treatments-xml/data/D9/5D/1B/D95D1BB31781EF958B89A388B9EF3794.xml

<document id="E2458984936D46B0174B07F1B95C8F62" ID-CLB-Dataset="27181" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.49.32034" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3366fee5-7402-40e0-8c25-340e563f6c1e" ID-PMC="PMC6477822" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-4049-49-49" ID-PubMed="31043852" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2019" ModsDocID="1314-4049-49-49" ModsDocOrigin="MycoKeys 49" ModsDocTitle="Epitypification of the Central African Cantharellusdensifolius and C.luteopunctatus allows for the recognition of two additional species" checkinTime="1555333411577" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Buyck, Bart, W. Henkel, Terry &amp; Hofstetter, Valerie" docDate="2019" docId="D95D1BB31781EF958B89A388B9EF3794" docLanguage="en" docName="MycoKeys 49: 49-72" docOrigin="MycoKeys 49" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.49.32034" docTitle="Cantharellus luteopunctatus Heinem. Bull. Jard. bot. Etat Brux. 28 (4): 415. 1958" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="49" masterDocId="0933FFB73960FFA7FFB6FFCAC248FFC7" masterDocTitle="Epitypification of the Central African Cantharellusdensifolius and C. luteopunctatus allows for the recognition of two additional species" masterLastPageNumber="72" masterPageNumber="49" pageNumber="49" updateTime="1720530627053" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="BBB40D789BF4A4376E89FEA6F3C22418">Epitypification of the Central African Cantharellusdensifolius and C. luteopunctatus allows for the recognition of two additional species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="EDEFEA8BC316030B17D7446BFFE4E2DD">Buyck, Bart</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6FAA252DA4F638EFE858525DB3A18D94">W. Henkel, Terry</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="D95D1BB31781EF958B89A388B9EF3794" ID-GBIF-Taxon="156202002" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D95D1BB31781EF958B89A388B9EF3794" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D95D1BB31781EF958B89A388B9EF3794" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
<subSubSection id="0E2269B9D537337B0BDF248C5266F521" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="DA72CA38A642D0FF95BE0BB9B3891D9C" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
<taxonomicName id="494B5FFBDD6DB6014F70AECF7F746E64" ID-CoL="QMPL" authority="(Beeli) Heinem. Bull. Jard. bot. Etat Brux. 28 (4): 415. 1958." class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hydnaceae" genus="Cantharellus" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Cantharellus luteopunctatus" order="Cantharellales" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="luteopunctatus">
Cantharellus luteopunctatus (Beeli) Heinem. Bull. Jard. bot. 
<normalizedToken id="45D706BBBDF49F6D3518FEE029FD30F8" originalValue="État">Etat</normalizedToken>
Brux. 28(4): 415. 1958.
</taxonomicName>
Figs 4, 5, 6
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="095FAEF96BCC12A3EBE0C4BF445FE250" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="basionym">
<paragraph id="73A548A43F5388228A2DDB91E1EF627F" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Basionym.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="62A14B6182B8C5EFDC5CAFDE7609D82E" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
<taxonomicName id="1C0D4785D72A41578F84297A2773573B" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Polyporaceae" genus="Lentinus" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lentinus luteopunctatus" order="Polyporales" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="luteopunctatus">Lentinus luteopunctatus</taxonomicName>
Beeli, Bull. Soc Roy Bot Belge 60: 160. 1928.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F165A235F5C5EABD8C45319E8845AADB" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="original diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8C0AFAFD668F4DD7C6BD67F8BA6347CA" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Original diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E1D7BEFD3FEE7CD245CC5D38ECB63AB7" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
&quot;Pileo carnoso-coriaceo, centro depresso, margine incurvato, luteo; furfuraceo brunneo, 3,5-4 cm. lato; stipite cylindrico-solido, glabro, concolori, 3 
<normalizedToken id="33E73B280141FA0BB36B2B6E34F60207" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0,5-0,7 cm, lamellis deccurentibus, luteis; sporis ovoideis 5-6 
<normalizedToken id="EFAB67D6FAAE59DF62129C5C355E5F04" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
3,5-4 
<normalizedToken id="50B580A6EDDA65B022E2B402C807533E" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
, carne lutea.&quot;
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F286B13F48AC211977A632F0B2123352" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="holotype">
<paragraph id="F8D5DC4E7DFBCA7233A696658892C0FE" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Holotype.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F1ADA482516DFD622EE0574B319D733E" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO. Central forest district, near Djongo-Akula, dispersed on the soil of the dry 
<taxonomicName id="816238769240CEF4FD496F3C4BBB4223" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Gilbertiodendron" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Gilbertiodendron dewevrei" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dewevrei">Gilbertiodendron dewevrei</taxonomicName>
forest, Dec. 1925, Mme. Goossens-Fontana 502 (BR).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A075A2AB2EB87AACBEC91A078C510EE8" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="iconography">
<paragraph id="BB09652EF269C6B237DB2460D4F853CA" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Iconography.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A8446F74F0E383B4F5F80657EA435700" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
<bibRefCitation id="016A991FCEEA595804FCCED2644F07EA" author="Heinemann, P" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin du jardin botanique de l'Etat Bruxelles" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" pagination="385 - 438" title="Champignons recoltes au Congo Belge par Madame Goossens-Fontana. III. Cantharellineae." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/3667153" volume="28" year="1958">HEINEMANN (1958</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 47; 1959, pl. XXVI, fig. 6).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DA0CC91B31265F297BECA27A24571C05" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="description">
<paragraph id="E9E1CBBE9412D806B6BD3CCF1130EAF6" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Original description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="29BC24123437E805D1AC1EF31A8B9F87" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
(freely translated from French) &quot;Pileus rather thick, 49 mm diam., soon depressed, concave with rounded, then straight margin, bright lemon yellow, punctuated - particularly in the center - with minute brownish squamules. Stipe 30 
<normalizedToken id="4B9F2C524E0A23939386B704EA7C74A7" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
6 mm, [30-50 
<normalizedToken id="3DFB7020D99AE2BF0253FBDA4C701664" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
5-11 mm], cylindrical, solid inside, yellow, finally rusty, faintly covered from brownish scales. Gills very crowded, deeply decurrent, very narrow, 0.5-11 mm wide (sic!), yellow, irregularly forked, interconnected by rather abundant transversal anastomoses. Context firm, bright yellow, more orangish near the stipe base. Taste strong, bitter. Spore print white. Exsiccatum orangish brown-ochre.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D0900D5AC3C3C9CAF3364122E018E296" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
Spores hyaline, shortly ellipsoid, 4.9-6.0 (7.5) 
<normalizedToken id="A978C1683ED4705051D590E545ACD4A9" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
3.8-4.6 (5) 
<normalizedToken id="AB3D995F075C145A30BA15361A4C7C97" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
, granular inside, thin-walled, not amyloid, with a small apiculus. Basidia narrowly clavate, 30-40 
<normalizedToken id="347981CFC27EFD16D7312B78A16BC866" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
6.7-9.5 
<normalizedToken id="BDBCF4ECD0EDB17857F0E3A9701D6847" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
, 4-spored, perhaps sometimes 6-spored. Hymenium not or only slightly accrescent. Subhymenium narrow. Pseudoparenchyma composed of very long and slender elements, mixed with some oleiferous hyphae that do not color in Congo Red. Pileipellis undifferentiated; squamules formed of hyphae united in bundles made up of yellowish to pinkish cells; terminal cells lanceolate or clavate, 6-13 
<normalizedToken id="7F24085C5D7502B331A1A04361DD63DF" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
diam. Hyphae not amyloid.&quot;
</paragraph>
<caption id="DD8A21C7EA6D485431915BE8997064FD" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
<paragraph id="9C415B60CCB3823C20CD1DFF1BE1ED6C" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
Figure 4. 
<taxonomicName id="CFF4642717633B64567BE3EC1B03CF31" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hydnaceae" genus="Cantharellus" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Cantharellus luteopunctatus" order="Cantharellales" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="luteopunctatus">Cantharellus luteopunctatus</taxonomicName>
. a Field habit of the epitype (TH 10285) b details of younger basidiomata from specimen TH 9921, showing the gradual color change of the pileus going from pinkish brown in youngest stages to pale yellow in older stages because of the less dense squamulae; similar squamulae are present on the stipe surface. Composition based on photos by Terry Henkel and Todd Elliott c original watercolor of the holotype by Mme. Goossens-Fontana from 
<bibRefCitation id="32FC3D2E66D7F53349D08BEA1E83B8AB" author="Heinemann, P" journalOrPublisher="Flore iconographique des champignons du Congo" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" pagination="153 - 165" title="Cantharellineae." volume="8" year="1959">Heinemann (1959)</bibRefCitation>
, reproduced with the permission of Botanic Garden Meise, Belgium.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="6EC1917644B8352A8C04EF52A9609500" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
<paragraph id="322C08BEB1740C8FA41ABB03EA1ACF7E" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
Figure 5. 
<taxonomicName id="4D3FE8ABF6E8F2289C2A23183AEE7179" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hydnaceae" genus="Cantharellus" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Cantharellus luteopunctatus" order="Cantharellales" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="luteopunctatus">Cantharellus luteopunctatus</taxonomicName>
(TH 10442). a Field habit of a collection that is more intensely yellow with distinctly yellowing context b detail of the hymenophore showing the crowded, thin and strongly anastomosing gill folds. Based on photos by Noah Siegel.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="F193CCA604D5B398A8698869DC834A02" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
<paragraph id="3408C597A5CEC114B61BD778C9A41EE4" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
Figure 6. 
<taxonomicName id="28BE6488E6A5074173BF0E019AD085B0" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hydnaceae" genus="Cantharellus" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Cantharellus luteopunctatus" order="Cantharellales" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="luteopunctatus">Cantharellus luteopunctatus</taxonomicName>
. Microscopic features: a basidiospores b basidia and basidiola c detail of part of a squamula showing the terminal, thin- to slightly thick-walled hyphal extremities overlying the pileipellis. Scale bar: 10 
<normalizedToken id="8FD61A47BA123FE3239E9A8CBEE5592E" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
but only 5 
<normalizedToken id="C6625DCCD775D050E1679767FD088284" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
for basidiospores. Drawings: B. Buyck.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B85DF4A609759BB2C1021C8A908E967D" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="description">
<paragraph id="7F1CF8E317FAC838FDEF86088286905F" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Description of the epitype.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5DAF4758774892C8E01BDD822B105B3A" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
Basidiomata scattered to occasionally caespitose. Pileus up to 65(-75) mm diam., initially broadly convex with shallow depression, extending outward and upward with age, becoming increasingly infundibuliform with downturned margin, deep golden yellow (2-3A4), beset with minute, conical erect tufts, these flesh-brown, more concentrated over the disc but extending and gradually more widely dispersed toward margin; intervening surface shiny-glabrous; margin irregularly crenulate, slightly wavy. Hymenophore composed of very thin, crowded, ridge-like gill folds, creamish to nearly concolorous with the pileus surface (2-3A3), occasionally developing tannish overtones with age (3-4A3), decurrent and fairly abruptly demarcated from the sterile stipe surface, discoloring slowly darker yellow to orangish where injured, repeatedly forking, also abundantly cross-connected between stipe and pileus margin at almost right angles, becoming increasingly tortuous and anastomosed with advanced age; edges even and concolorous. Stipe subequal or slightly tapering toward the base, (17 
<normalizedToken id="B79AD1881F3F5FF04E4793FC7C92E3E8" originalValue="–)24–">-)24-</normalizedToken>
43 
<normalizedToken id="0F9AD9C7877BABDEBF91A79D2BBAB475" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
4 
<normalizedToken id="BF39B503526AA28A55F47772AE479D31" originalValue="–8(–">-8(-</normalizedToken>
10) mm, concolorous with pileus, beset apically with conical, flesh-brown, erect tufts, longitudinally striate below; extreme base often developing some white mycelial tissue at the soil interface. Context solid, yellow, unchanging to increasingly yellow. Odor mildly chanterelle-like. Taste mild, nutty, pleasant, somewhat tardily acrid in young specimens. Spore print not obtained.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B7A5F85BA505E39BDEA2E739617A2665" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
Basidiospores short-ellipsoid to ellipsoid, (5.4 
<normalizedToken id="C5F1CF836A83AD8D5ADD60B0A0BD6BCC" originalValue="–)5.7–6.04–6.4(–">-)5.7-6.04-6.4(-</normalizedToken>
7.1) 
<normalizedToken id="C7026372B403BB92B04D30CACFF07D8A" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
(3.9 
<normalizedToken id="43F8DD7FD43F671304CFFA92E66DA415" originalValue="–)4.0–4.29–4.6(–">-)4.0-4.29-4.6(-</normalizedToken>
5.0) 
<normalizedToken id="CD4CF7BFBC50828B2C02B40D73A72A4C" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, Q = (1.24)1.29 
<normalizedToken id="D6147FB674134F17E8B131FA6A04DDFA" originalValue="–1.41–1.53(–">-1.41-1.53(-</normalizedToken>
1.79), smooth. Basidia quite short, mostly 30 
<normalizedToken id="17CBFC9AE27BE28CB588561170BA438F" originalValue="–40(–">-40(-</normalizedToken>
50) 
<normalizedToken id="B327AACC90388205595184F2A67D58BE" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
6-7 
<normalizedToken id="1687379B85561C397036C5A33D72C7A2" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, (5-)6-spored. Cystidia none. Subhymenium cells mostly hardly wider than the basidium base, but locally more inflated parts make it somewhat intermediate between distinctly pseudoparenchymatous and filamentous. Pileipellis composed periclinal thin-walled hyphae of variable diameter, but most ca. 10 
<normalizedToken id="DEF8DBB51B1AF124D1DFDA1C84F00454" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
wide, that locally emit anticlinal tufts of short-septate chains of more or less inflated cells, with the largest cells in these chains distinctly zebroid incrusted and the more terminal cells distinctly thick-walled (up to 1 
<normalizedToken id="B816FAA29D957CE11E564E43D7BDE8EC" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
thick); terminal cells 30-60 
<normalizedToken id="4E7999373889A03F45778AFB1ADADF54" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
long, mostly (6 
<normalizedToken id="A8293E0E2D1902625A9733E58A342769" originalValue="–)10–">-)10-</normalizedToken>
15 
<normalizedToken id="68C5D19FC64F58AF33A26FE3EF51BD13" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
wide, subcylindric or clavulate to lageniform, with obtusely rounded to attenuated tips, never remarkably undulate or irregular in outline. Clamp connections absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B138A217BF58B24DE213652915BC2742" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
CAMEROON. East Region: Dja Biosphere Reserve, Northwest Sector near the village of Somalomo, Upper Dja River Basin, within 2 km radius of Dja base camp located at 
<geoCoordinate id="5026E47F44799832D74122DCEEAD68C8" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="3.3582778">3°21'29.8&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="6F67A65D95C221F518FF8B8256D6C810" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="12.729694">12°43'46.9&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, 650 m a.s.l., 2 km SW of Dja base camp, under 
<taxonomicName id="50DDCA97F3C00501A0B6F3C10BA6D447" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Gilbertiodendron" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Gilbertiodendron dewevrei" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dewevrei">Gilbertiodendron dewevrei</taxonomicName>
, coll. T. Henkel, 22 Nov 2016, TH 10285 (YA, epitypus hic designatus, duplicates at HSC G1264 and PC). MycoBank MBT 384670.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="327B65A04D4CA0A1133F424759A0FFF6" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="EE0A4260C1E6FC60408B7513E64001E6" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Additional specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7D1609F4E14EB7532729A33B50A77354" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
CAMEROON. East Region: Dja Biosphere Reserve, Northwest Sector near the village of Somalomo, Upper Dja River Basin, 1.4 km SW of Dja base camp, under 
<taxonomicName id="284E9F6D178E7B6F0968A8004D7068EC" lsidName="G. dewevrei" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="dewevrei">G. dewevrei</taxonomicName>
, coll. T. Henkel, 2 Sep 2014, TH 9921 (YA, HSC G1265, PC); 2 km SW of Dja base camp, under 
<taxonomicName id="CF92FC050DD58B6DB23DEE64F442C6CC" lsidName="G. dewevrei" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="dewevrei">G. dewevrei</taxonomicName>
, coll. T. Henkel, 29 Aug 2017, TH 10442 (YA, HSC G1266, PC).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="14FCDCFC7D3F9ED4C1D55DF621C672B9" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="5FB829D2DCFC6B1562E09367283CA9AC" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9626CA4986EFA386D2D6269027F4D7C8" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
<taxonomicName id="6BBF150055501490FDF39BA0D24B7882" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hydnaceae" genus="Cantharellus" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Cantharellus luteopunctatus" order="Cantharellales" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="luteopunctatus">Cantharellus luteopunctatus</taxonomicName>
has long been considered as &quot;uncomfortably close&quot; to 
<taxonomicName id="EC7D267B2BBE5D103D16FFA63281A69D" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hydnaceae" genus="Cantharellus" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="C. densifolius" order="Cantharellales" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="densifolius">C. densifolius</taxonomicName>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="CB2FB44A926F3A6D26FFCD238BFE73FF" author="Eyssartier, G" journalOrPublisher="Dissertation, National Natural History Museum Paris" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" title="Vers une monographie du genre Cantharellus Adans.: Fr." year="2001">Eyssartier (2001)</bibRefCitation>
found no significant microscopic differences between their holotypes, and suggested that 
<taxonomicName id="626F4850AA10E5D3566E2AE10F116E6D" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hydnaceae" genus="Cantharellus" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="C. luteopunctatus" order="Cantharellales" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="luteopunctatus">C. luteopunctatus</taxonomicName>
was likely a more yellowish color form of the latter species. For several decades following its original description 
<taxonomicName id="1F3E76687D78F02C033DC4356A7C95E3" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hydnaceae" genus="Cantharellus" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="C. luteopunctatus" order="Cantharellales" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="luteopunctatus">C. luteopunctatus</taxonomicName>
was not discussed in the literature, until recently by 
<bibRefCitation id="FC63167E5F6CFA599E3BBACE47F4FC38" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
Eyi 
<normalizedToken id="1DA454BC5A29B2762E2BDBDA59604E7B" originalValue="N’dong">N'dong</normalizedToken>
et al. (2011)
</bibRefCitation>
who accepted it as an independent species. Both 
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and 
<taxonomicName id="7AD0793403BBF27D293FF0284D4C204E" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hydnaceae" genus="Cantharellus" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="C. densifolius" order="Cantharellales" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="densifolius">C. densifolius</taxonomicName>
were also maintained as independent entities in a recent identification key to all African chanterelles (
<bibRefCitation id="EE815AFA7539FC250F375B409C2A17BF" author="De Kesel, A" journalOrPublisher="Cryptogamie Mycologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" pagination="283 - 327" title="New and interesting Cantharellus from tropical Africa." url="https://doi.org/10.7872/crym/v37.iss3.2016.283" volume="37" year="2016">De Kesel et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
). Our choice of epitype has been based on the specimen with the highest degree of similarity with the original macro- and microscopic description of 
<taxonomicName id="6DCA3990E81ACEEDEB4B75F5D3208D55" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hydnaceae" genus="Cantharellus" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="C. luteopunctatus" order="Cantharellales" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="luteopunctatus">C. luteopunctatus</taxonomicName>
, and the original watercolor showing a species with a similar stature, color, and laterally compressed stipe (Fig. 4c).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B1928DA183E59D5F21C2E44597DF503B" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
Close reading reveals some differences between the original descriptions for 
<taxonomicName id="B69FFF2BB26C24AE9F2C0148E368C82E" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hydnaceae" genus="Cantharellus" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="C. luteopunctatus" order="Cantharellales" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="luteopunctatus">C. luteopunctatus</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="B20C6D8CD4418C77A940D721E8511DCA" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hydnaceae" genus="Cantharellus" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="C. densifolius" order="Cantharellales" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="densifolius">C. densifolius</taxonomicName>
. Apart from the difference in pileus color, the second most important difference, also noted by 
<bibRefCitation id="553BEC1C6CDE7197DAC8FA7130801798" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
Eyi 
<normalizedToken id="85738C5280C8B0835A3085139AC85E18" originalValue="N’dong">N'dong</normalizedToken>
et al. (2011)
</bibRefCitation>
, concerns the configuration of the hymenophore. Gill folds were originally described for 
<taxonomicName id="1295EBC7BBEBCC7F21C84A45108963A1" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hydnaceae" genus="Cantharellus" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="C. luteopunctatus" order="Cantharellales" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="luteopunctatus">C. luteopunctatus</taxonomicName>
as &quot;irregularly forking and with many interstitial anastomosing veins&quot;, versus those of 
<taxonomicName id="41D6C4E1A32C8AAC7BB4DA459CF0D368" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hydnaceae" genus="Cantharellus" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="C. densifolius" order="Cantharellales" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="densifolius">C. densifolius</taxonomicName>
which were 
<normalizedToken id="8BC118F3D54242198D25D47F1B770F32" originalValue="“1–">&quot;1-</normalizedToken>
4 times forking, not interveined&quot; (
<bibRefCitation id="9E4C194A6145D68F9B4489D843884418" author="Heinemann, P" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin du jardin botanique de l'Etat Bruxelles" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" pagination="385 - 438" title="Champignons recoltes au Congo Belge par Madame Goossens-Fontana. III. Cantharellineae." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/3667153" volume="28" year="1958">Heinemann 1958</bibRefCitation>
). Although the presence and frequency of anastomoses between gill folds can be highly variable among and within 
<taxonomicName id="B8B89A49064F7958CA43B72297689568" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hydnaceae" genus="Cantharellus" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Cantharellus" order="Cantharellales" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">Cantharellus</taxonomicName>
species, it remains nevertheless a very informative feature to characterize those species that appear always to be on one side of the continuum (
<bibRefCitation id="A3A362DBCB211FB277F50D66E889FA1F" author="De Kesel, A" journalOrPublisher="Cryptogamie Mycologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" pagination="283 - 327" title="New and interesting Cantharellus from tropical Africa." url="https://doi.org/10.7872/crym/v37.iss3.2016.283" volume="37" year="2016">De Kesel et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
). In this particular case, the macromorphologies of recent collections suggest that this feature is consistent across, and different between, specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="31E694D8043C074ADDE020C4FD5770F2" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hydnaceae" genus="Cantharellus" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="C. luteopunctatus" order="Cantharellales" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="luteopunctatus">C. luteopunctatus</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="37DA670D3739BB4E9B8ED3FF742E779D" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hydnaceae" genus="Cantharellus" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="C. densifolius" order="Cantharellales" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="densifolius">C. densifolius</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="03765462475DF9A3B59E88CDD7152E74" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
Our collections also demonstrate a difference in hymenophore color between the species, something that is not evident from 
<normalizedToken id="84A5019A91B5FCFD4DF4EEC75A1E4774" originalValue="Heinemann’s">Heinemann's</normalizedToken>
descriptions. Heinemann described 
<taxonomicName id="2594C76D678A05749A127BC1CE1D3F8E" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hydnaceae" genus="Cantharellus" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="C. luteopunctatus" order="Cantharellales" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="luteopunctatus">C. luteopunctatus</taxonomicName>
as having a yellow hymenophore, but does not indicate the color for the hymenophore of 
<taxonomicName id="7AAF66F688B04C1F23A81DD79C6397D8" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hydnaceae" genus="Cantharellus" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="C. densifolius" order="Cantharellales" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="densifolius">C. densifolius</taxonomicName>
, although the original watercolor clearly shows it to be more or less ochraceous (see Fig. 2c here, and 
<bibRefCitation id="8E3EF3065DA2A1EA1C85025CEB0AB7C6" author="Heinemann, P" journalOrPublisher="Flore iconographique des champignons du Congo" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" pagination="153 - 165" title="Cantharellineae." volume="8" year="1959">Heinemann 1959</bibRefCitation>
, Plate XXVI, fig. 6). Our collections confirm this ochraceous to dirty isabelline color of the hymenophore of 
<taxonomicName id="C0256777F7710814B420A4DBAB2A691A" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hydnaceae" genus="Cantharellus" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="C. densifolius" order="Cantharellales" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="densifolius">C. densifolius</taxonomicName>
, even when still relatively young, whereas the hymenophore color is more variable in 
<taxonomicName id="C2BB71332F670FF23A5677B8D6CA6820" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hydnaceae" genus="Cantharellus" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="C. luteopunctatus" order="Cantharellales" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="luteopunctatus">C. luteopunctatus</taxonomicName>
due to the translucent context above. The hymenophore of 
<taxonomicName id="8CFB40DB2071FC4501F7DEDEDBC01935" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hydnaceae" genus="Cantharellus" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="C. luteopunctatus" order="Cantharellales" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="luteopunctatus">C. luteopunctatus</taxonomicName>
is pure white when young, but it may also have pinkish tinges when the pileus surface is still densely covered by pinkish brown squamae, and then becomes more yellowish (which is the color mentioned in the original description) with maturation due to the yellowing context and absence of squamae over the expanded pileus margin. As in 
<taxonomicName id="2A65593FAC0AB85718D1BA5ED208510E" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hydnaceae" genus="Cantharellus" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="C. densifolius" order="Cantharellales" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="densifolius">C. densifolius</taxonomicName>
, the yellowing can be of variable intensity; for instance, the exposed context of TH 10442 is more strongly chrome yellow than that of the epitype (Fig. 5a).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D66CD8B3D7BF9FE8C77E5D004E0A3933" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
Other considerable differences between 
<taxonomicName id="7E2D32C52BEF2B9F917FDE817E81F40B" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hydnaceae" genus="Cantharellus" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="C. luteopunctatus" order="Cantharellales" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="luteopunctatus">C. luteopunctatus</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="44BE296D5C07AAC3188AF6CA794798B6" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hydnaceae" genus="Cantharellus" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="C. densifolius" order="Cantharellales" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="densifolius">C. densifolius</taxonomicName>
include the surface structures of the pileus and stipe. In 
<taxonomicName id="D73FCDD6AE8A9EA2D317B2F5F266D6B9" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hydnaceae" genus="Cantharellus" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="C. luteopunctatus" order="Cantharellales" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="luteopunctatus">C. luteopunctatus</taxonomicName>
, distinct central pileal squamae are erect, flesh brown to pinkish brown, and strongly separated and paler toward the margin. The pinkish color of the squamae was also mentioned in the original description of 
<bibRefCitation id="D6705FE5B36CCB9838DC6A6BC1CA370A" author="Heinemann, P" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin du jardin botanique de l'Etat Bruxelles" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" pagination="385 - 438" title="Champignons recoltes au Congo Belge par Madame Goossens-Fontana. III. Cantharellineae." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/3667153" volume="28" year="1958">Heinemann (1958)</bibRefCitation>
. In contrast, the pileus surface of 
<taxonomicName id="E72BEFCE64930F8EAC9A90D9B882CAEF" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hydnaceae" genus="Cantharellus" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="C. densifolius" order="Cantharellales" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="densifolius">C. densifolius</taxonomicName>
is a continuous tomentum that lacks a pinkish flesh color and is woolly-fibrous, before breaking up concentrically in appressed fragments. Furthermore, in 
<taxonomicName id="FF174BD09CB9879A83889A6AE434FC4D" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hydnaceae" genus="Cantharellus" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="C. luteopunctatus" order="Cantharellales" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="luteopunctatus">C. luteopunctatus</taxonomicName>
the upper stipe surface has the same squamae as the pileus center, whereas in 
<taxonomicName id="68109E26348F77B9AF6D3AD0553F331B" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hydnaceae" genus="Cantharellus" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="C. densifolius" order="Cantharellales" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="densifolius">C. densifolius</taxonomicName>
the stipe surface is smooth (compare Figs 2, 4, 5).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C7515B89D2BC78A686431E12CAD513BA" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
Micromorphologically, the basidiospores are nearly identical in both species (Table 1), but the pileipellis differs dramatically. In 
<taxonomicName id="E2FE8C0A190FF5CC8A5C7491D75F9A0F" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hydnaceae" genus="Cantharellus" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="C. luteopunctatus" order="Cantharellales" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="luteopunctatus">C. luteopunctatus</taxonomicName>
the pileipellis is composed of fascicles of thin- to slightly thick-walled hyphae (corresponding to the erect squamae) that are recognizable on the background of more or less parallel, thin-walled hyphae of the interstitial surface, whereas in 
<taxonomicName id="CC90287AE8F24FF0540121C17BCE709C" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hydnaceae" genus="Cantharellus" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="C. densifolius" order="Cantharellales" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="densifolius">C. densifolius</taxonomicName>
, the thicker-walled hyphae are not organized in fascicles. Moreover, in the latter species the distal cells of these thick-walled hyphae are much more undulate-sinuous in outline and narrower than those of 
<taxonomicName id="882EFB591AC28B23795A0332A7AF0D8C" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hydnaceae" genus="Cantharellus" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="C. luteopunctatus" order="Cantharellales" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="luteopunctatus">C. luteopunctatus</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="501B81DC9F83E69C9B28D5E3D89ABF01" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
A final remark concerns the edibility of these Central African chanterelles: In Cameroon 
<taxonomicName id="0EB597D73D4D3F0F331E6161E31E7C41" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hydnaceae" genus="Cantharellus" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="C. luteopunctatus" order="Cantharellales" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="luteopunctatus">C. luteopunctatus</taxonomicName>
basidiomata are mild-flavored and consumed by the indigenous Baka, while 
<taxonomicName id="10637B42FD9F43481574DE59AB051268" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hydnaceae" genus="Cantharellus" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="C. densifolius" order="Cantharellales" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="densifolius">C. densifolius</taxonomicName>
slowly develops a very strong bitterness and is not consumed by the Baka (T. Henkel, pers. obs.). While the bitter taste was also noted in the original description (
<bibRefCitation id="B7C439FE11E5ABAF76DAFFC13BF09555" author="Heinemann, P" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin du jardin botanique de l'Etat Bruxelles" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" pagination="385 - 438" title="Champignons recoltes au Congo Belge par Madame Goossens-Fontana. III. Cantharellineae." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/3667153" volume="28" year="1958">Heinemann 1958</bibRefCitation>
), the first author did not detect bitterness for 
<taxonomicName id="C15929C6B4D18F7EB9B2C7DEC2516C60" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hydnaceae" genus="Cantharellus" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="C. densifolius" order="Cantharellales" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="densifolius">C. densifolius</taxonomicName>
specimens from the Central African Republic.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>