789 lines
75 KiB
XML
789 lines
75 KiB
XML
<document id="9BDB19D14567B20BF47C96A56760B925" ID-CLB-Dataset="33498" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.568.6872" ID-GBIF-Dataset="62083208-4daf-4757-9d82-c9a7bf58f367" ID-PMC="PMC4829673" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-568-129" ID-PubMed="27103877" ID-ZooBank="5A7E7E19A00248C6B453DF39338B77D4" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1313-2970-568-129" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 568" ModsDocTitle="A new blue-tailed Monitor lizard (Reptilia, Squamata, Varanus) of the Varanusindicus group from Mussau Island, Papua New Guinea" checkinTime="1456309250745" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Weijola, Valter, Donnellan, Stephen C. & Lindqvist, Christer" docDate="2016" docId="DC2E20EA1B9D5FC7DFE6D21923719221" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 568: 129-154" docOrigin="ZooKeys 568" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.568.6872" docTitle="Varanus semotus Weijola, Donnellan & Lindqvist, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="B5D753CF-7C2F-42B4-A7FE-376F0E8FCF6A" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="140" masterDocId="FFBCFFC75978FFA07D0B715BFFCF317E" masterDocTitle="A new blue-tailed Monitor lizard (Reptilia, Squamata, Varanus) of the Varanusindicus group from Mussau Island, Papua New Guinea" masterLastPageNumber="154" masterPageNumber="129" pageNumber="132" updateTime="1701373253931" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="5831304B50E28F6833E21CA4116C4346">A new blue-tailed Monitor lizard (Reptilia, Squamata, Varanus) of the Varanusindicus group from Mussau Island, Papua New Guinea</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8D506B05C793AD04916C1057024B9B3D">Weijola, Valter</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="076914709B80FEBECE576E55743C31EF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="39C2878C187478A260CAA1AE3165E01A">Donnellan, Stephen C.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="10E9477B48AD76E40C99F890E510E2F6" type="personal">
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="07D84290E47589A8EF4999A84FB76F7D">Lindqvist, Christer</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:title id="85741F13436573A88E2F7D991670B56E">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="C9EFBAFBFC03EBF72DD79C8102F30B48">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="B1A20CF8DC1ECC452000CCDA77B56E66">568</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="16BDE1FABE69B071F1F474B74B61282B">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.568.6872</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="9DA50BED8E03426C10A45827736C5C3C">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="E897B378C243F4E7585308AF76C733FF" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.568.6872</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="DC2E20EA1B9D5FC7DFE6D21923719221" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127900994" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B5D753CF-7C2F-42B4-A7FE-376F0E8FCF6A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DC2E20EA1B9D5FC7DFE6D21923719221" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="140" pageId="3" pageNumber="132">
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<subSubSection id="3C77E691514B5A42915318ACD049CC81" pageId="3" pageNumber="132" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="35B700413ABCCD43CB09E5F64D1C670C" pageId="3" pageNumber="132">Taxon classification Animalia Squamata Varanidae</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C0358A474D9E47F64DD222C32A480051" pageId="3" pageNumber="132" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="E90BD060E9A1604F299499F2AC685EF7" pageId="3" pageNumber="132">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C62B220BDF3B988260854D1CDCC5BC54" ID-CoL="8GQJK" LSID="http://zoobank.org/B5D753CF-7C2F-42B4-A7FE-376F0E8FCF6A" authority="Weijola, Donnellan & Lindqvist" class="Squamata" family="Varanidae" genus="Varanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Varanus semotus" pageId="3" pageNumber="132" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="semotus">Varanus semotus Weijola, Donnellan & Lindqvist</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="171E5A1319E82CC6380F67FE2ABA19B2" pageId="3" pageNumber="132">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Figs 1, 2, 3
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="37874A7E3857AD02DB8E8B68157F3ABA" pageId="3" pageNumber="132" type="holotype">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="FBF660A6A57879F5760715BC45E4F69F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1450620903" collectingDate="2012-09-30" collectionCode="ZMUT" collectorName="Valter Weijola" country="Papua New Guinea" elevation="2 m" latitude="-1.525" location="north of the village of Nai" longitude="149.749" specimenCode="Sa 176" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<paragraph id="E65FFED91003F90A49E3EDFBC2C1237C" pageId="3" pageNumber="132">
|
||
<typeStatus id="2A1CD2F31D786DF4348FF047C4B94242">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="041689F96E5DDE4FC48F76327B22483B" pageId="3" pageNumber="132">
|
||
<collectionCode id="F46B9AD660C98093356F9732A9A16DE1" collectionName="ZMUT">ZMUT</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode id="0E943924C6CFC929C351EA8DBA84AED0">Sa176</specimenCode>
|
||
(field nr. 60) (Figs 1-2) collected by
|
||
<collectorName id="C31A4A9074106CF517CE4534EC2223AC">Valter Weijola</collectorName>
|
||
just
|
||
<location id="3117831ADE6CBF3FFFE53800CD84B5DF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DC2E20EA1B9D5FC7DFE6D21923719221:3117831ADE6CBF3FFFE53800CD84B5DF" country="Papua New Guinea" name="north of the village of Nai">north of the village of Nai</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="C296A633FF19F579B773A42007D3998E" value="2012-09-30">
|
||
<collectingDate id="287D109A4F845443E8D169ACAF75F104" value="2012-09-30">
|
||
30 September
|
||
<quantity id="690CA8E2EDF8FA75FD791F706388588C" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0122" unit="m" value="2012.2">
|
||
2012,
|
||
<elevation id="CDF44BB58723AF0D2CC888E078AA5FC1">2m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
elev.
|
||
<location id="BEFB08C9E167571EF5C9BF48AC18354E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DC2E20EA1B9D5FC7DFE6D21923719221:BEFB08C9E167571EF5C9BF48AC18354E" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Mussau Island, St. Matthias group">Mussau Island, St. Matthias group</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D63BC5892706F8AAF12243331C220A2D" name="Papua New Guinea" value="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
, latitude
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="BAEE1A6D4C1D6F74280B6AFB82F2F148">-1.525</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, longitude.
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="8FD780112D7438C65D59E397F0A740A3">149.749</geoCoordinate>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<caption id="81BA4908F09DFD0DB278BAD1E1E667C3" pageId="3" pageNumber="132">
|
||
<paragraph id="F731DAC307ADA72D9B9909ED0370742D" pageId="3" pageNumber="132">
|
||
Figure 1.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="EAEF84A58FDE8428C70844FBA664C2C2" originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
|
||
Full body dorsal, ventral, head profile and gular region of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="023620F24526FB29F5A5389781C1B8E4">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="809CAC86117D6D21AC537A3541A56619" class="Squamata" family="Varanidae" genus="Varanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Varanus semotus" pageId="3" pageNumber="132" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="semotus">Varanus semotus</taxonomicName>
|
||
-
|
||
<collectionCode id="4654E4ED1217AF156B7E9859CEE6F867" collectionName="ZMUT">ZMUT</collectionCode>
|
||
Sa176.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="01F9399DBCA8CF54E99A84328AFBB44F" pageId="3" pageNumber="132">
|
||
<paragraph id="B0E833F7B92AD351E0A8D7ACEC7A1862" pageId="3" pageNumber="132">
|
||
Figure 2. Tongue color of the freshly collected
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D5BD75BBEECEB522A84CF82D52ADCF61" class="Squamata" family="Varanidae" genus="Varanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Varanus semotus" pageId="3" pageNumber="132" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="semotus">Varanus semotus</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="8EA58B688F428D8E7CB4496F12FBFEAD">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<collectionCode id="CA79E92F57DA29BD7DB78635448AC554" collectionName="ZMUT">ZMUT</collectionCode>
|
||
Sa176.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A137ED04F09488F7A3040D3530742FBC" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="133" pageId="3" pageNumber="132" type="paratypes">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="B9479F11553E5A798006B3A59F833376" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1450620901" collectingDate="2012-10-04" collectingDateMax="2012-10-07" collectingDateMin="2012-10-04" collectionCode="ZMUT" collectorName="Weijola" country="Papua New Guinea" latitude="-1.525" location="Mussau Island" longitude="149.749" specimenCode="Sa 177, Sa 178" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<paragraph id="2652E16E62D149FC7B9F392AD7240C2A" pageId="3" pageNumber="132">
|
||
<typeStatus id="9F85DE1F13C1D8C238B828575C51F082">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E2FE3CF5B127724B2D444A2BBF7FD972" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="133" pageId="3" pageNumber="132">
|
||
<collectionCode id="2A1C0EB01B49B836D413F8B6913FDB88" collectionName="ZMUT">ZMUT</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode id="4D686F0BE8BF1E70233D7D6B7B302BF6">Sa177</specimenCode>
|
||
(field nr 64),
|
||
<collectionCode id="2CD3FECF6553DE68D0F988FEAAB380CB" collectionName="ZMUT">ZMUT</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode id="57FF4C0CF897DCBF8A8381A4D2626344">Sa178</specimenCode>
|
||
(field nr 66) collected by
|
||
<collectorName id="EA84F70C926861FD4974D448339C01EE">Weijola</collectorName>
|
||
near Nai
|
||
<date id="5B4801D549B2BFC82BC375C7E68A293F" value="2012-10-04" valueMax="2012-10-07" valueMin="2012-10-04">
|
||
<collectingDate id="0866405F6D03EE0E86D867587A87BE91" value="2012-10-04" valueMax="2012-10-07" valueMin="2012-10-04">4 and 7 October 2012</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
.
|
||
<location id="CCA67E7921F7052322AD7335ABCA42A1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DC2E20EA1B9D5FC7DFE6D21923719221:CCA67E7921F7052322AD7335ABCA42A1" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Mussau Island">Mussau Island</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2B913068F071B9D0CA0E966F2B702073" name="Papua New Guinea" value="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
, latitude
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="E112C336D6AC405A9CE0CCF6B6DACDB6">-1.525</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, longitude
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="E1AFE1B7C3233B7BD18934DBFB570197">149.749</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="1858434191489C4FD264BDC1032A8705" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1450620904" collectingDate="1962-01-19" collectingDateMax="1962-02-05" collectingDateMin="1962-01-19" collectionCode="ZMUC" collectorName="Soren Andersen" country="Papua New Guinea" location="Talumalau, Mussau Island" specimenCode="ZMUC 4272, ZMUC 4273" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode id="6EBFD918E60F9835E447D98128DD6F71">ZMUC 4272</specimenCode>
|
||
(field number E192) and
|
||
<specimenCode id="ED526F8E895219A6C326E307CDF2AAF9">ZMUC 4273</specimenCode>
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="27CB1B4E5E562D62721D2322774D9F92" pageId="4" pageNumber="133" start="start">(</pageBreakToken>
|
||
field number E282) collected by the Noona Dan Expedition (presumably by
|
||
<collectorName id="FFC517D9190350FCE1C3306051DC4B0F">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="789BA2EF0A73212839BAEB3AF3690C25" originalValue="Søren">Soren</normalizedToken>
|
||
Andersen
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
) on
|
||
<date id="2B24EF9933384A30397104FC0656F48D" value="1962-01-19" valueMax="1962-02-05" valueMin="1962-01-19">
|
||
<collectingDate id="C28D1B177406AC8FD6F3D9251E044644" value="1962-01-19" valueMax="1962-02-05" valueMin="1962-01-19">19 January and 5 February 1962</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
at
|
||
<location id="676E0734E42E09579167ABA5D27638F6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DC2E20EA1B9D5FC7DFE6D21923719221:676E0734E42E09579167ABA5D27638F6" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Talumalau, Mussau Island">Talumalau, Mussau Island</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6260480AB5AB5E59984552AC3E71BDCF" name="Papua New Guinea" value="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="42FAF0D3BA6C90FB108C2BB33DF25462" pageId="4" pageNumber="133" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="05B53579CD22B320ACD2C9F3506DAA83" pageId="4" pageNumber="133">Other material.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3E600394E3AAAC469055046C612BC8DB" pageId="4" pageNumber="133">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="2190A94B6B01B181C57B00DBA992204A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1450620902" collectingDate="2016-01-01" collectingDateMax="2016-12-31" collectingDateMin="2016-01-01" collectionCode="AMNH" collectorName="John Gardiner" country="Papua New Guinea" location="St Matthias Islands" specimenCode="85887" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectionCode id="69C04549C672EA5BE09373914248F08B" collectionName="USA, New York, New York, American Museum of Natural History">AMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode id="06DDB7B61DF74E833FEF7F5D831B7B2F">85887</specimenCode>
|
||
collected by
|
||
<collectorName id="0921C119F11D46157520EFB4C04F1391">John Gardiner</collectorName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingDate id="DBD7EFF9DDA54D05F147EED19AD4B580">1944</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="C2A424B6500B3672CE936ACA558CC369" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DC2E20EA1B9D5FC7DFE6D21923719221:C2A424B6500B3672CE936ACA558CC369" country="Papua New Guinea" name="St Matthias Islands">St Matthias Islands</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8A6C05198CCC26ED2BCA2CD949E8E5F9" name="Papua New Guinea" value="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B91C235362DB8E631792E563FCCA1397" pageId="4" pageNumber="133" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="97643C0CBEC19A11B7AE785CDCBF6FA3" pageId="4" pageNumber="133">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0FCF2443B8933AAFCCAC7AEC68D7A9B8" pageId="4" pageNumber="133">The specific epithet semotus is Latin for distant or remote and refers to the isolated occurrence on Mussau, separated by several hundred kilometers from its closest relatives. The term is employed as a masculine adjective.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E6FC897B440C928FA14419C5E8A5E9E3" pageId="4" pageNumber="133" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="329C68C8B529A0176168530C25D25C90" pageId="4" pageNumber="133">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="37A21124174644FAE85ED6F4804E7A21" pageId="4" pageNumber="133">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7499A88BCEAAB8689B8D7F98B56A95FC" class="Squamata" family="Varanidae" genus="Varanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Varanus semotus" pageId="4" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="semotus">Varanus semotus</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. is distinguished from all other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1D239A965B92AAC4445574119BFD8A14" class="Squamata" family="Varanidae" genus="Varanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Varanus" pageId="4" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Varanus</taxonomicName>
|
||
by a combination of the following characters. (1) Tongue white/pinkish to pale yellow (white in preservative) occasionally with small patches of dark pigmentation, the yellow pigment concentrated along the mid-dorsal line and the dorsal surface of the tines (Fig. 2). (2) Gular region marbled in black and cream-white. (3) The tail of adult individuals is indistinctly banded on the distal half, with a varying degree of turquoise to bluish pigmentation on the distal 2/3. (4) Juveniles are black with white spots on the head, yellow and orange spots on the dorsum, and have well defined cream colored to pale greenish tail bands (Fig. 3
|
||
<collectionCode id="7ACEB49CEF93EAAFC6EF97DEF8D65230">C</collectionCode>
|
||
). (5) The number of dorsal scales, XY, ranges from 149 to 153. (6) The number of midbody scale rows, S, ranges from 152 to 161. (7) The dorsum is black with single- and clustered groups of dispersed yellow/orange scales. (8) There are several complete rows of paryphasmata across the asulcal side of the hemipenis below the lobes. (9) Geographical distribution restricted to Mussau Island.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="ED571D0736E057F049E1473E3E940412" pageId="4" pageNumber="133">
|
||
<paragraph id="AAF10EC6E20DA8221B33DEC6EB8EA799" pageId="4" pageNumber="133">
|
||
Figure 3.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="1DD6EEBD32682F0756137E0B035DA2E3" originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
|
||
Images of live
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A9D1CD26ED5A23088F52AF5737552187" class="Squamata" family="Varanidae" genus="Varanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Varanus semotus" pageId="4" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="semotus">Varanus semotus</taxonomicName>
|
||
at Nai on Mussau Island. A an adult in its habitat at the outskirts of Nai B an adult basking on the trunk of a palm tree (photos by
|
||
<collectionCode id="D52B665D7D2F8CCBC3F643117504FAE5">VW</collectionCode>
|
||
), and C a juvenile (photo by Quetzal Dwyer).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="6181403F7B07CF7633CFDC6DCFCC92AC" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="134" pageId="4" pageNumber="133" type="comparisons">
|
||
<paragraph id="F0568A1F84BA4A2BBF5C45BCC247BC99" pageId="4" pageNumber="133">Comparisons.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4CE11E3D0DBEC359D51A5D09E097DFB6" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="134" pageId="4" pageNumber="133">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DE2B04773C1D91FA75D74E807A4FE31C" class="Squamata" family="Varanidae" genus="Varanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Varanus semotus" pageId="4" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="semotus">Varanus semotus</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. is a member of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DDFD099B70536216444728E09B6F5EBE" class="Squamata" family="Varanidae" genus="Varanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Varanus indicus" pageId="4" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="indicus">Varanus indicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group of the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DAC654A95E125424C38E07CA2A5AE602" class="Reptilia" family="Varanidae" genus="Euprepiosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euprepiosaurus" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Euprepiosaurus</taxonomicName>
|
||
distinguished by the asymmetrical sulcus spermaticus and laterally compressed tail (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6F78A72B4E650EFC9A49527AFD7CD55E" author="Ziegler, T" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="18" pageNumber="147" pagination="1 - 28" title="A review of the subgenus Euprepiosaurus of Varanus (Squamata: Varanidae): morphological and molecular phylogeny, distribution and zoogeography, with an identification key for the members of the V. indicus and the V. prasinus species groups." volume="1472" year="2007 a">Ziegler et al. 2007a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Within the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30AE08CC1F7071CE0218451970E9565B" class="Squamata" family="Varanidae" genus="Varanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Varanus indicus" pageId="4" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="indicus">Varanus indicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group it can be distinguished from all species except for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C2711386C0F1C3F4D6C3A08911F76CB0" class="Squamata" family="Varanidae" genus="Varanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Varanus doreanus" pageId="4" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="doreanus">Varanus doreanus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="161A6EF95D07B0ED444D9EAF60F6A49E" class="Squamata" family="Varanidae" genus="Varanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Varanus finschi" pageId="4" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="finschi">Varanus finschi</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="254D2D571F581233FCD6318955CFD7B1" class="Squamata" family="Varanidae" genus="Varanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Varanus yuwonoi" pageId="4" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yuwonoi">Varanus yuwonoi</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the presence of yellow pigmentation on the tongue.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5C08C0745AC9A472E0557DB9A7FF9F73" class="Squamata" family="Varanidae" genus="Varanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Varanus semotus" pageId="4" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="semotus">Varanus semotus</taxonomicName>
|
||
is unlikely to be confused with any other species except for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="80F4307F1D4AB4F89120CF61DBFCBD61" class="Squamata" family="Varanidae" genus="Varanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Varanus doreanus" pageId="4" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="doreanus">Varanus doreanus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from which it can be difficult to distinguish by external morphology. On average,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="822E34D6EC6D2F8B796C11A44DE00BCD" class="Squamata" family="Varanidae" genus="Varanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Varanus semotus" pageId="4" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="semotus">Varanus semotus</taxonomicName>
|
||
has lower XY (149-153 vs. 153-215) and S (152-161 vs. 158-180) scale counts than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="61A0620D95B76FA3DCDA5BCA844FBA9A" class="Squamata" family="Varanidae" genus="Varanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Varanus doreanus" pageId="4" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="doreanus">Varanus doreanus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BBD4E00C3DBD7806D101670B56AEDADE" class="Squamata" family="Varanidae" genus="Varanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Varanus semotus" pageId="4" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="semotus">Varanus semotus</taxonomicName>
|
||
exhibit several complete rows of paryphasmata crossing the asulcal side of the hemipenis while this is restricted to the medial part of the trunk and lobes on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4505B55190273CC3802FFF8B1937C70" class="Squamata" family="Varanidae" genus="Varanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Varanus doreanus" pageId="4" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="doreanus">Varanus doreanus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig. 4). In contrast to the morphological similarity of these two species, they show a significant genetic separation: 11.5% mean net sequence divergence (dA) (Table 5
|
||
<collectionCode id="6E479DD0255F5449CC8EE5E4237672C4">B</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D27924737999A3C6181BC68D047FE04C" class="Squamata" family="Varanidae" genus="Varanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Varanus semotus" pageId="4" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="semotus">Varanus semotus</taxonomicName>
|
||
is readily distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59EEB0851C8A1B41EB43CFE9A3D782E7" class="Squamata" family="Varanidae" genus="Varanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Varanus finschi" pageId="4" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="finschi">Varanus finschi</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="697AEDF0E1FEEF3DC1C2FCA2AA290164" class="Squamata" family="Varanidae" genus="Varanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Varanus yuwonoi" pageId="5" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yuwonoi">
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="8078B9E7786BDCA36CC3854FC8CF0D08" pageId="5" pageNumber="134" start="start">Varanus</pageBreakToken>
|
||
yuwonoi
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, both of which have predominately white to cream colored throats and considerably higher scalecounts (
|
||
<collectionCode id="2F80331C51738C41F5FF4A230F7383BF">S</collectionCode>
|
||
over 170,
|
||
<collectionCode id="8C91702E9CC3BBE11A1C393E4EC1C0ED">XY</collectionCode>
|
||
over 165). Additionally,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4248A6994369FE4C6DC6FD581B31A7EC" class="Squamata" family="Varanidae" genus="Varanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Varanus finschi" pageId="5" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="finschi">Varanus finschi</taxonomicName>
|
||
lacks blue pigmentation on the tailand exhibits transverse rows of yellow ocelli on the dorsum. Furthermore,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B43C798267580AF7C7DFB23866013853" class="Squamata" family="Varanidae" genus="Varanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Varanus finschi" pageId="5" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="finschi">Varanus finschi</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D5F2DF476CF60185385A8979AE9E9EAB" class="Squamata" family="Varanidae" genus="Varanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Varanus semotus" pageId="5" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="semotus">Varanus semotus</taxonomicName>
|
||
have a dA of 6.4% (Table 5
|
||
<collectionCode id="3AF0DB86D3F4336D904799CC333897E4">A</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F2AEFCA0013386778AC2E9C7474B6C1" class="Squamata" family="Varanidae" genus="Varanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Varanus yuwonoi" pageId="5" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yuwonoi">Varanus yuwonoi</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a unique color pattern being predominantly black on the anterior 1/3 of the body, yellow on the lower back and tailbase, and with a blue tail. Furthermore,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AF71250B9E0866265F338D76E77C7D9" class="Squamata" family="Varanidae" genus="Varanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Varanus yuwonoi" pageId="5" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yuwonoi">Varanus yuwonoi</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="02F1B21415A06BE5245079CE35680483" class="Squamata" family="Varanidae" genus="Varanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Varanus semotus" pageId="5" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="semotus">Varanus semotus</taxonomicName>
|
||
have a dA of 11.6% (Table 5
|
||
<collectionCode id="B7C085AF9818132E738D324446ADA686">B</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="C6E17D027614C4BD1B5176F5D35ABB56" pageId="5" pageNumber="134">
|
||
<paragraph id="184AA6809DF9567342A53492C43B4E74" pageId="5" pageNumber="134">
|
||
Figure 4. Drawings of the hemipenises of the male
|
||
<typeStatus id="6950EE71429F3157E2D5C5E64E265A3B">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
<collectionCode id="6938D6B5E71983E0E81D80D6D1701DAA" collectionName="ZMUT">ZMUT</collectionCode>
|
||
Sa178 of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F622625AE6CD46399E6C618A628BF689" class="Squamata" family="Varanidae" genus="Varanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Varanus semotus" pageId="5" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="semotus">Varanus semotus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, sulcal (
|
||
<collectionCode id="4401941D8FD1F353F3D5E873E3FC99DC">A</collectionCode>
|
||
) and asulcal (
|
||
<collectionCode id="3B67BB531239BB8C1946C4DC2C18CFDB">B</collectionCode>
|
||
) (illustration by Sam Sweet),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="02EFF697EFA53FA6D45A66E20C726DD7" class="Squamata" family="Varanidae" genus="Varanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Varanus doreanus" pageId="5" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="doreanus">Varanus doreanus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="D82A3604182ABF72790EB8A9657C0FBD" collectionName="Germany, Bonn, Zoologische Forschungsinstitut und Museum "Alexander Koenig"">ZFMK</collectionCode>
|
||
26341) sulcal (
|
||
<collectionCode id="D87A199A3AFD749B86B87BD9DC25122D">C</collectionCode>
|
||
) and asulcal (
|
||
<collectionCode id="C7EFD3A14D6E4BEB165BEEF89C89B95C">D</collectionCode>
|
||
), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A8357AAE642AC278FDDF1CB60540F27E" class="Squamata" family="Varanidae" genus="Varanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Varanus finschi" pageId="5" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="finschi">Varanus finschi</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="CE1C80E2315BBC2A5F597B6F56213E72" collectionName="Germany, Berlin, Museum fuer Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universitaet">ZMB</collectionCode>
|
||
14596) sulcal (
|
||
<collectionCode id="80B08438D6585382612976152D3FD068">E</collectionCode>
|
||
) and asulcal view (
|
||
<collectionCode id="C62FB2113E0E74FE573C78EAF93FE960">F</collectionCode>
|
||
) (
|
||
<normalizedToken id="35B8349E2BB25E23EB8F2B168483BB39" originalValue="C–F">C-F</normalizedToken>
|
||
illustrated by Thomas Ziegler, reproduced from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="717454634BC106A75EE2FEE56EAEA610" author="Ziegler, T" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Abhandlungen" pageId="18" pageNumber="147" pagination="267 - 279" title="Zum artstatus und zur genitalmorphologie von Varanusfinschi Boehme, Horn et Ziegler, 1994, mit neuen verbreitungsangaben fuer V. finschi und V. doreanus (Meyer, 1874) (Reptilia: Sauria: Varanidae)." volume="17" year="1999">Ziegler et al. 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C45241EB9E2E9BF7D0047AB80162B12B" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="136" pageId="5" pageNumber="134" type="description of the holotype">
|
||
<paragraph id="627BEA05FCAA479B82AA4EC1E69E76B2" pageId="5" pageNumber="134">
|
||
Description of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="163FA5A7A37AA6F428EFE909AC0CDF6A">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1860C21A5E9E5A786035AEE66A5BBEAC" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="135" pageId="5" pageNumber="134">
|
||
A female of a total length of
|
||
<quantity id="A48514EA21F5976802981DCDDFF275BF" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.01" unit="mm" value="1010.0">1010mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="431B382779153B6084A5DE32C8CC7371">SVL</collectionCode>
|
||
:
|
||
<quantity id="09989A53CA67AE3035C8295905848490" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" unit="mm" value="390.0">390mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="0DABE71D6DF1B5B425447F550EE2EABC">F</collectionCode>
|
||
:
|
||
<quantity id="BA4A8BA13A931082EA401F1840B5C238" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.2" unit="mm" value="620.0">620mm</quantity>
|
||
). The specimen is well preserved and has an incision running from below the rib-cage to the lower abdomen. There are unhealed lacerations on the ventral part of the tail at around midlength, possibly from a dog bite. The ground color of the dorsal aspect of the body, tail, head and limbs is black. The tail is long and slender, 1.59 times as long as the body, and 38.75 times as long as it is high (
|
||
<quantity id="92783EE1DF38F3126D3BEEA4BA51E062" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" unit="mm" value="16.0">16mm</quantity>
|
||
) at midlength. It is rounded at
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="F27A2EAF09FC835524E84F0D84C09467" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" start="start">the</pageBreakToken>
|
||
base, becoming increasingly laterally compressed distally starting at
|
||
<quantity id="6C99C6E129D858D328890267935590AB" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" unit="mm" value="60.0">60mm</quantity>
|
||
from the base. Two to five middorsal caudal scale rows form a double ridge extending from 1/8 of its length and distally almost to the tip. There are nine discernible blue crossbands each about 6-9 scale rows wide on the distal half of the tail with intermediate blue markings. The ventral scales are white to cream colored with a narrow line of dark brown pigmentation running along the anterior margin. The gular region is dark brown-black and marbled with yellowish and greyish scales. The nostrils are large and round, positioned closer to the snout than the anterior margin of the eye. Nasal capsules expanded forming a groove on the rostrum. The tongue is whitish (in preservative) with small spots of grey-blue pigmentation along the lateral margins. The teeth are long, sharp and only slightly recurved. The limbs are muscular, claws dark-brown and recurved. The head is dark-brown to black and covered with irregular brown-grey markings.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0520C1FF4A42128A2828447BE6BA5710" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">Nuchal scales are slightly domed to flattened, elongate to polygonal immediately behind the head becoming round to oval towards the shoulders and with 1-10 scale pits. Gular scales flattened, round to irregularly polygonal, equipped with 1-5 pits and sometimes bordered by incomplete rows of granules. Mental scales irregular in shape from rectangular to polygonal and elongate. Dorsal scales slightly elongated, rounded or polygonal and with a low central keel. Most are surrounded by an incomplete row of granular scales and with one or two pits located near the posterior end.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="117C965E32E6D1BA026737769A765ACC" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">Laterodorsal scales are smaller, round, slightly domed, surrounded by granules and with one to three pits. Middorsal caudal scales rectangular, elongate, with a single pit at the posterior end, and lack granules. Mid-ventral caudals twice as long as mid-dorsal caudal scales, elongate and keeled.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="98A93D570E21788FC1B47E24F8C04354" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="2DF4FC94591E07799DEEF9BCF446811B" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" start="start">Suprafemorals</pageBreakToken>
|
||
and suprabrachials oval, keeled and surrounded by 1-2 rows of granules. Supratibials irregularly round to oval, polished or keeled and surrounded by 2-3 rows of granules. Infrafemorals round to slightly oval and usually equipped with a row of granules along the distal edge. Infratarsals round to polygonal, highly domed and with a few granules around the corners. Most are light in color and only few have dark pigmented centers. There are rows of 9 enlarged postdigital scales along the outer margin of the fourth hind toe. Infracarpals similar in color to infratarsals, round to slightly polygonal, domed and with granules around the corners.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="193B518A6E93916F5D95CEE9FBC099EC" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">
|
||
Dorsal head scales irregularly sized and polygonal, flattened, and equipped with numerous pits. There are seven enlarged supraocular scales on each side, bordered by 1-3 rows of smaller scales. Rostral scale, paired. There are 25+25 enlarged pentagonal supralabial scales equipped with as much as 30 pits. There are 26+26 irregularly shaped infralabials densely covered with pits. Temporal scales square or polygonal, polished and covered with up to ten pits. Two rows of scales separate the supralabials from the nostrils. The occipital scale is enlarged and roundish.The scales on the chest are enlarged, irregularly polygonal, flat and surrounded by only few granules. Ventral scales from the lower chest and down to the abdomen are rectangular, irregularly elongate, bordered by granules along the posterior margin, and with a single pit at the posterior end. The oviducts are translucent white and contains series of ovarian follicles about
|
||
<quantity id="73648F8859530E3ECCECF8CB21D8B4FD" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" unit="mm" value="12.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="10.0">10-15mm</quantity>
|
||
long.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9A7EF4E840B93DBADC495282F3F9261C" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" type="scale counts, measurements and proportion indices of the type series">
|
||
<paragraph id="5F80D6C5C3A78AC063E7C37A0AC2AB32" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">
|
||
Scale counts, measurements and proportion indices of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="795CE823D71E98D0773B9EFF4ED90E96">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FCA3CC9BE9151AD3C948AB1E63C0BD1B" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">Are presented in Table 3.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="4499BD28FEB85BF905C24C7082525BD5" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">
|
||
<paragraph id="79D0EA014E8194037DADFC8AE0260EDD" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">
|
||
Table 3. Measurements, proportion indices and scalecounts of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="6BE9FCAFF5C06207E42393F3360DB456">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="186FE81EE7C138CE8751BA192E475270" class="Squamata" family="Varanidae" genus="Varanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Varanus semotus" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="semotus">Varanus semotus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="49C3F24DDFFD72BF0CA7523DE536AE5F" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">
|
||
<table id="D5EE51562293F3F6EAEE1A3238D3F9FC" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">
|
||
<tr id="4B56B7426A3127B943522D30ED8335FA" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">
|
||
<th id="7F14656DDE62A48487789B950126ED97" colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" rowspan="1">Measurements</th>
|
||
<th id="49A30AD7D8126D34CC6EB3380BC1C5CA" colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" rowspan="1">
|
||
<named-content id="BA226E5D5083B518604C405C84863D08" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">
|
||
<collectionCode id="F2FCDFC3912FCA454EF7DE828DFAFB86" collectionName="ZMUT">ZMUT</collectionCode>
|
||
</named-content>
|
||
Sa176 (
|
||
<typeStatus id="8A4E3A43ADEE08B0E894ABD79570580C">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
)
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="7DA511729CEF0861745005A8DA433F9B" colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" rowspan="1">
|
||
<named-content id="3CFC77C6A6C69629C596351373AC350C" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">
|
||
<collectionCode id="A12E75B47414FD061360AB02834CF917" collectionName="ZMUT">ZMUT</collectionCode>
|
||
</named-content>
|
||
Sa177 (
|
||
<typeStatus id="8DE676502317585CD152BAC4B590273E">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
)
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="3CA4F7C2E4474B802879461C98887B11" colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" rowspan="1">
|
||
<named-content id="0FD1CCB5F283087AE791024144C7B700" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">
|
||
<collectionCode id="61AF39C9DB6FC1DD1118DE8B1CD9A917" collectionName="ZMUT">ZMUT</collectionCode>
|
||
</named-content>
|
||
Sa178 (
|
||
<typeStatus id="EA44EFC35B17DC74C749AFA7A11BB339">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
)
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="6FA763D7F1C17845275EE0BC2676A6BE" colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" rowspan="1">
|
||
<named-content id="878F1D010548553DBF8D0A84479C5A43" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">
|
||
<collectionCode id="6DFB60FF09D1527000B5BFAF7CBB28B9" collectionName="Denmark, Kobenhavn [= Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen, Zoological Museum">ZMUC</collectionCode>
|
||
</named-content>
|
||
4272 (
|
||
<typeStatus id="EF7CBA3CF24D4C175ABAA11ACAFC311C">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
)
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="47B4F833978B220D3AEC9F9124FAFE8E" colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" rowspan="1">
|
||
<named-content id="8EA3E8DC43BDA0C6EEF5166532ACA32B" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">
|
||
<collectionCode id="06080FC98518F62F8EBF8B0EC6B968B8" collectionName="Denmark, Kobenhavn [= Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen, Zoological Museum">ZMUC</collectionCode>
|
||
</named-content>
|
||
4273 (
|
||
<typeStatus id="97562ED1426DFD7EFDB3CD6776793089">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
)
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3B10C7E085C2910E5C0ACED60FB1A33A" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">
|
||
<td id="76BC1D6A91897E3B474D3125E9559AF5" colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" rowspan="1">SVL</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="CB843B7EF2CCA68A3F1BF24ACF8212BF" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">
|
||
<td id="D38E624ED62E44467B345694FAF248B6" colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" rowspan="1">F</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="959FE7561CC0C202497D8B824645C1C8" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">
|
||
<td id="DE91983B9AEFA2CA786B71E25AFF8B4F" colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" rowspan="1">TL</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="28F4D26D23C727647010713A53655628" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">
|
||
<td id="E3C8088D41B1F98FEAD02D6DD23DD45E" colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" rowspan="1">E</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="2963AE97BD7C66437EB337A9D17D0247" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">
|
||
<td id="377BC5D354DEEFFC68651398A8CF4431" colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" rowspan="1">D</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="39528185414F420448CB29D30D028193" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">
|
||
<td id="3503BD667046CDC2C64F809C095FA6B8" colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" rowspan="1">A</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="2CF93EDB8DE79B1142C053D933DE35F8" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">
|
||
<td id="C685F9F94301149216DDE5569D41D173" colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" rowspan="1">B</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="069BD3414785D90D04831E4A3E15E64C" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">
|
||
<td id="F5B3972C2A50DACDD081DB1FE192E26B" colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" rowspan="1">C</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3BCD2073EF655605350DFA7BCF669DC3" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">
|
||
<td id="0596E61DE58267379DDC8898B55DE01D" colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" rowspan="1">G</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="C3B86A5554204AA15EE49FD391F02C63" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">
|
||
<td id="954742FCE2D28DAA56BAD783A0BB3A72" colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" rowspan="1">H</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6E58B506DB0DBB572D9A5A1D89D0C873" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">
|
||
<td id="4BB71B99A54E4CC4A213FB8D54F5ACAE" colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" rowspan="1">I</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="04C293EF22A7E69C9451E8E0E1C450EE" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">
|
||
<td id="8C6DA6FAC3B32C9EC113CA27E5A9005F" colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" rowspan="1">Proportion indices</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="B262E9D67DE8B4195D3D6FAAB0CEB0F6" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">
|
||
<td id="B54CCDEC0054DE7B031663533AE63157" colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" rowspan="1">Scalation</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="374019F1C8B4A4D9A224F76638D8E446" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">
|
||
<td id="6552C494F9FA9D7C62AEAB793C557296" colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" rowspan="1">S</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="634129FA1532C47CADE300AE1E4F1CA1" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">
|
||
<td id="4C5AD500F5C6D04FCBA3163835559440" colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" rowspan="1">XY</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="5A69553BB2331B6CC6EDA71B18CF8848" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">
|
||
<td id="03E0DABD42136BE489F34237F2224A8F" colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" rowspan="1">T</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="221A90A50A96220B62CED5979CBB396B" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">
|
||
<td id="70C2EF66B259971C61D9E5FA15F4D5C3" colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" rowspan="1">X</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F75E7FE0DDA4B4E742B00BB1FDE7AE98" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">
|
||
<td id="2E01C834B40C0F7FD0CD8DB12A1F8B17" colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" rowspan="1">N</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="EE1F5B5E507609EDF8D733F08B347C30" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">
|
||
<td id="808444967C81CEEAF783AA09E63DBEAF" colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" rowspan="1">m</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="5971476E5856269957290B1F233696D9" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">
|
||
<td id="53DBADBDCFD27245ACF2700431448E8F" colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" rowspan="1">P</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="7CD09C49FE22572846AD98A7C1D6BEF0" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">
|
||
<td id="BFFF2733E0B9E1303A4F09C45BB50E88" colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" rowspan="1">Q</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="06639F2BFAAC26CB880C37DA86F08CF8" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">
|
||
<td id="9815D067C978B6B94019986112B3552D" colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" rowspan="1">DOR</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="D23E2C5F2C1F58DBDD16B24AB5F99F10" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">
|
||
<td id="823017461DB9EB0E441286BB8C2CE9C4" colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" rowspan="1">VEN</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="76A3D254645D63051B41EB172EA06762" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" type="hemipenal morphology">
|
||
<paragraph id="1812BBC815713E2B6845AD486BF8133A" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">Hemipenal morphology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1945DDB11064E883A72C9B45DE6E1B98" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">
|
||
The hemipenis of the male
|
||
<typeStatus id="00019156A7C7243968AB89E3C2D9E281">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
<collectionCode id="778D89E0FE5E566A438B67983445EF47" collectionName="ZMUT">ZMUT</collectionCode>
|
||
Sa178 was everted prior to fixation (Fig. 4). The trunks are dark grey pigmented on the asulcal side excluding the lobes. The sulcus spermaticus runs medially on the trunk, turns to the lateral lobe and deflates at the base of the hemibaculum. There are four paryphasmata rows running across the asulcal side of the trunk proximally to the bifurcation of the lobes. About seven additional rows of paryphasmata continues up on the lateral lobe towards the apex. Two rows of paryphasmata runs on the lateral side of the medial lobe as a continuation of the truncal ornamentation. The medial hemibaculum is ossified, quadrangular and slightly decurved. The lateral hemibaculum is smaller, triangular, and with two sharp ends.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="90F10482D0C0E392CB07C6ECE1FC8811" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="137" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" type="variation and color in life">
|
||
<paragraph id="0D8BD66138AEB649D9259F0CAB6C454B" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">Variation and color in life.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7434A43D34D4EEF70FFAB6C7814BFF55" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="137" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="BCFFFBE1E761E24A4ECF358AD5042A64">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series is relatively uniform in coloration and pattern. The ground color of the dorsum, tail, legs and head is black. The dorsum and femurs are densely covered by yellow-orange scales, most aggregated in groups of 1-10 (mostly 2-4) scales forming lines, half circles or more rarely complete rings. The markings becomes denser on the neck and changes in color to brown-grey-yellow on the upper neck and head. On the dorsal side of the hands, feet, digits, supratibials and distal 2/3 of the tail most of the light markings are of a blue-green color. On the distal half of the tail these are arrayed in several indistinct transversal bands. The venter is white-pinkish, and with a blue hue on the infratibial surfaces. The upper chest and gular region has an orange-pink hue and is densely marmorated with black on the anterior half. The black markings are paler half adjacent to the gular fold. Photographs
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="BBD0EDAA5A98C03ACAA3542857C07376" pageId="8" pageNumber="137" start="start">from</pageBreakToken>
|
||
the field allows for a description of coloration of a juvenile (Fig. 3
|
||
<collectionCode id="590835D0C316B98D6559B180F49FC9F3">C</collectionCode>
|
||
). This specimen is black with bright orange and yellow spots on the dorsum, white spots from the shoulder and anteriorly, more or less arrayed in 16 transverse rows between the venter and the head. On the distal 2/3 of the tail these spots turns into 16 complete, well defined whitish crossbands. On the dorsal sides of the legs and around the tailbase the spots are yellow-green. The head is decorated with white patches, and the lips have five white bars on both sides. The iris is dark brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D53BD081E1CC01F6920F1F075049228D" pageId="8" pageNumber="137" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="51A7DD3F9ABB9F560CCF892EDE558CE9" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="981C092DC199BAC5BE86C8BE91CC60AF" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BB1BB74DD05710F3C8027DDFC87543BB" class="Squamata" family="Varanidae" genus="Varanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Varanus semotus" pageId="8" pageNumber="137" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="semotus">Varanus semotus</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known so far only from Mussau, an island of
|
||
<quantity id="02C5C1F34FC3E0A5AB62E80CC997DEB6" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.14" unit="km" value="414.0">414 km</quantity>
|
||
<quantity id="F41242E21D6F70F48B71E2C32E6D49A7" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
|
||
the northern Bismarck Sea (Fig. 5). According to some of the locals on Mussau, monitors are absent from Emirau, the second largest island of the St. Matthias group, but this needs confirmation from fieldwork. It is also unknown whether this species occurs on the other two nearby islands Emananus and Eloaua.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="C2E79748BADA64C9683BED1F6BC7DD4F" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">
|
||
<paragraph id="47EBA575296E58C2DAE753F9854DE5DB" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">Figure 5. Map of New Guinea and surrounding islands showing the distribution of the members of the yellow-tongued monitors.</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="EF68123B7D3CF3A68C9FD0B0E85B8D5B" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" type="natural history">
|
||
<paragraph id="BD0E1701BD07E5F650D6DB96D3410AB8" pageId="9" pageNumber="138">
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="CF734AC3111488047EB34E2A40F1084F" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" start="start">Natural</pageBreakToken>
|
||
history.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9ADA65142C1B79139A47E6E5F5810DF2" pageId="9" pageNumber="138">
|
||
A total of 16 observations were made during fieldwork on Mussau, all of them along the coast near the village of Nai at the SE corner of the island. Searches in the secondary growth forest of the interior of the island and in the mangrove forests near Palakau did not produce any observations. The relatively dry coastal vegetation near Nai comprises a mixture of coconut palms, pandanus and other trees and shrubs able to persist in the karst, limestone and salt spray affected area (Fig. 6). In this vegetation
|
||
<typeStatus id="3A74B0B6B37BD2F92E7399ABF70473FD">type</typeStatus>
|
||
monitors appeared to be relatively common. Just south of the village there is a freshwater spring with a small area of Sago palms which was also a popular site for monitors. The lizards were usually spotted either as they were foraging on the ground and quickly fled up in trees, or while they were basking on the trunks of palms or other trees. The specimens collected as vouchers were noosed from trees with a long pole. As is typical of the closely related
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9D1418F31BAA8E82F768994EFA9BB771" class="Squamata" family="Varanidae" genus="Varanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Varanus doreanus" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="doreanus">Varanus doreanus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0C89577509520CF0D8AE96323706A8FC" class="Squamata" family="Varanidae" genus="Varanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Varanus finschi" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="finschi">Varanus finschi</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="75772DE256D1C29E4C2CCE4E4E3C6CC2" class="Squamata" family="Varanidae" genus="Varanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Varanus yuwonoi" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yuwonoi">Varanus yuwonoi</taxonomicName>
|
||
the specimens were exceedingly aggressive and inclined to bite when captured and handled. Stomach content analysis of the three
|
||
<collectionCode id="51958BF78505156E5BDD5CDF9B524EA3" collectionName="ZMUT">ZMUT</collectionCode>
|
||
specimens revealed a total of five reptile eggs (3,2,0) and one small skink. All stomachs contained the remains of crabs.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FF5C01D23A70C07C96E336BC38CD2CD5" author="Philipp, KM" editor="Horn, HG" journalOrPublisher="Mertensiella" pageId="16" pageNumber="145" pagination="336 - 345" title="Preliminary investigations of the natural diet of six monitor lizard species of the Varanus (Euprepiosaurus) indicus group." volume="16" volumeTitle="Advances in monitor research 3." year="2007">Philipp et al. (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recorded a bird as the stomach content of
|
||
<collectionCode id="944FDB3711288654EEE62B6634685E1F" collectionName="Denmark, Kobenhavn [= Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen, Zoological Museum">ZMUC</collectionCode>
|
||
4272.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="D9A197DC4C79FF3C6AFFDFBBD11CEE0E" pageId="9" pageNumber="138">
|
||
<paragraph id="A0874CE8161B61064826F14AD0F9FDD9" pageId="9" pageNumber="138">
|
||
Figure 6. Typical vegetation of coastal karst areas of Mussau Island where several
|
||
<taxonomicName id="39A3FF8D98F1A53057FB3E2A5AB4AE9D" class="Squamata" family="Varanidae" genus="Varanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Varanus semotus" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="semotus">Varanus semotus</taxonomicName>
|
||
were observed (photo by
|
||
<collectionCode id="5156085ECC0EF2FC4DD6AC3B08CBD7F9">VW</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="6EA61C887B4C7F9FAA7EB4143D33FE5E" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="139" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" type="morphology">
|
||
<paragraph id="2A5D487870484614EB40BB434B34D88F" pageId="9" pageNumber="138">Morphology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A510489663F0AF53A7EA620BAE86B529" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="139" pageId="9" pageNumber="138">
|
||
The PCA resolved group structure and only partly overlapping morpho-areas for the four species included (Fig. 7ab).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DA2D93209C3A18D2970DA99114E88AA8" class="Squamata" family="Varanidae" genus="Varanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Varanus semotus" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="semotus">Varanus semotus</taxonomicName>
|
||
shows no area overlap on component axes 1-2 and 1-3 while the other three species show full or partial overlap on axes 1-3 (Fig. 7b). Potential sexual dimorphism in scalation characters have not been reported and were not taken into account. PC1 and PC2 accounted for over 80% of the variation with highest loadings on characters S, XY and m (Table 4).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3E7B4A6338804847B09F1ED09F34B2B1" class="Squamata" family="Varanidae" genus="Varanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Varanus yuwonoi" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yuwonoi">Varanus yuwonoi</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92D4DD0F8CF735A0F743903121DB0A83" class="Squamata" family="Varanidae" genus="Varanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Varanus finschi" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="finschi">Varanus finschi</taxonomicName>
|
||
associate closely as a result of the mutually high scale counts.
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="C68E32A3AD65AABB5BE3B60A97EFD821" pageId="10" pageNumber="139" start="start">The</pageBreakToken>
|
||
population from Mussau is at the opposite extreme with lower scale counts than the other members.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="24C3012CB7B9E705FF1AC97ABE4DF167" class="Squamata" family="Varanidae" genus="Varanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Varanus doreanus" pageId="10" pageNumber="139" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="doreanus">Varanus doreanus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, for which the largest sample size was available (all from West Papua), demonstrate a considerable amount of intraspecific variation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="AAB6920A0DC2844B1C6F5EAF0B04FF03" pageId="10" pageNumber="139">
|
||
<paragraph id="2C3CD70FAE0C24B191127B2DC96B1454" pageId="10" pageNumber="139">
|
||
Figure 7. Principal Components Analysis of 9 scalation characters of the yellow-tongued monitors showing axis 1-2 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="906BF2B4ADCF34029069BE8C25251686">A</collectionCode>
|
||
) and 1-3 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="D52CCA988434EA364240D62CBE47E836">B</collectionCode>
|
||
). Voucher information and scale counts are found in Appendix.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="1E2573C9040C6AD64B493FDAF8F15063" pageId="10" pageNumber="139">
|
||
<paragraph id="9BD2B210E21236148CC7E53AB76A3B70" pageId="10" pageNumber="139">Table 4. Factor loadings, proportion of variance and eigenvalues for the three first components in the PCA. The two highest loading factors on each component are shown in bold.</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="D2C698F78F46B1B0EF7A0EB56F3EAEE1" pageId="10" pageNumber="139">
|
||
<table id="4B2446B5D4894F703B5549BD8B55555C" pageId="10" pageNumber="139">
|
||
<tr id="23E44EB64DFFFFA0945859180A05700B" pageId="10" pageNumber="139">
|
||
<th id="3B2255109A66BDB26B15AB0C6E5D2600" colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="139" rowspan="1">Factor</th>
|
||
<th id="8DBD874499CEF97D0BF64D8D3C337148" colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="139" rowspan="1">Comp 1</th>
|
||
<th id="40E5FF986F4B5A794E8773A486D8049F" colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="139" rowspan="1">Comp 2</th>
|
||
<th id="916E2A01751C94D0DF5947F639F9DAF0" colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="139" rowspan="1">Comp 3</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="B2BDBED35CCA0B36E36BEE46935E4A09" pageId="10" pageNumber="139">
|
||
<td id="92E72149E2B8CCBD81301D31B8796DD2" colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="139" rowspan="1">P</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="14E99AC0B60AF7B10042E93528F21511" pageId="10" pageNumber="139">
|
||
<td id="92082BC475FBCA7A70B199F80F0098A2" colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="139" rowspan="1">Q</td>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="6C6F8BE864379180EE71993C59807F4C" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-0.548">
|
||
<td id="B359EBD5E58DEB7C0AFAA2D4AEB44648" colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="139" rowspan="1">0.548</td>
|
||
<tr id="F46230FAB6A9B101B9A017AC752547EB" pageId="10" pageNumber="139">
|
||
<td id="5FEFF8108D9472237D6B36FC687F3070" colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="139" rowspan="1">S</td>
|
||
<td id="57FA46E21DD629BF9D4AE230F9F29702" colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="139" rowspan="1">0.291</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="79C48106817CF462D2D91D497A8F69ED" pageId="10" pageNumber="139">
|
||
<td id="EF0BE8762BC43248E48CEEB3B3FFE1F7" colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="139" rowspan="1">T</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="BD67C2F9182656525E7A387166223F38" pageId="10" pageNumber="139">
|
||
<td id="E4C8DD4516C9AB095AD46384AA96B886" colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="139" rowspan="1">XY</td>
|
||
<quantity id="113B2C28D8704EB6E1227402F845070D" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.61" unit="m" value="861.0">
|
||
<td id="5E1E64EA575596A08AF4F6957F194650" colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="139" rowspan="1">0.861</td>
|
||
<tr id="4B1D5204932E26FBF22070E8F7D8320D" pageId="10" pageNumber="139">
|
||
<td id="E82CD9A87810EEBC02E00290DA9B932A" colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="139" rowspan="1">m</td>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="F64DD150A9421D63CC3717F8C4342365" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="0.653">
|
||
<td id="1174A22034137C521006FAE8A3DA2278" colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="139" rowspan="1">0.653</td>
|
||
<tr id="6C12B1E24409F40C424E064C36B60D27" pageId="10" pageNumber="139">
|
||
<td id="84725252E54F963183AE9422B8CDB03A" colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="139" rowspan="1">N</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="72CC5F3ECBF63A1D1142FE135B026587" pageId="10" pageNumber="139">
|
||
<td id="D6BEBC2EFE54075DA4DD499F1019CB38" colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="139" rowspan="1">R</td>
|
||
<td id="3B19E865F6FBF5D7673E9CE172432ED3" colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="139" rowspan="1">0.457</td>
|
||
<td id="32C1EAB76E11DDED1BEEBFA3588504C0" colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="139" rowspan="1">0.457</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="BFBD0E186B0A21AD37BB41B5DD0B9558" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="140" pageId="10" pageNumber="139" type="molecular genetic analysis">
|
||
<paragraph id="D56727F17FD037FDD2DC1F7FD5564878" pageId="10" pageNumber="139">Molecular genetic analysis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="06BE61414E42A2D0A7B3FDE5FD5A3894" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="140" pageId="10" pageNumber="139">
|
||
Using PartitionFinder, we selected three data partitions:
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="8131A65A5BE542863C201B11F867DFFF" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-16.0">16S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
rRNA + ND4 1st codon positions + tRNAHIS, ND4 2nd codon positions and
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="B1E2BB73B91F195F8F3E56625672F652" pageId="11" pageNumber="140" start="start">ND</pageBreakToken>
|
||
4 3rd codon positions with the following nucleotide substitution models respectively: TrN+G, HKY+I and TrN. Bootstrap proportions and Bayesian posterior probabilities strongly supported monophyly of conspecific sequences for each taxon where we had more than one sequence available (Fig. 8). Relationships between the taxa were also strongly supported for the most part except for the nodes placing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="39AACA076154EF612C1E2C707B43A5A9" class="Squamata" family="Varanidae" genus="Varanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Varanus finschi" pageId="11" pageNumber="140" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="finschi">Varanus finschi</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0A07C5EEBE29C720B3E38144C40D985B" class="Squamata" family="Varanidae" genus="Varanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Varanus semotus" pageId="11" pageNumber="140" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="semotus">Varanus semotus</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="07C8247D351E7310725B8AAAAFA7BF53" class="Squamata" family="Varanidae" genus="Varanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Varanus yuwonoi" pageId="11" pageNumber="140" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yuwonoi">Varanus yuwonoi</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which effectively comprise a polytomy along with a clade comprising the remaining taxa.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="7630C89E100443740F0B5C18DF62D564" pageId="11" pageNumber="140">
|
||
<paragraph id="42C6DE75289AC040F899C97299F2378B" pageId="11" pageNumber="140">
|
||
Figure 8. RaxML phylogeny of the Pacific monitors based on the combined mitochondrial
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="43F92278C547294109AC2C290514D3CB" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-16.0">16S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
rRNA and ND4 regions; values show maximum likelihood bootstrap- and Bayesian posterior node support. Voucher information and GenBank accession numbers are presented in Table 2.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="F58AC106BA750A9E553F923387F0907B" pageId="11" pageNumber="140">
|
||
A single haplotype was observed for the concatenated
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="027AD80C4DB80E8335F891B92A927E06" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-16.0">16S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
rRNA and ND4 sequences among the three
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F7D19FEC914BFF1E6FE0700B4A97AF96" class="Squamata" family="Varanidae" genus="Varanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Varanus semotus" pageId="11" pageNumber="140" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="semotus">Varanus semotus</taxonomicName>
|
||
sequenced. Net average uncorrected sequence divergence (dA) between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A168EE7CCB5EE6EF3A3E43FD71A2AD2A" class="Squamata" family="Varanidae" genus="Varanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Varanus" pageId="11" pageNumber="140" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Varanus</taxonomicName>
|
||
sister species pairs for ND4 ranged from 1.9% to 14.3% with a mean of 8.7% (Table 5). Net average uncorrected sequence divergence was 6.4% between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A456E2A3A4B4BF2F595F294C20FD3A37" class="Squamata" family="Varanidae" genus="Varanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Varanus finschi" pageId="11" pageNumber="140" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="finschi">Varanus finschi</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3F0A32510AD8B34999C4B5F605A58611" class="Squamata" family="Varanidae" genus="Varanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Varanus semotus" pageId="11" pageNumber="140" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="semotus">Varanus semotus</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. and 2.3% between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8A7F3A276A0DB0EFDEF2C8347D7BFDA8" class="Squamata" family="Varanidae" genus="Varanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Varanus cerambonensis" pageId="11" pageNumber="140" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cerambonensis">Varanus cerambonensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="196BBD00533743DC5CAC056664400396" class="Squamata" family="Varanidae" genus="Varanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Varanus melinus" pageId="11" pageNumber="140" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melinus">Varanus melinus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="525A75AFD6374EF6CFD4C82F4EDC34C8" pageId="11" pageNumber="140">
|
||
<paragraph id="492AEB532082897D1F1EF7EBE439B8F1" pageId="11" pageNumber="140">
|
||
Table 5. Net average sequence divergence (dA) A) between sister species pairs of varanids and B) among members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="699F18A0F38229700A9EAAF54EC41578" class="Squamata" family="Varanidae" genus="Varanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Varanus indicus" pageId="11" pageNumber="140" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="indicus">Varanus indicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="D774FAC436E3CE32F290FD7C615958C1" pageId="11" pageNumber="140">
|
||
<table id="DFFA14FF487C20C7F202B641FE788901" pageId="11" pageNumber="140">
|
||
<tr id="36F09B4B5A85313CF9CC54401497AB0A" pageId="11" pageNumber="140">
|
||
<td id="8291A442F80778391C6FABE37C57DD6C" colspan="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="140" rowspan="1">A</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="37025F134E385F2AC1DEAC38143D66A4" pageId="11" pageNumber="140">
|
||
<td id="4C868646064D25F6F41A31D77341CB1E" colspan="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="140" rowspan="1">Sister species pair</td>
|
||
<td id="4E2D65B09A5205012E9DC723902E1A4B" colspan="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="140" rowspan="1">dA (%)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="5C560B4241E1560F07548DDA09EE5A5C" pageId="11" pageNumber="140">
|
||
<td id="185C7F98B63CFD314136E4E44FB5B093" colspan="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="140" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0A5F7F466EC71AA9F98363666A0F6F0F" class="Squamata" family="Varanidae" genus="Varanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Varanus finschi-semotus" pageId="11" pageNumber="140" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="finschi-semotus">Varanus finschi-semotus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="54C8393004CD1B9B4BB2AEFB814C3278" pageId="11" pageNumber="140">
|
||
<td id="AE2608EAC1D7494A47354665412DD45C" colspan="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="140" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9A6B38892A974E09B3F9B712F5E76D32" class="Squamata" family="Varanidae" genus="Varanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Varanus cerambonensis-melinus" pageId="11" pageNumber="140" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cerambonensis-melinus">Varanus cerambonensis-melinus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="CB9CDEDF24F1AE1FCE0279D374FFF309" pageId="11" pageNumber="140">
|
||
<td id="D9BBBF225CB2DB38C1B4D5FEB806F321" colspan="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="140" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D35D9C04E916274679550319CEB5FA47" class="Squamata" family="Varanidae" genus="Varanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Varanus brevicauda-sparnos" pageId="11" pageNumber="140" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevicauda-sparnos">Varanus brevicauda-sparnos</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="66C993012E036EF7A836B7290F2A9C8A" pageId="11" pageNumber="140">
|
||
<td id="F714E8B8B1E6A87E42B1002CBDFB2782" colspan="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="140" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6C08AA9A3D429EA3ADA2548844185584" class="Squamata" family="Varanidae" genus="Varanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Varanus eremius-sparnos" pageId="11" pageNumber="140" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eremius-sparnos">Varanus eremius-sparnos</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="43821F9DDB15E8C59A53D5FE7544D633" pageId="11" pageNumber="140">
|
||
<td id="4B64B7BA14C2A4696F0EA401E6EDFBA3" colspan="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="140" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="345CD3891353ED764B020E67574EF9B3" class="Squamata" family="Varanidae" genus="Varanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Varanus brevicauda-eremius" pageId="11" pageNumber="140" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevicauda-eremius">Varanus brevicauda-eremius</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="651DDE738E56C3B5146BE9913297B48E" pageId="11" pageNumber="140">
|
||
<td id="3376B4BE3B4A982CC27EDE43A0963A17" colspan="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="140" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C8363AEAC2EDE71DC496EEE8A517B56A" class="Squamata" family="Varanidae" genus="Varanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Varanus komodoensis-varius" pageId="11" pageNumber="140" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="komodoensis-varius">Varanus komodoensis-varius</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="133BE039E860CEED54636AC9AEC995AC" pageId="11" pageNumber="140">
|
||
<td id="9A4575B68134A124E03F38E79745856A" colspan="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="140" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="23710D1C52D4C90E2F2359F9ADA87AEF" class="Squamata" family="Varanidae" genus="Varanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Varanus mitchelli-semiremex" pageId="11" pageNumber="140" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mitchelli-semiremex">Varanus mitchelli-semiremex</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="642FE3BE8C0A741D747462025D650801" pageId="11" pageNumber="140">
|
||
<td id="34DBE5A9806FEA388D9323F21C9EEB4E" colspan="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="140" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D434640D7B2257110C820E39A79C5CB4" class="Squamata" family="Varanidae" genus="Varanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Varanus gouldii-rosenbergi" pageId="11" pageNumber="140" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gouldii-rosenbergi">Varanus gouldii-rosenbergi</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="70B161F35BBC2A328776DE41936CF0E1" pageId="11" pageNumber="140">
|
||
<td id="4074A2498C2A7565B2FBDCC5BD5BE86E" colspan="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="140" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C88D8370330958A156D5A9524AE96B85" class="Squamata" family="Varanidae" genus="Varanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Varanus bushi-gilleni" pageId="11" pageNumber="140" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bushi-gilleni">Varanus bushi-gilleni</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="EDD133D6BD45BC331FEEDEC92FE367A7" pageId="11" pageNumber="140">
|
||
<td id="BFE9347CDB630A6A013828BD731191E8" colspan="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="140" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F44B70C9D70DCC68A873A0B540DA6B4E" class="Squamata" family="Varanidae" genus="Varanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Varanus pilbarensis-hamersleyensis" pageId="11" pageNumber="140" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pilbarensis-hamersleyensis">Varanus pilbarensis-hamersleyensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="2A2D9742B1397938DEDE1414846BFA76" pageId="11" pageNumber="140">
|
||
<td id="755528B66FF09F991712884A1EFCD964" colspan="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="140" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E2C6834CD66E39DA993C126129389" class="Squamata" family="Varanidae" genus="Varanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Varanus acanthurus" pageId="11" pageNumber="140" phylum="Chordata" rank="subspecies" species="acanthurus" subspecies="insulanicus-baritji">Varanus acanthurus insulanicus-baritji</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
<table id="150B4C48071DD1CB44E4C75A3ACD20D5" pageId="11" pageNumber="140">
|
||
<tr id="85D5CC1A6765754B698F670419E0A422" pageId="11" pageNumber="140">
|
||
<td id="16E0262B28384821223697A31D8F621D" colspan="9" pageId="11" pageNumber="140" rowspan="1">B</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="E8FE1F8F5559AD0753E82685B4E866DE" pageId="11" pageNumber="140">
|
||
<td id="6EC6948AA0BE407A4AE21034EC7C92DC" colspan="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="140" rowspan="1">Taxon</td>
|
||
<td id="B6BF19C9BEA95CF8F48B8261A3913930" colspan="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="140" rowspan="1">c</td>
|
||
<td id="BEC3EF6F54FA6DE398CB132E0E8778D7" colspan="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="140" rowspan="1">i</td>
|
||
<td id="9F8002DCA0E2F960CBFE9BBCD822A978" colspan="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="140" rowspan="1">d</td>
|
||
<td id="E122384133FC2A450A8D0EF662B1C4AC" colspan="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="140" rowspan="1">f</td>
|
||
<td id="8A1E74E969CCE2FDAF31E5AEEA20F4CB" colspan="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="140" rowspan="1">m</td>
|
||
<td id="B9212359769EA27E34CFF8ED87EAB240" colspan="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="140" rowspan="1">s</td>
|
||
<td id="DB292A2530CEC43AF503E39759F0185D" colspan="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="140" rowspan="1">y</td>
|
||
<td id="CEB58E92F56DE416D44644444D345AB4" colspan="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="140" rowspan="1">j</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="85293BF549516F648CC1786D4D7983F7" pageId="11" pageNumber="140">
|
||
<td id="F348A8DC1787ABE988BAA9CCDAC4E756" colspan="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="140" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="61DE52F8AE23BDD87DAB471145C5ED69" class="Squamata" family="Varanidae" genus="Varanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Varanus cerambonensis" pageId="11" pageNumber="140" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cerambonensis">Varanus cerambonensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3A020033733B4DA1A00A68C8B34DFBEC" pageId="11" pageNumber="140">
|
||
<td id="B513B6BC001A0F95DBC195C4214DCADE" colspan="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="140" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B72942A707DFE04182D704659CDE3FE1" class="Squamata" family="Varanidae" genus="Varanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Varanus indicus" pageId="11" pageNumber="140" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="indicus">Varanus indicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="EA0C3CF1685F722CEC66602C50AE59A2" pageId="11" pageNumber="140">
|
||
<td id="BD2CB0817DC242C5E54848613E57BC63" colspan="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="140" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7968A7B50A032AA0D969CC6C9E8D017C" class="Squamata" family="Varanidae" genus="Varanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Varanus doreanus" pageId="11" pageNumber="140" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="doreanus">Varanus doreanus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6528B5A2041C4223ED7B09BAF5459458" pageId="11" pageNumber="140">
|
||
<td id="A7A2F75E697D4676F22A4FCC361B601E" colspan="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="140" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F2D7DF4DCA4862019ED0E7199E46A96" class="Squamata" family="Varanidae" genus="Varanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Varanus finschi" pageId="11" pageNumber="140" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="finschi">Varanus finschi</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="0C0FE924CE0947ADD389EBAAC09C735F" pageId="11" pageNumber="140">
|
||
<td id="2EB7074ABA3615CC9F0453BDA75E6EB8" colspan="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="140" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0E73FBD155A36FF6243D5EC701CC25A0" class="Squamata" family="Varanidae" genus="Varanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Varanus melinus" pageId="11" pageNumber="140" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melinus">Varanus melinus</taxonomicName>
|
||
m
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="03EE4D94C9F685413119BBC7B3D59AA6" pageId="11" pageNumber="140">
|
||
<td id="BBEC8F61957D8B2B9DDEC50E805A3A2D" colspan="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="140" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D027D450DF168D4FE21F6E717A280956" class="Squamata" family="Varanidae" genus="Varanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Varanus semotus" pageId="11" pageNumber="140" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="semotus">Varanus semotus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6F485D09DD6F4402927E3D508569D2E6" pageId="11" pageNumber="140">
|
||
<td id="D7535C3A5EBED16D5E9737A87EB49F4C" colspan="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="140" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AE88BEB05341C5925A40E2878F9B095" class="Squamata" family="Varanidae" genus="Varanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Varanus yuwoni" pageId="11" pageNumber="140" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yuwoni">Varanus yuwoni</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6914F82A57C2324E5C0FCD43E3ED0275" pageId="11" pageNumber="140">
|
||
<td id="722AD90A91FE763F3716CBEAE77118DE" colspan="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="140" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D21AE557B8C197728051E1CE288CE4D3" class="Squamata" family="Varanidae" genus="Varanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Varanus jobiensis" pageId="11" pageNumber="140" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jobiensis">Varanus jobiensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |