285 lines
35 KiB
XML
285 lines
35 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.735.21697" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4f0fe7b5-a5d5-44ed-be63-d454acf3c0cb" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-735-27" ID-ZBK="502338A66CF74D4E9B548B3615053149" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1313-2970-735-27" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 735" ModsDocTitle="A new species of the genus Pseudocrangonyx (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Pseudocrangonyctidae) from Korea" checkinTime="1517955140286" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Lee, Chi-Woo, Tomikawa, Ko, Nakano, Takafumi & Min, Gi-Sik" docDate="2018" docId="D912B5C4EBE50D067390164A387144EF" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 735: 27-44" docOrigin="ZooKeys 735" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.735.21697" docTitle="Pseudocrangonyx daejeonensis Lee, Tomikawa, Nakano & Min, 2018, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="ECC7F708-DD43-4A48-9458-B6DA59265796" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="36" masterDocId="FFF0FF9B621FFFA9CA4CFF8E5D40FFFC" masterDocTitle="A new species of the genus Pseudocrangonyx (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Pseudocrangonyctidae) from Korea" masterLastPageNumber="44" masterPageNumber="27" pageNumber="30" updateTime="1643522660079" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A new species of the genus Pseudocrangonyx (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Pseudocrangonyctidae) from Korea</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lee, Chi-Woo</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Tomikawa, Ko</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Nakano, Takafumi</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Min, Gi-Sik</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>735</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>27</mods:start>
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<mods:end>44</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.735.21697</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.735.21697</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-735-27</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">502338A66CF74D4E9B548B3615053149</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">502338A66CF74D4E9B548B3615053149</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="141129052" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:ECC7F708-DD43-4A48-9458-B6DA59265796" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D912B5C4EBE50D067390164A387144EF" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="30" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="30">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/ECC7F708-DD43-4A48-9458-B6DA59265796" class="Malacostraca" family="Pseudocrangonyctidae" genus="Pseudocrangonyx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudocrangonyx daejeonensis" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="daejeonensis">Pseudocrangonyx daejeonensis</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="3" pageNumber="30">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="30" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="30">
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Holotype: Female (NNIBRIV1, 3.8 mm), Heukseok-dong (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="36.260834">36°15.65'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="127.3405">127°20.43'E</geoCoordinate>
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), Daejeon, Korea, collected by Lee CW on 31 May 2017. Paratypes: 1 male (NNIBRIV2, 2.7 mm), 1 female (NNIBRIV3, 2.3 mm), 3 females (KUZ Z1924), data same as for holotype.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Etymology. The specific name is an adjective derived from the type locality name of the new species.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">
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Female [NNIBRIV1, 3.8mm]. Head (Fig. 2) with short dorsal setae; rostrum reduced; lateral cephalic lobe rounded; antennal sinus shallow with rounded angle; eyes absent. Dorsal margin of pleonites 1-3 and urosomites 1-2 with setae (Fig. 2). Ventral margin of urosomite 1 without setae (Fig. 2). Ventral margin of epimeral plate 1 with seta, posteroventral corner rounded with seta (Fig. 2); ventral
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<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="31" start="start">and</pageBreakToken>
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posterior margins of plate 2 each with seta, posteroventral corner rounded with seta (Fig. 2); ventral and posterior margins of plate 3 each with 2 setae, posteroventral corner rounded with seta (Fig. 2).
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="31">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="31">
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Figure 2.
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Pseudocrangonyctidae" genus="Pseudocrangonyx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudocrangonyx daejeonensis" order="Amphipoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="daejeonensis">Pseudocrangonyx daejeonensis</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., holotype, female (3.8 mm), NNIBRIV1. Habitus, lateral view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Antenna 1 (Fig. 3A) 0.38 times as long as body length, peduncular articles 1 to 3 in length ratio of 1.0: 0.5: 0.4; accessory flagellum (Fig. 3B) 2-articulate, terminal article with 3 setae and 1 aesthetasc; primary flagellum 10-articulate, 1 aesthetasc on some articles. Antenna 2 (Fig. 3C) 0.58 times as long as antenna 1; flagellum 0.65 times as long as peduncular articles 4 and 5 combined, consisting of 4 articles; calceoli absent.</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="31">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="31">
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Figure 3.
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Pseudocrangonyctidae" genus="Pseudocrangonyx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudocrangonyx daejeonensis" order="Amphipoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="daejeonensis">Pseudocrangonyx daejeonensis</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., holotype, female (3.8 mm):
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="F–K">F-K</normalizedToken>
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paratype female (2.3 mm): E. A antenna 1, lateral view B accessory flagellum of antenna 1, lateral view C antenna 2, medial view D upper lip, anterior view E upper lip, anterior view F left mandible, medial view G incisor, lacinia mobilis, and molar process of left mandible, medial view H incisor and lacinia mobilis of right mandible, medial view I lower lip, ventral view J maxilla 1, dorsal view K maxilla 2, ventral view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Upper lip (Fig. 3D) with rounded anterior margin, bearing fine setae. Mandibles (Fig. 3F, G, H) with left and right incisors with 5- and 4-dentate, respectively; left lacinia mobilis 4-dentate, right lacinia bifid, bearing many teeth; molar process triturative; accessory setal rows of left and right mandibles with 3- and 2- pectinate setae, respectively; palp 3-articulate, article 3 with 1 A-, 7 D-, and 3 E-setae. Lower lip (Fig. 3I) with broad outer lobes with fine setae, mandibular process of outer lobe rounded apically; inner lobes indistinct. Maxilla 1 (Fig. 3J) with inner and outer plates, and palp; inner plate subovate with 2 plumose setae; outer plate subrectangular with 7 serrate teeth apically; palp 2-articulate, longer than outer plate, article 2 with 2 apical robust setae. Maxilla 2 (Fig. 3K) with oblique inner row of 2 setae on inner plate. Maxilliped (Fig. 4A) with inner and outer plates, and palp; inner plate reaching base of palp article 1, with 2 apical robust setae; outer plate not exceeding end of palp article 1, with 2 plumose setae and some medial setae; palp 4-articulate, medial margin of article 2 lined with setae, article 4 with nail.</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="31">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="31">
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Figure 4.
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Pseudocrangonyctidae" genus="Pseudocrangonyx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudocrangonyx daejeonensis" order="Amphipoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="daejeonensis">Pseudocrangonyx daejeonensis</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., holotype, female (3.8 mm). A maxilliped, dorsal view B gnathopod 1, medial view C palmar margin of propodus and dactylus of gnathopod 1, medial view D gnathopod 2, medial view E palmar margin of propodus and dactylus of gnathopod 2, medial view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">
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Gnathopod 1 (Fig. 4B) with subquadrate coxa, bearing setae on its anterodistal and posteroventral corners, width 1.9 times as long as depth; posterior margin of basis with 3 setae; posterodistal corner of carpus with slender setae, some weakly pectinate; propodus stout, subchelate, palmar margin with 3 medial and 3 lateral robust setae; posterior
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<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="32" start="start">margin</pageBreakToken>
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of dactylus dentate (Fig. 4C). Gnathopod 2 (Fig. 4D) with subquadrate coxa, bearing setae on its anterodistal and posteroventral corners, width 1.6 times as long as depth; posterior margin of basis with 4 setae; posterodistal corner of carpus with slender setae, some weakly pectinate; propodus stout, subchelate, palmar margin with 7 medial and 2 lateral robust setae; posterior margin of dactylus dentate (Fig. 4E). Pereopod 3 (Fig. 5A) with subquadrate coxa bearing setae on its anterodistal and posteroventral corners, width 1.6 times as long as depth; anterior and posterior margins of basis with 2 and 4 setae, respectively; merus, carpus, and propodus in length ratio of 1.0: 0.9: 0.8; posterior margin and submargin of dactylus each with seta (Fig. 5B). Pereopod 4 (Fig. 5C) with subquadrate coxa bearing setae on its anterodistal corner, width 1.7 times as long as depth; anterior and posterior margins of basis each with 4 setae; merus, carpus, and propodus in length ratio of 1.0: 0.7: 0.8; posterior margin and submargin of dactylus each with seta (Fig. 5D). Pereopod 5 (Fig. 6A) with weakly bilobed coxa bearing setae on anterior and posterior lobes, width 1.7 times as long as depth; anterior and posterior margins of basis with 4 and 6 setae, respectively; merus, carpus, and propodus in length ratio of 1.0: 0.7: 0.8; anterior margin of dactylus with 2 setae (Fig. 6B). Pereopod 6 (Fig. 6C) with coxa bearing concave lower margin, marginally bare; anterior and posterior margins of basis with 5 and 3 setae, respectively; merus, carpus, and propodus in length ratio of 1.0: 0.8: 0.9; anterior margin of dactylus with 2 setae (Fig. 6D). Pereopod 7 (Fig. 6E) with subtriangular coxa, bearing seta on posteroproximal corner; anterior and posterior margins of basis with 3 and 4 setae, respectively; merus, carpus, and propodus in length ratio of 1.0: 0.8: 1.1; anterior margin of dactylus with 2 setae (Fig. 6F).
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="32">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="32">
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Figure 5.
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Pseudocrangonyctidae" genus="Pseudocrangonyx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudocrangonyx daejeonensis" order="Amphipoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="daejeonensis">Pseudocrangonyx daejeonensis</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., holotype, female (3.8 mm). A pereopod 3, medial view B dactylus of pereopod 3, medial view C pereopod 4, medial view D dactylus of pereopod 4, medial view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="32">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="32">
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Figure 6.
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Pseudocrangonyctidae" genus="Pseudocrangonyx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudocrangonyx daejeonensis" order="Amphipoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="daejeonensis">Pseudocrangonyx daejeonensis</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., holotype, female (3.8 mm). A pereopod 5, medial view B dactylus of pereopod 5, medial view C pereopod 6, medial view D dactylus of pereopod 6, medial view E pereopod 7, lateral view F dactylus of pereopod 7, lateral view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="32">Coxal gills (Figs 4D, 5A, C, 6A, C) on gnathopod 2 and pereopods 3-6; sternal gills absent. Brood plates (Figs 4D, 5A, C, 6A) slender, with numerous setae, on gnathopod 2 and pereopods 3-5.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="32">Peduncle of pleopod 1 (Fig. 7A) with 1 outer marginal and 1 outerdistal seta; peduncle of pleopod 2 (Fig. 7C) with outerdistal seta; peduncle of pleopod 3 (Fig. 7D) lacking marginal and distal setae. Pleopods 1-3 with paired retinacula (Fig. 7B), and lacking bifid setae (clothes-pin setae) on inner basal margin of inner ramus; inner ramus of pleopods 1-3 3-, 3-, and 2-articulate (Fig. 7A, C, D); outer ramus of pleopods 1-3 4-, 3-, and 2-articulate (Fig. 7A, C, D).</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="32">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="32">
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Figure 7.
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Pseudocrangonyctidae" genus="Pseudocrangonyx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudocrangonyx daejeonensis" order="Amphipoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="daejeonensis">Pseudocrangonyx daejeonensis</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., holotype, female (3.8 mm). A pleopod 1, anterior view B retinacula on peduncle of pleopod 1, anterior view C pleopod 2, anterior view D pleopod 3, anterior view E uropod 1, dorsal view F uropod 2, ventral view G uropod 3, dorsal view H telson, ventral view. Plumose setae on pleopodous rami omitted.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="32">Uropod 1 (Fig. 7E) with basofacial seta on peduncle; inner ramus 0.87 times as long as peduncle, inner margin of former with 2 robust setae, outer margin bare, basal part with slender seta; outer ramus 0.63 times as long as inner, marginally bare. Uropod 2 (Fig. 7F) with inner and outer rami; inner ramus 1.10 times as long as peduncle, its inner margin with robust seta, outer margin without setae; outer ramus 0.68 times as long as inner ramus, marginally bare. Uropod 3 (Fig. 7G) with peduncle 0.34 times as long as outer ramus, with 1 robust and 1 slender setae; inner ramus absent; outer ramus 2-articulate, proximal article with robust setae, terminal article 0.32 times as long as proximal article, with 3 distal setae. Telson (Fig. 7H) length 1.3 times as long as wide, cleft for 0.08 times of length, each telson lobe with 2 lateral penicillate setae, 1 apical robust and 1 apical short setae.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="33">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="33" start="start">Male</pageBreakToken>
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[NNIBRIV2, 2.7 mm]. Antenna 1 (Fig. 8A, B) 0.46 times as long as body length, primary flagellum 7-articulate, 1 aesthetasc on some articles. Antenna 2 (Fig. 8C) 0.57 times as long as antenna 1; flagellum 0.72 times as long as peduncular articles 4 and 5 combined, consisting of 4 articles, first 2 of which with calceoli (Fig. 8D).
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="6" pageNumber="33">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="33">
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Figure 8.
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Pseudocrangonyctidae" genus="Pseudocrangonyx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudocrangonyx daejeonensis" order="Amphipoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="daejeonensis">Pseudocrangonyx daejeonensis</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., paratype, male (2.7 mm). A antenna 1, lateral view B accessory flagellum of antenna 1, medial view C antenna 2, lateral view D calceolus of antenna 2, medial view E gnathopod 1, medial view F palmar margin of propodus and dactylus of gnathopod 1, medial view G gnathopod 2, lateral view H palmar margin of propodus and dactylus of gnathopod 2, lateral view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="33">Gnathopod 1 (Fig. 8E) with coxa width 1.84 times as long as depth; palmar margin with 3 medial and 3 lateral robust setae (Fig. 8F). Gnathopod 2 (Fig. 8G) with coxa width 1.66 times as long as depth; palmar margin with 3 medial and 4 lateral robust setae (Fig. 8H).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="33">Uropod 1 (Fig. 9A) with robust seta on inner margin of inner ramus; outer ramus 0.62 times as long as inner. Uropod 2 (Fig. 9B) with 2 serrate and 4 simple robust setae and slender seta at distal part. Uropod 3 (Fig. 9C) with peduncle 0.32 times as long as outer ramus; terminal article of outer ramus 0.5 times as long as proximal article.</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="6" pageNumber="33">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="33">
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Figure 9.
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Pseudocrangonyctidae" genus="Pseudocrangonyx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudocrangonyx daejeonensis" order="Amphipoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="daejeonensis">Pseudocrangonyx daejeonensis</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., paratype, male (2.7 mm).
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
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uropods 1-3, respectively, dorsal views.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="33">Variation. Peduncle of pleopod 1 with or without seta on outer margin.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="33" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="33">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="33">This species is known only from the type locality.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" type="molecular phylogenetic position">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="33">Molecular phylogenetic position.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">
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The BI tree (mean ln L = −14039.10; Fig. 10) for estimating the phylogenetic position of the new species had an identical topology to that of the ML tree (ln L = −14504.12; not shown).
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Pseudocrangonyctidae" genus="Pseudocrangonyx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudocrangonyx daejeonensis" order="Amphipoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="daejeonensis">Pseudocrangonyx daejeonensis</taxonomicName>
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belonged to a well-supported clade (BS = 98 %, PP = 0.99) containing the three phylogroups known from the western parts of Honshu and Shikoku, i.e.,
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Pseudocrangonyctidae" genus="Pseudocrangonyx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudocrangonyx" order="Amphipoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pseudocrangonyx</taxonomicName>
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spp. 3-5. The new
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<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="34" start="start">species</pageBreakToken>
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formed a clade (BS = 91 %, PP = 0.99) with
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Pseudocrangonyctidae" genus="Pseudocrangonyx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudocrangonyx" order="Amphipoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pseudocrangonyx</taxonomicName>
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sp. 3 inhabiting the eastern part of Shiga Prefecture, Japan. Monophyly of the present specimens of
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<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. daejeonensis" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="daejeonensis">P. daejeonensis</taxonomicName>
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was fully-supported (BS = 99 %, PP = 1.0).
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="34">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="34">Figure 10. Bayesian inference tree for 2773 bp of nuclear 28S rRNA, plus histone H3 and mitochondrial COI and 16S rRNA markers. Numbers on nodes represent bootstrap values for maximum likelihood and Bayesian posterior probabilities. Specimen numbers are shown in Table 1.</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="34">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Pseudocrangonyctidae" genus="Pseudocrangonyx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudocrangonyx daejeonensis" order="Amphipoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="daejeonensis">Pseudocrangonyx daejeonensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
is morphologically similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. coreanus" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="coreanus">P. coreanus</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having 1) relatively small body size (smaller than 6 mm), 2) eyes completely absent, 3) carpus of gnathopod 2 without serrate robust setae on posterodistal corner, 4) outer margin or outer distal corner of pleopods 1 and 2 with setae, 5) inner basal margin of inner ramus of pleopods without bifid setae, and 6) small number of articles (less than 5) of rami of pleopods. However, the former is distinguished from the latter by the following features (features of
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. coreanus" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="coreanus">P. coreanus</taxonomicName>
|
||
in parentheses): 1) antenna 1 shorter (longer) than 0.4 times as long as body length, 2) antenna 2 of female without calceoli (with calceoli), 3) uropod 1 not exceeding (slightly exceeding) tip of uropod 2, and 4) outer ramus of uropod 2 without robust seta (with robust seta).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Pseudocrangonyctidae" genus="Pseudocrangonyx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudocrangonyx daejeonensis" order="Amphipoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="daejeonensis">Pseudocrangonyx daejeonensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. febras" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="febras">P. febras</taxonomicName>
|
||
Sidorov, 2009 and
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. gudariensis" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="gudariensis">P. gudariensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Tomikawa and Sato in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Tomikawa, K" journalOrPublisher="Zoosystematics and Evolution" pageId="11" pageNumber="38" pagination="187 - 202" title="A molecular phylogeny of Pseudocrangonyx from Japan, including a new subterranean species (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Pseudocrangonyctidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.92.10176" volume="92" year="2016">Tomikawa et al. (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in having 1) relatively smaller body size, 2) eyes completely absent, and 3) urosomite 1 without basal setae. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. daejeonensis" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="daejeonensis">P. daejeonensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinguished from these two species by the following features: from
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. febras" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="febras">P. febras</taxonomicName>
|
||
(features of
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. febras" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="febras">P. febras</taxonomicName>
|
||
in parentheses), 1) antenna 1 shorter than 0.4 times as long as body length (longer than 0.7 times), 2) peduncular article 2 of antenna 1 0.5 (0.7)
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="35" start="start">times</pageBreakToken>
|
||
as long as article 1, 3) palp article 2 of mandible with 3 (7) setae, 4) carpus of male gnathopod 2 without serrate robust setae on posterodistal corner (with serrate robust setae), 5) fewer articles of pleopodal rami, up to 4 (more, up to 6), 6) inner ramus of uropod 1 with 2 inner marginal robust setae (5 inner and 3 outer marginal robust setae), 7) outer ramus of uropod 1 without setae (with 2 robust setae), and 8) inner ramus of uropod 2 with inner robust seta (3-4 inner and 2-3 outer marginal robust setae); from
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. gudariensis" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="gudariensis">P. gudariensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(features of
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. gudariensis" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="gudariensis">P. gudariensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
in parentheses), 1) basal part of inner ramus of uropod 1 with 1 slender setae (with 3 slender setae), 2) outer ramus of uropod 1 without setae (with 2 setae), 3) inner margin of inner ramus uropod 2 with 1 robust setae (with 4 robust setae), and 4) telson lobe with 1 robust seta apically (with 2 robust setae apically).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="8" pageNumber="35">
|
||
Although the phylogenetic position of
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. coreanus" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="coreanus">P. coreanus</taxonomicName>
|
||
remains uncertain, the results of the previous molecular phylogenetic studies (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Tomikawa, K" journalOrPublisher="Zoosystematics and Evolution" pageId="11" pageNumber="38" pagination="187 - 202" title="A molecular phylogeny of Pseudocrangonyx from Japan, including a new subterranean species (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Pseudocrangonyctidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.92.10176" volume="92" year="2016">Tomikawa et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Zhao, S" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="11" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 22" title="A new subterranean species of Pseudocrangonyx from China with an identification key to all species of the genus (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Pseudocrangonyctidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.647.11192" volume="647" year="2017">Zhao and Hou 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and our phylogenetic analyses showed that
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. daejeonensis" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="daejeonensis">P. daejeonensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the two morphologically similar species,
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. febras" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="febras">P. febras</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. gudariensis" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="gudariensis">P. gudariensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, did not form a monophyletic
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="9" pageNumber="36" start="start">lineage</pageBreakToken>
|
||
with large genetic divergences. Because these three species inhabit interstitial waters, not subterranean habitats, morphological similarities observed among them may reflect their similar habitat preferences.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="36">
|
||
The phylogenetic position of
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. daejeonensis" pageId="9" pageNumber="36" rank="species" species="daejeonensis">P. daejeonensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
also sheds light onto the complex faunistic relationships between the
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Pseudocrangonyctidae" genus="Pseudocrangonyx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudocrangonyx" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pseudocrangonyx</taxonomicName>
|
||
species inhabiting the Japanese Archipelago and those inhabiting the Far Eastern continental area. Common ancestors of the Japanese
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Pseudocrangonyctidae" genus="Pseudocrangonyx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudocrangonyx" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pseudocrangonyx</taxonomicName>
|
||
species were considered to have migrated from the continental part to the Japanese Archipelago (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sidorov, D" journalOrPublisher="Crustaceana" pageId="10" pageNumber="37" pagination="417 - 430" title="Procrangonyxstygoedincus, a new species of subterranean amphipod (Pseudocrangonyctidae) from the Far East of Russia, with remarks on biogeographic relationships." url="https://doi.org/10.1163/156854007780440984" volume="80" year="2007">Sidorov and Holsinger 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Previous systematic studies revealed that the
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Pseudocrangonyctidae" genus="Pseudocrangonyx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudocrangonyx" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pseudocrangonyx</taxonomicName>
|
||
amphipods distributed in northern Japan and the western tip of Honshu, Japan, i.e.,
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. yezonis" pageId="9" pageNumber="36" rank="species" species="yezonis">P. yezonis</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Pseudocrangonyctidae" genus="Pseudocrangonyx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudocrangonyx" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pseudocrangonyx</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. 2, are phylogenetically close to the continental species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sidorov, D" journalOrPublisher="Crustaceana" pageId="10" pageNumber="37" pagination="417 - 430" title="Procrangonyxstygoedincus, a new species of subterranean amphipod (Pseudocrangonyctidae) from the Far East of Russia, with remarks on biogeographic relationships." url="https://doi.org/10.1163/156854007780440984" volume="80" year="2007">Sidorov and Holsinger 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Tomikawa, K" journalOrPublisher="Zoosystematics and Evolution" pageId="11" pageNumber="38" pagination="187 - 202" title="A molecular phylogeny of Pseudocrangonyx from Japan, including a new subterranean species (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Pseudocrangonyctidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.92.10176" volume="92" year="2016">Tomikawa et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Zhao, S" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="11" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 22" title="A new subterranean species of Pseudocrangonyx from China with an identification key to all species of the genus (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Pseudocrangonyctidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.647.11192" volume="647" year="2017">Zhao and Hou 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). As
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. daejeonensis" pageId="9" pageNumber="36" rank="species" species="daejeonensis">P. daejeonensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
formed a well-supported clade with
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Pseudocrangonyctidae" genus="Pseudocrangonyx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudocrangonyx" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pseudocrangonyx</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. 3, which is indigenous to the central part of Honshu, their phylogenetic relationship suggested that the species diversity of the Japanese
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Pseudocrangonyctidae" genus="Pseudocrangonyx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudocrangonyx" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pseudocrangonyx</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been increased as a result of multiple continental-origins. It is also feasible that
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. daejeonensis" pageId="9" pageNumber="36" rank="species" species="daejeonensis">P. daejeonensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
diverged from a common ancestor indigenous to the Japanese Archipelago. To clarify the biogeographical history of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Pseudocrangonyctidae" genus="Pseudocrangonyx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudocrangonyx" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pseudocrangonyx</taxonomicName>
|
||
amphipods, further faunistic surveys along with molecular phylogenetic analyses are essentially needed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="36">
|
||
The uncorrected p-distance of 15.0 % for COI, calculated using MEGA7.0.16 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kumar, S" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Biology and Evolution" pageId="10" pageNumber="37" pagination="1870 - 1874" title="MEGA 7: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Version 7.0 for bigger datasets." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msw054" volume="33" year="2016">Kumar et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) between
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. daejeonensis" pageId="9" pageNumber="36" rank="species" species="daejeonensis">P. daejeonensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Pseudocrangonyctidae" genus="Pseudocrangonyx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudocrangonyx" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pseudocrangonyx</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. 3 is equivalent to sequence divergence thresholds for discriminating amphipod species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Witt, JDS" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Ecology" pageId="11" pageNumber="38" pagination="3037 - 3082" title="DNA barcoding reveals extraordinary cryptic diversity in an amphipod genus: implications for desert spring conservation." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2006.02999.x" volume="15" year="2006">Witt et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Rock, J" journalOrPublisher="Heredity" pageId="10" pageNumber="37" pagination="102 - 111" title="Phylogeography and environmental diversification of a highly adaptable marine amphipod Gammarusduebeni." url="https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.hdy.6800971" volume="99" year="2007">Rock et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hou, Z" journalOrPublisher="Current Zoology" pageId="10" pageNumber="37" pagination="158 - 164" title="Identifying Chinese species of Gammarus (Crustacea: Amphipoda) using DNA barcoding." volume="55" year="2009">Hou et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The former is distinguished from the latter in having the following features (features of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Pseudocrangonyctidae" genus="Pseudocrangonyx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudocrangonyx" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pseudocrangonyx</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. 3 in parentheses): 1) outerdistal corner of peduncle of pleopod 3 without seta (with seta), 2) each of inner and outer ramus of pleopod 3 2-articulate (3-articulate), 3) outer rami of uropods 1 and 2 without marginal robust setae (with marginal seta), and 4) robust setae on distal part of proximal article of uropod 3 short, not reaching tip of terminal article (long, exceeding tip of terminal article) (Tomikawa pers. observation).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |