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<document id="FDB05BDCAF7D0558184697EC3C94C4D8" ID-DOI="10.1111/j.1096-3642.2010.00690.x" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5440663" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630450091946" checkinUser="valdenar" docAuthor="Krishnankutty, Sindhu M. &amp; Dietrich, Christopher H." docDate="2011" docId="D929AD54196DC51AF906FD2EFEF1F8D4" docLanguage="en" docName="j.1096-3642.2010.00690.x.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 162 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2010.00690.x" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FBF0BF18BB2B256F1F8008F27D80BF37.3:ZoolJLinnSoc.2010-2016.journal_article" docStyleId="FBF0BF18BB2B256F1F8008F27D80BF37" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2010-2016.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Nesocerus FREYTAG &amp; KNIGHT 1966" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="503" masterDocId="2510D52C196CC51EFA58FFDAFFB7FFBB" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision and phylogeny of an endemic leafhopper genus Nesocerus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Idiocerinae) from Madagascar" masterLastPageNumber="543" masterPageNumber="499" pageNumber="500" updateTime="1699274970543" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="EDA75A89FB5F5822464B96C82E496FB5">Taxonomic revision and phylogeny of an endemic leafhopper genus Nesocerus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Idiocerinae) from Madagascar</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9582AD3ECFE87DDDB9D57641D320976F">Krishnankutty, Sindhu M.</mods:namePart>
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<subSubSection id="199A4FC9196DC51FF906FD2EFACAFCB1" box="[862,1405,756,778]" pageId="1" pageNumber="500" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="513F1C42196DC51FF906FD2EFACAFCB1" blockId="1.[862,1405,756,778]" box="[862,1405,756,778]" pageId="1" pageNumber="500">
<heading id="0A77AB2E196DC51FF906FD2EFACAFCB1" box="[862,1405,756,778]" centered="true" fontSize="8" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="500" reason="8">
GENUS
<taxonomicName id="968067C1196DC51FF9EFFD2FFACAFCB1" ID-CoL="8HN2T" authority="FREYTAG &amp; KNIGHT, 1966" authorityName="FREYTAG &amp; KNIGHT" authorityYear="1966" box="[951,1405,756,778]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Nesocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="500" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="63F4C050196DC51FF9EFFD2FFBF7FCB3" box="[951,1088,757,778]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="500">NESOCERUS</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="351161B3196DC51FFE13FD2FFACAFCB1" author="Freytag PH &amp; Knight WJ" box="[1099,1405,756,778]" pageId="1" pageNumber="500" pagination="75 - 103" refId="ref27130" refString="Freytag PH, Knight WJ. 1966. The Idiocerinae of Madagascar (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). Annales De La Societe Entomologique De France 2: 75 - 103." type="journal article" year="1966">FREYTAG &amp; KNIGHT, 1966</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="513F1C42196DC51FF962FCC1FB9FFCF4" blockId="1.[826,1441,795,847]" pageId="1" pageNumber="500">
<typeStatus id="8E3BA2E0196DC51FF962FCC1FCC6FC8B" box="[826,881,795,816]" pageId="1" pageNumber="500">Type</typeStatus>
species
<taxonomicName id="968067C1196DC51FF98AFCC6FACEFC8A" authority=", Freytag &amp; Knight" authorityName="Freytag &amp; Knight" box="[978,1401,795,817]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Nesocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="500" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spurus">
<emphasis id="63F4C050196DC51FF98AFCC6FB2EFC8A" box="[978,1177,796,817]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="500">Nesocerus spurus</emphasis>
, Freytag &amp; Knight
</taxonomicName>
, by original designation.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="513F1C42196DC51FF962FC5CFC0CFC20" blockId="1.[826,1442,902,1903]" box="[826,955,902,923]" pageId="1" pageNumber="500">
<emphasis id="63F4C050196DC51FF962FC5CFC0CFC20" box="[826,955,902,923]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="500">Description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="513F1C42196DC51FF962FC7EFAE8FC01" blockId="1.[826,1442,902,1903]" box="[826,1375,932,954]" pageId="1" pageNumber="500">
Length of male,
<quantity id="9678B1A7196DC51FF9A4FC7EFB26FC01" box="[1020,1169,932,954]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.925" metricValueMax="6.6" metricValueMin="3.25" pageId="1" pageNumber="500" unit="mm" value="4.925" valueMax="6.6" valueMin="3.25">3.25–6.6 mm</quantity>
; female,
<quantity id="9678B1A7196DC51FFEA4FC7EFAECFC01" box="[1276,1371,932,954]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="500" unit="mm" value="5.5" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="4.0">4–7 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="513F1C42196DC51FF90BFC19FB13FBE8" blockId="1.[826,1442,902,1903]" pageId="1" pageNumber="500">Ochraceous with black markings on crown, pronotum, mesonotum, and face. Forewings with basal half fuscous, with markings along middle or costal margin. Leg yellowish or stramineous; usually with black markings along margins.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="513F1C42196DC51FF90BFB86FC7EF96E" blockId="1.[826,1442,902,1903]" pageId="1" pageNumber="500">
Head wider than pronotum. Length of scutum almost equal to combined length of crown and pronotum. Head, pronotum, and scutum shagreened. Antennae not expanded apically or subapically. Ocelli on face equidistant from imaginary midline and inner margin of compound eye. Frontoclypeus wider than length. Laterofrontal sutures extending to corresponding ocellus, more or less straight. Clypeogenal suture not reaching antennal ledge. Lorum not extending to apex of clypellus; usually separated from facial margin throughout length. Clypellus usually constricted at middle. Pronotum with hind margin straight. Forewings with three apical cells bordering broad appendix; with two subapical cells, first cell open, second cell open or closed; clavus with two veins. Hind femur setal formula 2 + 1 (in
<taxonomicName id="968067C1196DC51FF962F99CFBA1F9E0" authority="Krishnankutty &amp; Dietrich, 2011" authorityName="Krishnankutty &amp; Dietrich" authorityYear="2011" box="[826,1046,1606,1627]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Nesocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="500" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serratus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="63F4C050196DC51FF962F99CFBA1F9E0" box="[826,1046,1606,1627]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="500">Nesocerus serratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="78C77D2B196DC51FFE7EF99CFB34F9E0" box="[1062,1155,1606,1627]" pageId="1" pageNumber="500" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
2 + 0). Hind tibia flattened. Hind tarsomere I without dorsoapical setae, with two ventral longitudinal rows of short setae, pecten with lateral setae longer than platellae (
<figureCitation id="C9BB00C7196DC51FF91AF91AFC0BF96E" box="[834,956,1728,1750]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[164,243,959,978]" captionTargetBox="[220,725,202,925]" captionTargetId="figure-524@5.[216,729,197,929]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Hind tarsomere I of Nesocerus. A, ventral and B, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5440667" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5440667/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="500">Fig. 2A, B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="513F1C42196DC51FF90BF904FA17F8D4" blockId="1.[826,1442,902,1903]" pageId="1" pageNumber="500">Male pygofer with long or short posterodorsal process; posterolateral margin with setae; dorsolateral fold absent. Anal segment loosely attached to pygofer. Subgenital plate dorsoventrally flattened, longer than pygofer; in ventral aspect narrowed</paragraph>
<caption id="05FF4CCA196EC51CFAC8F8C1FB80F8D3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5440665" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5440665" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5440665/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="501" startId="2.[144,223,1819,1838]" targetBox="[201,1368,194,1786]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="513F1C42196EC51CFAC8F8C1FB80F8D3" blockId="2.[144,1421,1819,1897]" pageId="2" pageNumber="501">
<emphasis id="63F4C050196EC51CFAC8F8C1FF4FF895" bold="true" box="[144,248,1819,1838]" pageId="2" pageNumber="501">Figure 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="968067C1196EC51CFB5CF8C1FE15F895" box="[260,418,1819,1838]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Nesocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="501" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="63F4C050196EC51CFB5CF8C1FEDBF896" box="[260,364,1819,1837]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="501">Nesocerus</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
, dorsal habitus &amp; face. Holotypes, A–J; A, B,
<taxonomicName id="968067C1196EC51CF9D6F8C1FAFDF895" authority="Freytag &amp; Knight." authorityName="Freytag &amp; Knight." box="[910,1354,1819,1838]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Nesocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="501" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acuminatus">
<emphasis id="63F4C050196EC51CF9D6F8C1FBCEF896" box="[910,1145,1819,1837]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="501">Nesocerus acuminatus</emphasis>
Freytag &amp; Knight.
</taxonomicName>
; C, D,
<taxonomicName id="968067C1196EC51CFAC8F8E3FDA2F8F0" authority="Freytag &amp; Knight" authorityName="Freytag &amp; Knight" authorityYear="1966" box="[144,533,1848,1867]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Nesocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="501" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chelatus">
<emphasis id="63F4C050196EC51CFAC8F8E3FEE3F8F0" box="[144,340,1848,1867]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="501">Nesocerus chelatus</emphasis>
Freytag &amp; Knight
</taxonomicName>
; E, F,
<taxonomicName id="968067C1196EC51CF801F8E3FC0AF8F0" authority="(Evans)" baseAuthorityName="Evans" box="[601,957,1848,1867]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Nesocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="501" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clavopunctatus">
<emphasis id="63F4C050196EC51CF801F8E3FCD3F8F0" box="[601,868,1848,1867]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="501">Nesocerus clavopunctatus</emphasis>
(Evans)
</taxonomicName>
; G, H,
<taxonomicName id="968067C1196EC51CFE5EF8E3FA3EF8F0" authority="(Evans)" baseAuthorityName="Evans" box="[1030,1417,1848,1867]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Nesocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="501" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="madagascariensis">
<emphasis id="63F4C050196EC51CFE5EF8E3FA87F8F0" box="[1030,1328,1848,1867]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="501">Nesocerus madagascariensis</emphasis>
(Evans)
</taxonomicName>
; I, J,
<taxonomicName id="968067C1196EC51CFA9CF88CFDF0F8D3" authority="Freytag &amp; Knight" authorityName="Freytag &amp; Knight" box="[196,583,1877,1897]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Nesocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="501" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spurus">
<emphasis id="63F4C050196EC51CFA9CF88CFECBF8D3" box="[196,380,1878,1896]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="501">Nesocerus spurus</emphasis>
Freytag &amp; Knight
</taxonomicName>
; K, L, female of
<taxonomicName id="968067C1196EC51CF8A6F88CFB80F8D3" authority="Freytag &amp; Knight." authorityName="Freytag &amp; Knight." box="[766,1079,1877,1897]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Nesocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="501" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spurus">
<emphasis id="63F4C050196EC51CF8A6F88CFCD0F8D3" box="[766,871,1878,1896]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="501">N. spurus</emphasis>
Freytag &amp; Knight.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="05FF4CCA196FC51DFAFCFF12FB9BFF61" box="[164,1068,200,219]" pageId="3" pageNumber="502" startId="3.[164,228,200,219]">
<paragraph id="513F1C42196FC51DFAFCFF12FB9BFF61" blockId="3.[164,1068,200,219]" box="[164,1068,200,219]" pageId="3" pageNumber="502">
<emphasis id="63F4C050196FC51DFAFCFF12FF49FF60" bold="true" box="[164,254,200,219]" pageId="3" pageNumber="502">Table 1.</emphasis>
Morphological characters and states for phylogenetic analysis of
<taxonomicName id="968067C1196FC51DF99CFF12FB9BFF61" authorityName="FREYTAG &amp; KNIGHT" authorityYear="1966" box="[964,1068,200,218]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Nesocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="502" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Nesocerus</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="513F1C42196FC51DFAFCFEDEFF6BFEAC" blockId="3.[164,1441,260,1889]" box="[164,220,260,279]" pageId="3" pageNumber="502">Head</paragraph>
<paragraph id="513F1C42196FC51DFA9FFEF8FCC7FE8F" blockId="3.[164,1441,260,1889]" box="[199,880,289,309]" pageId="3" pageNumber="502">1 Microsculpture of head: 0, shagreened; 1, striate</paragraph>
<paragraph id="513F1C42196FC51DFA9FFEE5FC14FEE9" blockId="3.[164,1441,260,1889]" box="[199,931,319,338]" pageId="3" pageNumber="502">2 Microsculpture of pronotum: 0, shagreened; 1, striate</paragraph>
<paragraph id="513F1C42196FC51DFA9FFE86FC14FED4" blockId="3.[164,1441,260,1889]" box="[199,931,348,367]" pageId="3" pageNumber="502">3 Presence of produced pronotum: 0, present; 1, absent</paragraph>
<paragraph id="513F1C42196FC51DFA9FFEA3FD65FE12" blockId="3.[164,1441,260,1889]" pageId="3" pageNumber="502">4 Markings on pronotum: 0, single spot; 1, pair of spots along imaginary transverse line; 2, mottled; 3, longitudinal bands; 4, absent</paragraph>
<paragraph id="513F1C42196FC51DFA9FFE6EFCF6FE7C" blockId="3.[164,1441,260,1889]" box="[199,833,436,455]" pageId="3" pageNumber="502">5 Lateral spot on vertex: 0, absent; 1, present</paragraph>
<paragraph id="513F1C42196FC51DFA9FFE0BFC9CFE5F" blockId="3.[164,1441,260,1889]" box="[199,811,465,484]" pageId="3" pageNumber="502">6 Laterofrontal suture: 0, present; 1, absent</paragraph>
<paragraph id="513F1C42196FC51DFA9FFE35FC41FDBA" blockId="3.[164,1441,260,1889]" box="[199,1014,494,514]" pageId="3" pageNumber="502">7 Laterofrontal suture: 0, reaching ocelli; 1, not reaching ocelli</paragraph>
<paragraph id="513F1C42196FC51DFA9FFDD6FB0FFDA4" blockId="3.[164,1441,260,1889]" box="[199,1208,524,543]" pageId="3" pageNumber="502">8 Clypeogenal suture extending to antennal ledge: 0, extending; 1, not extending</paragraph>
<paragraph id="513F1C42196FC51DFA9FFDF3FBE6FD87" blockId="3.[164,1441,260,1889]" box="[199,1105,553,572]" pageId="3" pageNumber="502">9 Setae on genal margin just ventrad of each eye: 0, absent; 1, present</paragraph>
<paragraph id="513F1C42196FC51DFAE2FD9CFD6CFDE2" blockId="3.[164,1441,260,1889]" box="[186,731,582,602]" pageId="3" pageNumber="502">10 Genae narrow: 0, narrow; 1, broad</paragraph>
<paragraph id="513F1C42196FC51DFAE2FDBEFB75FDCD" blockId="3.[164,1441,260,1889]" box="[186,1218,611,631]" pageId="3" pageNumber="502">11 Median width of lora: 0, same as midwidth of clypellus; 1, narrower; 2, broader</paragraph>
<paragraph id="513F1C42196FC51DFAE2FD5BFB15FD2F" blockId="3.[164,1441,260,1889]" box="[186,1186,641,660]" pageId="3" pageNumber="502">12 Lorum apex: 0, widely separated from genal margin; 1, not widely separated</paragraph>
<paragraph id="513F1C42196FC51DFAE2FD44FB36FD0A" blockId="3.[164,1441,260,1889]" box="[186,1153,670,689]" pageId="3" pageNumber="502">13 Shape of lora: 0, hemispherical; 1, almost straight (apex not well defined)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="513F1C42196FC51DFAE2FD61FCEFFD75" blockId="3.[164,1441,260,1889]" box="[186,856,699,719]" pageId="3" pageNumber="502">14 Median marking on lora: 0, present; 1, absent</paragraph>
<paragraph id="513F1C42196FC51DFAE2FD02FD50FC9D" blockId="3.[164,1441,260,1889]" pageId="3" pageNumber="502">15 Position of maxillary sensory pit: 0, slightly above diagonal line from clypellus suture to lora; 1, in diagonal from clypellus suture; 2, below diagonal line from clypellus suture to lora; 3, at lowermost part of maxillary plate</paragraph>
<paragraph id="513F1C42196FC51DFAE2FCEAFAA3FCF8" blockId="3.[164,1441,260,1889]" box="[186,1300,816,836]" pageId="3" pageNumber="502">16 Base of clypellus: 0, as broad as apex or preapex; 1, narrower than apex; 2, wider base</paragraph>
<paragraph id="513F1C42196FC51DFAE2FC94FA9AFCDA" blockId="3.[164,1441,260,1889]" box="[186,1325,846,865]" pageId="3" pageNumber="502">17 Posterior region of clypellus: 0, not depressed; 1, slightly depressed; 2, strongly depressed</paragraph>
<paragraph id="513F1C42196FC51DFAE2FCB1FC8DFCC5" blockId="3.[164,1441,260,1889]" box="[186,826,875,894]" pageId="3" pageNumber="502">18 Clypellar suture: 0, complete; 1, incomplete</paragraph>
<paragraph id="513F1C42196FC51DFAFCFC53FF7CFC27" blockId="3.[164,1441,260,1889]" box="[164,203,905,924]" pageId="3" pageNumber="502">Leg</paragraph>
<paragraph id="513F1C42196FC51DFAE2FC7FFD45FC03" blockId="3.[164,1441,260,1889]" box="[186,754,932,953]" pageId="3" pageNumber="502">19 Hind setae formula: 0, 2 + 0; 1, 2 + 1</paragraph>
<paragraph id="513F1C42196FC51DFAE2FC19FC22FC6D" blockId="3.[164,1441,260,1889]" box="[186,917,963,982]" pageId="3" pageNumber="502">20 Basal processes of tibial spine: 0, absent; 1, present</paragraph>
<paragraph id="513F1C42196FC51DFAE2FC3AFBEBFC48" blockId="3.[164,1441,260,1889]" box="[186,1116,992,1011]" pageId="3" pageNumber="502">21 Number of dorsoapical setae on first hind tarsomere: 0, two; 1, absent</paragraph>
<paragraph id="513F1C42196FC51DFAE2FC27FAD8FBAB" blockId="3.[164,1441,260,1889]" box="[186,1391,1021,1041]" pageId="3" pageNumber="502">22 Presence of two longitudinal rows of ventral setae on first hind tarsomere: 0, present; 1, absent</paragraph>
<paragraph id="513F1C42196FC51DFAE2FBC1FE77FBF0" blockId="3.[164,1441,260,1889]" pageId="3" pageNumber="502">23 Pecten of first hind tarsomere with lateral setae longer than median ones: 0, longer; 1, almost same length</paragraph>
<paragraph id="513F1C42196FC51DFAE2FB8FFBA6FBD3" blockId="3.[164,1441,260,1889]" box="[186,1041,1109,1128]" pageId="3" pageNumber="502">24 Shape of hind tibia: 0, flattened; 1, rectangular in cross section</paragraph>
<paragraph id="513F1C42196FC51DFAFCFBA8FEB1FB3E" blockId="3.[164,1441,260,1889]" box="[164,262,1138,1157]" pageId="3" pageNumber="502">Forewing</paragraph>
<paragraph id="513F1C42196FC51DFAE2FB55FC55FB19" blockId="3.[164,1441,260,1889]" box="[186,994,1167,1187]" pageId="3" pageNumber="502">25 Number of apical cells bordering appendix: 0, two; 1, three</paragraph>
<paragraph id="513F1C42196FC51DFAE2FB77FD51FB7B" blockId="3.[164,1441,260,1889]" box="[186,742,1197,1216]" pageId="3" pageNumber="502">26 Subapical cell: 0, present; 1, absent</paragraph>
<paragraph id="513F1C42196FC51DFAE2FB10FC15FB66" blockId="3.[164,1441,260,1889]" box="[186,930,1226,1245]" pageId="3" pageNumber="502">27 Presence of third subapical cell: 0, absent; 1, present</paragraph>
<paragraph id="513F1C42196FC51DFAE2FB3DFC09FB41" blockId="3.[164,1441,260,1889]" box="[186,958,1255,1274]" pageId="3" pageNumber="502">28 Forewing with third apical cell: 0, parallel; 1, diverging</paragraph>
<paragraph id="513F1C42196FC51DFAE2FADFFBD1FAA3" blockId="3.[164,1441,260,1889]" box="[186,1126,1285,1304]" pageId="3" pageNumber="502">29 Forewing with second apical cell: 0, diverging; 1, parallel; 2 converging</paragraph>
<paragraph id="513F1C42196FC51DFAE2FAF8FC83FA8E" blockId="3.[164,1441,260,1889]" box="[186,820,1314,1333]" pageId="3" pageNumber="502">30 Presence of appendix: 0, present; 1, absent</paragraph>
<paragraph id="513F1C42196FC51DFAFCFAE5FE89FAE9" blockId="3.[164,1441,260,1889]" box="[164,318,1343,1362]" pageId="3" pageNumber="502">Male genitalia</paragraph>
<paragraph id="513F1C42196FC51DFAE2FA87FCD3FACB" blockId="3.[164,1441,260,1889]" box="[186,868,1372,1392]" pageId="3" pageNumber="502">31 Anal collar: 0, present wide; 1, present, narrow</paragraph>
<paragraph id="513F1C42196FC51DFAE2FAA0FC2BFA36" blockId="3.[164,1441,260,1889]" box="[186,924,1402,1421]" pageId="3" pageNumber="502">32 Ventra extension of anal collar: 0, present; 1, absent</paragraph>
<paragraph id="513F1C42196FC51DFAE2FA4DFC2EFA11" blockId="3.[164,1441,260,1889]" box="[186,921,1431,1450]" pageId="3" pageNumber="502">33 Setae on pygofer: 0, absent or very short; 1, present</paragraph>
<paragraph id="513F1C42196FC51DFAE2FA6EFD40FA73" blockId="3.[164,1441,260,1889]" box="[186,759,1460,1480]" pageId="3" pageNumber="502">34 Pygofer process: 0, absent; 1, present</paragraph>
<paragraph id="513F1C42196FC51DFAE2FA0BFD40F9A4" blockId="3.[164,1441,260,1889]" pageId="3" pageNumber="502">35 Shape of pygofer process: 0, posterodorsal, falcate, elongate; 1, posterodorsal falcate with ventral process; 2, tooth-like; 3, basiventral arising dorsally; 4, basiventral arising ventrally, apex curved; 5, posteroventral, extending dorsad</paragraph>
<paragraph id="513F1C42196FC51DFAE2F9F3FB91F987" blockId="3.[164,1441,260,1889]" box="[186,1062,1577,1597]" pageId="3" pageNumber="502">36 Orientation of tooth-like process: 0, posterad; 1, mesad; 2, dorsad</paragraph>
<paragraph id="513F1C42196FC51DFAE2F99DFDA3F92F" blockId="3.[164,1441,260,1889]" pageId="3" pageNumber="502">37 Apex of posterodorsal process: 0, elongate, attenuate; 1, elongate, blunt tip; 2, abruptly tapered and hooked; 3, distinctly bent ventromesad; 4, short and broad; 5, forked; 6, curved ventrad with dorsal process</paragraph>
<paragraph id="513F1C42196FC51DFAE2F944FCC9F909" blockId="3.[164,1441,260,1889]" box="[186,894,1694,1714]" pageId="3" pageNumber="502">38 Macrosetae subgenital plate: 0, absent; 1, present</paragraph>
<paragraph id="513F1C42196FC51DFAE2F966FCA8F957" blockId="3.[164,1441,260,1889]" pageId="3" pageNumber="502">39 Position of macrosetae: 0, submarginal; 1, mesal; 2, both submarginal and mesal; 3, median; 4, restricted to base; 5; restricted to apex</paragraph>
<paragraph id="513F1C42196FC51DFAE2F92CFE59F89D" blockId="3.[164,1441,260,1889]" pageId="3" pageNumber="502">40 Submarginal macrosetae: 0, extending more than half of length of subgenital plate; 1, restricted to apical half</paragraph>
<paragraph id="513F1C42196FC51DFAE2F8EBFBC9F8FF" blockId="3.[164,1441,260,1889]" box="[186,1150,1841,1860]" pageId="3" pageNumber="502">41 Submarginal row of macrosetae: 0, biseriate or multiseriate; 1, uniseriate</paragraph>
<paragraph id="513F1C42196FC51DFAE2F894FB8AF8DA" blockId="3.[164,1441,260,1889]" box="[186,1085,1870,1889]" pageId="3" pageNumber="502">42 Mesal row extending: 0, extending beyond half; 1, restricted to half</paragraph>
<caption id="05FF4CCA1968C51AFAC8FF13FED5FF67" box="[144,354,201,220]" isContinuationCaption="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503" startId="4.[144,208,201,220]">
<paragraph id="513F1C421968C51AFAC8FF13FED5FF67" blockId="4.[144,354,201,220]" box="[144,354,201,220]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">
<emphasis id="63F4C0501968C51AFAC8FF13FF5DFF67" bold="true" box="[144,234,201,220]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Table 1.</emphasis>
Continued
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="513F1C421968C51AFAFEFEDEFC11FEAC" blockId="4.[166,1414,260,1070]" box="[166,934,260,280]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">43 Truncate apex of subgenital plate: 0, present; 1, absent</paragraph>
<paragraph id="513F1C421968C51AFAFEFEF8FBAFFE8F" blockId="4.[166,1414,260,1070]" box="[166,1048,289,309]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">44 Apex of subgenital plate: 0, abruptly curved dorsad; 1, not curved</paragraph>
<paragraph id="513F1C421968C51AFAFEFEE5FD65FEE9" blockId="4.[166,1414,260,1070]" box="[166,722,319,338]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">45 Fine setae: 0, present long; 1, short</paragraph>
<paragraph id="513F1C421968C51AFAFEFE86FAAAFED4" blockId="4.[166,1414,260,1070]" box="[166,1309,348,367]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">46 Lobe that attaches to style: 0, well developed and produced; 1, poorly developed or absent</paragraph>
<paragraph id="513F1C421968C51AFAFEFEA3FB32FE37" blockId="4.[166,1414,260,1070]" box="[166,1157,377,396]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">47 Subgenital plate: 0, dorsoventrally compressed; 1, dorsolaterally compressed</paragraph>
<paragraph id="513F1C421968C51AFAFEFE4DFAA8FE12" blockId="4.[166,1414,260,1070]" box="[166,1311,406,426]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">48 Mesal margin of subgenital plate expanded or pointed at the middle: 0, present; 1, absent</paragraph>
<paragraph id="513F1C421968C51AFAFEFE6EFC0BFE7C" blockId="4.[166,1414,260,1070]" box="[166,956,436,455]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">49 Style apodeme: 0, narrow 1, broad and ray-like markings</paragraph>
<paragraph id="513F1C421968C51AFAFEFE0BFB67FDBA" blockId="4.[166,1414,260,1070]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">50 Style apex: 0, acute; 1, acuminate; 2, hooked; 3, foot-like; 4, broad, abruptly curved dorsad with processes; 5, broad with ventral process; 6, hooked ventrad; 7, expanded apically</paragraph>
<paragraph id="513F1C421968C51AFAFEFDD1FC70FDA4" blockId="4.[166,1414,260,1070]" box="[166,967,523,543]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">51 Lateral lobe on inner margin of style: 0, absent 1, present</paragraph>
<paragraph id="513F1C421968C51AFAFEFDF3FB03FD87" blockId="4.[166,1414,260,1070]" box="[166,1204,553,572]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">52 Presence of long setae on style: 0, present; 1, absent; 2, present on dorsal hump</paragraph>
<paragraph id="513F1C421968C51AFAFEFD9CFCACFDE2" blockId="4.[166,1414,260,1070]" box="[166,795,582,602]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">53 Spines on style apex: 0, present; 1, absent</paragraph>
<paragraph id="513F1C421968C51AFAFEFDB9FDCCFD2F" blockId="4.[166,1414,260,1070]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">54 Presence of short setae on style: 0, present along dorsal or dorsolateral margin; 1, present along ventral surface; 2, absent</paragraph>
<paragraph id="513F1C421968C51AFAFEFD44FBF1FD0A" blockId="4.[166,1414,260,1070]" box="[166,1094,670,689]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">55 Texture of ventral margin of apophysis of style: 0, smooth; 1, serrated</paragraph>
<paragraph id="513F1C421968C51AFAFEFD61FD7DFCB2" blockId="4.[166,1414,260,1070]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">56 Presence of spine on ventral margin of style posterad of joint with connective: 0, present; 1, absent 57 Connective 0, V-shaped; 1, U-shaped; 2, U-shaped with short median arm; 3, T-shaped with long arm; 4, T-shaped with short arm</paragraph>
<paragraph id="513F1C421968C51AFAFEFCC9FB1AFC9D" blockId="4.[166,1414,260,1070]" box="[166,1197,787,806]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">58 Anterior margin of U-shaped connective: 0, deeply concave; 1, narrowly concave</paragraph>
<paragraph id="513F1C421968C51AFAFEFCEAFC45FCF8" blockId="4.[166,1414,260,1070]" box="[166,1010,816,835]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">59 Connection of aedeagus with connective: 0, articulate; 1, fused</paragraph>
<paragraph id="513F1C421968C51AFAFEFC94FC9BFCDA" blockId="4.[166,1414,260,1070]" box="[166,812,846,865]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">60 Keel on connective: 0, absent; 1, two; 2, one</paragraph>
<paragraph id="513F1C421968C51AFAFEFCB1FBA9FCC5" blockId="4.[166,1414,260,1070]" box="[166,1054,875,894]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">61 Presence of anterior projection on connective: 0, absent; 1, present</paragraph>
<paragraph id="513F1C421968C51AFAFEFC52FBF2FC20" blockId="4.[166,1414,260,1070]" box="[166,1093,904,924]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">62 Presence of apical processes: 0, present; 1, absent; 2, reduced to spine</paragraph>
<paragraph id="513F1C421968C51AFAFEFC7FFDB0FC6D" blockId="4.[166,1414,260,1070]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">63 Number of apical processes: 0, paired symmetrical; 1, paired asymmetrical; 2, two pairs; 3, more than two pairs</paragraph>
<paragraph id="513F1C421968C51AFAFEFC3AFD9BFBAA" blockId="4.[166,1414,260,1070]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">64 Position of gonopore with respect to that of apical processes: 0, above processes or at extreme apex; 1, below processes</paragraph>
<paragraph id="513F1C421968C51AFAFEFBC0FE28FA06" blockId="4.[166,1414,260,1070]" lastBlockId="4.[144,759,1172,1561]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">65 Aedeagus pustulate: 0, absent; 1, present towards apex, with prominent macrosetae along margin, fine setae long or short, restricted to dorsum of apex and along lateral margin. Style without lateral lobe, apophysis curved dorsally. Connective semicircular with two dorsal keels, T-, V-, or Y-shaped; articulated or fused to basal part of aedeagus. Aedeagus with socle developed or not; shaft cylindrical or laterally compressed, extending dorsad or anterodorsad, with or without apical or basal processes. Gonopore apical or subapical.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="513F1C421968C51AFAF0FA1CFE48F9A3" blockId="4.[144,759,1172,1561]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Female ovipostitor extending beyond pygofer. First valvulae blade-shaped, curved slightly dorsally with strigate dorsal sculptured area.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="513F1C421968C51AFAC8F999FD0AF9E2" blockId="4.[144,701,1603,1625]" box="[144,701,1603,1625]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">
<emphasis id="63F4C0501968C51AFAC8F999FE96F9E3" box="[144,289,1603,1624]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Distribution:</emphasis>
Widely distributed in
<collectingCountry id="29975CD21968C51AF874F999FD0FF9E2" box="[556,696,1603,1625]" name="Madagascar" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="513F1C421968C51AFAC8F959FEF1F8D4" blockId="4.[144,759,1667,1903]" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">
<emphasis id="63F4C0501968C51AFAC8F959FEA7F923" box="[144,272,1667,1688]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="503">Discussion:</emphasis>
The genus can be distinguished by the following combination of characters: forewing with three apical cells bordering appendix; hind tarsomere I without pair of dorsoapical setae, plantar surface of hind tarsomere I with two ventral longitudinal rows of short setae, platellae shorter than lateral setae; subgenital plate depressed with macrosetae on ventral surface.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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