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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.170.1428" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c80db231-964b-4537-b2dd-f7beec81735b" ID-PMC="PMC3288677" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-170-1" ID-PubMed="22408378" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2012" ModsDocID="1313-2970-170-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 170" ModsDocTitle="Three new species of Fancy Case caterpillars from threatened forests of Hawaii (Lepidoptera, Cosmopterigidae, Hyposmocoma)" checkinTime="1451249337334" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Kawahara, Akito Y. &amp; Rubinoff, Daniel" docDate="2012" docId="D9BFDEDA69E1A35B7C4298B6994973B0" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 170: 1-20" docOrigin="ZooKeys 170" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.170.1428" docTitle="Hyposmocoma ipohapuu Kawahara &amp; Rubinoff, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="8" masterDocId="FFF17C03FF83141EFF85156ED629F32A" masterDocTitle="Three new species of Fancy Case caterpillars from threatened forests of Hawaii (Lepidoptera, Cosmopterigidae, Hyposmocoma)" masterLastPageNumber="20" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="7" updateTime="1668153248731" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Three new species of Fancy Case caterpillars from threatened forests of Hawaii (Lepidoptera, Cosmopterigidae, Hyposmocoma)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Kawahara, Akito Y.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Rubinoff, Daniel</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>170</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>20</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.170.1428</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.170.1428</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-170-1</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152033289" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:DBFC2894-9314-41EE-81BB-F19198CA3F6F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D9BFDEDA69E1A35B7C4298B6994973B0" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:DBFC2894-9314-41EE-81BB-F19198CA3F6F" authority="Kawahara &amp; Rubinoff" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hyposmocoma ipohapuu" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ipohapuu">Hyposmocoma ipohapuu Kawahara &amp; Rubinoff</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="6" pageNumber="7">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figs 371419
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hyposmocoma ipohapuu" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ipohapuu">Hyposmocoma ipohapuu</taxonomicName>
has a forewing pattern that differs from any other described species in the genus. A wide pale yellow band is present along the anal margin of the forewing and curves proximally at the wing margin towards the costa. A small, round, dark brown mark is present approximately two thirds of the way from the wing base to the apex.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Male (n = 2; Fig. 3). Forewing length 5.0 mm.Head with pale brown scales radiating from compound eye. Haustellum with a mixture of light and dark brown scales. Maxillary palpus reduced. Labial palpus recurved and covered in pale brown scales, which are dark laterally. Antennal flagellum pale brown, with a ring of dark brown scales extending from the proximal margin of each flagellomere. Thorax mainly pale brown, dark brown at cervical margin and near posterior margin of notum. Foreleg dark brown with pale brown ring at distal margin of femur. Midleg as foreleg, but with pale brown ring at distal margin of tibia and tarsomeres I-V, spurs pale brown. Hindleg as midleg but longer with long pale brown hairs. Forewing pale brown, with dark brown band extending from costal margin of wing base to apex, mark forming a convex arch near apex. A separate brown band extends along anal margin of forewing. Fringe pale brown. Hindwing and hindwing fringe grayish brown. Abdomen dorsally dark brown; ventrally pale brown with a tuft of long pale brown scales on either side of genitalia.</paragraph>
<caption pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Figures 7-10. Larval cases of some purse-cased
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hyposmocoma" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hyposmocoma</taxonomicName>
. 7
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hyposmocoma ipohapuu" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ipohapuu">Hyposmocoma ipohapuu</taxonomicName>
sp. n. 8
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hyposmocoma makawao" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="makawao">Hyposmocoma makawao</taxonomicName>
sp. n. 9
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hyposmocoma nebulifera" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nebulifera">Hyposmocoma nebulifera</taxonomicName>
10
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hyposmocoma tantala" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tantala">Hyposmocoma tantala</taxonomicName>
sp. n. Scale bar = 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Male genitalia. (Fig. 14). Right brachium of uncus sickle shaped, rather thick, heavily sclerotized, slender at apical 1/3, slightly twisted to left. Left brachium small, not sclerotized. Tegumen wide and sclerotized. Valvae asymmetrical, left valva slightly wider at middle than right, with three long sclerotized club-shaped setae along dorsal margin curving posteriorly. Dorsal margin of right valva smooth, lacking setal sockets. Phallus stout, blunt tipped, heavily sclerotized, and bent ventrad at about 1/2 of length; vesica without spines or cornuti. Anellus with two symmetrical rounded lobes, thin until apex, both adorned with few small setae.</paragraph>
<caption pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Figures 11-15. Male genitalia. 11
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hyposmocoma auropurpurea" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="auropurpurea">Hyposmocoma auropurpurea</taxonomicName>
12
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hyposmocoma nebulifera" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nebulifera">Hyposmocoma nebulifera</taxonomicName>
13
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hyposmocoma tantala" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tantala">Hyposmocoma tantala</taxonomicName>
sp. n. 14
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hyposmocoma ipohapuu" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ipohapuu">Hyposmocoma ipohapuu</taxonomicName>
sp. n. 15
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hyposmocoma makawao" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="makawao">Hyposmocoma makawao</taxonomicName>
sp. n. Scale bar = 1 mm. Figs 11-14 stained with Chlorazol Black, Fig. 15 stained with Orange G.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Female. (n = 1). Externally as male, but with longer forewing length (5.8 mm) and small dark brown mark medially below dark band on forewing.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Female genitalia. (Fig. 19). Papillae anales long and setose. Anterior and posterior apophyses thin and straight, slightly enlarged at posterior end, posterior apophyses about 2x length as anterior apophyses. Ostium bursae small, heavily sclerotized, externally protruding into a triangle, not snail-shaped. Corpus bursae oval with light
<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="8" start="start">scobination</pageBreakToken>
; signum absent. Ductus bursae thick, approximately 1/2 length of corpus bursae. Apical margin of tergum VIII with median emargination.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Figures 16-19. Female genitalia.16
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hyposmocoma tantala" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tantala">Hyposmocoma tantala</taxonomicName>
sp. n., lateral view 17
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hyposmocoma inversella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inversella">Hyposmocoma inversella</taxonomicName>
, ventral view 18
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hyposmocoma auropurpurea" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="auropurpurea">Hyposmocoma auropurpurea</taxonomicName>
, ventral view 19
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hyposmocoma ipohapuu" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ipohapuu">Hyposmocoma ipohapuu</taxonomicName>
sp. n., ventral view. Scale bar = 1 mm. Figs 16-18 stained with Chlorazol Black, Fig. 19 stained with Orange G.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Larval case. (n = 5; Fig 7). The mature case is 5.9-6.6 mm in length and 1.2-1.5 mm wide, smooth with banding that follows the length of the case. The case widens slightly at both ends.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="material examined">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Holotype: ♂, [1] Printed white label: 'H[AWAI]I: Hawaii, Volcano village | Pearl ave[nue], on tree fern |
<normalizedToken originalValue="“purse”">&quot;purse&quot;</normalizedToken>
case, X-30-08 | em[ergence]. III-13-[20]08, #DR08K8C | coll[ector]. J[esse]. Eiben, M[elissa].
<normalizedToken originalValue="Dean’">Dean'</normalizedToken>
; [2] Printed red label: 'HOLOTYPE |
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hyposmocoma ipohapuu" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ipohapuu">Hyposmocoma ipohapuu</taxonomicName>
Kawahara &amp;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rubinoff’">Rubinoff'</normalizedToken>
. Male genitalia slide #AK110. Specimen in perfect condition. Paratypes: (1♂, 1♀). 1♂: same data as holotype but emergence 2-March-2009. 1♀: Data same as male paratype, but emergence 13-March-2009. Female genitalia slide #AK114. Cases (5): same data as holotype. All pinned specimens and slides deposited in the UHIM.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="specimens sequenced">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Specimens sequenced.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Three specimens from Big Island, Hawaii, USA (UH log number DR08K8C), extraction codes DN121, DN1321 and KY2. This species was tentatively called
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Hsp69”">&quot;Hsp69&quot;</normalizedToken>
before given this formal name.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
This species is named
<normalizedToken originalValue="“ipohapuu”">&quot;ipohapuu&quot;</normalizedToken>
, which means &quot;tree-fern lover&quot; in Hawaiian.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="biology">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Biology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Case-making larvae were collected on the abaxial surface of old fronds of a Hawaiian tree fern (
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hāpu‘u">Hapu'u</normalizedToken>
,
<taxonomicName class="Polypodiopsida" family="Cibotiaceae" genus="Cibotium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cibotium glaucum" order="Cyatheales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glaucum">Cibotium glaucum</taxonomicName>
(Sm.) Hook. &amp; Arn.,
<taxonomicName genus="Cibotiaceae" lsidName="Cibotiaceae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="genus">Cibotiaceae</taxonomicName>
) in the rain forest at Volcano Village near Hawaii Volcano National Park, Hawaii (Big) Island. The habit of residing in old tree fern fronds, still attached to the stump, is typical of several purse case species including
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hyposmocoma filicivora" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="filicivora">Hyposmocoma filicivora</taxonomicName>
Meyrick, 1935.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Known only from Volcano Village, Hawaii Island. Probably restricted to the rainforest areas around Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, where it appears to be uncommon. The elevation for the type locality is approximately 1200 m.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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