211 lines
26 KiB
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211 lines
26 KiB
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<document ID-CLB-Dataset="62488" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514" ID-GBIF-Dataset="30f0f54f-e5af-493f-b792-c1c661ef03bf" ID-PMC="PMC9849010" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-198-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="486F1F1B4F5854D2831AAA341B9A322C" ID-PubMed="36760991" ModsDocID="1314-2003-198-1" checkinTime="1654168732655" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Aubriot, Xavier & Knapp, Sandra" docDate="2022" docId="DA324D61E1AC3E494F3BE452EC978BD0" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 198: 1-270" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 198" docPubDate="2022-06-01" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514" docTitle="Solanum viarum Dunal, Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13 (1): 240. 1852." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="486F1F1B4F5854D2831AAA341B9A322C" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="486F1F1B4F5854D2831AAA341B9A322C" masterDocTitle="A revision of the " spiny solanums " of Tropical Asia (Solanum, the Leptostemonum Clade, Solanaceae)" masterLastPageNumber="270" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1732649590965" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="843DB93EC93157C8D03F75FDAABFD506">
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<mods:title id="72CDBAF035060CBB4FA51D2CA88436C0">A revision of the " spiny solanums " of Tropical Asia (Solanum, the Leptostemonum Clade, Solanaceae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="437A907D2A56DB39CCE8BE611B0C4D55" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="56EB0D49E75ECC0AFE40859D89954EFA">Aubriot, Xavier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="AF54ABF7212F383435F00A0725282980">Universite Paris-Saclay, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Ecologie Systematique et Evolution, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France & The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="20FA756D0FD7CC0807FBAEA7F9ECF182">Knapp, Sandra</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="DA669ABC4F545A184F856078CCEC3AF4" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7698-3945</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="E53BD9A11D4DB63B6BBBE5F0502AA727">The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="8CF1D4BCBCA31FB102BC5EC2F0787076" type="email">s.knapp@nhm.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="5608FE4183C8AF6A8AF4EFD849E22A86">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="359B568515B3A849B02D6794F7355C06">PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="4215514065D2EE4D62F5C0800AE6A870">
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<mods:date id="F02FC4E09610DBEFE3159488B92A84F6">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="CEC92F98F8A84F2B97868462A99C99CE">2022-06-01</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="4AE54B290B8FD038FB36BAE635A10ED6">198</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="251EAED55B1BFEFD96CA3B7DDA235EC8" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="DA324D61E1AC3E494F3BE452EC978BD0" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195723726" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DA324D61E1AC3E494F3BE452EC978BD0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DA324D61E1AC3E494F3BE452EC978BD0" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_family="Solanaceae">
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<subSubSection id="C91ACA83881BFE67E7EA8AC659906CFD" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="26D13C10E91F03786BE8654641297AD1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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47.
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<taxonomicName id="0EC740960FEDEAAAE718D5DCA82ED078" ID-CoL="6Z5BM" authority="Dunal, Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13 (1): 240. 1852." authorityName="Dunal, Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13 (1): 240. 1852." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum viarum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="viarum">Solanum viarum Dunal, Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 13(1): 240. 1852.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6B847F66282FCBFC88F944FF9E856103" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph id="BA15AE3B87F59C590708867863150ED8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<figureCitation id="795A2605467B8C0A5DC9D430AD424576" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Diversity of inflorescences and flowers in tropical Asian spiny solanums A lax, spreading inflorescences and stellate flowers of Solanum violaceum (Sampath Kumar et al. 126945, India) B condensed, recurved inflorescences and stellate flowers of S. multiflorum (Sampath Kumar et al. 126950, India) C inflorescences and large stellate flowers of S. involucratum (field photograph, unvouchered, Vietnam) D inflorescences and stellate flowers of S. pubescens with unequal stamens, one long and recurved (Sampath Kumar et al. 126956, India) E large rotate flower of S. insanum with abundant interpetalar corolla tissues (Sampath Kumar et al. 126918, India) F many flowered inflorescence and infructescence of S. pseudosaponaceum (field photograph, unvouchered, Philippines) G many flowered inflorescences of S. torvum; flowers with well-developed interpetalar corolla tissues (Suksathan et al. PS 3815, Thailand) H small stellate flowers of S. viarum (Sampath Kumar et al. 126944, India). Photograph credits: A, B, D, E, H X. Aubriot C M. Nuraliev F D. Tandang G D. Pedersen." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/689696" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 3H</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="E752EB6818B5326354FBDD645310049A" captionStart="Figure 73" captionStartId="F73" captionText="Figure 73. Introduced species of Solanum. Solanum torvum Sw. A habit (Meeboonya et al. RM 267, Thailand) B detail view of an inflorescence with flowers and fruits (Meeboonya et al. RM 267, Thailand). Solanum viarum Dunal C habit (Sampath Kumar et al. 126976, India) D detail view of a flower (Sampath Kumar et al. 126923, India) E detail view of a fruit (Sampath Kumar et al. 126923, India). Solanum wrightii Benth. F habit (Meeboonya et al. RM 271, Thailand) G detail view of flowers (Meeboonya et al. RM 271, Thailand) H detail view of fruits (Meeboonya et al. RM 271, Thailand). Photograph credits: X. Aubriot." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514.figure73" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/689766" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 73C-E</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6B35413262BBF0A9E87DFB5DB0780E61" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="3388492FCE7789D1154368F038703BC3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="80C8F6299EA4DF398725B41BEF719751" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum khasianum subsp. var. var. chatterjeeanum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="khasianum" subSpecies="var." variety="chatterjeeanum">Solanum khasianum C.B.Clarke var. chatterjeeanum</taxonomicName>
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Sengupta, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 3: 413. 1961. Type. India. Tamil Nadu: "Madras, Nilgiris district", 1075 m, 17 Jul 1960,
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<emphasis id="6CCBF2C0175254D601D825F6518E73BC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K. Subramanyam 10413</emphasis>
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(holotype: CAL [CAL-10413A]; isotypes: CAL [CAL-10413B, CAL-10413C]).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8998A7A5D1D84958932667634C70963F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="332A036B97EB99F882C1082698A1CD88" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<typeStatus id="683EDECF4CFCCFCD1314A3F401C8D3F5">Type</typeStatus>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="38752A783137C5382B4675857B9D94C1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<materialsCitation id="C417F5C14B1D0492FB819E4F21DF2D72" collectingDate="2022-01-01" collectingDateMax="2022-12-31" collectingDateMin="2022-01-01" collectorName="P. Lund" country="Brazil" location="Sao Paulo" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sao Paulo" typeStatus="holotype">
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<collectingCountry id="95116FE01123954218FF25D015AD04EC" name="Brazil">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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.
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<collectingRegion id="CA8AC0C1CE53C3EDF2AE56EC3023CE70" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo">
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<normalizedToken id="582EC41ABB1736ADBEFAEB7093A8374B" originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
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Paulo
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</collectingRegion>
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: sin. loc.,
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<emphasis id="1CF2C1899345BBB5624F996DCFAA9F3E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<collectorName id="C1F9815DB56820F93A83197A07F2CDA4">P. Lund</collectorName>
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799
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</emphasis>
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(
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<typeStatus id="3619CB66013675221E81066779F87E05">holotype</typeStatus>
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: G-DC [G00145818, F neg. 6816, IDC microfiche 800-61.2080:I.1])
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9C23A3E14C4910A2795FE39C0C939F30" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8AB4A4E56E38271137DFACFA25A086DA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6E6976D7D6DDD9F54104B812DC2D6063" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<bibRefCitation id="536494A6C0FE1B3C19C359A2E9957AA7" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03027161" author="Vorontsova, MS" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany Monographs" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 428" refId="B259" refString="Vorontsova, MS, Knapp, S, 2016. A revision of the "spiny solanums," Solanum subgenus Leptostemonum (Solanaceae), in Africa and Madagascar. Systematic Botany Monographs 99: 1 - 428, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03027161" title="A revision of the " spiny solanums, " Solanum subgenus Leptostemonum (Solanaceae), in Africa and Madagascar." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03027161" volume="99" year="2016">Vorontsova and Knapp (2016</bibRefCitation>
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: 365-368); http://www.solanaceaesource.org/solanaceae/solanum-viarum.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="FA7618FB41E28C69AC1764AC4E5253B0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="796DC105B5B5217DB64D4D82277A5BB5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CBAAF5A924A375310E1B17B3A71265B9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="D96E8A9FBB41A7B861DCDAD5182AA29C" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum viarum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="viarum">
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<emphasis id="9E669A0A59A093BE00A88AE22ECB5D3F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum viarum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is widely distributed in tropical Asia, particularly in China and northern India; native to Brazil, this species is widely adventive and can be invasive (see below).
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<taxonomicName id="BF20F6749FF77246406C62F1574825B4" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum viarum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="viarum">
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<emphasis id="1B776CACC6238CEE03C4E6531F31AFE2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum viarum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has been formally assessed as of Least Concern (LC) on the IUCN Red List (
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<bibRefCitation id="B9112CB658A496628783E34B6F0413A2" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T101534565A101534580.en" author="Knapp, S" journalOrPublisher="Anales del Jardin Botanico de Madrid" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B124" refString="Knapp, S, 2020. Solanum viarum. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T101534565A101534580. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T101534565A101534580.en" title="Solanum viarum. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e. T 101534565 A 101534580." url="https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T101534565A101534580.en" year="2020">Knapp 2020</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="81CE00850F13CF3311498800F6B0BA7E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="common names">
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<paragraph id="AC204FD9226BA15CB132AC541E82D17F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Common names.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FA3453BBB6101EB1C9A62793EA181BFB" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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China. mao guo qie (
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<bibRefCitation id="DD5F98B7F2ABB1158057F19A87C08169" author="Zhang, Z-Y" journalOrPublisher="National Taiwan University" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B280" refString="Zhang, Z-Y, Lu, A, D'Arcy, WG, 1994. Solanaceae. In: Wu ZY, Raven PH (Eds) Flora of China. Vol. 17 (Verbenaceae through Solanaceae). Science Press & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing & St. Louis." title="Solanaceae. In: Wu ZY, Raven PH (Eds) Flora of China. Vol. 17 (Verbenaceae through Solanaceae). Science Press & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing & St. Louis." year="1994">Zhang et al. 1994</bibRefCitation>
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). India. Andaman and Nicobar Islands: jangli baigun (
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<emphasis id="4BE240BAC4A9ACCFCB5BB5BFD3683428" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Basu ANC-6866</emphasis>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A25399CECC450B4EFDD137E62C8890E1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="A2E2E8593CD599579003638D2F826FB6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Discussion.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F1F9A7D7987681EBC01044E2C60BE299" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="94AEAAA4B15DDA4A6369B460C627DED4" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum viarum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="viarum">
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<emphasis id="24EA31460C60455A71855C360DA3A66C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum viarum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is a member of the
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<taxonomicName id="7F923E19C0F9E8C4463F444C36E9C96E" authorityName="J. V. F. Lamouroux" authorityYear="1813" class="Florideophyceae" family="Rhodomelaceae" genus="Acanthophora" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Acanthophora" order="Ceramiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="genus">Acanthophora</taxonomicName>
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clade (sensu
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<bibRefCitation id="FB43C883D67A2D16B9EAEAF63D31A400" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.605018" author="Stern, SR" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1429 - 1441" refId="B232" refString="Stern, SR, Agra, M de F, Bohs, L, 2011. Molecular delimitation of clades within New World species of the "spiny solanums" (Solanum subgenus Leptostemonum). Taxon 60 (5): 1429 - 1441, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.605018" title="Molecular delimitation of clades within New World species of the " spiny solanums " (Solanum subgenus Leptostemonum)." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.605018" volume="60" year="2011">Stern et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="2CEBCB34B4A49B1EF15D16E28430B9ED" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.1827" author="Gagnon, E" journalOrPublisher="American Journal of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="580 - 601" refId="B82" refString="Gagnon, E, Hilgenhof, R, Orejuela, A, McDonnell, A, Sablok, G, Aubriot, X, Giacomin, L, Gouvea, Y, Bragonis, T, Stehmann, JR, Bohs, L, Dodsworth, S, Martine, C, Poczai, P, Knapp, S, Saerkinen, T, 2022. Phylogenomic discordance suggests polytomies along the backbone of the large genus Solanum. American Journal of Botany 109 (4): 580 - 601, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.1827" title="Phylogenomic discordance suggests polytomies along the backbone of the large genus Solanum." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.1827" volume="109" year="2022">Gagnon et al. 2022</bibRefCitation>
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), along with
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<taxonomicName id="6317C0CD9CC415730F75BD97D4ABFDC1" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. aculeatissimum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aculeatissimum">
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<emphasis id="4C9B7557D8DACF73D4319559DD45F6A1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. aculeatissimum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="C5862BE10F21488C7C4776232349BD1A" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. capsicoides" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="capsicoides">
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<emphasis id="12D858C3FF9776024BD00BB7F3683EA9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. capsicoides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="105185BFC36F3B883183B5DCB4C30109" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. mammosum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mammosum">
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<emphasis id="8C255034BC7F0203B5F1E05595DB183A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. mammosum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. All members of the clade can be distinguished by their pubescence of simple trichomes (derived from stellate midpoints, see
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<bibRefCitation id="47653D0BA6222FC47B6AE147AD2327FE" author="Whalen, MD" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B268" refString="Whalen, MD, 1984. Conspectus of species groups in Solanum subgenus Leptostemonum. Gentes Herbarum 12: 179-282." title="Conspectus of species groups in Solanum subgenus Leptostemonum. Gentes Herbarum 12: 179 - 282." year="1984">Whalen 1984</bibRefCitation>
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) on upper leaf surfaces. It can be distinguished from the rest of the members of the clade in tropical Asia in its dense and fine glandular pubescence on all parts, relatively small fruits, unwinged seeds, and small, pale greenish cream flowers. It is most similar to
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<taxonomicName id="A2B337AFAD21F85551459F39949CE19D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. aculeatissimum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aculeatissimum">
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<emphasis id="C9F2B8BD9B9176C9A8941A64F6CB800E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. aculeatissimum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, which has similarly small berries, but differs from that species in its deltate, rather than long acuminate, calyx lobes and puberulent, rather than stipitate-glandular, ovary. The prickles of
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<taxonomicName id="D6C8A9947E765DD4DEFB8DD2888E9BE4" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. viarum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="viarum">
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<emphasis id="DE662272D265A64102EB2523038D8E9E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. viarum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
are often slightly curved and of uniform length, while those of
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<taxonomicName id="F190EAD74ABC233E4C75E361CAFE31E3" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. aculeatissimum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aculeatissimum">
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<emphasis id="9069655F30898F7B94D9361A191C3349" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. aculeatissimum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are straight and of varying lengths.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8FB3FBAB6E26309AE56B57B20DD6F3D8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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|
<taxonomicName id="D12882A87197AEF5CCB0CCF14790B835" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum viarum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="viarum">
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<emphasis id="EE405EBF867F99B3088FEFF03926631D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum viarum</emphasis>
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|
</taxonomicName>
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|
and
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<taxonomicName id="83EEA88B951197E525A2807E536976C4" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. aculeatissimum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aculeatissimum">
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<emphasis id="FBD539F946587E554836ED9F2CD95DE3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. aculeatissimum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
were both previously known as
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<taxonomicName id="9940D43AA7BA8C9E030CCB34E11C5554" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. khasianum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="khasianum">
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<emphasis id="6A903B8D69FA498A118616BA0E3480B6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. khasianum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
(see
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<bibRefCitation id="DE71C6CC143D4741DBE22CC7024074A5" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/4110004" author="Babu, CR" journalOrPublisher="Kew Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="407 - 411" refId="B11" refString="Babu, CR, Hepper, FN, 1979. Taxonomy and nomenclature of Solanum khasianum and some of its relatives. Kew Bulletin 34 (2): 407 - 411, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/4110004" title="Taxonomy and nomenclature of Solanum khasianum and some of its relatives." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/4110004" volume="34" year="1979">Babu and Hepper 1979</bibRefCitation>
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|
), but subsequent monographic work across the native range of these taxa (
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|
<bibRefCitation id="52758B39AAE91078048CAD71CC8E905A" author="Nee, M" journalOrPublisher="Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology (Campinas)" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B185" refString="Nee, M, 1979. A revision of Solanum section Acanthophora. PhD dissertation, University of Wisconsin, Madison." title="A revision of Solanum section Acanthophora. PhD dissertation, University of Wisconsin, Madison." year="1979">Nee 1979</bibRefCitation>
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|
) clarified that the two were distinct.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9A0264D7C9941EBE878FED270D9B33A2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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|
<taxonomicName id="46AFDE46F028F830450CF099369F20B5" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum viarum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="viarum">
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|
<emphasis id="329D073F6AD6B7FF7242CAC7A5E47935" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum viarum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
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|
has potent antioxidant compounds similar to those used medicinally from other species in tropical Asia (e.g.,
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|
<taxonomicName id="1A327FB9C2F83C185B420B644A39F640" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. insanum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="insanum">
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|
<emphasis id="2FE8FC24738D39FFE0DFC167B3D5265B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. insanum</emphasis>
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|
</taxonomicName>
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|
, see Uses, pg. 18-20) and has potential for medicinal or other use in the area (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="9BE2E660DD5603A5EF6875A822D66F5E" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1021/np300553t" author="Wu, S-B" journalOrPublisher="Zhiwu Fenlei Xuebao" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B276" refString="Wu, S-B, Meyer, RS, Whitaker, BS, Litt, A, Kennelly, EJ, 2012. Antioxidant glucosylated caffeoquinic acid derivatives in the invasive tropical soda apple, Solanum viarum. Journal of Natural Products 75(12): 2246-2250. https://doi.org/10.1021/np300553t" title="Antioxidant glucosylated caffeoquinic acid derivatives in the invasive tropical soda apple, Solanum viarum. Journal of Natural Products 75 (12): 2246 - 2250." url="https://doi.org/10.1021/np300553t" year="2012">Wu et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
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|
). In Bhutan it has been recorded as being grown as a source of the alkaloid solasodine (
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|
<bibRefCitation id="590FE104CB2CC509FC59E8CC52DF1655" author="Mill, RR" editor="Grierson, AJC" journalOrPublisher="Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edniburgh" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1037 - 1078" refId="B173" refString="Mill, RR, 2001. Solanaceae. In: Grierson, AJC, Long, DG, Springate, LS, Eds., Flora of Bhutan, including a record of plants from Sikkim and Darjeeling Volume 2, part 3. Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edniburgh: 1037 - 1078" title="Solanaceae." volumeTitle="Flora of Bhutan, including a record of plants from Sikkim and Darjeeling Volume 2, part 3." year="2001">Mill 2001</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="DD37373574E114DD03E14B90B68A10F4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B36D84F563447775E7DB79C9B306785C" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum viarum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="viarum">
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|
<emphasis id="F7E68BDC9D6E50AF47024061270E2F6C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum viarum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(under the common name soda apple or tropical soda apple) has been classified as a noxious weed in the southern United States and Australia (https://www.ars.usda.gov/news-events/news/research-news/1999/digging-burning-thwart-soda-apple-weed/; https://weeds.dpi.nsw.gov.au/Weeds/Details/186). Where we have seen it in tropical Asia it is similarly aggressive and can take over fields and pastures.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="5BCC862A56DD1FB18E30C950A12D337E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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|
<paragraph id="063028151244EC9DB9C1CD04F42251BA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="32E267F8A9473C4A31FC19AB5A3FF843" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">See Suppl. materials 1-3.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |