.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="02133DD6D0FA6B48C9D47547BF093B0F" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">
<taxonomicName id="68B3FAE3BAE189B3484BD37F98D0B5DA" authorityName="Rossi &amp; Castanheira &amp; Baptista &amp; Framenau" authorityYear="2023" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Venomius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Venomius tomhardyi" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="285" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tomhardyi">
<emphasis id="BDD6ECC6A9680F047ACC886FE7D7BAD5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">Venomius tomhardyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.; by monotypy.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="215B362B53E66E7AAA29CEEC0C9F4CB1" pageId="0" pageNumber="285" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="A707695AA2FBB470D4086AD8ECB77AAB" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9792EDCC977796CCB290C1D811EC3315" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">
The new genus
<taxonomicName id="63971F1D5A8206BB8955323AA3E397EE" authorityName="Rossi &amp; Castanheira &amp; Baptista &amp; Framenau" authorityYear="2023" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Venomius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Venomius" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="285" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="76BD3ABEBCFE3F0BE0D04E70BBFDDA65" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">Venomius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is named after the Marvel
<normalizedToken id="1C5596ABAFABFA451931611274E83145" originalValue="Comics">Comics'</normalizedToken>
character
<normalizedToken id="6A5A2F5D564BE851B188EC266CA75620" originalValue="“Venom”">&quot;Venom&quot;</normalizedToken>
, created by David Michelinie and Todd McFarlane, whose full first appearance was in &quot;The Amazing Spider-Man #300&quot; (published in May 1988), after an alien symbiote bonded with the character Eddie Brock. This genus-group name is a reference to the head of the character Venom, with conspicuous black spots, that resembles the abdomen of our species, specifically the male holotype (Fig.
<figureCitation id="209C4B258BA4F66F5821E78B83189D17" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Venomius tomhardyi sp. nov., male holotype (QVM: 2023: 13: 0100). A dorsal habitus B ventral habitus C-E left pedipalp: C retrolateral view D dorsal view E mesal view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.2 mm (C-E). Arrow in D points to the setal socket of the patellar macroseta." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/900920" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">1A</figureCitation>
). The gender of the genus-group name
<taxonomicName id="833F27942039284BC6B3754EAF344797" authorityName="Rossi &amp; Castanheira &amp; Baptista &amp; Framenau" authorityYear="2023" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Venomius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Venomius" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="285" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="134FF5F1DB5898B3B234569DD273BA5D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">Venomius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is masculine.
</paragraph>
<caption id="C860CC7A1074EEF32C883B8A3A83E904" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/900920" pageId="0" pageNumber="285" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
<paragraph id="6436987058D7FE30611097AE67486537" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">
<emphasis id="A828B17435D8B32D3A71BD454FA8D325" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">Figure 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="0D2AB0CAC95066D12000EAC9ABDED164" authorityName="Rossi &amp; Castanheira &amp; Baptista &amp; Framenau" authorityYear="2023" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Venomius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Venomius tomhardyi" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="285" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tomhardyi">
<emphasis id="1857D428F6B06C5671091C1D12337B3B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">Venomius tomhardyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., male holotype (QVM:2023:13:0100).
<emphasis id="CF92799D5F188A86168974235C7B0618" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">A</emphasis>
dorsal habitus
<emphasis id="CCC603821CFE9FFDF0FC8AE0617416CA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">B</emphasis>
ventral habitus
<emphasis id="727A0F6E7650FD42B5B82F79A068C72D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">C-E</emphasis>
left pedipalp:
<emphasis id="E3E303A208F2BF8B8A3385F4B2B8A937" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">C</emphasis>
retrolateral view
<emphasis id="005479E2E5AAF91B43B5BFB0AF82668E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">D</emphasis>
dorsal view
<emphasis id="E1E334E08B6F0DAD7330BEFADEFD8668" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">E</emphasis>
mesal view. Scale bars: 2 mm (
<emphasis id="61F15DE0DAC53C3EF7556BEC01697C2C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">A, B</emphasis>
); 0.2 mm (
<emphasis id="259DCBB761E33A7E5EA93ABAAABB8749" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">C-E</emphasis>
). Arrow in
<emphasis id="1D9564670D75309C208977E753A9BB04" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">D</emphasis>
points to the setal socket of the patellar macroseta.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B5BFC2F91D38D642D95E4B1787C9DB4F" pageId="0" pageNumber="285" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="2AB82B5C36CFEBEB437A055F07E799D7" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9C1D7E64947ACDF29B5B3C60CEC024DE" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">
Somatically, specimens of
<taxonomicName id="EDD57B7C826469B0FF5F31205E95D1E5" authorityName="Rossi &amp; Castanheira &amp; Baptista &amp; Framenau" authorityYear="2023" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Venomius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Venomius" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="285" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7C1F502A98A369007B406784A5C3E790" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">Venomius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
gen. nov. resemble those of
<taxonomicName id="0028224EC0AC3F8B758A888667DB77F4" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Phonognatha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phonognatha" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="285" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5D4029A6F2F10E1E4D47D571976A0190" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">Phonognatha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
due to the similar abdomen shape and colouration of both genera (elongate cylindrical with dark brown to black markings dorsally on paler area) (Figs
<figureCitation id="583803F983D3843F874A842441F0BFAC" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Venomius tomhardyi sp. nov., male holotype (QVM: 2023: 13: 0100). A dorsal habitus B ventral habitus C-E left pedipalp: C retrolateral view D dorsal view E mesal view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.2 mm (C-E). Arrow in D points to the setal socket of the patellar macroseta." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/900920" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">1A, B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="C9473BB5CAF5B65994182DA851B8E20F" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Venomius tomhardyi sp. nov., female (HBI N 30976 - 32). A dorsal habitus B ventral habitus C epigyne, ventral view D epigyne, lateral view E epigyne, posterior view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.2 mm (C-E)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/900922" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">3A, B</figureCitation>
vs
<bibRefCitation id="9FE685ABCB7AF5B556C9A2E83F00AAA4" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zly014" author="Kallal, RJ" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="285" pagination="1055 - 1141" refId="B11" refString="Kallal, RJ, Hormiga, G, 2018. Systematics, phylogeny and biogeography of the Australasian leaf-curling orb-weaving spiders (Araneae: Araneidae: Zygiellinae), with a comparative analysis of retreat evolution. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 184: 1055 - 1141, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zly014" title="Systematics, phylogeny and biogeography of the Australasian leaf-curling orb-weaving spiders (Araneae: Araneidae: Zygiellinae), with a comparative analysis of retreat evolution." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zly014" volume="184" year="2018">Kallal and Hormiga 2018</bibRefCitation>
, e.g., figs 12A, 13A, 17A, 20A). However, the genital morphology of
<taxonomicName id="65497CEB132C43CD11871F54604B0FBE" authorityName="Rossi &amp; Castanheira &amp; Baptista &amp; Framenau" authorityYear="2023" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Venomius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Venomius" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="285" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EBF7AA83BDBE5A722B79F4D4CB6626EB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">Venomius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
gen. nov. is quite different from
<taxonomicName id="30DDDCDC98F5E5A5BDEF2261E54E5422" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Phonognatha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phonognatha" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="285" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="3B30135D7D96C908034C2C4DDE0F24C6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">Phonognatha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Males do not have the genital synapomorphies of
<taxonomicName id="48162C5AE951E4089884E8B65D7CCF34" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Phonognatha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phonognatha" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="285" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B227E1113E048ACFED46822B9729163E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">Phonognatha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(i.e., the elongate conductor in which the embolus lies or the lack of a median apophysis;
<bibRefCitation id="D671DB104ECF8BD8C794DCDF38528EC2" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zly014" author="Kallal, RJ" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="285" pagination="1055 - 1141" refId="B11" refString="Kallal, RJ, Hormiga, G, 2018. Systematics, phylogeny and biogeography of the Australasian leaf-curling orb-weaving spiders (Araneae: Araneidae: Zygiellinae), with a comparative analysis of retreat evolution. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 184: 1055 - 1141, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zly014" title="Systematics, phylogeny and biogeography of the Australasian leaf-curling orb-weaving spiders (Araneae: Araneidae: Zygiellinae), with a comparative analysis of retreat evolution." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zly014" volume="184" year="2018">Kallal and Hormiga 2018</bibRefCitation>
, p. 1079) nor do females (epigyne without scape and lobed spermathecae). Similarly, the genital morphology is very different to that of
<taxonomicName id="D47604031AEF680FAE45CC33401B5C7D" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1894" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Deliochus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Deliochus" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="285" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="45AB39C5C4DA0114371783F742DE659A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">Deliochus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Simon, 1894 and
<taxonomicName id="071FB9B6CBA4DBC001ACBBCFE96CD8A0" authorityName="Kallal &amp; Hormiga" authorityYear="2022" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Artiphex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Artiphex" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="285" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="51EFE3E7CBE9BDC1A2973E06DA1C6C94" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">Artiphex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Kallal &amp; Hormiga, 2022, the other representatives of the
<taxonomicName id="09B4A000CB2F16A098CED5ACF04C5DD9" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="285" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phonognathinae">Phonognathinae</taxonomicName>
Simon, 1894 (sensu
<bibRefCitation id="AE0858FE7CFCE251DBAB4B21B6A31FD4" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syz043" author="Kallal, RJ" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="285" pagination="401 - 411" refId="B12" refString="Kallal, RJ, Dimitrov, D, Arnedo, MA, Giribet, G, Hormiga, G, 2020. Monophyly, taxon sampling, and the nature of ranks in the classification of orb-weaving spiders (Araneae: Araneoidea). Systematic Biology 69: 401 - 411, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syz043" title="Monophyly, taxon sampling, and the nature of ranks in the classification of orb-weaving spiders (Araneae: Araneoidea)." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syz043" volume="69" year="2020">Kallal et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
)/
<taxonomicName id="F6DF6F5AF696ED1928E2DA1E25EB9D85" family="Phonognathidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="285" rank="family">Phonognathidae</taxonomicName>
Simon, 1894 (sensu
<bibRefCitation id="A899933B7B7D0CEB7E64CFDC8E9F5ECC" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syad021" author="Kuntner, M" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="285" pagination="964 - 971" refId="B13" refString="Kuntner, M, Candek, K, Gregoric, M, Turk, E, Hamilton, CA, Chamberland, L, Starrett, J, Cheng, RC, Coddington, JA, Agnarsson, I, Bond, JE, 2023. Increasing information content and diagnosability in family-level classifications. Systematic Biology 72: 964 - 971, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syad021" title="Increasing information content and diagnosability in family-level classifications." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syad021" volume="72" year="2023">Kuntner et al. 2023</bibRefCitation>
) in Australia.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3D6B10DF8B6A3C31DD41743F02E8AA63" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">
Within an Australian context, an elongate cylindrical abdomen is also present in
<taxonomicName id="800DB791FF7CFC0E1F52DB255E3C92A8" authorityName="Framenau &amp; Kuntner" authorityYear="2022" class="Arachnida" genus="Leviana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leviana" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="285" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="542D9300BE5BB9FD72485A36E3C79B05" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">Leviana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but genital morphology is also very different in this genus. The male pedipalp in
<taxonomicName id="15B50164EACE4A670AC2371E3EC1B9EC" authorityName="Framenau &amp; Kuntner" authorityYear="2022" class="Arachnida" genus="Leviana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leviana" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="285" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E82AF20E5E4ECC5E381D83C924BED9DD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">Leviana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a median apophysis with a basal arch over the radix that carries an internal spur, a proposed synapomorphy of this genus (Framenau and Kunter 2022; p. 107). In contrast,
<taxonomicName id="2A5CCC0AFBC906024C685B28CF533EF9" authorityName="Rossi &amp; Castanheira &amp; Baptista &amp; Framenau" authorityYear="2023" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Venomius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Venomius" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="285" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2FEA33C16B171A34A75F647E34EE3AFA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">Venomius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
gen. nov. do not have such an arch or spur (Figs
<figureCitation id="2C8F6E4AF71612BD4ED4DF58079CE74E" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Venomius tomhardyi sp. nov., male holotype (QVM: 2023: 13: 0100). A dorsal habitus B ventral habitus C-E left pedipalp: C retrolateral view D dorsal view E mesal view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.2 mm (C-E). Arrow in D points to the setal socket of the patellar macroseta." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/900920" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">1C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="E81D4A6EE592055D567A5D5FD3FBB8B6" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Venomius tomhardyi sp. nov., male, expanded left pedipalp (HBI N 30488 - 22). A ventral view B retrolateral view C dorsal view D apical view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/900921" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">2A</figureCitation>
). Female epigynes of
<taxonomicName id="4FE35949837DC03727FBD9B19A7987AB" authorityName="Framenau &amp; Kuntner" authorityYear="2022" class="Arachnida" genus="Leviana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leviana" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="285" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="97AAE56B2FA9BA20C2BF1BF77E065F5A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">Leviana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have an elongated thin scape (although it is often broken off), but the scape is short and broad in
<taxonomicName id="DEA245346F505E2D2B31747C6CF4844E" authorityName="Rossi &amp; Castanheira &amp; Baptista &amp; Framenau" authorityYear="2023" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Venomius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Venomius" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="285" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FEB83747FCD8F3C81BDC913EA9FA4F18" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">Venomius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
gen. nov. covering the epigyne atrium (Fig.
<figureCitation id="6E802CE03425CE98812FAC81A9068D22" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Venomius tomhardyi sp. nov., female (HBI N 30976 - 32). A dorsal habitus B ventral habitus C epigyne, ventral view D epigyne, lateral view E epigyne, posterior view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.2 mm (C-E)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/900922" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">3C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="811A0D29FAA04BB7A1310D179E801290" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/900921" pageId="0" pageNumber="285" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
<paragraph id="5A00BDA9A9AF3397F1EA6A92AD709678" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">
<emphasis id="13330B9C736B490E2858B40032C5D0DD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">Figure 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="F5882F943915772505B72AABD8DD3356" authorityName="Rossi &amp; Castanheira &amp; Baptista &amp; Framenau" authorityYear="2023" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Venomius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Venomius tomhardyi" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="285" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tomhardyi">
<emphasis id="A9BF37B05AE9B84A98463F5FBAD4F4FA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">Venomius tomhardyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., male, expanded left pedipalp (HBI N30488-22).
<emphasis id="D48D1B5BC7793DF2450188F205376449" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">A</emphasis>
ventral view
<emphasis id="3B4EB9BEDBE9BC6A47BAA4E4CAFD91DB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">B</emphasis>
retrolateral view
<emphasis id="4545773E58C12ABAD79EFA3B2EA254A3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">C</emphasis>
dorsal view
<emphasis id="FF92E497498745EF5E9BDA21B46E8407" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">D</emphasis>
apical view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="F1D220A453948D59E18E7AD154198A5C" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/900922" pageId="0" pageNumber="285" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
<paragraph id="4241B2378344DECFA493453E56CF7A5B" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">
<emphasis id="EC1CFD7B1E101E7891CC2908593BEEE3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">Figure 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="C8108B540DCF1DCC7CE10551364713F6" authorityName="Rossi &amp; Castanheira &amp; Baptista &amp; Framenau" authorityYear="2023" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Venomius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Venomius tomhardyi" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="285" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tomhardyi">
<emphasis id="90F35F5B010B939067B6040886F3A4A5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">Venomius tomhardyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., female (HBI N30976-32).
<emphasis id="0A4F6A5C661D6AA2DFB8E85788942450" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">A</emphasis>
dorsal habitus
<emphasis id="13E8C152801CD1A6E6FD6133925F3B96" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">B</emphasis>
ventral habitus
<emphasis id="413C12EF70D0A747E607B7752ED50186" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">C</emphasis>
epigyne, ventral view
<emphasis id="C4A963547A2D6E50696221B96C78DEB5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">D</emphasis>
epigyne, lateral view
<emphasis id="D3EEC149343C67CD07E9AD24D1E7F594" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">E</emphasis>
epigyne, posterior view. Scale bars: 2 mm (
<emphasis id="784AA232AD112E0DBEA40AD93EF262AD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">A, B</emphasis>
); 0.2 mm (
<emphasis id="BA9DF1D713E7E1916B0A94440654D443" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">C-E</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="51966B259425C052915E1A84455935C1" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">
We here identify the following characters to diagnose
<taxonomicName id="AD22A827BEE705C556B04218BF0563EB" authorityName="Rossi &amp; Castanheira &amp; Baptista &amp; Framenau" authorityYear="2023" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Venomius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Venomius" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="285" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E1589F363023E9F0DA1BA94F1DEF79CA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">Venomius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
gen. nov.: the male pedipalp has two strong macrosetae on the tibia; a finger-like, long paracymbium (Figs
<figureCitation id="D9BB4922B5B8E46FAEA044499C9CE4EC" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Venomius tomhardyi sp. nov., male holotype (QVM: 2023: 13: 0100). A dorsal habitus B ventral habitus C-E left pedipalp: C retrolateral view D dorsal view E mesal view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.2 mm (C-E). Arrow in D points to the setal socket of the patellar macroseta." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/900920" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">1E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="ADECA833C6F792FFF4E61535F1E8EE25" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Venomius tomhardyi sp. nov., male, expanded left pedipalp (HBI N 30488 - 22). A ventral view B retrolateral view C dorsal view D apical view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/900921" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">2B</figureCitation>
); a stipes carrying two prominent processes, a median keel and a basal round protrusion (Figs
<figureCitation id="05A5436CD191C5CAF29C2997DBCECE7C" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Venomius tomhardyi sp. nov., male holotype (QVM: 2023: 13: 0100). A dorsal habitus B ventral habitus C-E left pedipalp: C retrolateral view D dorsal view E mesal view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.2 mm (C-E). Arrow in D points to the setal socket of the patellar macroseta." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/900920" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">1C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="F7A030C8DFD8A6DE222EF66AD48EABFE" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Venomius tomhardyi sp. nov., male, expanded left pedipalp (HBI N 30488 - 22). A ventral view B retrolateral view C dorsal view D apical view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/900921" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">2A</figureCitation>
). The female epigyne is wholly covered by the scape, very broad basally with lateral lobes and a short median process (Figs
<figureCitation id="3DB1A084ABADFFBB9F0CF4408644BBA9" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Venomius tomhardyi sp. nov., female (HBI N 30976 - 32). A dorsal habitus B ventral habitus C epigyne, ventral view D epigyne, lateral view E epigyne, posterior view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.2 mm (C-E)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/900922" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">3C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="8E7E03D88A6EE1E52CE3FC63720E81AA" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Venomius tomhardyi sp. nov., female internal genitalia (QVM: 2023: 13: 0101). A ventral view B dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/900923" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">4A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9B26F5110A26A96D84F67CBE88C1FA4B" pageId="0" pageNumber="285" type="description">
<paragraph id="B48D60E95869FA72110DED84AA34FCCA" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FD7DD9266E869D12F0B99FC0D7774FAB" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">
Medium-sized orb-weaving spiders, with males (ca. TL 5.5-6.4) smaller than females (ca. TL 9.1-11.7). Carapace considerably longer than wide, pear-shaped; colour from orange-brown in males to black in females, cephalic area darker in males (Figs
<figureCitation id="D7E928DA09FB656A42E1F046636A9439" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Venomius tomhardyi sp. nov., male holotype (QVM: 2023: 13: 0100). A dorsal habitus B ventral habitus C-E left pedipalp: C retrolateral view D dorsal view E mesal view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.2 mm (C-E). Arrow in D points to the setal socket of the patellar macroseta." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/900920" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">1A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="ECF43ACDAB4DA77F32DB26AE94956543" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Venomius tomhardyi sp. nov., female (HBI N 30976 - 32). A dorsal habitus B ventral habitus C epigyne, ventral view D epigyne, lateral view E epigyne, posterior view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.2 mm (C-E)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/900922" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">3A</figureCitation>
). Fovea transverse (Figs
<figureCitation id="C89522EF30BB1135357BCC5BFA3DC347" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Venomius tomhardyi sp. nov., male holotype (QVM: 2023: 13: 0100). A dorsal habitus B ventral habitus C-E left pedipalp: C retrolateral view D dorsal view E mesal view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.2 mm (C-E). Arrow in D points to the setal socket of the patellar macroseta." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/900920" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">1A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="82EFA3D3256926BC37EB13AD2E032EA7" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Venomius tomhardyi sp. nov., female (HBI N 30976 - 32). A dorsal habitus B ventral habitus C epigyne, ventral view D epigyne, lateral view E epigyne, posterior view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.2 mm (C-E)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/900922" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">3A</figureCitation>
). Row of posterior eyes slightly recurved, lateral eyes almost touching; anterior median eyes slightly protruding from the carapace in both sexes (Figs
<figureCitation id="5AB2D99C88F7080F3F26FBDCDA989E8C" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Venomius tomhardyi sp. nov., male holotype (QVM: 2023: 13: 0100). A dorsal habitus B ventral habitus C-E left pedipalp: C retrolateral view D dorsal view E mesal view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.2 mm (C-E). Arrow in D points to the setal socket of the patellar macroseta." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/900920" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">1A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="7533CBD6A6A598691C743A2BA753D992" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Venomius tomhardyi sp. nov., female (HBI N 30976 - 32). A dorsal habitus B ventral habitus C epigyne, ventral view D epigyne, lateral view E epigyne, posterior view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.2 mm (C-E)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/900922" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">3A</figureCitation>
). Sternum longer than wide, from orange-brown to black (Figs
<figureCitation id="31FA881D8E7A9ACD683D956B17AC936D" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Venomius tomhardyi sp. nov., male holotype (QVM: 2023: 13: 0100). A dorsal habitus B ventral habitus C-E left pedipalp: C retrolateral view D dorsal view E mesal view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.2 mm (C-E). Arrow in D points to the setal socket of the patellar macroseta." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/900920" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">1B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="A0F40F9DE609D910EA0C4CEB84EC1916" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Venomius tomhardyi sp. nov., female (HBI N 30976 - 32). A dorsal habitus B ventral habitus C epigyne, ventral view D epigyne, lateral view E epigyne, posterior view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.2 mm (C-E)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/900922" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">3B</figureCitation>
). Labium wider than long, with anterior pale edge (Figs
<figureCitation id="B39DD1C411CBF4F6F1A2586A17954339" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Venomius tomhardyi sp. nov., male holotype (QVM: 2023: 13: 0100). A dorsal habitus B ventral habitus C-E left pedipalp: C retrolateral view D dorsal view E mesal view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.2 mm (C-E). Arrow in D points to the setal socket of the patellar macroseta." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/900920" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">1B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B2B5A6AD2B301555EA6DCA960D5EDCED" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Venomius tomhardyi sp. nov., female (HBI N 30976 - 32). A dorsal habitus B ventral habitus C epigyne, ventral view D epigyne, lateral view E epigyne, posterior view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.2 mm (C-E)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/900922" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">3B</figureCitation>
). Maxillae with pale antero-mesal section (Figs
<figureCitation id="5B693C1DD2D83B4F9FC1642BA7ABAAF1" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Venomius tomhardyi sp. nov., male holotype (QVM: 2023: 13: 0100). A dorsal habitus B ventral habitus C-E left pedipalp: C retrolateral view D dorsal view E mesal view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.2 mm (C-E). Arrow in D points to the setal socket of the patellar macroseta." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/900920" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">1B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="C7FAB029B191AE123DA871D1D5F5C5F6" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Venomius tomhardyi sp. nov., female (HBI N 30976 - 32). A dorsal habitus B ventral habitus C epigyne, ventral view D epigyne, lateral view E epigyne, posterior view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.2 mm (C-E)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/900922" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">3B</figureCitation>
). Chelicerae fangs with three promarginal and three retromarginal teeth of similar size. Leg formula I&gt; II&gt; IV&gt; III. Abdomen elongate cylindrical, anteriorly somewhat narrower, without humeral or other humps; three pairs of conspicuous black sigillae (median pair somewhat larger), abdomen otherwise without specialised setae, condyles or other specific structures; dorsally with pale yellow background (coated by three large longitudinal black streaks in males) that expands to a large black patch posteriorly in both sexes (Figs
<figureCitation id="F148A4C7661B95BF172F632B0E8908B3" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Venomius tomhardyi sp. nov., male holotype (QVM: 2023: 13: 0100). A dorsal habitus B ventral habitus C-E left pedipalp: C retrolateral view D dorsal view E mesal view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.2 mm (C-E). Arrow in D points to the setal socket of the patellar macroseta." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/900920" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">1A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="27D46FF1B0BD904DA06F25D8CF7AE8CD" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Venomius tomhardyi sp. nov., female (HBI N 30976 - 32). A dorsal habitus B ventral habitus C epigyne, ventral view D epigyne, lateral view E epigyne, posterior view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.2 mm (C-E)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/900922" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">3A</figureCitation>
). Venter brown to black with a pair of two pale spots centrally (Figs
<figureCitation id="5C162C17E933C59FD7D83347F0CF2FC7" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Venomius tomhardyi sp. nov., male holotype (QVM: 2023: 13: 0100). A dorsal habitus B ventral habitus C-E left pedipalp: C retrolateral view D dorsal view E mesal view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.2 mm (C-E). Arrow in D points to the setal socket of the patellar macroseta." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/900920" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">1B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="6F3F55062E8EC21A8F676C99482AAF8D" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Venomius tomhardyi sp. nov., female (HBI N 30976 - 32). A dorsal habitus B ventral habitus C epigyne, ventral view D epigyne, lateral view E epigyne, posterior view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.2 mm (C-E)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/900922" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">3B</figureCitation>
). Male pedipalp patella with a single macroseta (Fig.
<figureCitation id="0EC44D814BEE296CA3C654021D8C3C50" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Venomius tomhardyi sp. nov., male holotype (QVM: 2023: 13: 0100). A dorsal habitus B ventral habitus C-E left pedipalp: C retrolateral view D dorsal view E mesal view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.2 mm (C-E). Arrow in D points to the setal socket of the patellar macroseta." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/900920" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">1D</figureCitation>
; only setal socket present basally, macroseta broken off in holotype); tibia with prominent ventral edge and two strong and elongated macrosetae (Figs
<figureCitation id="CE4EA2340050255E349CEF5997DEEBB5" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Venomius tomhardyi sp. nov., male holotype (QVM: 2023: 13: 0100). A dorsal habitus B ventral habitus C-E left pedipalp: C retrolateral view D dorsal view E mesal view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.2 mm (C-E). Arrow in D points to the setal socket of the patellar macroseta." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/900920" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">1C, E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="4CD81EBF32C64ED75E74A3C89768D7A5" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Venomius tomhardyi sp. nov., male, expanded left pedipalp (HBI N 30488 - 22). A ventral view B retrolateral view C dorsal view D apical view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/900921" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">2A</figureCitation>
); tegulum heavily sclerotized, with rounded lobe at its basal dorsal portion (Figs
<figureCitation id="3334D1FD9FD7B173CC02A6D56B6B692D" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Venomius tomhardyi sp. nov., male holotype (QVM: 2023: 13: 0100). A dorsal habitus B ventral habitus C-E left pedipalp: C retrolateral view D dorsal view E mesal view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.2 mm (C-E). Arrow in D points to the setal socket of the patellar macroseta." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/900920" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">1C, D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="C333EEC4B7DA7445B1BD352F6F767E47" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Venomius tomhardyi sp. nov., male, expanded left pedipalp (HBI N 30488 - 22). A ventral view B retrolateral view C dorsal view D apical view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/900921" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">2B</figureCitation>
); paracymbium finger-like, very conspicuous (Figs
<figureCitation id="801B0ECAB98FA4B86C079BF0E4359375" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Venomius tomhardyi sp. nov., male holotype (QVM: 2023: 13: 0100). A dorsal habitus B ventral habitus C-E left pedipalp: C retrolateral view D dorsal view E mesal view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.2 mm (C-E). Arrow in D points to the setal socket of the patellar macroseta." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/900920" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">1C-E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="323FBD698F4E9AA5055C454D46C87884" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Venomius tomhardyi sp. nov., male, expanded left pedipalp (HBI N 30488 - 22). A ventral view B retrolateral view C dorsal view D apical view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/900921" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">2B-D</figureCitation>
); median apophysis strongly sclerotised, canoe-shaped, with a narrow rounded base, a constricted middle portion and a broad concave tip (Figs
<figureCitation id="28D35861987B6EFD5F4365DE00F3FDF2" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Venomius tomhardyi sp. nov., male holotype (QVM: 2023: 13: 0100). A dorsal habitus B ventral habitus C-E left pedipalp: C retrolateral view D dorsal view E mesal view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.2 mm (C-E). Arrow in D points to the setal socket of the patellar macroseta." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/900920" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">1C, D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="265C44E9542D08B795FF9BFD8BA676B4" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Venomius tomhardyi sp. nov., male, expanded left pedipalp (HBI N 30488 - 22). A ventral view B retrolateral view C dorsal view D apical view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/900921" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">2A, B</figureCitation>
); radix thin and curved (Figs
<figureCitation id="D54E2F9CD52B55D57C30CED704ADE066" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Venomius tomhardyi sp. nov., male holotype (QVM: 2023: 13: 0100). A dorsal habitus B ventral habitus C-E left pedipalp: C retrolateral view D dorsal view E mesal view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.2 mm (C-E). Arrow in D points to the setal socket of the patellar macroseta." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/900920" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">1C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="FBB28E1902B360ADB8EDDF3BC78D0222" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Venomius tomhardyi sp. nov., male, expanded left pedipalp (HBI N 30488 - 22). A ventral view B retrolateral view C dorsal view D apical view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/900921" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">2A</figureCitation>
); stipes with central flattened keel and concave and basal round protrusion (Figs
<figureCitation id="E5F9E166ECA713D027FF4849D0E5D885" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Venomius tomhardyi sp. nov., male holotype (QVM: 2023: 13: 0100). A dorsal habitus B ventral habitus C-E left pedipalp: C retrolateral view D dorsal view E mesal view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.2 mm (C-E). Arrow in D points to the setal socket of the patellar macroseta." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/900920" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">1C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="AA4A4866E517A9379946A27592CC3398" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Venomius tomhardyi sp. nov., male, expanded left pedipalp (HBI N 30488 - 22). A ventral view B retrolateral view C dorsal view D apical view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/900921" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">2A, B</figureCitation>
); terminal apophysis flattened with its distal portion elongated, curved dorsally and with truncated tip that covers the base of conductor as a hood (Figs
<figureCitation id="F6E5C9FBA44AF395F17C1797680081B2" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Venomius tomhardyi sp. nov., male holotype (QVM: 2023: 13: 0100). A dorsal habitus B ventral habitus C-E left pedipalp: C retrolateral view D dorsal view E mesal view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.2 mm (C-E). Arrow in D points to the setal socket of the patellar macroseta." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/900920" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">1C, D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="17855E9977B8EAEEFBCE3AEE02EB6086" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Venomius tomhardyi sp. nov., male, expanded left pedipalp (HBI N 30488 - 22). A ventral view B retrolateral view C dorsal view D apical view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/900921" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">2A-D</figureCitation>
); conductor prominent, U-shaped, centrally concave and projected retrolaterally, bearing a rounded protrusion medially connected to an elongate basal lobe, and with scale-like structures covering most of its external margin (Figs
<figureCitation id="BEC2296D5F9327DFF10A64540CD5B3E0" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Venomius tomhardyi sp. nov., male holotype (QVM: 2023: 13: 0100). A dorsal habitus B ventral habitus C-E left pedipalp: C retrolateral view D dorsal view E mesal view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.2 mm (C-E). Arrow in D points to the setal socket of the patellar macroseta." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/900920" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">1C, D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="E9E2815C09D44326D655A214A8B4AFDD" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Venomius tomhardyi sp. nov., male, expanded left pedipalp (HBI N 30488 - 22). A ventral view B retrolateral view C dorsal view D apical view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/900921" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">2A, B, D</figureCitation>
); embolus complex, basally broad, tapering apically with a central, elongate L-shaped keel, with uncapped tip that fits the elongate basal lobe of the conductor (Figs
<figureCitation id="E6AE626FCCEF61625AAF9103B47E7A95" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Venomius tomhardyi sp. nov., male holotype (QVM: 2023: 13: 0100). A dorsal habitus B ventral habitus C-E left pedipalp: C retrolateral view D dorsal view E mesal view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.2 mm (C-E). Arrow in D points to the setal socket of the patellar macroseta." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/900920" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">1C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1C17A0861F9E8D21C7ACEEEB72F9C77F" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Venomius tomhardyi sp. nov., male, expanded left pedipalp (HBI N 30488 - 22). A ventral view B retrolateral view C dorsal view D apical view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/900921" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">2A, B, D</figureCitation>
). Female epigyne wider than long, scape broad, covering the atrium with narrow projecting lateral borders curving into a short and rounded median lobe that overreaches the epigyne border (Figs
<figureCitation id="B7DFBC5C8E6BE395EF36875FBF511510" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Venomius tomhardyi sp. nov., female (HBI N 30976 - 32). A dorsal habitus B ventral habitus C epigyne, ventral view D epigyne, lateral view E epigyne, posterior view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.2 mm (C-E)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/900922" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">3C-E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="CC828C2ADAD802ADBD332F750B0E0359" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Venomius tomhardyi sp. nov., female internal genitalia (QVM: 2023: 13: 0101). A ventral view B dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/900923" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">4A</figureCitation>
); posterior plate triangular tapering to a round prominence (Fig.
<figureCitation id="BC17018DC36799563968E1222E17909B" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Venomius tomhardyi sp. nov., female (HBI N 30976 - 32). A dorsal habitus B ventral habitus C epigyne, ventral view D epigyne, lateral view E epigyne, posterior view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.2 mm (C-E)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/900922" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">3E</figureCitation>
); internal genitalia formed by two pairs of ovoid spermathecae, copulatory ducts thick and curved, located laterally (Fig.
<figureCitation id="05EA3667EED4751C52F7AB167FF4E727" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Venomius tomhardyi sp. nov., female internal genitalia (QVM: 2023: 13: 0101). A ventral view B dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/900923" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">4A, B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="7E964F01E4F4FFA7BB65D70C553BBBCD" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/900923" pageId="0" pageNumber="285" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
<paragraph id="ADF592EA9836EA7FC44E1657C86ECDF5" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">
<emphasis id="5610C9C640B15356B7991A26E96602E8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">Figure 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="31F3C0F602C5FEE6870C0F2DE74E0904" authorityName="Rossi &amp; Castanheira &amp; Baptista &amp; Framenau" authorityYear="2023" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Venomius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Venomius tomhardyi" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="285" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tomhardyi">
<emphasis id="8ABA31BBB69A54353B9685DD4A928966" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">Venomius tomhardyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., female internal genitalia (QVM:2023:13:0101).
<emphasis id="019F020D5BB461A296A6CA6F63451874" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">A</emphasis>
ventral view
<emphasis id="9A6FB4D85C9B2E785013AB4850AD5E0A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">B</emphasis>
dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="02B81F0A8BA0E80F9BA230F7B4BA154A" pageId="0" pageNumber="285" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="97001A8BBCB5DBEB27AF191B5819A354" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="601D9504AA0D35DD6533C7EDEE878E5A" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">
Specimens of
<taxonomicName id="EA59F9D172310F883C32039BAD547E85" authorityName="Rossi &amp; Castanheira &amp; Baptista &amp; Framenau" authorityYear="2023" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Venomius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Venomius" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="285" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C9FD87AE1BD5F7E4CBF022F052696FF0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">Venomius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
gen. nov. have so far been found in northern Tasmania, Victoria, south-eastern South Australia and south-western Western Australia (Fig.
<figureCitation id="CC47E77A4562FF06EDF0219EB6274D74" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Distribution records of Venomius tomhardyi sp. nov." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/900924" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">5</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="90C969F0A72F7550C493F17516E6AE20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/900924" pageId="0" pageNumber="285" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
<paragraph id="2A8CDEB63A18E97F520911CC840E9379" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">
<emphasis id="683119B83DA7E4878C2E5593F929FF5B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">Figure 5.</emphasis>
Distribution records of
<taxonomicName id="5DBEDD9B0D7638E800A0FC47045EFF05" authorityName="Rossi &amp; Castanheira &amp; Baptista &amp; Framenau" authorityYear="2023" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Venomius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Venomius tomhardyi" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="285" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tomhardyi">
<emphasis id="43D4878736EF8E427BF3201AA78D61F4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="285">Venomius tomhardyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>