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69 KiB
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401 lines
69 KiB
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<document ID-DOI="10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac083" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f2620f0f-c702-454b-ae46-83f90899b86b" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7797605" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="diego" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="diego" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="diego" IM.tables_approvedBy="diego" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="diego" IM.treatments_approvedBy="diego" approvalRequired="10" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="3" approvalRequired_for_treatments="7" checkinTime="1680597792720" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Grams, Markus, Klinger, Michael & Richter, Stefan" docDate="2023" docId="D96287D14B73321ED45212B1FBB71037" docLanguage="en" docName="zlac083.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 197 (4)" docSource="https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/197/4/965/6795015" docStyle="DocumentStyle:36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8.7:ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-.journal_article" docStyleId="36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Lophogaster typicus M. Sars 1857" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="984" masterDocId="255BFFA94B63320DD06E1361FFBE1340" masterDocTitle="Neither leg nor jaw-nor always the same: a critical revision of the eumalacostracan maxilliped" masterLastPageNumber="1004" masterPageNumber="965" pageNumber="981" updateTime="1681150147238" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Neither leg nor jaw-nor always the same: a critical revision of the eumalacostracan maxilliped</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Grams, Markus</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Klinger, Michael</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Richter, Stefan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2023-04-01</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>197</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>4</mods:number>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>965</mods:start>
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<mods:end>1004</mods:end>
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<mods:url>https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/197/4/965/6795015</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac083</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">f2620f0f-c702-454b-ae46-83f90899b86b</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">0024-4082</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814234" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7814234" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D96287D14B73321ED45212B1FBB71037" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D96287D14B73321ED45212B1FBB71037" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="984" pageId="16" pageNumber="981">
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<subSubSection box="[1084,1351,464,487]" pageId="16" pageNumber="981" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="16.[882,1351,463,488]" box="[1084,1351,464,487]" pageId="16" pageNumber="981">
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<heading box="[1084,1351,464,487]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="981" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="7VQQ5" ID-ENA="419538" authorityName="M. Sars" authorityYear="1857" box="[1084,1351,464,487]" class="Malacostraca" family="Lophogastridae" genus="Lophogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophogastrida" pageId="16" pageNumber="981" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="typicus">
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<emphasis box="[1084,1351,464,487]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="981">LOPHOGASTER TYPICUS</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="984" pageId="16" pageNumber="981" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="16.[809,1425,504,679]" pageId="16" pageNumber="981">
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The first pair of thoracopods (Thp1) is highly modified compared with the posterior pairs (Thp2–8) of pediform thoracopods. Owing to this strong morphological difference, the following descriptions relate only to Thp1, based on a detailed examination of the right Thp1 of
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<specimenCount box="[902,1030,657,679]" pageId="16" pageNumber="981" type="adult">three adult</specimenCount>
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males of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="M. Sars" authorityYear="1857" box="[1138,1248,658,679]" class="Malacostraca" family="Lophogastridae" genus="Lophogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophogastrida" pageId="16" pageNumber="981" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="typicus">
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<emphasis box="[1138,1248,658,679]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="981">L. typicus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="16.[809,1313,735,791]" pageId="16" pageNumber="981">
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<emphasis box="[809,1313,735,759]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="981">
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Cuticle and skeletal structures of Thp
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="M. Sars" authorityYear="1857" box="[809,930,767,791]" class="Malacostraca" family="Lophogastridae" genus="Lophogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophogastrida" pageId="16" pageNumber="981" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="typicus">L. typicus</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="16.[809,1426,808,1903]" pageId="16" pageNumber="981">
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The more or less rectangular protopod (more than twice as wide as long) of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="M. Sars" authorityYear="1857" box="[1025,1135,839,860]" class="Malacostraca" family="Lophogastridae" genus="Lophogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophogastrida" pageId="16" pageNumber="981" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="typicus">
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<emphasis box="[1025,1135,839,860]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="981">L. typicus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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consists of the coxa (twothirds) and basis (one-third of the total length of the protopod). The thorax connects and articulates with the coxa by a cuticular half-ring, leaving the lateral area membranous (Th in
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<figureCitation box="[1102,1230,961,983]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="20.[145,225,1545,1567]" captionTargetBox="[273,1297,195,1515]" captionTargetId="figure-27@20.[273,1297,195,1515]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 10. Cuticle of macerated thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) of Lophogaster typicus (male); micro-computed tomography volume rendering; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1. A, posterior view; epipod damaged; dashed line indicates the concealed distal margin of the carpus; dotted line indicates the outline of the concealed propodus; black arrows show the posterior thorax invagination; white arrows show the posterior coxa invagination. B, C, podomeres distal to the ischium blanked out. B, dorsal view of protopod; partly dashed curved arrows emphasize the posterior invagination of the thorax; white line outlines the proximal/dorsal margin of the thoracomere; dashed line indicates the concealed posterior distal/ ventral margin of the thoracomere; left half of thoracomere/sternum blanked out.C, dorsalview ofbasis–ischium articulation; dashed line emphasizes the proximal margin of the basis; thorax and coxa blanked out. Abbreviations: ant, anterior; ax, articulation axis between […]; Ba, basis; Ca, carpus; Co, coxa; Da, dactylus; dis, distal; Ep, epipod; Ex, exopod; Is, ischium; *l, lateral articulation point; lat, lateral; *m, medial articulation point; Me, merus; med, medial; Pr, propodus; Th, thorax." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797631" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797631/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="981">Fig. 10A, B</figureCitation>
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). Posteriorly, the cuticle of the thorax is invaginated as a lateromedial fold, forming a short roof-like apodeme (black arrows in
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<figureCitation box="[809,903,1053,1075]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="20.[145,225,1545,1567]" captionTargetBox="[273,1297,195,1515]" captionTargetId="figure-27@20.[273,1297,195,1515]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 10. Cuticle of macerated thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) of Lophogaster typicus (male); micro-computed tomography volume rendering; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1. A, posterior view; epipod damaged; dashed line indicates the concealed distal margin of the carpus; dotted line indicates the outline of the concealed propodus; black arrows show the posterior thorax invagination; white arrows show the posterior coxa invagination. B, C, podomeres distal to the ischium blanked out. B, dorsal view of protopod; partly dashed curved arrows emphasize the posterior invagination of the thorax; white line outlines the proximal/dorsal margin of the thoracomere; dashed line indicates the concealed posterior distal/ ventral margin of the thoracomere; left half of thoracomere/sternum blanked out.C, dorsalview ofbasis–ischium articulation; dashed line emphasizes the proximal margin of the basis; thorax and coxa blanked out. Abbreviations: ant, anterior; ax, articulation axis between […]; Ba, basis; Ca, carpus; Co, coxa; Da, dactylus; dis, distal; Ep, epipod; Ex, exopod; Is, ischium; *l, lateral articulation point; lat, lateral; *m, medial articulation point; Me, merus; med, medial; Pr, propodus; Th, thorax." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797631" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797631/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="981">Fig. 10A</figureCitation>
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; partly dashed curved arrows and dashed line in
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<figureCitation box="[838,931,1084,1106]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="20.[145,225,1545,1567]" captionTargetBox="[273,1297,195,1515]" captionTargetId="figure-27@20.[273,1297,195,1515]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 10. Cuticle of macerated thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) of Lophogaster typicus (male); micro-computed tomography volume rendering; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1. A, posterior view; epipod damaged; dashed line indicates the concealed distal margin of the carpus; dotted line indicates the outline of the concealed propodus; black arrows show the posterior thorax invagination; white arrows show the posterior coxa invagination. B, C, podomeres distal to the ischium blanked out. B, dorsal view of protopod; partly dashed curved arrows emphasize the posterior invagination of the thorax; white line outlines the proximal/dorsal margin of the thoracomere; dashed line indicates the concealed posterior distal/ ventral margin of the thoracomere; left half of thoracomere/sternum blanked out.C, dorsalview ofbasis–ischium articulation; dashed line emphasizes the proximal margin of the basis; thorax and coxa blanked out. Abbreviations: ant, anterior; ax, articulation axis between […]; Ba, basis; Ca, carpus; Co, coxa; Da, dactylus; dis, distal; Ep, epipod; Ex, exopod; Is, ischium; *l, lateral articulation point; lat, lateral; *m, medial articulation point; Me, merus; med, medial; Pr, propodus; Th, thorax." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797631" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797631/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="981">Fig. 10B</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="16.[809,1426,808,1903]" pageId="16" pageNumber="981">
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The coxa does not form a complete ring but has the medial to anteromedial area membranous (Co in
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<figureCitation box="[809,908,1176,1198]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="20.[145,225,1545,1567]" captionTargetBox="[273,1297,195,1515]" captionTargetId="figure-27@20.[273,1297,195,1515]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 10. Cuticle of macerated thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) of Lophogaster typicus (male); micro-computed tomography volume rendering; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1. A, posterior view; epipod damaged; dashed line indicates the concealed distal margin of the carpus; dotted line indicates the outline of the concealed propodus; black arrows show the posterior thorax invagination; white arrows show the posterior coxa invagination. B, C, podomeres distal to the ischium blanked out. B, dorsal view of protopod; partly dashed curved arrows emphasize the posterior invagination of the thorax; white line outlines the proximal/dorsal margin of the thoracomere; dashed line indicates the concealed posterior distal/ ventral margin of the thoracomere; left half of thoracomere/sternum blanked out.C, dorsalview ofbasis–ischium articulation; dashed line emphasizes the proximal margin of the basis; thorax and coxa blanked out. Abbreviations: ant, anterior; ax, articulation axis between […]; Ba, basis; Ca, carpus; Co, coxa; Da, dactylus; dis, distal; Ep, epipod; Ex, exopod; Is, ischium; *l, lateral articulation point; lat, lateral; *m, medial articulation point; Me, merus; med, medial; Pr, propodus; Th, thorax." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797631" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797631/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="981">Fig. 10A</figureCitation>
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). A bicondylar articulation with the thorax is formed by an anterolateral and posteromedial articulation point, respectively (*l, *m and ax Th-Co in
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<figureCitation box="[809,904,1268,1290]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="20.[145,225,1545,1567]" captionTargetBox="[273,1297,195,1515]" captionTargetId="figure-27@20.[273,1297,195,1515]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 10. Cuticle of macerated thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) of Lophogaster typicus (male); micro-computed tomography volume rendering; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1. A, posterior view; epipod damaged; dashed line indicates the concealed distal margin of the carpus; dotted line indicates the outline of the concealed propodus; black arrows show the posterior thorax invagination; white arrows show the posterior coxa invagination. B, C, podomeres distal to the ischium blanked out. B, dorsal view of protopod; partly dashed curved arrows emphasize the posterior invagination of the thorax; white line outlines the proximal/dorsal margin of the thoracomere; dashed line indicates the concealed posterior distal/ ventral margin of the thoracomere; left half of thoracomere/sternum blanked out.C, dorsalview ofbasis–ischium articulation; dashed line emphasizes the proximal margin of the basis; thorax and coxa blanked out. Abbreviations: ant, anterior; ax, articulation axis between […]; Ba, basis; Ca, carpus; Co, coxa; Da, dactylus; dis, distal; Ep, epipod; Ex, exopod; Is, ischium; *l, lateral articulation point; lat, lateral; *m, medial articulation point; Me, merus; med, medial; Pr, propodus; Th, thorax." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797631" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797631/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="981">Fig. 10A</figureCitation>
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). Posteriorly, the coxa forms an invagination, which appears as a linear lateromedial furrow (white arrows in
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<figureCitation box="[934,1035,1329,1351]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="20.[145,225,1545,1567]" captionTargetBox="[273,1297,195,1515]" captionTargetId="figure-27@20.[273,1297,195,1515]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 10. Cuticle of macerated thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) of Lophogaster typicus (male); micro-computed tomography volume rendering; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1. A, posterior view; epipod damaged; dashed line indicates the concealed distal margin of the carpus; dotted line indicates the outline of the concealed propodus; black arrows show the posterior thorax invagination; white arrows show the posterior coxa invagination. B, C, podomeres distal to the ischium blanked out. B, dorsal view of protopod; partly dashed curved arrows emphasize the posterior invagination of the thorax; white line outlines the proximal/dorsal margin of the thoracomere; dashed line indicates the concealed posterior distal/ ventral margin of the thoracomere; left half of thoracomere/sternum blanked out.C, dorsalview ofbasis–ischium articulation; dashed line emphasizes the proximal margin of the basis; thorax and coxa blanked out. Abbreviations: ant, anterior; ax, articulation axis between […]; Ba, basis; Ca, carpus; Co, coxa; Da, dactylus; dis, distal; Ep, epipod; Ex, exopod; Is, ischium; *l, lateral articulation point; lat, lateral; *m, medial articulation point; Me, merus; med, medial; Pr, propodus; Th, thorax." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797631" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797631/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="981">Fig. 10A</figureCitation>
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) that ends posterolaterally in a roundish depression. Distally, the podomere articulates anterolaterally and posteromedially with the basis (*l, *m and ax Co-Ba in
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<figureCitation box="[1040,1135,1421,1443]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="20.[145,225,1545,1567]" captionTargetBox="[273,1297,195,1515]" captionTargetId="figure-27@20.[273,1297,195,1515]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 10. Cuticle of macerated thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) of Lophogaster typicus (male); micro-computed tomography volume rendering; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1. A, posterior view; epipod damaged; dashed line indicates the concealed distal margin of the carpus; dotted line indicates the outline of the concealed propodus; black arrows show the posterior thorax invagination; white arrows show the posterior coxa invagination. B, C, podomeres distal to the ischium blanked out. B, dorsal view of protopod; partly dashed curved arrows emphasize the posterior invagination of the thorax; white line outlines the proximal/dorsal margin of the thoracomere; dashed line indicates the concealed posterior distal/ ventral margin of the thoracomere; left half of thoracomere/sternum blanked out.C, dorsalview ofbasis–ischium articulation; dashed line emphasizes the proximal margin of the basis; thorax and coxa blanked out. Abbreviations: ant, anterior; ax, articulation axis between […]; Ba, basis; Ca, carpus; Co, coxa; Da, dactylus; dis, distal; Ep, epipod; Ex, exopod; Is, ischium; *l, lateral articulation point; lat, lateral; *m, medial articulation point; Me, merus; med, medial; Pr, propodus; Th, thorax." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797631" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797631/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="981">Fig. 10B</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="16.[809,1426,808,1903]" pageId="16" pageNumber="981">
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Laterally, a huge lamellar epipod (Ep in
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="20.[145,225,1545,1567]" captionTargetBox="[273,1297,195,1515]" captionTargetId="figure-27@20.[273,1297,195,1515]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 10. Cuticle of macerated thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) of Lophogaster typicus (male); micro-computed tomography volume rendering; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1. A, posterior view; epipod damaged; dashed line indicates the concealed distal margin of the carpus; dotted line indicates the outline of the concealed propodus; black arrows show the posterior thorax invagination; white arrows show the posterior coxa invagination. B, C, podomeres distal to the ischium blanked out. B, dorsal view of protopod; partly dashed curved arrows emphasize the posterior invagination of the thorax; white line outlines the proximal/dorsal margin of the thoracomere; dashed line indicates the concealed posterior distal/ ventral margin of the thoracomere; left half of thoracomere/sternum blanked out.C, dorsalview ofbasis–ischium articulation; dashed line emphasizes the proximal margin of the basis; thorax and coxa blanked out. Abbreviations: ant, anterior; ax, articulation axis between […]; Ba, basis; Ca, carpus; Co, coxa; Da, dactylus; dis, distal; Ep, epipod; Ex, exopod; Is, ischium; *l, lateral articulation point; lat, lateral; *m, medial articulation point; Me, merus; med, medial; Pr, propodus; Th, thorax." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797631" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797631/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="981">Fig. 10A</figureCitation>
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) is attached to the coxa. It is broadly flattened anteroposteriorly and long, reaching at least double the length of the exopod (see below, this section). The epipod articulates with the coxa via two sclerites: anteriorly, a rod-shaped sclerite (S
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<figureCitation box="[1282,1416,1605,1627]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="21.[163,242,1497,1519]" captionTargetBox="[387,1219,195,1467]" captionTargetId="figure-128@21.[387,1219,195,1467]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 11. Muscles in protopod and exopod of thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) of Lophogaster typicus (male); micro-computed tomography volume rendering. A, C, white lines emphasize the margin of the thorax and the outlines of the basis and the epipodal sclerites.A, anterior view. B, macerated sample; anterior view of coxa–epipod articulation; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1. C, posterior view; dashed line indicates continuation of the thoracic margin in the background. Abbreviations: Ba, basis; Co, coxa; dis, distal; Ep, epipod; Ex, exopod; lat, lateral; S1, dorsal sclerite of epipod; S2, ventral sclerite of epipod; Th, thorax. Numbered muscle labels are as in Table 4." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797633" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797633/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="981">Fig. 11A, B</figureCitation>
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) forms a dorsal articulation point, while a second ventral sclerite (S
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|
||
<figureCitation box="[1094,1233,1666,1688]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="21.[163,242,1497,1519]" captionTargetBox="[387,1219,195,1467]" captionTargetId="figure-128@21.[387,1219,195,1467]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 11. Muscles in protopod and exopod of thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) of Lophogaster typicus (male); micro-computed tomography volume rendering. A, C, white lines emphasize the margin of the thorax and the outlines of the basis and the epipodal sclerites.A, anterior view. B, macerated sample; anterior view of coxa–epipod articulation; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1. C, posterior view; dashed line indicates continuation of the thoracic margin in the background. Abbreviations: Ba, basis; Co, coxa; dis, distal; Ep, epipod; Ex, exopod; lat, lateral; S1, dorsal sclerite of epipod; S2, ventral sclerite of epipod; Th, thorax. Numbered muscle labels are as in Table 4." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797633" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797633/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="981">Fig. 11A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
) interlocks the epipod anteriorly on the coxa. The area between both sclerites is membranous. More distally on the epipod, several sclerites form the ‘frame’ of its lamellar distal portion (Ep in
|
||
<figureCitation box="[975,1075,1789,1811]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="20.[145,225,1545,1567]" captionTargetBox="[273,1297,195,1515]" captionTargetId="figure-27@20.[273,1297,195,1515]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 10. Cuticle of macerated thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) of Lophogaster typicus (male); micro-computed tomography volume rendering; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1. A, posterior view; epipod damaged; dashed line indicates the concealed distal margin of the carpus; dotted line indicates the outline of the concealed propodus; black arrows show the posterior thorax invagination; white arrows show the posterior coxa invagination. B, C, podomeres distal to the ischium blanked out. B, dorsal view of protopod; partly dashed curved arrows emphasize the posterior invagination of the thorax; white line outlines the proximal/dorsal margin of the thoracomere; dashed line indicates the concealed posterior distal/ ventral margin of the thoracomere; left half of thoracomere/sternum blanked out.C, dorsalview ofbasis–ischium articulation; dashed line emphasizes the proximal margin of the basis; thorax and coxa blanked out. Abbreviations: ant, anterior; ax, articulation axis between […]; Ba, basis; Ca, carpus; Co, coxa; Da, dactylus; dis, distal; Ep, epipod; Ex, exopod; Is, ischium; *l, lateral articulation point; lat, lateral; *m, medial articulation point; Me, merus; med, medial; Pr, propodus; Th, thorax." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797631" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797631/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="981">Figs 10A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1088,1133,1789,1810]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="21.[163,242,1497,1519]" captionTargetBox="[387,1219,195,1467]" captionTargetId="figure-128@21.[387,1219,195,1467]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 11. Muscles in protopod and exopod of thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) of Lophogaster typicus (male); micro-computed tomography volume rendering. A, C, white lines emphasize the margin of the thorax and the outlines of the basis and the epipodal sclerites.A, anterior view. B, macerated sample; anterior view of coxa–epipod articulation; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1. C, posterior view; dashed line indicates continuation of the thoracic margin in the background. Abbreviations: Ba, basis; Co, coxa; dis, distal; Ep, epipod; Ex, exopod; lat, lateral; S1, dorsal sclerite of epipod; S2, ventral sclerite of epipod; Th, thorax. Numbered muscle labels are as in Table 4." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797633" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797633/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="981">11B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="16.[809,1426,808,1903]" lastBlockId="17.[827,1444,1725,1901]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="982" pageId="16" pageNumber="981">
|
||
The basis, from a dorsal perspective, appears roughly drop-shaped, with the medial side being the spherical part, narrowing towards the lateral side (Ba in
|
||
<figureCitation box="[194,293,1725,1747]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="20.[145,225,1545,1567]" captionTargetBox="[273,1297,195,1515]" captionTargetId="figure-27@20.[273,1297,195,1515]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 10. Cuticle of macerated thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) of Lophogaster typicus (male); micro-computed tomography volume rendering; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1. A, posterior view; epipod damaged; dashed line indicates the concealed distal margin of the carpus; dotted line indicates the outline of the concealed propodus; black arrows show the posterior thorax invagination; white arrows show the posterior coxa invagination. B, C, podomeres distal to the ischium blanked out. B, dorsal view of protopod; partly dashed curved arrows emphasize the posterior invagination of the thorax; white line outlines the proximal/dorsal margin of the thoracomere; dashed line indicates the concealed posterior distal/ ventral margin of the thoracomere; left half of thoracomere/sternum blanked out.C, dorsalview ofbasis–ischium articulation; dashed line emphasizes the proximal margin of the basis; thorax and coxa blanked out. Abbreviations: ant, anterior; ax, articulation axis between […]; Ba, basis; Ca, carpus; Co, coxa; Da, dactylus; dis, distal; Ep, epipod; Ex, exopod; Is, ischium; *l, lateral articulation point; lat, lateral; *m, medial articulation point; Me, merus; med, medial; Pr, propodus; Th, thorax." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797631" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797631/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="982">Fig. 10C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Here, the proximal margin of the basis widens again into a V-shape, ending in two fingers, of which the posterior one serves as attachment site for three muscles (TB1, CB2 and CB3;
|
||
<figureCitation box="[615,712,1817,1839]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="21.[163,242,1497,1519]" captionTargetBox="[387,1219,195,1467]" captionTargetId="figure-128@21.[387,1219,195,1467]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 11. Muscles in protopod and exopod of thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) of Lophogaster typicus (male); micro-computed tomography volume rendering. A, C, white lines emphasize the margin of the thorax and the outlines of the basis and the epipodal sclerites.A, anterior view. B, macerated sample; anterior view of coxa–epipod articulation; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1. C, posterior view; dashed line indicates continuation of the thoracic margin in the background. Abbreviations: Ba, basis; Co, coxa; dis, distal; Ep, epipod; Ex, exopod; lat, lateral; S1, dorsal sclerite of epipod; S2, ventral sclerite of epipod; Th, thorax. Numbered muscle labels are as in Table 4." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797633" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797633/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="982">Fig. 11C</figureCitation>
|
||
). The lateral wall appears membranous (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[580,711,1848,1870]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="20.[145,225,1545,1567]" captionTargetBox="[273,1297,195,1515]" captionTargetId="figure-27@20.[273,1297,195,1515]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 10. Cuticle of macerated thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) of Lophogaster typicus (male); micro-computed tomography volume rendering; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1. A, posterior view; epipod damaged; dashed line indicates the concealed distal margin of the carpus; dotted line indicates the outline of the concealed propodus; black arrows show the posterior thorax invagination; white arrows show the posterior coxa invagination. B, C, podomeres distal to the ischium blanked out. B, dorsal view of protopod; partly dashed curved arrows emphasize the posterior invagination of the thorax; white line outlines the proximal/dorsal margin of the thoracomere; dashed line indicates the concealed posterior distal/ ventral margin of the thoracomere; left half of thoracomere/sternum blanked out.C, dorsalview ofbasis–ischium articulation; dashed line emphasizes the proximal margin of the basis; thorax and coxa blanked out. Abbreviations: ant, anterior; ax, articulation axis between […]; Ba, basis; Ca, carpus; Co, coxa; Da, dactylus; dis, distal; Ep, epipod; Ex, exopod; Is, ischium; *l, lateral articulation point; lat, lateral; *m, medial articulation point; Me, merus; med, medial; Pr, propodus; Th, thorax." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797631" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797631/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="982">Fig. 10B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
). The distal opening of the basis into the endopod is found in the medial third of the podomere (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1260,1358,1725,1747]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="20.[145,225,1545,1567]" captionTargetBox="[273,1297,195,1515]" captionTargetId="figure-27@20.[273,1297,195,1515]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 10. Cuticle of macerated thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) of Lophogaster typicus (male); micro-computed tomography volume rendering; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1. A, posterior view; epipod damaged; dashed line indicates the concealed distal margin of the carpus; dotted line indicates the outline of the concealed propodus; black arrows show the posterior thorax invagination; white arrows show the posterior coxa invagination. B, C, podomeres distal to the ischium blanked out. B, dorsal view of protopod; partly dashed curved arrows emphasize the posterior invagination of the thorax; white line outlines the proximal/dorsal margin of the thoracomere; dashed line indicates the concealed posterior distal/ ventral margin of the thoracomere; left half of thoracomere/sternum blanked out.C, dorsalview ofbasis–ischium articulation; dashed line emphasizes the proximal margin of the basis; thorax and coxa blanked out. Abbreviations: ant, anterior; ax, articulation axis between […]; Ba, basis; Ca, carpus; Co, coxa; Da, dactylus; dis, distal; Ep, epipod; Ex, exopod; Is, ischium; *l, lateral articulation point; lat, lateral; *m, medial articulation point; Me, merus; med, medial; Pr, propodus; Th, thorax." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797631" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797631/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="982">Fig. 10C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Here, a bicondylar articulation with the endopod (i.e. the ischium) is formed by an anteromedial and a posterior articulation point, respectively (ax Ba-Is in
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1332,1428,1817,1839]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="20.[145,225,1545,1567]" captionTargetBox="[273,1297,195,1515]" captionTargetId="figure-27@20.[273,1297,195,1515]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 10. Cuticle of macerated thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) of Lophogaster typicus (male); micro-computed tomography volume rendering; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1. A, posterior view; epipod damaged; dashed line indicates the concealed distal margin of the carpus; dotted line indicates the outline of the concealed propodus; black arrows show the posterior thorax invagination; white arrows show the posterior coxa invagination. B, C, podomeres distal to the ischium blanked out. B, dorsal view of protopod; partly dashed curved arrows emphasize the posterior invagination of the thorax; white line outlines the proximal/dorsal margin of the thoracomere; dashed line indicates the concealed posterior distal/ ventral margin of the thoracomere; left half of thoracomere/sternum blanked out.C, dorsalview ofbasis–ischium articulation; dashed line emphasizes the proximal margin of the basis; thorax and coxa blanked out. Abbreviations: ant, anterior; ax, articulation axis between […]; Ba, basis; Ca, carpus; Co, coxa; Da, dactylus; dis, distal; Ep, epipod; Ex, exopod; Is, ischium; *l, lateral articulation point; lat, lateral; *m, medial articulation point; Me, merus; med, medial; Pr, propodus; Th, thorax." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797631" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797631/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="982">Fig. 10C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797627" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7797627" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797627/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="982" startId="17.[162,242,1472,1494]" targetBox="[323,1283,195,1442]" targetPageId="17">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="17.[162,1444,1472,1670]" pageId="17" pageNumber="982">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[162,270,1472,1494]" pageId="17" pageNumber="982">Figure 9.</emphasis>
|
||
Muscles in thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) of
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="M. Sars" baseAuthorityYear="1857" box="[727,1024,1472,1494]" class="Malacostraca" family="Euphausiidae" genus="Meganyctiphanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euphausiacea" pageId="17" pageNumber="982" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="norvegica">
|
||
<emphasis box="[727,1024,1472,1494]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="982">Meganyctiphanes norƲegica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(female); micro-computed tomography volume rendering. A, anterior view; some muscles blanked out. B, posterior view; all muscles visualized. C, detailed posterior view of protopod; some muscles blanked out. D, detailed posterior view of protopod, with different muscles blanked out; coxal endoskeleton indicated by dashed outline; red circle emphasizes anterior muscle CIn2. E, posterior view of endopod, with carpus magnified in upper right box, showing split distal attachments of muscles CP1 (blue lines) and CP2 (yellow lines); distal parts (or tendons) of muscles PD1 (purple) and PD2 (green) emphasized by dotted lines. Abbreviations: dis, distal; lat, lateral; med, medial. Numbered muscle labels are as in Table 3.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="17.[827,1444,1725,1901]" lastBlockId="19.[163,780,804,1899]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="984" pageId="17" pageNumber="982">
|
||
A lamellar exopod attaches at the lateral membrane of the basis via a short proximal stem (Ex in
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1291,1382,1879,1901]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="20.[145,225,1545,1567]" captionTargetBox="[273,1297,195,1515]" captionTargetId="figure-27@20.[273,1297,195,1515]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 10. Cuticle of macerated thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) of Lophogaster typicus (male); micro-computed tomography volume rendering; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1. A, posterior view; epipod damaged; dashed line indicates the concealed distal margin of the carpus; dotted line indicates the outline of the concealed propodus; black arrows show the posterior thorax invagination; white arrows show the posterior coxa invagination. B, C, podomeres distal to the ischium blanked out. B, dorsal view of protopod; partly dashed curved arrows emphasize the posterior invagination of the thorax; white line outlines the proximal/dorsal margin of the thoracomere; dashed line indicates the concealed posterior distal/ ventral margin of the thoracomere; left half of thoracomere/sternum blanked out.C, dorsalview ofbasis–ischium articulation; dashed line emphasizes the proximal margin of the basis; thorax and coxa blanked out. Abbreviations: ant, anterior; ax, articulation axis between […]; Ba, basis; Ca, carpus; Co, coxa; Da, dactylus; dis, distal; Ep, epipod; Ex, exopod; Is, ischium; *l, lateral articulation point; lat, lateral; *m, medial articulation point; Me, merus; med, medial; Pr, propodus; Th, thorax." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797631" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797631/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="982">Fig. 10A</figureCitation>
|
||
) that articulates with the anteromedial finger-like extension of the basis via a hook-like structure (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[545,635,834,856]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="20.[145,225,1545,1567]" captionTargetBox="[273,1297,195,1515]" captionTargetId="figure-27@20.[273,1297,195,1515]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 10. Cuticle of macerated thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) of Lophogaster typicus (male); micro-computed tomography volume rendering; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1. A, posterior view; epipod damaged; dashed line indicates the concealed distal margin of the carpus; dotted line indicates the outline of the concealed propodus; black arrows show the posterior thorax invagination; white arrows show the posterior coxa invagination. B, C, podomeres distal to the ischium blanked out. B, dorsal view of protopod; partly dashed curved arrows emphasize the posterior invagination of the thorax; white line outlines the proximal/dorsal margin of the thoracomere; dashed line indicates the concealed posterior distal/ ventral margin of the thoracomere; left half of thoracomere/sternum blanked out.C, dorsalview ofbasis–ischium articulation; dashed line emphasizes the proximal margin of the basis; thorax and coxa blanked out. Abbreviations: ant, anterior; ax, articulation axis between […]; Ba, basis; Ca, carpus; Co, coxa; Da, dactylus; dis, distal; Ep, epipod; Ex, exopod; Is, ischium; *l, lateral articulation point; lat, lateral; *m, medial articulation point; Me, merus; med, medial; Pr, propodus; Th, thorax." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797631" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797631/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="984">Fig. 10C</figureCitation>
|
||
). The stem is followed by a much longer distal portion (almost as long as the endopod), which is shaped as an anteroposteriorly flattened blade with a setose distal tip.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption box="[145,1290,196,218]" pageId="18" pageNumber="983" startId="18.[145,209,196,217]" targetBox="[145,1405,254,1874]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="18">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="18.[145,1290,196,218]" box="[145,1290,196,218]" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[145,235,196,217]" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">Table 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) in
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="M. Sars" baseAuthorityYear="1857" box="[911,1199,196,218]" class="Malacostraca" family="Euphausiidae" genus="Meganyctiphanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euphausiacea" pageId="18" pageNumber="983" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="norvegica">
|
||
<emphasis box="[911,1199,196,218]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">Meganyctiphanes norƲegica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(female)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="983">
|
||
<table box="[145,1405,254,1874]" colsContinueFrom="13.[163,1435,244,702]" colsContinueIn="19.[163,1415,252,679]" gridcols="4" gridrows="27" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">
|
||
<tr box="[145,1405,254,305]" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">
|
||
<th box="[145,291,254,305]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">Muscle</th>
|
||
<th box="[349,393,254,305]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">Size</th>
|
||
<th box="[461,978,254,305]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">Location of proximal attachment site (origin)</th>
|
||
<th box="[1002,1405,254,305]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">Location of distal attachment site (insertion)</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[145,1405,338,390]" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">
|
||
<th box="[145,291,338,390]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">TC1 (Fig. 9D)</th>
|
||
<td box="[349,393,338,390]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">///</td>
|
||
<td box="[461,978,338,390]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">Posteromedial on roof-like apodeme of thorax</td>
|
||
<td box="[1002,1405,338,390]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">Medial on dorsal extension of posterolateral invagination of coxa</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[145,1405,398,449]" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">
|
||
<th box="[145,291,398,449]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">TC2 (Fig. 9A, C)</th>
|
||
<td box="[349,393,398,449]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">//</td>
|
||
<td box="[461,978,398,449]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">Posterolateral on wall of thoracomere</td>
|
||
<td box="[1002,1405,398,449]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">Posteromedial on coxal endite</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[145,1405,457,508]" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">
|
||
<th box="[145,291,457,508]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">TC3 (Fig. 9A)</th>
|
||
<td box="[349,393,457,508]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">//</td>
|
||
<td box="[461,978,457,508]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">Anterolateral on body wall of thoracomere</td>
|
||
<td box="[1002,1405,457,508]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">Proximally anteromedial in endite</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[145,1405,517,568]" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">
|
||
<th box="[145,291,517,568]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">TC4 (Fig. 9C)</th>
|
||
<td box="[349,393,517,568]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">///</td>
|
||
<td box="[461,978,517,568]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">Posterolateral on body wall of thoracomere; close to proximal margin of coxa</td>
|
||
<td box="[1002,1405,517,568]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">Posterolateral on dorsal extension of posterolateral invagination of coxa</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[145,1405,576,627]" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">
|
||
<th box="[145,291,576,627]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">TC5 (Fig. 9A)</th>
|
||
<td box="[349,393,576,627]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">///</td>
|
||
<td box="[461,978,576,627]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">Anterolateral on body wall of thoracomere</td>
|
||
<td box="[1002,1405,576,627]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">Anterolateral on coxa</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[145,1405,635,687]" gridrow="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">
|
||
<th box="[145,291,635,687]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">TC6 (Fig. 9A, C)</th>
|
||
<td box="[349,393,635,687]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">//</td>
|
||
<td box="[461,978,635,687]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">Anterior on body wall of thoracomere; close to the proximal margin of coxa</td>
|
||
<td box="[1002,1405,635,687]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">On dorsal extension of posterolateral invagination of coxa</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[145,1405,695,746]" gridrow="7" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">
|
||
<th box="[145,291,695,746]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">TC7 (Fig. 9D)</th>
|
||
<td box="[349,393,695,746]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">//</td>
|
||
<td box="[461,978,695,746]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">Posterolateral on wall of thoracomere</td>
|
||
<td box="[1002,1405,695,746]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">Posterolateral on posterolateral inva- gination of coxa</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[145,1405,754,805]" gridrow="8" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">
|
||
<th box="[145,291,754,805]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">TIn1 (Fig. 9C, D)</th>
|
||
<td box="[349,393,754,805]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">///</td>
|
||
<td box="[461,978,754,805]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">Posterolateral on roof-like apodeme of thorax; close to TIn4</td>
|
||
<td box="[1002,1405,754,805]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">Lateral on intrabasis</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[145,1405,813,865]" gridrow="9" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">
|
||
<th box="[145,291,813,865]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">TIn2 (Fig. 9D)</th>
|
||
<td box="[349,393,813,865]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">///</td>
|
||
<td box="[461,978,813,865]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">Posterior on roof-like apodeme of thorax</td>
|
||
<td box="[1002,1405,813,865]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">Anterior on intrabasis</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[145,1405,873,924]" gridrow="10" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">
|
||
<th box="[145,291,873,924]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">TIn3 (Fig. 9D)</th>
|
||
<td box="[349,393,873,924]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">///</td>
|
||
<td box="[461,978,873,924]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">Posterior on roof-like apodeme of thorax; close to TIn4</td>
|
||
<td box="[1002,1405,873,924]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">Anterior on intrabasis</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[145,1405,932,983]" gridrow="11" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">
|
||
<th box="[145,291,932,983]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">TIn4 (Fig. 9A)</th>
|
||
<td box="[349,393,932,983]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">//</td>
|
||
<td box="[461,978,932,983]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">Posterolateral on roof-like apodeme of thorax</td>
|
||
<td box="[1002,1405,932,983]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">Anterolateral on intrabasis</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[145,1405,991,1043]" gridrow="12" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">
|
||
<th box="[145,291,991,1043]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">CIn1 (Fig. 9D)</th>
|
||
<td box="[349,393,991,1043]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">//</td>
|
||
<td box="[461,978,991,1043]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">Posterolateral on posterolateral invagination of coxa</td>
|
||
<td box="[1002,1405,991,1043]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">Posterolateral on intrabasis</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[145,1405,1051,1102]" gridrow="13" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">
|
||
<th box="[145,291,1051,1102]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">CIn2 (Fig. 9A, D)</th>
|
||
<td box="[349,393,1051,1102]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">/</td>
|
||
<td box="[461,978,1051,1102]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">On anteriorly directed distal extension of posterolateral invagination of coxa</td>
|
||
<td box="[1002,1405,1051,1102]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">Anterior in bulb of intrabasis</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[145,1405,1110,1161]" gridrow="14" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">
|
||
<th box="[145,291,1110,1161]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">InB1 (Fig. 9A, C)</th>
|
||
<td box="[349,393,1110,1161]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">//</td>
|
||
<td box="[461,978,1110,1161]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">Anterolateral on intrabasis</td>
|
||
<td box="[1002,1405,1110,1161]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">Posterolateral on proximal margin of basis</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[145,1405,1170,1221]" gridrow="15" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">
|
||
<th box="[145,291,1170,1221]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">InB2 (Fig. 9A, D)</th>
|
||
<td box="[349,393,1170,1221]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">//</td>
|
||
<td box="[461,978,1170,1221]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">Anterior on proximal margin of intrabasis</td>
|
||
<td box="[1002,1405,1170,1221]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">Posterior on proximal margin of basis</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[145,1405,1229,1280]" gridrow="16" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">
|
||
<th box="[145,291,1229,1280]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">BEx1a (Fig. 9A, C, D)</th>
|
||
<td box="[349,393,1229,1280]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">///</td>
|
||
<td box="[461,978,1229,1280]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">Posteromedial on wall of basis</td>
|
||
<td box="[1002,1405,1229,1280]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">Posteroventral on proximal margin of exopod; close to BEx1b</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[145,1405,1288,1340]" gridrow="17" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">
|
||
<th box="[145,291,1288,1340]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">BEx1b (Fig. 9A)</th>
|
||
<td box="[349,393,1288,1340]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">//</td>
|
||
<td box="[461,978,1288,1340]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">Anteromedial on wall of basis</td>
|
||
<td box="[1002,1405,1288,1340]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">Anteroventral on proximal margin of exopod; close to BEx1a</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[145,1405,1348,1399]" gridrow="18" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">
|
||
<th box="[145,291,1348,1399]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">BEx2 (Fig. 9A, C)</th>
|
||
<td box="[349,393,1348,1399]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">///</td>
|
||
<td box="[461,978,1348,1399]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">Posteromedial on wall of basis</td>
|
||
<td box="[1002,1405,1348,1399]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">Anterodorsal on proximal margin of exopod</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[145,1405,1407,1458]" gridrow="19" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">
|
||
<th box="[145,291,1407,1458]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">ExP1 (Fig. 9A)</th>
|
||
<td box="[349,393,1407,1458]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">/</td>
|
||
<td box="[461,978,1407,1458]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">Anteroventral at proximal margin of peduncle of exopod</td>
|
||
<td box="[1002,1405,1407,1458]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">Anteroventral on proximal half of ped- uncle of exopod</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[145,1405,1466,1518]" gridrow="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">
|
||
<th box="[145,291,1466,1518]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">ExP2 (Fig. 9A, B)</th>
|
||
<td box="[349,393,1466,1518]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">///</td>
|
||
<td box="[461,978,1466,1518]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">Dorsal on proximal stem of peduncle of exopod</td>
|
||
<td box="[1002,1405,1466,1518]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">Dorsal on distal wall of peduncle of exopod</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[145,1405,1526,1577]" gridrow="21" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">
|
||
<th box="[145,291,1526,1577]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">ExF1 (Fig. 9B)</th>
|
||
<td box="[349,393,1526,1577]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">/</td>
|
||
<td box="[461,978,1526,1577]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">Posteroventral at proximal margin of peduncle of exopod</td>
|
||
<td box="[1002,1405,1526,1577]" gridcol="3" gridrow="21" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">Posteroventral on proximal margin of flagellum of exopod</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[145,1405,1585,1636]" gridrow="22" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">
|
||
<th box="[145,291,1585,1636]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">ExF2 (Fig. 9A)</th>
|
||
<td box="[349,393,1585,1636]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">//</td>
|
||
<td box="[461,978,1585,1636]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">Anteroventral at distal half of peduncle</td>
|
||
<td box="[1002,1405,1585,1636]" gridcol="3" gridrow="22" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">Anterodorsal on proximal margin of flagellum of exopod</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[145,1405,1644,1696]" gridrow="23" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">
|
||
<th box="[145,291,1644,1696]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">ExF3 (Fig. 9A, B)</th>
|
||
<td box="[349,393,1644,1696]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">/</td>
|
||
<td box="[461,978,1644,1696]" gridcol="2" gridrow="23" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">At distal margin of peduncle of exopod</td>
|
||
<td box="[1002,1405,1644,1696]" gridcol="3" gridrow="23" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">Distal in flagellum of exopod</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[145,1405,1704,1755]" gridrow="24" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">
|
||
<th box="[145,291,1704,1755]" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">IsM1 (Fig. 9A, C, D)</th>
|
||
<td box="[349,393,1704,1755]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">///</td>
|
||
<td box="[461,978,1704,1755]" gridcol="2" gridrow="24" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">Medial at proximal margin of ischium</td>
|
||
<td box="[1002,1405,1704,1755]" gridcol="3" gridrow="24" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">Medial on proximal margin of merus</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[145,1405,1763,1814]" gridrow="25" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">
|
||
<th box="[145,291,1763,1814]" gridcol="0" gridrow="25" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">IsM2 (Fig. 9A, C, D)</th>
|
||
<td box="[349,393,1763,1814]" gridcol="1" gridrow="25" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">//</td>
|
||
<td box="[461,978,1763,1814]" gridcol="2" gridrow="25" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">Lateral at proximal margin of ischium</td>
|
||
<td box="[1002,1405,1763,1814]" gridcol="3" gridrow="25" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">Lateral on proximal margin of merus</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[145,1405,1823,1874]" gridrow="26" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">
|
||
<th box="[145,291,1823,1874]" gridcol="0" gridrow="26" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">MC1 (Fig. 9B, E)</th>
|
||
<td box="[349,393,1823,1874]" gridcol="1" gridrow="26" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">/</td>
|
||
<td box="[461,978,1823,1874]" gridcol="2" gridrow="26" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">Lateral at proximal margin of merus</td>
|
||
<td box="[1002,1405,1823,1874]" gridcol="3" gridrow="26" pageId="18" pageNumber="983">Lateral on proximal margin of carpus</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="19.[163,369,196,218]" box="[163,369,196,218]" pageId="19" pageNumber="984">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[163,252,196,217]" pageId="19" pageNumber="984">Table 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Continued
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="984">
|
||
<table box="[163,1415,252,679]" colsContinueFrom="18.[145,1405,254,1874]" colsContinueIn="23.[163,1433,254,1607]" gridcols="4" gridrows="6" pageId="19" pageNumber="984">
|
||
<tr box="[163,1415,252,303]" gridrow="0" pageId="19" pageNumber="984">
|
||
<th box="[163,280,252,303]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="19" pageNumber="984">Muscle</th>
|
||
<th box="[367,411,252,303]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="19" pageNumber="984">Size</th>
|
||
<th box="[479,948,252,303]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="19" pageNumber="984">Location of proximal attachment site (origin)</th>
|
||
<th box="[1020,1415,252,303]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="19" pageNumber="984">Location of distal attachment site (insertion)</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[163,1415,331,382]" gridrow="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="984">
|
||
<th box="[163,280,331,382]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="984">MC2 (Fig. 9B, E)</th>
|
||
<td box="[367,411,331,382]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="984">/</td>
|
||
<td box="[479,948,331,382]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="984">Medial at proximal margin of merus</td>
|
||
<td box="[1020,1415,331,382]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="984">Medial on proximal margin of carpus</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[163,1415,390,471]" gridrow="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="984">
|
||
<th box="[163,280,390,471]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="984">CP1 (Fig. 9E)</th>
|
||
<td box="[367,411,390,471]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="984">/</td>
|
||
<td box="[479,948,390,471]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="984">Posterior at proximal margin of carpus</td>
|
||
<td box="[1020,1415,390,471]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="984">Posteromedial on proximal margin of propodus with two insertion points (possibly two muscles)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[163,1415,479,560]" gridrow="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="984">
|
||
<th box="[163,280,479,560]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="984">CP2 (Fig. 9E)</th>
|
||
<td box="[367,411,479,560]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="984">/</td>
|
||
<td box="[479,948,479,560]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="984">Anterior at proximal margin of carpus</td>
|
||
<td box="[1020,1415,479,560]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="984">Anterolateral on proximal margin of propodus with two insertion points (possibly two muscles)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[163,1415,568,619]" gridrow="4" pageId="19" pageNumber="984">
|
||
<th box="[163,280,568,619]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="19" pageNumber="984">PD1 (Fig. 9E)</th>
|
||
<td box="[367,411,568,619]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="19" pageNumber="984">/</td>
|
||
<td box="[479,948,568,619]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="19" pageNumber="984">Posterior at proximal margin of propodus</td>
|
||
<td box="[1020,1415,568,619]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="19" pageNumber="984">Posteromedial on proximal margin of dactylus</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[163,1415,627,679]" gridrow="5" pageId="19" pageNumber="984">
|
||
<th box="[163,280,627,679]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="19" pageNumber="984">PD2 (Fig. 9E)</th>
|
||
<td box="[367,411,627,679]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="19" pageNumber="984">/</td>
|
||
<td box="[479,948,627,679]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="19" pageNumber="984">Anterior at proximal margin of propodus</td>
|
||
<td box="[1020,1415,627,679]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="19" pageNumber="984">Anterolateral on proximal margin of dactylus</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="19.[163,1448,710,748]" pageId="19" pageNumber="984">
|
||
<tableNote pageId="19" pageNumber="984" targetBox="[163,1415,252,679]" targetPageId="19">Muscles are characterized by their proximal and distal attachment sites. Relative size (compared with one another, based on circumference) is specified by one (/ = ‘small’) to three (/// = ‘large’) slashes.</tableNote>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="19.[163,780,804,1899]" pageId="19" pageNumber="984">
|
||
The crescent-shaped endopod consists of the ischium, merus, carpus, propodus and dactylus. In relationship to the following podomeres, the ischium appears short (Is in
|
||
<figureCitation box="[409,509,1049,1071]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="20.[145,225,1545,1567]" captionTargetBox="[273,1297,195,1515]" captionTargetId="figure-27@20.[273,1297,195,1515]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 10. Cuticle of macerated thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) of Lophogaster typicus (male); micro-computed tomography volume rendering; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1. A, posterior view; epipod damaged; dashed line indicates the concealed distal margin of the carpus; dotted line indicates the outline of the concealed propodus; black arrows show the posterior thorax invagination; white arrows show the posterior coxa invagination. B, C, podomeres distal to the ischium blanked out. B, dorsal view of protopod; partly dashed curved arrows emphasize the posterior invagination of the thorax; white line outlines the proximal/dorsal margin of the thoracomere; dashed line indicates the concealed posterior distal/ ventral margin of the thoracomere; left half of thoracomere/sternum blanked out.C, dorsalview ofbasis–ischium articulation; dashed line emphasizes the proximal margin of the basis; thorax and coxa blanked out. Abbreviations: ant, anterior; ax, articulation axis between […]; Ba, basis; Ca, carpus; Co, coxa; Da, dactylus; dis, distal; Ep, epipod; Ex, exopod; Is, ischium; *l, lateral articulation point; lat, lateral; *m, medial articulation point; Me, merus; med, medial; Pr, propodus; Th, thorax." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797631" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797631/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="984">Fig. 10A</figureCitation>
|
||
). An articulation with the merus is created by an anteromedial articulation point. Although the podomeres are in close contact posterolaterally, no clear articulation point can be made out. Nonetheless, this closeness might be sufficient to achieve the functionality of a bicondylar joint.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="19.[163,780,804,1899]" pageId="19" pageNumber="984">
|
||
The merus (Me in
|
||
<figureCitation box="[407,505,1233,1255]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="20.[145,225,1545,1567]" captionTargetBox="[273,1297,195,1515]" captionTargetId="figure-27@20.[273,1297,195,1515]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 10. Cuticle of macerated thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) of Lophogaster typicus (male); micro-computed tomography volume rendering; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1. A, posterior view; epipod damaged; dashed line indicates the concealed distal margin of the carpus; dotted line indicates the outline of the concealed propodus; black arrows show the posterior thorax invagination; white arrows show the posterior coxa invagination. B, C, podomeres distal to the ischium blanked out. B, dorsal view of protopod; partly dashed curved arrows emphasize the posterior invagination of the thorax; white line outlines the proximal/dorsal margin of the thoracomere; dashed line indicates the concealed posterior distal/ ventral margin of the thoracomere; left half of thoracomere/sternum blanked out.C, dorsalview ofbasis–ischium articulation; dashed line emphasizes the proximal margin of the basis; thorax and coxa blanked out. Abbreviations: ant, anterior; ax, articulation axis between […]; Ba, basis; Ca, carpus; Co, coxa; Da, dactylus; dis, distal; Ep, epipod; Ex, exopod; Is, ischium; *l, lateral articulation point; lat, lateral; *m, medial articulation point; Me, merus; med, medial; Pr, propodus; Th, thorax." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797631" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797631/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="984">Fig. 10A</figureCitation>
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) measures about twice the length of the ischium. Its distal opening is not oriented distally but is displaced ~90° in the lateral direction. Anteromedially, the podomere is covered with strong, cuspidate setae. A bicondylar articulation with the carpus is formed by an anteromedial and posterolateral articulation point, respectively.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="19.[163,780,804,1899]" pageId="19" pageNumber="984">
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The carpus (Ca in
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<figureCitation box="[394,488,1448,1470]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="20.[145,225,1545,1567]" captionTargetBox="[273,1297,195,1515]" captionTargetId="figure-27@20.[273,1297,195,1515]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 10. Cuticle of macerated thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) of Lophogaster typicus (male); micro-computed tomography volume rendering; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1. A, posterior view; epipod damaged; dashed line indicates the concealed distal margin of the carpus; dotted line indicates the outline of the concealed propodus; black arrows show the posterior thorax invagination; white arrows show the posterior coxa invagination. B, C, podomeres distal to the ischium blanked out. B, dorsal view of protopod; partly dashed curved arrows emphasize the posterior invagination of the thorax; white line outlines the proximal/dorsal margin of the thoracomere; dashed line indicates the concealed posterior distal/ ventral margin of the thoracomere; left half of thoracomere/sternum blanked out.C, dorsalview ofbasis–ischium articulation; dashed line emphasizes the proximal margin of the basis; thorax and coxa blanked out. Abbreviations: ant, anterior; ax, articulation axis between […]; Ba, basis; Ca, carpus; Co, coxa; Da, dactylus; dis, distal; Ep, epipod; Ex, exopod; Is, ischium; *l, lateral articulation point; lat, lateral; *m, medial articulation point; Me, merus; med, medial; Pr, propodus; Th, thorax." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797631" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797631/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="984">Fig. 10A</figureCitation>
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) is about twice the length of the merus. Four long cuspidate setae are attached medially. Its proximal margin (connected to the merus) faces medially, whereas its distal margin faces in the distal direction, articulating with the propodus by an anterior and posterolateral articulation point, respectively.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="19.[163,780,804,1899]" pageId="19" pageNumber="984">
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The propodus (Pr, dotted outline in
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<figureCitation box="[636,739,1632,1654]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="20.[145,225,1545,1567]" captionTargetBox="[273,1297,195,1515]" captionTargetId="figure-27@20.[273,1297,195,1515]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 10. Cuticle of macerated thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) of Lophogaster typicus (male); micro-computed tomography volume rendering; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1. A, posterior view; epipod damaged; dashed line indicates the concealed distal margin of the carpus; dotted line indicates the outline of the concealed propodus; black arrows show the posterior thorax invagination; white arrows show the posterior coxa invagination. B, C, podomeres distal to the ischium blanked out. B, dorsal view of protopod; partly dashed curved arrows emphasize the posterior invagination of the thorax; white line outlines the proximal/dorsal margin of the thoracomere; dashed line indicates the concealed posterior distal/ ventral margin of the thoracomere; left half of thoracomere/sternum blanked out.C, dorsalview ofbasis–ischium articulation; dashed line emphasizes the proximal margin of the basis; thorax and coxa blanked out. Abbreviations: ant, anterior; ax, articulation axis between […]; Ba, basis; Ca, carpus; Co, coxa; Da, dactylus; dis, distal; Ep, epipod; Ex, exopod; Is, ischium; *l, lateral articulation point; lat, lateral; *m, medial articulation point; Me, merus; med, medial; Pr, propodus; Th, thorax." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797631" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797631/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="984">Fig. 10A</figureCitation>
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) is shorter than the carpus and roughly as long as the merus. Three long, cuspidate setae are attached medially. The distal margin of the propodus is slightly oriented in the medial direction, where the podomere is connected with the dactylus by an anterolateral and a posterior articulation point, respectively.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="19.[163,780,804,1899]" lastBlockId="19.[827,1442,804,887]" pageId="19" pageNumber="984">
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The dactylus (Da in
|
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<figureCitation box="[439,541,1846,1868]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="20.[145,225,1545,1567]" captionTargetBox="[273,1297,195,1515]" captionTargetId="figure-27@20.[273,1297,195,1515]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 10. Cuticle of macerated thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) of Lophogaster typicus (male); micro-computed tomography volume rendering; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1. A, posterior view; epipod damaged; dashed line indicates the concealed distal margin of the carpus; dotted line indicates the outline of the concealed propodus; black arrows show the posterior thorax invagination; white arrows show the posterior coxa invagination. B, C, podomeres distal to the ischium blanked out. B, dorsal view of protopod; partly dashed curved arrows emphasize the posterior invagination of the thorax; white line outlines the proximal/dorsal margin of the thoracomere; dashed line indicates the concealed posterior distal/ ventral margin of the thoracomere; left half of thoracomere/sternum blanked out.C, dorsalview ofbasis–ischium articulation; dashed line emphasizes the proximal margin of the basis; thorax and coxa blanked out. Abbreviations: ant, anterior; ax, articulation axis between […]; Ba, basis; Ca, carpus; Co, coxa; Da, dactylus; dis, distal; Ep, epipod; Ex, exopod; Is, ischium; *l, lateral articulation point; lat, lateral; *m, medial articulation point; Me, merus; med, medial; Pr, propodus; Th, thorax." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797631" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797631/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="984">Fig. 10A</figureCitation>
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) is almost equal in length to the propodus. The podomere tapers towards its distal tip, where a strong and cuspidate seta is present, while four smaller cuspidate setae cover the dactylus medially.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
|
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</treatment>
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</document> |