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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.86.13773" ID-PMC="PMC5672117" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-86-75" ID-Pensoft-UUID="42281F1FFF95FF9A5836A10F7B79FFE8" ID-PubMed="29158697" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1138125" ModsDocID="1314-2003-86-75" checkinTime="1506009664127" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Erkens, Roy H. J., Oosterhof, Jessica, Westra, Lubbert Y. T. &amp; Maas, Paul J. M." docDate="2017" docId="DBB824DA9ABC596995E268A23B6C8311" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 86: 75-96" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 86" docPubDate="2017-09-21" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.86.13773" docTitle="Pseudephedranthus enigmaticus Maas &amp; Westra, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="42281F1FFF95FF9A5836A10F7B79FFE8" lastPageNumber="88" masterDocId="42281F1FFF95FF9A5836A10F7B79FFE8" masterDocTitle="Revisions of Ruizodendron and Pseudephedranthus (Annonaceae) including a new species and an overview of most up-to-date revisions of Neotropical Annonaceae genera" masterLastPageNumber="96" masterPageNumber="75" pageNumber="85" updateTime="1668142058817" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Revisions of Ruizodendron and Pseudephedranthus (Annonaceae) including a new species and an overview of most up-to-date revisions of Neotropical Annonaceae genera</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Erkens, Roy H. J.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Maastricht Science Programme, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands &amp; Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Oosterhof, Jessica</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Unaffiliated, The Netherlands</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Westra, Lubbert Y. T.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Maas, Paul J. M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2017-09-21</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>86</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>75</mods:start>
<mods:end>96</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.86.13773</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.86.13773</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-86-75</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">42281F1FFF95FF9A5836A10F7B79FFE8</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">1138125</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182225801" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DBB824DA9ABC596995E268A23B6C8311" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DBB824DA9ABC596995E268A23B6C8311" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="88" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">
<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="85" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="85">
<taxonomicName LSID="DBB824DA-9ABC-5969-95E2-68A23B6C8311" authority="Maas &amp; Westra, sp. nov." authorityName="Maas &amp; Westra, sp. nov." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Pseudephedranthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudephedranthus enigmaticus" order="Magnoliales" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="enigmaticus">
<pageBreakToken pageId="10" pageNumber="85" start="start">Pseudephedranthus</pageBreakToken>
enigmaticus Maas &amp; Westra, sp. nov.
</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. a Close up of flowering branch of Pseudephedranthus enigmaticus (Evans et al. 3437) b Close up of fruiting branch of Pseudephedranthus enigmaticus (Herrera C. et al. 9959)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.86.13773.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/157342" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">Figs 4</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Drawing of Pseudephedranthus enigmaticus. a Flowering branch (Clarke 3420, U) b Flower in lateral view c Staminate flower in longitudinal section d Outer petal e Inner petal f Stamen (b-f Evans et al. 3437, WAG) g Fruit (Herrera C. 9959, WAG) h Seed, small part of seed coat removed to show lamellate ruminations i Cross section of monocarp and enclosed seed showing 4 - parted rumination (h-i Strudwick et al. 3808, U). Drawings by Esmee Winkel." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.86.13773.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/157343" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">, 5</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="86" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="86">
<pageBreakToken pageId="11" pageNumber="86" start="start">Diagnosis</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="86">
Differing from
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. fragrans" pageId="11" pageNumber="86" rank="species" species="fragrans">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">P. fragrans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by shorter petioles. Moreover, petals in
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. enigmaticus" pageId="11" pageNumber="86" rank="species" species="enigmaticus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">P. enigmaticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are for a large part covered by a very dense indument of curly hairs, those of
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. fragrans" pageId="11" pageNumber="86" rank="species" species="fragrans">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">P. fragrans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
covered by a less dense indument of appressed hairs. Also, seeds in
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. enigmaticus" pageId="11" pageNumber="86" rank="species" species="enigmaticus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">P. enigmaticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are ellipsoid instead of ovoid and smaller than in
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. fragrans" pageId="11" pageNumber="86" rank="species" species="fragrans">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">P. fragrans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="86" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="86">
<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="86">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2003-06-04" country="SURINAME" elevation="235" location="Central Suriname Nature Reserve" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sipaliwini" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry name="Suriname">SURINAME</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion country="Suriname" name="Sipaliwini">Sipaliwini</collectingRegion>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DBB824DA9ABC596995E268A23B6C8311:DA9B749216B5C60B5CA65111862D707D" country="SURINAME" name="Central Suriname Nature Reserve" stateProvince="Sipaliwini">Central Suriname Nature Reserve</location>
, ca.
<locationDeviation location="Kayserberg Airstrip">
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" unit="km" value="4.0">4 km</quantity>
ENE of Kayserberg Airstrip
</locationDeviation>
, alt.
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.35" unit="m" value="235.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.35" unit="m" value="235.0">235 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<collectingDate value="2003-06-04">4 June 2003</collectingDate>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">Evans et al. 3437</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
WAG! [barcode WAG.1584983]; isotype L! [barcode L.3724851])
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="86" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="86">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">Tree</emphasis>
, 3-15 m tall, 12-20 cm diam.; young twigs glabrous.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">Leaves</emphasis>
: petioles 3-5 by 1-2 mm; lamina narrowly elliptic, 12-22(-26) by 4-6(-9) cm (index 2.8-4), chartaceous, pale gray to greenish gray above
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">in sicco</emphasis>
, somewhat bullate above
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">in vivo</emphasis>
, greenish brown to pale brown below
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">in sicco</emphasis>
, base acute, apex acuminate (acumen 5-10 mm long), primary vein raised above, secondary veins 6-10 on either side of primary vein, raised above, smallest distance between secondary veins and margin 4-7 mm, tertiary veins raised, rarely flat above, reticulate. Only staminate flowers seen,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">Inflorescence</emphasis>
axillary, 1-2(-several)-flowered, pedicels 3-12 mm by 0.5-2 mm, rather densely to sparsely covered with erect to appressed, brown hairs to ca. 1 mm long, soon glabrous; bracts 4-5, depressed ovate, 1-2 mm long, outer side rather densely to sparsely covered with erect to appressed, brown hairs; flower buds ellipsoid; sepals shallowly ovate-triangular, ca. 2 by 2-3 mm, outer side rather densely to sparsely covered with erect to appressed, brown hairs; petals white, tinged with pale green
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">in vivo</emphasis>
, oblong-elliptic to narrowly so, 7-12 by 3-6 mm, outer side of outer petals densely to rather densely covered with appressed, brown hairs, inner side densely covered with whitish or greyish-white, curly hairs except for the glabrous base, outer side and apical part of inner petals densely covered with curly, white hairs; staminate torus conical, 2-2.5 mm long, ca. 1 mm diam. at base; stamens ca. 50, 2-2.5 mm long, apical prolongation of connective discoid, broadly elliptic.
<taxonomicName genus="Monocarps" lsidName="Monocarps" pageId="11" pageNumber="86" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">Monocarps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
3-15, green
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">in vivo</emphasis>
, black
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">in sicco</emphasis>
, ellipsoid, 12-32 by 7-15 mm, glabrous or sparsely covered with appressed hairs, apex rounded, wall 0.2-0.5 mm thick, stipes 1-4 mm long, 1-1.5 mm diam.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">Seed</emphasis>
ellipsoid, 12-19 by 7-10 mm, pale brown, transversely striate.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="86" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="86">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="86">
Guyana, Suriname, and the Brazilian state of
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pará">Para</normalizedToken>
. Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Distribution map of Ruizodendron ovale, Pseudephedranthus fragrans and P. enigmaticus." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.86.13773.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/157339" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">1</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="86" type="habitat">
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="86">Habitat and ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="86">In periodically inundated or non-inundated forest, on sandy or loamy soil, alt. 100-600 m. Flowering: May, June; fruiting: June, July, September.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="88" pageId="11" pageNumber="86" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="86">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="88" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2017-01-01" collectingDateMax="2017-12-31" collectingDateMin="2017-01-01" collectorName="Jangoux, Ribeiro" country="Brazil" county="Parque Indigena do Tumucumaque" location="Rio Maicuru" municipality="Rio Paru de Oeste" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Para">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">
<collectingCountry name="Brazil">Brazil</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pará">
<collectingRegion country="Brazil" name="Para">Para</collectingRegion>
</normalizedToken>
:
<collectingCounty>
Parque
<normalizedToken originalValue="Indígena">Indigena</normalizedToken>
do Tumucumaque
</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality>
Rio
<normalizedToken originalValue="Parú">Paru</normalizedToken>
de Oeste
</collectingMunicipality>
,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Missão">Missao</normalizedToken>
Tiriyo,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">Cavalcante 2579</emphasis>
(U);
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DBB824DA9ABC596995E268A23B6C8311:ED54AC8B64FB6CFCC00BE435ED9CED66" country="Brazil" county="Parque Indigena do Tumucumaque" municipality="Rio Paru de Oeste" name="Rio Maicuru" stateProvince="Para">Rio Maicuru</location>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DBB824DA9ABC596995E268A23B6C8311:D1BAEA495A153E89537673027C340065" country="Brazil" county="Parque Indigena do Tumucumaque" municipality="Rio Paru de Oeste" name="Igarape do Mutum" stateProvince="Para">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Igarapé">Igarape</normalizedToken>
do Mutum
</location>
, 31/2 hrs. por canoa de motor de poupa acima da pista de pouso do Lageiro,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">
<collectorName>Jangoux</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName>Ribeiro</collectorName>
1555
</emphasis>
(L, RB); W bank of
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DBB824DA9ABC596995E268A23B6C8311:A74F081169A0B819662CDC2B766894C5" country="Brazil" county="Parque Indigena do Tumucumaque" municipality="Rio Paru de Oeste" name="Rio Maicuru" stateProvince="Para">Rio Maicuru</location>
, ca.
<locationDeviation location="Lageira">
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" unit="km" value="23.0">23 km</quantity>
upstream from Lageira
</locationDeviation>
airstrip, N side of Mutum stream,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">Strudwick et al. 3808</emphasis>
(U)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2017-01-01" collectingDateMax="2017-12-31" collectingDateMin="2017-01-01" collectorName="Clarke" country="Guyana" elevation="100" location="Rupununi River" municipality="Region" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">
<collectingCountry name="Guyana">Guyana</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
. Takutu-U
<collectingMunicipality>Region</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DBB824DA9ABC596995E268A23B6C8311:F63ABA8BE128B9C0227F34905A3A5237" country="Guyana" municipality="Region" name="Rupununi River">Rupununi River</location>
,
<locationDeviation firstLocation="Kwattamang Landing" secondLocation="Rewa Village">between Kwattamang Landing and Rewa Village</locationDeviation>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="m" value="100.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">
<collectorName>Clarke</collectorName>
et al. 6750
</emphasis>
(NY, US)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2017-01-01" collectingDateMax="2017-12-31" collectingDateMin="2017-01-01" collectorName="Suriname" country="Suriname" location="Suriname" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">
<collectingCountry name="Suriname">Suriname</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
.
<collectorName>Suriname</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2010-09-05" collectorName="Banki" country="Suriname" location="Werehpai" municipality="River" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sipaliwini District">
<collectingRegion country="Suriname" name="Sipaliwini">Sipaliwini District</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion country="Suriname" name="Sipaliwini">Sipaliwini</collectingRegion>
<collectingMunicipality>River</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DBB824DA9ABC596995E268A23B6C8311:EE5BA7B333F3EF130342DD6687B7E952" country="Suriname" municipality="River" name="Werehpai" stateProvince="Sipaliwini District">Werehpai</location>
,
<collectingDate value="2010-09-05">5 September 2010</collectingDate>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bánki">
<collectorName>Banki</collectorName>
</normalizedToken>
et al. 1674
</emphasis>
(L)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2017-01-01" collectingDateMax="2017-12-31" collectingDateMin="2017-01-01" country="Suriname" location="River" municipality="Si" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sipaliwini District">
<collectingRegion country="Suriname" name="Sipaliwini">Sipaliwini District</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality>Si</collectingMunicipality>
<pageBreakToken pageId="12" pageNumber="87" start="start">paliwini</pageBreakToken>
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DBB824DA9ABC596995E268A23B6C8311:0093C10890BD436100D199BE322E56A4" country="Suriname" municipality="Si" name="River" stateProvince="Sipaliwini District">River</location>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="87">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bánki">Banki</normalizedToken>
et al. 1579
</emphasis>
(L)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2017-01-01" collectingDateMax="2017-12-31" collectingDateMin="2017-01-01" collectorName="Evans" country="Suriname" elevation="240" location="Central Suriname Nature Reserve" municipality="Zuid River" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sipaliwini">
<collectingRegion country="Suriname" name="Sipaliwini">Sipaliwini</collectingRegion>
, vicinity of camp on W bank of
<collectingMunicipality>Zuid River</collectingMunicipality>
, across river (i.e. W and outside of)
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DBB824DA9ABC596995E268A23B6C8311:F7FEC3B5AB13E12A0EB63DDEC37B0F36" country="Suriname" municipality="Zuid River" name="Central Suriname Nature Reserve" stateProvince="Sipaliwini">Central Suriname Nature Reserve</location>
, ca.
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="km" value="10.0">10 km</quantity>
straight-line distance
<locationDeviation location="Kayserberg Airstrip">SSE of Kayserberg Airstrip</locationDeviation>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" unit="m" value="240.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" unit="m" value="240.0">240 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="87">
<collectorName>Evans</collectorName>
et al. 3485
</emphasis>
(L)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2017-01-01" collectingDateMax="2017-12-31" collectingDateMin="2017-01-01" collectorName="Herrera C., Distr" country="Suriname" elevation="500" location="Eilerts de Haan mountain range" municipality="Central Suriname Nature Reserve" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sipaliwini">
<collectingRegion country="Suriname" name="Sipaliwini">Sipaliwini</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality>Central Suriname Nature Reserve</collectingMunicipality>
, on S slope of the first peak in
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DBB824DA9ABC596995E268A23B6C8311:3D3ADFC0ECC78544F1AC300392E51A7D" country="Suriname" municipality="Central Suriname Nature Reserve" name="Eilerts de Haan mountain range" stateProvince="Sipaliwini">Eilerts de Haan mountain range</location>
, ca.
<locationDeviation location="Kayserberg Airstrip">
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" unit="km" value="7.0">7 km</quantity>
ENE of Kayserberg Airstrip
</locationDeviation>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" unit="m" value="500.0" valueMax="600.0" valueMin="400.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" unit="m" value="500.0" valueMax="600.0" valueMin="400.0">400-600 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="87">
<collectorName>Herrera C.</collectorName>
et al. 9959
</emphasis>
(L, WAG);
<collectorName>Distr</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2017-01-01" collectingDateMax="2017-12-31" collectingDateMin="2017-01-01" collectorName="Lindeman, de Roon" country="Suriname" elevation="80" location="Kabalebo Dam" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Nickerie">
<collectingRegion country="Suriname" name="Nickerie">Nickerie</collectingRegion>
, area of
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DBB824DA9ABC596995E268A23B6C8311:6DF64430CCE216955B6A5673BB09F964" country="Suriname" name="Kabalebo Dam" stateProvince="Nickerie">Kabalebo Dam</location>
project,
<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="13.0" metricValueMin="3.0" unit="m" value="80.0" valueMax="130.0" valueMin="30.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="13.0" metricValueMin="3.0" unit="m" value="80.0" valueMax="130.0" valueMin="30.0">30-130 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="87">
<collectorName>Lindeman</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName>de Roon</collectorName>
752
</emphasis>
(U)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2017-01-01" collectingDateMax="2017-12-31" collectingDateMin="2017-01-01" collectorName="Oldenburger" country="Suriname" elevation="360" location="Morro Grande" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sipaliwini">
<collectingRegion country="Suriname" name="Sipaliwini">Sipaliwini</collectingRegion>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DBB824DA9ABC596995E268A23B6C8311:A5152DB2EB808DA3AC33F32DAF74A463" country="Suriname" name="Morro Grande" stateProvince="Sipaliwini">Morro Grande</location>
camp forest island,
<locationDeviation location="Morro Grande">
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" unit="km" value="6.0">6 km</quantity>
W of Morro Grande
</locationDeviation>
dome,
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" unit="m" value="360.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" unit="m" value="360.0">360 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="87">
<collectorName>Oldenburger</collectorName>
et al. 416
</emphasis>
(U)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2017-01-01" collectingDateMax="2017-12-31" collectingDateMin="2017-01-01" collectorName="Rosario" country="Suriname" elevation="235" location="Kayserberg Airstrip" municipality="Central Suriname Nature Reserve" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sipaliwini">
<collectingRegion country="Suriname" name="Sipaliwini">Sipaliwini</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality>Central Suriname Nature Reserve</collectingMunicipality>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.0" unit="km" value="3.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="2.0">2-5 km</quantity>
SE of E end of
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DBB824DA9ABC596995E268A23B6C8311:BB57F0C962C6690E902D4C515882A1E6" country="Suriname" municipality="Central Suriname Nature Reserve" name="Kayserberg Airstrip" stateProvince="Sipaliwini">Kayserberg Airstrip</location>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.35" unit="m" value="235.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.35" unit="m" value="235.0">235 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="87">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rosário">
<collectorName>Rosario</collectorName>
</normalizedToken>
1796
</emphasis>
(L)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2017-01-01" collectingDateMax="2017-12-31" collectingDateMin="2017-01-01" collectorName="Rosario" country="Suriname" elevation="235" location="Central Suriname Nature Reserve" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sipaliwini">
<collectingRegion country="Suriname" name="Sipaliwini">Sipaliwini</collectingRegion>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DBB824DA9ABC596995E268A23B6C8311:0C7D11A7602474F70327FF08A85ACBBF" country="Suriname" name="Central Suriname Nature Reserve" stateProvince="Sipaliwini">Central Suriname Nature Reserve</location>
,
<locationDeviation location="Kayserberg Airstrip">
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.0" unit="km" value="3.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="2.0">2-5 km</quantity>
ENE of Kayserberg
<pageBreakToken pageId="13" pageNumber="88" start="start">Airstrip</pageBreakToken>
</locationDeviation>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.35" unit="m" value="235.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.35" unit="m" value="235.0">235 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="88">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rosário">
<collectorName>Rosario</collectorName>
</normalizedToken>
et al. 1829
</emphasis>
(MO)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2017-01-01" collectingDateMax="2017-12-31" collectingDateMin="2017-01-01" collectorName="C. S. &amp; D. O. Rosario" country="Suriname" elevation="300" location="Eilerts de Haan mountain range" municipality="Central Suriname Nature Reserve" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sipaliwini">
<collectingRegion country="Suriname" name="Sipaliwini">Sipaliwini</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality>Central Suriname Nature Reserve</collectingMunicipality>
, vicinity of camp at southern base of the first peak in
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DBB824DA9ABC596995E268A23B6C8311:01BD14C9E6DD3F1B5E30657D6B69ADFA" country="Suriname" municipality="Central Suriname Nature Reserve" name="Eilerts de Haan mountain range" stateProvince="Sipaliwini">Eilerts de Haan mountain range</location>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="2.5" unit="m" value="300.0" valueMax="350.0" valueMin="250.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="2.5" unit="m" value="300.0" valueMax="350.0" valueMin="250.0">250-350 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="88">
<collectorName>
C.S. &amp; D.O.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rosário">Rosario</normalizedToken>
</collectorName>
2176
</emphasis>
(L)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="88" type="notes">
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="88">Notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="88">
Material of this species had previously been filed in herbaria under different generic names such as
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Annonaceae" genus="Cremastosperma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cremastosperma" order="Magnoliales" pageId="13" pageNumber="88" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="88">Cremastosperma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Guatteria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Guatteria" order="Magnoliales" pageId="13" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="88">Guatteria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="L.W.Chatrou" authorityYear="1998" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Klarobelia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Klarobelia" order="Magnoliales" pageId="13" pageNumber="88" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="88">Klarobelia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="R.E.Fries" authorityYear="1905" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Annonaceae" genus="Malmea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Malmea" order="Magnoliales" pageId="13" pageNumber="88" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="88">Malmea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Annonaceae" genus="Oxandra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Oxandra" order="Magnoliales" pageId="13" pageNumber="88" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="88">Oxandra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Rollinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Rollinia" order="Magnoliales" pageId="13" pageNumber="88" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="88">Rollinia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(which is quite aberrant!). The confusion is aptly expressed in the epithet &quot;
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Rollinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="enigmaticus" order="Magnoliales" pageId="13" pageNumber="88" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="enigmaticus">enigmaticus</taxonomicName>
&quot;. This new species fits quite well, however, within the genus
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Pseudephedranthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudephedranthus" order="Magnoliales" pageId="13" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="88">Pseudephedranthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(segregated from
<taxonomicName authorityName="S.Moore" authorityYear="1895" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Ephedranthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ephedranthus" order="Magnoliales" pageId="13" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="88">Ephedranthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by Aristeguieta in
<bibRefCitation author="Aristeguieta, L" editor="Maguire, B" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of The New York Botanical Garden" pageId="15" pageNumber="90" pagination="42 - 43" refId="B1" refString="Aristeguieta, L, 1969. Annonaceae. In: Maguire, B, Ed., [et al.] - Botany of the Guayana highlands. Part 8. Memoirs of The New York Botanical Garden 18: 42 - 43" title="Annonaceae." volume="18" volumeTitle="[et al.] - Botany of the Guayana highlands. Part 8." year="1969">1969</bibRefCitation>
), among others by the leaf venation, fruit and seed structure, and the strong similarity of the flowers. We acknowledge the fact that
<bibRefCitation author="Pirie, MD" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Biogeography" pageId="16" pageNumber="91" pagination="31 - 46" refId="B36" refString="Pirie, MD, Chatrou, LW, Mols, JB, Erkens, RHJ, Oosterhof, J., 2006. 'Andean-centred' genera in the short branch clade of Annonaceae: testing biogeographical hypotheses using phylogeny reconstruction and molecular dating. Journal of Biogeography 33: 31 - 46" title="' Andean-centred' genera in the short branch clade of Annonaceae: testing biogeographical hypotheses using phylogeny reconstruction and molecular dating." volume="33" year="2006">Pirie et al. (2006)</bibRefCitation>
demonstrated that
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Pseudephedranthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudephedranthus fragrans" order="Magnoliales" pageId="13" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fragrans">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="88">Pseudephedranthus fragrans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is nested in
<taxonomicName authorityName="L.W.Chatrou" authorityYear="1998" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Klarobelia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Klarobelia" order="Magnoliales" pageId="13" pageNumber="88" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="88">Klarobelia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. From a morphological point of view (leaves and venation; flower morphology) this is quite surprising, given that overall morphology of
<taxonomicName authorityName="L.W.Chatrou" authorityYear="1998" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Klarobelia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Klarobelia" order="Magnoliales" pageId="13" pageNumber="88" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="88">Klarobelia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is homogenous, and
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Pseudephedranthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudephedranthus" order="Magnoliales" pageId="13" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="88">Pseudephedranthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is deviant from the general
<taxonomicName authorityName="L.W.Chatrou" authorityYear="1998" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Klarobelia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Klarobelia" order="Magnoliales" pageId="13" pageNumber="88" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="88">Klarobelia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
morphology. Therefore, we prefer to describe this new species in
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Pseudephedranthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudephedranthus" order="Magnoliales" pageId="13" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="88">Pseudephedranthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to reflect the morphological similarity to
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. fragrans" pageId="13" pageNumber="88" rank="species" species="fragrans">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="88">P. fragrans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. enigmaticus" pageId="13" pageNumber="88" rank="species" species="enigmaticus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="88">P. enigmaticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinct from
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. fragrans" pageId="13" pageNumber="88" rank="species" species="fragrans">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="88">P. fragrans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by shorter petioles and, particularly, by the much denser indument of small curly hairs on most of the inner side of the petals (versus mostly small straight hairs). Also, seeds in
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. enigmaticus" pageId="13" pageNumber="88" rank="species" species="enigmaticus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="88">P. enigmaticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are ellipsoid and 12-19 by 7-10 mm in contrast to
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. fragrans" pageId="13" pageNumber="88" rank="species" species="fragrans">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="88">P. fragrans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were they are ovoid and larger (25-30 by 13-15 mm).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="88">The specimens investigated here were either fruiting or flowering, the flowers all being staminate. Carpel bearing flowers are still needed to complete the description.</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="1138133" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.86.13773.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/157342" pageId="13" pageNumber="88" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="88">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="88">Figure 4.</emphasis>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="88">a</emphasis>
Close up of flowering branch of
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Pseudephedranthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudephedranthus enigmaticus" order="Magnoliales" pageId="13" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="enigmaticus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="88">Pseudephedranthus enigmaticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="88">Evans et al. 3437</emphasis>
)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="88">b</emphasis>
Close up of fruiting branch of
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Pseudephedranthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudephedranthus enigmaticus" order="Magnoliales" pageId="13" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="enigmaticus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="88">Pseudephedranthus enigmaticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="88">Herrera C. et al. 9959</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="1138135" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.86.13773.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/157343" pageId="13" pageNumber="88" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="88">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="88">Figure 5.</emphasis>
Drawing of
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Pseudephedranthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudephedranthus enigmaticus" order="Magnoliales" pageId="13" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="enigmaticus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="88">Pseudephedranthus enigmaticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="88">a</emphasis>
Flowering branch (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="88">Clarke 3420</emphasis>
, U)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="88">b</emphasis>
Flower in lateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="88">c</emphasis>
Staminate flower in longitudinal section
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="88">d</emphasis>
Outer petal
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="88">e</emphasis>
Inner petal
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="88">f</emphasis>
Stamen (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="88">b-f</emphasis>
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="88">Evans et al. 3437</emphasis>
, WAG)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="88">g</emphasis>
Fruit (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="88">Herrera C. 9959</emphasis>
, WAG)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="88">h</emphasis>
Seed, small part of seed coat removed to show lamellate ruminations
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="88">i</emphasis>
Cross section of monocarp and enclosed seed showing 4-parted rumination (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="88">h-i</emphasis>
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="88">Strudwick et al. 3808</emphasis>
, U). Drawings by
<normalizedToken originalValue="Esmée">Esmee</normalizedToken>
Winkel.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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