215 lines
18 KiB
XML
215 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.505.9472" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8b79565e-310e-402f-bf5b-ef1d3ac3d68c" ID-PMC="PMC4453237" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-505-79" ID-PubMed="26052240" ID-ZBK="2F7E0A3E2DFE4EC1B7068867FD210D76" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1313-2970-505-79" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 505" ModsDocTitle="Redescription of Chrysoctonus and description of Chrysoctonoides (Hymenoptera, Mymaridae), a new genus from the Australian Region" checkinTime="1451244302101" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Huber, John T. & Triapitsyn, Serguei" docDate="2015" docId="D981CE5881B44E6DA0D40752DFE8D6D6" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 505: 79-101" docOrigin="ZooKeys 505" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.505.9472" docTitle="Chrysoctonus Mathot" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="83" masterDocId="FFFEFFDBFF9BFFDBD24EFF923F09FFF3" masterDocTitle="Redescription of Chrysoctonus and description of Chrysoctonoides (Hymenoptera, Mymaridae), a new genus from the Australian Region" masterLastPageNumber="101" masterPageNumber="79" pageNumber="80" updateTime="1668160376299" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Redescription of Chrysoctonus and description of Chrysoctonoides (Hymenoptera, Mymaridae), a new genus from the Australian Region</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Huber, John T.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Triapitsyn, Serguei</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>505</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>79</mods:start>
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<mods:end>101</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.505.9472</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.505.9472</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-505-79</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">2F7E0A3E2DFE4EC1B7068867FD210D76</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">2F7E0A3E2DFE4EC1B7068867FD210D76</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152060186" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D981CE5881B44E6DA0D40752DFE8D6D6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D981CE5881B44E6DA0D40752DFE8D6D6" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="83" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="80" type="multiple">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="80">Taxon classification Animalia Hymenoptera Mymaridae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="80" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="80">
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<taxonomicName authority="Mathot" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Chrysoctonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysoctonus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chrysoctonus Mathot</taxonomicName>
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Figs 1-6, 7-12, 13-19, 20-24, 25-27, 28-30, 31, 32, 33-34, 35-40
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="80" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="80">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Chrysoctonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysoctonus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chrysoctonus</taxonomicName>
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Mathot, 1966: 224. Type species:
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Chrysoctonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysoctonus apterus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apterus">Chrysoctonus apterus</taxonomicName>
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Mathot. Type locality: Democratic Republic of the Congo, Yangambi,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="0.76666665">0°46'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="24.45">24°27'E</geoCoordinate>
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, in forest litter.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="80">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Myrmecomymar" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Myrmecomymar" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Myrmecomymar</taxonomicName>
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Yoshimoto, 1990: 28. Type species:
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Myrmecomymar" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Myrmecomymar masneri" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="masneri">Myrmecomymar masneri</taxonomicName>
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Yoshimoto. Type locality: Canada, Ontario, Spencerville. Syn. n.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="83" pageId="1" pageNumber="80" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="80">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="81" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">
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Female. Body length 425-890. Wingless (Figs 7, 9, 33, 36, 37). Head (Figs 1-6, 33, 35, 37) with eye small and ocelli absent; subantennal sulci absent; vertex with many appressed, diverging setae medially surrounded by bare area; occiput separated from vertex by curved suture above foramen. Antenna with 4-8 funicle segments, the basal ones short (Figs 33, 34). Mesosoma (Figs 7-10, 36, 37) with pronotum entire, from about half as long as to longer than the short, strongly transverse mesoscutum; notauli apparently absent; scutellum with frenum not demarcated, about as long as or longer than mesoscutum; metanotum narrow, hidden under scutellum; propodeum flat, reticulate, with denticles medially; propodeal spiracle small, several times its diameter from anterior margin of propodeum. Metasoma (Figs 13-19, 33, 38-40) with petiole tubular, about 1.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as wide, strongly
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<pageBreakToken pageId="2" pageNumber="81" start="start">reticulate</pageBreakToken>
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; gaster with gt1 the largest tergum, with lateral panels covering at least half of gaster, and with a cluster or row of setae anterolaterally; gt2 the next largest tergum; cercal setae long. Gaster without spiracle on gt6.Ovipositor slightly exserted beyond apex of gaster (Figs 18, 19, 38-40).
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
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Figures 1-6.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Chrysoctonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysoctonus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chrysoctonus</taxonomicName>
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sp., female head, specimens from Florida. 1 anterior 2 dorsal 3 lateral 4 posterior 5 ventral 6 mouthparts. Scale bars = 20
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
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Figures 7-12.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Chrysoctonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysoctonus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chrysoctonus</taxonomicName>
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sp., mesosoma (except 12); specimens from Florida. 7 female, dorsal 8 female, anterior (slightly ventral) 9 female, lateral 10 female, ventral 11 male, lateral 12 male gaster (apical two-thirds), lateral. Scale bars = 20
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="81">
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Figures 13-19.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Chrysoctonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysoctonus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chrysoctonus</taxonomicName>
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sp., female metasoma; specimens from Florida. 13 gaster, dorsal 14 gaster lateral 15 gaster, ventral 16 petiole + base of gaster, lateral 17 petiole, dorsal 18 apex of gaster, dorsal 19 apex of gaster, lateral. Scale bars = 20
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="83" pageId="3" pageNumber="82">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="82" start="start">Male</pageBreakToken>
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. Body length 425-760. Fully winged. Head (Figs 20-23) with normal eyes and ocelli. Flagellum 11-segmented (Figs 24, 25), each segment equally wide with parallel sides and several rows of short setae, each much shorter than segment length. Mes
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<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="83" start="start">osoma</pageBreakToken>
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(Figs 11, 28-30) with pronotum short, in dorsal view barely visible; propleura abutting medially along most of their length (Fig. 29); prosternum small, triangular; mesoscutum as long as scutellum, without notauli (Figs 25, 50); scutellum with (Fig. 28) or without campaniform sensilla, and fenestra wide, occupying most of scutellum. Fore wing with venation more than half wing length (Figs 26, 27); microtrichia unevenly distributed on wing surface; hind wing short and narrow. Metasoma (Fig. 31) with gt1 the largest segment. Genitalia (Figs 30, 32) with aedeagal apodeme at least as long as half length of gaster.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="83">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="83">
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Figures 20-24.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Chrysoctonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysoctonus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chrysoctonus</taxonomicName>
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spp., male. 20 head, anterior (USA, Florida) 21 head, dorsal (USA, Georgia) 22 head, posterior (USA, Florida) 23
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Chrysoctonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysoctonus apterus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apterus">Chrysoctonus apterus</taxonomicName>
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, head, anterior (Democratic Republic of the Congo) 24 antenna (USA, Georgia). Scale bars: 20-22 = 50
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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, 24 = 200
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="83">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="83">
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Figures 25-27.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Chrysoctonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysoctonus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chrysoctonus</taxonomicName>
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spp., male. 25
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Chrysoctonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysoctonus apterus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apterus">Chrysoctonus apterus</taxonomicName>
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, antenna (Democratic Republic of the Congo) 26
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Chrysoctonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysoctonus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chrysoctonus</taxonomicName>
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sp. wings (USA, Georgia) 27
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Chrysoctonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysoctonus apterus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apterus">Chrysoctonus apterus</taxonomicName>
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, wings (Democratic Republic of the Congo). Scale bar = 200
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="83">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="83">
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Figures 28-30.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Chrysoctonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysoctonus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chrysoctonus</taxonomicName>
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spp., male. 28
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<normalizedToken originalValue="mesosoma–base">mesosoma-base</normalizedToken>
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of gaster, dorsal (USA, Florida) 29
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<normalizedToken originalValue="metasoma–base">metasoma-base</normalizedToken>
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of gaster, ventral with legs still attached (USA, Florida) 30
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Chrysoctonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysoctonus apterus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apterus">Chrysoctonus apterus</taxonomicName>
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, mesosoma + metasoma (Democratic Republic of the Congo). Scale bars = 100
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="83">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="83">
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Figures 31, 32.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Chrysoctonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysoctonus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chrysoctonus</taxonomicName>
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sp., male from USA, Florida. 31 metasoma, dorsal 32 genitalia, dorsal, as seen through metasoma. Scale bars = 500
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="83">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="83">
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Figures 33-34.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Chrysoctonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysoctonus apterus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apterus">Chrysoctonus apterus</taxonomicName>
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, holotype. 33 lateral habitus + holotype slide 34 head + antennae, lateral. Scale bars = 100
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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(except for type slide).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="83">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="83">
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Figures 35-40.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Chrysoctonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysoctonus apterus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apterus">Chrysoctonus apterus</taxonomicName>
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, female, specimen from Central African Republic. 35 head, dorsal 36 mesosoma, dorsal 37 head + mesosoma, dorsolateral 38 metasoma, dorsal 39 metasoma, lateral 40 apex of gaster, dorsal. Scale bars = 50
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="83">
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The greatest range in number of funicle segments of any genus of
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<taxonomicName family="Mymaridae" lsidName="" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" rank="family">Mymaridae</taxonomicName>
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is found in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Chrysoctonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysoctonus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chrysoctonus</taxonomicName>
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species: one specimen from Panama had 4 segments and two from Costa Rica had 8 segments; the usual number appears to be 5 segments.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="83">
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The only described species in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Myrmecomymar" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Myrmecomymar" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Myrmecomymar</taxonomicName>
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is transferred here to
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Chrysoctonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysoctonus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chrysoctonus</taxonomicName>
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as
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Chrysoctonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysoctonus masneri" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="masneri">Chrysoctonus masneri</taxonomicName>
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(Yoshimoto), comb. n.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="83" type="hosts and habitat">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="83">Hosts and habitat.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="83">
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Hosts are unknown. Specimens from the type locality were collected in August in pan traps placed near the base of trees in a forest normally flooded in spring and early summer (L. Masner, personal communication). Other specimens of the type species and other, undescribed, species were collected in Canada from a sedge pond, hollows and hummocks in a bog, peat bog, old forest,
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Juglandaceae" genus="Carya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Carya" order="Fagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Carya</taxonomicName>
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grove, and spring flood debris. In the USA specimens have been collected from a hardwood forest, beaver swamp, oak forest, and forest hammock. In Central and South America and various Caribbean islands specimens were collected from wet cloud forest litter, forest litter, compost pile, forested creek, montane oak forest, cloud forest, rainforest, palm forest, and thicket forest, from about sea level to 2000m. The habitat types strongly suggest that females parasitize hosts found in moist soil or associated with water. The holotype of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Chrysoctonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysoctonus apterus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apterus">Chrysoctonus apterus</taxonomicName>
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and other African specimens were collected from forest litter.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="83" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="83">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="83">Western Hemisphere and Afrotropical Region. Specimens have been seen from 22 countries in the New World, from southern Canada to northern Argentina and Uruguay, and 4 countries in central Africa.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |