294 lines
39 KiB
XML
294 lines
39 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="07E2C6C17599B06B31AFFF6C65112060">Hidden species within the genus Ocys Stephens: the widespread species O. harpaloides (Audinet-Serville) and O. tachysoides (Antoine) (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Bembidiini)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="AA1A2084590DD076F7C1CE822011336D">Maddison, David R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="72D5EDE739DB22D931A4C0FCF70AB6CB">Anderson, Roy</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="04D1C508390336C26638D4BBB1B567A8">Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift</mods:title>
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<mods:identifier id="0D46C09BFADAB9E7F5A44407C8FE7CD0" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.10748</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="D827405D067ADF090D5907C78C3CC113" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127860010" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D827405D067ADF090D5907C78C3CC113" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D827405D067ADF090D5907C78C3CC113" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="295" pageId="5" pageNumber="292">
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<subSubSection id="1B6CF10E88B1AE0A205961FC73E6C54E" pageId="5" pageNumber="292" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="021B54210A0DE200EF4C69011FF24B38" pageId="5" pageNumber="292">
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<taxonomicName id="298D8EC75F15C4E195962F56A3C0421F" ID-CoL="48MMF" authority="Audinet-Serville, 1821" authorityName="Audinet-Serville" authorityYear="1821" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Ocys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ocys harpaloides" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="292" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harpaloides">Ocys harpaloides (Audinet-Serville, 1821)</taxonomicName>
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Figs 2A; 3A; 6A, B; 7A, B; 8A; 9A, B; 10A, B; 11A, B
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B702A833C4441650C12F5A15549BDA0D" pageId="5" pageNumber="292" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="1A4442CB3BB2DF3CAC817A924B763F9F" pageId="5" pageNumber="292">
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<taxonomicName id="3930806E5B8C05D9B4653E56533636DA" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bembidion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bembidion harpaloides" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="292" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harpaloides">Bembidion harpaloides</taxonomicName>
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Audinet-Serville, 1821:78. Lectotype male, here designated, in the Dufour collection of the MNHN, examined (see Nomenclatural notes, below), with two labels:
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<normalizedToken id="01F9BFFDEC340391FA6051B1A5F31397" originalValue="“5244”">"5244"</normalizedToken>
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[handwritten], "LECTOTYPE
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<taxonomicName id="7E9FCAB0AF15C2DE1B237EF2F1FCDB83" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bembidion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bembidion harpaloides" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="292" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harpaloides">Bembidion harpaloides</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation id="77B0435060595E9E3C222E6F625FE928" author="Audinet-Serville, JG" journalOrPublisher="Paris" pageId="12" pageNumber="299" title="Faune Francaise ou histoire naturelle, generale et particuliere des animaux qui se trouvent en France, constamment ou passagerement, a la surface du sol, dans les eaux qui le baignent, et dans le littoral des mers qui le bornent. Coleopteres" year="1821">Audinet-Serville 1821</bibRefCitation>
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designated 2016 D.R. Maddison and R. Anderson" [partly handwritten, with red lines around the border]. Type locality: Clavados, Bretagne, France.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="ACD12651296E8A19640263225526FAD0" pageId="5" pageNumber="292">
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<taxonomicName id="AE182DDAA1995E3B644435A451E859C9" family="Carabidae" genus="Tachis" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tachis rufescens" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="292" rank="species" species="rufescens">Tachis rufescens</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken id="39EEB334991750A688883B14DF51C8BA" originalValue="Guérin-Ménéville">Guerin-Meneville</normalizedToken>
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, 1823:123. Type specimens lost (see below). Type locality as specified in the original description: an island on the Seine River (presumably
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<normalizedToken id="750440BA44FDBDF30F3BBE05CE7B4B08" originalValue="Île">Ile</normalizedToken>
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Seguin or
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<normalizedToken id="5B25D68FDDF67F2D0F6A2BF660F7550C" originalValue="Île">Ile</normalizedToken>
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Saint-Germain), Meudon, France. Neotype male, here designated, in the MNHN, labeled "JUVISY Aval RD 4-VI-45 M. DEWAILLY" [partly handwritten], "
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<taxonomicName id="9BD8F50CDEC3BF98DE77EDAB693EA5EA" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Ocys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ocys harpaloides" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="292" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harpaloides">Ocys harpaloides</taxonomicName>
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Serv. M. Dewailly det." [partly handwritten], "NEOTYPE
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<taxonomicName id="A7A4150A77643DF2624131999664FF24" family="Carabidae" genus="Tachis" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tachis rufescens" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="292" rank="species" species="rufescens">Tachis rufescens</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken id="4E3AE41F657717578BC8138CA76104DC" originalValue="Guérin-Ménéville">Guerin-Meneville</normalizedToken>
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designated 2016 D.R. Maddison & R. Anderson" [partly handwritten]. This specimen is from Juvisy-sur-Orge, Essonne, France, which is 18km SE of Meudon; it was formerly housed in the collection of Mr. Dominique Echaroux.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AEEA413DDCE8A540B672F451FB2420FE" pageId="5" pageNumber="292">
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<taxonomicName id="3EC226C277193A485B16B5ECB4FF402B" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Ocys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ocys melanocephalus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="292" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanocephalus">Ocys melanocephalus</taxonomicName>
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Stephens, 1828:10. Lectotype male, here designated, in BMNH, examined, with six labels: "BRITISH ISLES J. Stephens Coll. BM 1853- 46", "
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<taxonomicName id="42275CD5D7CBE1335BC0E6FD47DA144D" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Ocys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ocys melanocephalum" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="292" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanocephalum">Ocys melanocephalum</taxonomicName>
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" [handwritten],
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<normalizedToken id="0373C9AAD49A52D5553A0681F148BC91" originalValue="“♂”">"♂"</normalizedToken>
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, "
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<taxonomicName id="88B32ED8B7862355EFB789C59B585465" family="Carabidae" genus="Bembidiina" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bembidiina harpaloides" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="292" rank="species" species="harpaloides">harpaloides</taxonomicName>
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det Netolitzky" [handwritten],
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<normalizedToken id="234C78E33C2F2E7EA985D809FC4422EF" originalValue="“NHMUK010363535”">"NHMUK010363535"</normalizedToken>
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[with matrix barcode], "LECTOTYPE
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<taxonomicName id="2D7FC9383E47AA2378FB914CBD21C820" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Ocys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ocys melanocephalus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="292" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanocephalus">Ocys melanocephalus</taxonomicName>
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Stephens designated 2016 D.R. Maddison and R. Anderson" [partly handwritten, with red lines around the border]. Type locality: British Isles.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="03F7C2C3FF3ECF415C69B98F6B65896F" pageId="5" pageNumber="292">
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<taxonomicName id="F05EC751D3EE670A0F595B7EBBF18E92" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bembidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bembidium dubium" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="292" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dubium">Bembidium dubium</taxonomicName>
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Wollaston, 1857:23. Holotype female, in BMNH, examined. Type locality: Madeira. Junior primary homonym of
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<taxonomicName id="93D4BCD61BB2C383C3570398A53465E5" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bembidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bembidium dubium" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="292" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dubium">Bembidium dubium</taxonomicName>
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Heer, 1838. Synonymy tentative, based primarily on the colour of the type.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="838EC8388A1B4CFF8B92C0C5A6716CA8" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="294" pageId="5" pageNumber="292" type="notes">
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<paragraph id="99F9AF793DF3BFCF531CE28F33D7C501" pageId="5" pageNumber="292">Nomenclatural notes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6224A9AE79DA02EEFFC2925C26BEEB1D" pageId="5" pageNumber="292">
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Interpretation of
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<normalizedToken id="5CB83431A40035CBDC674CF8654003F4" originalValue="Audinet-Serville’s">Audinet-Serville's</normalizedToken>
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name rests in part on discovery of his specimens, as his description is not sufficient to distinguish between the two species. Audinet-Serville notes that his specimen or specimens of
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<taxonomicName id="6F0C529AE7D411EC7C36CE46A9FAFA3E" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bembidion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bembidion harpaloides" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="292" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harpaloides">Bembidion harpaloides</taxonomicName>
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are from "M. de
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<normalizedToken id="2831B93CB68DE5F1D3760B8C92D52986" originalValue="Brébisson”">Brebisson"</normalizedToken>
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, presumably the botanist Louis Alphonse de
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<normalizedToken id="4A9BF7E4DED31D521CC3A476820B254A" originalValue="Brébisson">Brebisson</normalizedToken>
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.
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<normalizedToken id="F5C2C2F51B9DA338A83056BE105652DF" originalValue="Audinet-Serville’s">Audinet-Serville's</normalizedToken>
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<taxonomicName id="6FDFA5CC419ACE454D9E1D1C1F3E3B21" lsidName="Bembidiina" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="292" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
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specimens were acquired by
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<normalizedToken id="DFB7FB43332C3CE035D2AA03FAF4B93F" originalValue="Léon">Leon</normalizedToken>
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Jean Marie Dufour (Thierry Deuve, pers. comm.), whose collection was incorporated into the
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<normalizedToken id="BE5BEC7D07577B9BA499BBDF2E4E0C70" originalValue="Muséum">Museum</normalizedToken>
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National
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<normalizedToken id="1CB70D6E6ABE640DC0C62FD6CBE69502" originalValue="d’Histoire">d'Histoire</normalizedToken>
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Naturelle in Paris. In March 2016, David H. Kavanaugh searched for several hours for the type series of
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<taxonomicName id="4086779D6D7C6660233CB81DFBB5CA6B" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bembidion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bembidion harpaloides" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="292" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harpaloides">Bembidion harpaloides</taxonomicName>
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Audinet-Serville in
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<normalizedToken id="6BC4AAE5F4BD9537C8434868D1813DEC" originalValue="Dufour’s">Dufour's</normalizedToken>
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collection at the MNHN, with help from Azadeh Taghavian. The following notes are in part from Kavanaugh (pers. comm.).
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<normalizedToken id="13A24A25E9048C5809FF9629168005AF" originalValue="Dufour’s">Dufour's</normalizedToken>
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collection is well-organized, and in the section containing bembidiines, there is only one box with
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<taxonomicName id="348D74E6A955A1335E653ED40F652081" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Ocys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ocys" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="292" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ocys</taxonomicName>
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. It contains four pins with
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<taxonomicName id="F9CB7C517ACC42E2293A30CFE11EEBC1" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Ocys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ocys" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="292" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ocys</taxonomicName>
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specimens. These are housed under the heading "
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<taxonomicName id="28D98CC868492EEAA80AC2A44B668887" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bembidion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bembidion (Tachys) rufescens" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="292" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufescens" subGenus="Tachys">Bembidion (Tachys) rufescens</taxonomicName>
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", a name in use around that time for this complex (e.g.,
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<bibRefCitation id="8606AB19969A15D3AFA02FCD24EA0BE6" author="Dejean, PFMA" journalOrPublisher="Paris" pageId="12" pageNumber="299" title="Species general des Coleopteres de la collection de M. le Comte Dejean" year="1831">Dejean 1831</bibRefCitation>
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). In that region of the box, there are no additional pin holes, suggesting that there have been no specimens of
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<taxonomicName id="BC1987CBFDA1719FF67DEEFA4D1B1D01" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Ocys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ocys" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="292" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ocys</taxonomicName>
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removed from
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<normalizedToken id="1774F1AD5D950C54B9DC533675E22646" originalValue="Dufour’s">Dufour's</normalizedToken>
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collection. The four pins contain a total of eight specimens: the first two pins contain one specimen each, the third pin houses five specimens, each on a separate card, and the last pin houses a single specimen. The last specimen can be excluded from consideration, as its label contains a locality (
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<normalizedToken id="9BA317F2F53276D1202ABEA3052C18F1" originalValue="“Carcassonne”">"Carcassonne"</normalizedToken>
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, in southern France) that differs from the locality stated by Audinet-Serville. The other three pins each have one or two labels: the first specimen has a label that apparently contains the number 249; the second the number 5244, and the remaining pin has two labels, one with a small amount of indecipherable text, the other with the number 124. All of the
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<taxonomicName id="BC79B171A496ACCDD5B035732F7D387F" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Ocys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ocys" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="292" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ocys</taxonomicName>
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in
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<normalizedToken id="ED90376B46EA0EE3A7EDE5F794787033" originalValue="Dufour’s">Dufour's</normalizedToken>
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collection belong to this species, as determined by colour pattern and microsculpture. In addition, the first two are males, and dissection revealed genitalia that match genitalic type A (i.e., as in Fig. 6A, B). The labels on the three pins are in different handwriting, and the pins themselves differ in structure. Thus, it appears as if the three came from different sources, and likely only one of them represents authentic Audinet-Serville material. According to Antoine Mantilleri (Thierry Deuve, pers. comm.), the handwriting on the first specimen is likely that of Dufour. This suggests that the first specimen is not an authentic Audinet-Serville specimen, but rather an original Dufour specimen; however, it is possible that Dufour added a label to the specimen after having acquired
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<normalizedToken id="B99349F54607AD11B383061CCE9AA8C9" originalValue="Audinet-Serville’s">Audinet-Serville's</normalizedToken>
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collection. The writer of the other labels is not known. We could discover no information about
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<normalizedToken id="4C7D0B3C73430E78A8542210772ACC5A" originalValue="Audinet-Serville’s">Audinet-Serville's</normalizedToken>
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handwriting, other than a single example of his signature, and thus we do not know if any of the labels might have been written by him, or whether they may have been added by later researchers. Thus, it is not clear which specimen on the three candidate pins is
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<normalizedToken id="5C74EBCE55FE134999C3B6A98D7E9143" originalValue="Audinet-Serville’s">Audinet-Serville's</normalizedToken>
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, and it likely will never be determined with certainty. We consider the value in stabilizing the name more important than the uncertainty of the choice. As all of these specimens belong to the same species, as the specimen on the second pin is a male in sufficient condition and with undamaged genitalia, and as there is hint that the specimen on the first pin is not an Audinet-Serville specimen, we have chosen the second specimen as the lectotype of
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<taxonomicName id="3CEC7A5C876C716D12F8ABED196D445F" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bembidion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bembidion harpaloides" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="292" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harpaloides">Bembidion harpaloides</taxonomicName>
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Audinet-Serville.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BF42597E676D81C340FAE835DCCE9B71" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="294" pageId="5" pageNumber="292">
|
||
The collection of
|
||
<normalizedToken id="FF4230C7063CDF1FDC1C196262D942B5" originalValue="Félix">Felix</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="13158D075C46F828646E6F3FD8CF2E24" originalValue="Édouard">Edouard</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="9EBDC1049B09C2221A5C68CF3CD89317" originalValue="Guérin-Méneville">Guerin-Meneville</normalizedToken>
|
||
was incorporated into the Chaudoir collection at the MNHN (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0C90B8A4F0DE2AB1273EDF14D080CE87" author="Cambefort, Y" journalOrPublisher="Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris" pageId="12" pageNumber="299" title="Des coleopteres, des collections, et des hommes." year="2006">Cambefort 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) in the Chaudoir magasin. David Kavanaugh and Azadeh Taghavian searched for types of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="292DC8ABCA068D5621AFF9BE098D93F5" genus="Tachis" lsidName="Tachis rufescens" pageId="5" pageNumber="292" rank="species" species="rufescens">Tachis rufescens</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="EE510E30AA28F22980E63030761C5238" originalValue="Guérin-Ménéville">Guerin-Meneville</normalizedToken>
|
||
in the Chaudoir magasin. They found numerous
|
||
<taxonomicName id="065F26FB99CE4E10E03F48BD9D4AE140" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Ocys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ocys" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="292" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ocys</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but every one could be eliminated as
|
||
<normalizedToken id="71508AEE34BCD8605B1C36397A72D8CA" originalValue="Guérin-Ménéville">Guerin-Meneville</normalizedToken>
|
||
specimens through consideration of the labels, as all specimens had a mechanically printed label (against other
|
||
<normalizedToken id="9F38A41F41D39C6831D4CBA93F91056C" originalValue="Guérin-Ménéville">Guerin-Meneville</normalizedToken>
|
||
specimens), and the labels specified a locality, collector, or collection that did not coincide
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="DD1D366D7D62772C91FC2C3236A9BBF8" pageId="6" pageNumber="293" start="start">with</pageBreakToken>
|
||
those of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="074344B09E0E888F613B45E04E4D5E3E" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Ocys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ocys" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="293" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ocys</taxonomicName>
|
||
examined by
|
||
<normalizedToken id="678659411B93C9ACDF44B3779D79032B" originalValue="Guérin-Ménéville">Guerin-Meneville</normalizedToken>
|
||
(Kavanaugh, pers. comm.). The
|
||
<normalizedToken id="F23A00259A25C88285981B2BD70957EF" originalValue="Guérin-Ménéville">Guerin-Meneville</normalizedToken>
|
||
specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F1C55BA9341DF47E5A94E788DE376D77" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Ocys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ocys" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="293" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ocys</taxonomicName>
|
||
are thus lost. In the interests of stabilizing the nomenclature, we sought a neotype for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A5E5F7F6FC73B78A7848B358B5DBD752" genus="Tachis" lsidName="Tachis rufescens" pageId="6" pageNumber="293" rank="species" species="rufescens">Tachis rufescens</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Within the MNHN, there are specimens from three localities around Paris (Vaires, Chelles, and Chalifert). All of these specimens belong to the following species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53647189475BCE463055FF25120CCD2B" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Ocys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ocys tachysoides" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="293" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tachysoides">Ocys tachysoides</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Thierry Deuve, pers. comm.); we have confirmed this for the specimens from Vaires by examination of male genitalia. However, the
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="3D94101FA073461AE18E696BE86B6125" pageId="7" pageNumber="294" start="start">lack</pageBreakToken>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0166B47309050E193EE7AC9B7356501E" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Ocys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ocys harpaloides" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harpaloides">Ocys harpaloides</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the twentieth-century specimens in the MNHN does not necessarily mean that the species was absent from Paris in 1823: in the 123 years that passed between the description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E969B9A86BB35F7489044BB9797EA84A" genus="Tachis" lsidName="Tachis rufescens" pageId="7" pageNumber="294" rank="species" species="rufescens">Tachis rufescens</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the collection of the Viares specimens in 1946, the habitats around Paris may have changed. The possibility that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22DF652D49EEC01717BE6D327AEB8DA0" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Ocys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ocys harpaloides" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harpaloides">Ocys harpaloides</taxonomicName>
|
||
lived in Paris in the 1820s is made more likely by the presence, in the collection of Mr. Dominique Echaroux, of two series of specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="502261A249CC56F132104A564F25C75B" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Ocys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ocys harpaloides" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harpaloides">Ocys harpaloides</taxonomicName>
|
||
from just outside of Paris: one specimen from Bouray-sur-Juine and seven from Juvisy-sur-Orge. The latter is only 18km SE of the type locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E504B694E321CEA317513C7ED1C48E7E" genus="Tachis" lsidName="Tachis rufescens" pageId="7" pageNumber="294" rank="species" species="rufescens">Tachis rufescens</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Thus, both species have lived in the general Paris area, and a specimen of either species could be designated as a neotype. However, designation of the Vaires specimen, for example, would lead to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="25DFE62C5C6449A798EE181CB6E57736" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Ocys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ocys rufescens" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufescens">Ocys rufescens</taxonomicName>
|
||
as the name of the following species, with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AF1A9504D32E8287EF600B883BDEE72" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Ocys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ocys tachysoides" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tachysoides">Ocys tachysoides</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a junior synonym. This would change the name used for the following species in the Iberian Peninsula and Africa, where it is known as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4F1799370D641E908E82E4E5F23A6AAF" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Ocys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ocys tachysoides" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tachysoides">Ocys tachysoides</taxonomicName>
|
||
(per
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F0D1557AB7B45BCA48E8112D46B7AEF7" author="Toribio, M" journalOrPublisher="Revista gaditana de Entomologi ́ a" pageId="12" pageNumber="299" pagination="1 - 5" title="Datos sobre algunos Cara ́ bidos de la Peni ́ nsula Ibe ́ rica (Coleoptera)." volume="4" year="2013">Toribio 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In the interests of stability, we choose as neotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7D9223BE7B8B58C085BC67FF7F04FC55" genus="Tachis" lsidName="Tachis rufescens" pageId="7" pageNumber="294" rank="species" species="rufescens">Tachis rufescens</taxonomicName>
|
||
one of the Juvisy-sur-Orge males; with this designation,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="333F89D3A95B276C4778436E770C74AD" genus="Tachis" lsidName="Tachis rufescens" pageId="7" pageNumber="294" rank="species" species="rufescens">Tachis rufescens</taxonomicName>
|
||
is maintained as synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A429038F2369ADB773232B581D641B4A" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Ocys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ocys harpaloides" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harpaloides">Ocys harpaloides</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2A581987144018A51B5BDE25BBAB889C" pageId="7" pageNumber="294">
|
||
In the BMNH, under
|
||
<normalizedToken id="B5BF9D34274021239581A651BDCFA33C" originalValue="“melanocephalum”">"melanocephalum"</normalizedToken>
|
||
, are seven specimens (four males, three females) in the J. Stephens collection, all with the label "British Isles J. Stephens Coll. BM. 1853 - 46". We consider this to be the type series of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="295F72F66BDD90E7D81A950E9372F41C" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Ocys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ocys melanocephalus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanocephalus">Ocys melanocephalus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Stephens. Three of the males in this series were dissected, and genitalia examined; they all match genitalic type A (i.e., as in Fig. 6A, D). We have chosen one of these specimens as the lectotype.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5E488444FF55C9EBEA8CB4030A8128C1" pageId="7" pageNumber="294">
|
||
In the Wollaston collection of the BMNH, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0F971EA184D4962388D480523B47448" class="Insecta" lsidName="Bembidiina" pageId="7" pageNumber="294" rank="class">Insecta</taxonomicName>
|
||
Maderensia, Drawer 2, is a single teneral female, without a determination label. This specimen is presumed to be the holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DE59E8517DC8907845AB0423FD6B6A2D" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bembidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bembidium dubium" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dubium">Bembidium dubium</taxonomicName>
|
||
Wollaston, 1854. Its colour suggests that it belongs to this species. However, the species membership of the type is of no nomenclatural importance, as the name is a junior primary homonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62544CC6A000DF5FEEC5B6C2B3355262" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bembidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bembidium dubium" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dubium">Bembidium dubium</taxonomicName>
|
||
Heer, 1838, itself a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4DCD4642E255C14496C555E83396B3C6" genus="Bemidion" lsidName="Bemidion assimile" pageId="7" pageNumber="294" rank="species" species="assimile">Bemidion assimile</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Gyllenhal, 1810).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="16084BFC12B18DF5424947CC3B053E3D" pageId="7" pageNumber="294">
|
||
An additional name (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFD33CECC0FD363F4971C6CEF22CD077" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Carabus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carabus tempestivus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tempestivus">Carabus tempestivus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Panzer, 1799) is listed as a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5C56FC924A146C0E62F7E57DC7796281" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Ocys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ocys harpaloides" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harpaloides">Ocys harpaloides</taxonomicName>
|
||
by some authors (e.g. Stephens, 1828). However, this name is a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15DB9E9D23DD2ADC5F7BC3CF118D460C" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Trechus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trechus quadristriatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadristriatus">Trechus quadristriatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Schrank, 1781), as documented by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="79C5162DA442C67946705683B6CDAB82" author="Erichson, WF" journalOrPublisher="Morin, Berlin" pageId="12" pageNumber="299" title="Die Ka ̈ fer der Mark Brandenburg" year="1837">Erichson (1837)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="CCB08CEFEFDDBD1610039497704FC3DF" pageId="7" pageNumber="294" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="1FB7F9D149E9D890B9519E15508A0EA6" pageId="7" pageNumber="294">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B6AB1854D380C8725ABD7D08064C84E" pageId="7" pageNumber="294">
|
||
Body length 4.2-6.1 mm (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CDCB8B6EFFD771DFC4C97766C4234C21" author="Toribio, M" journalOrPublisher="Revista gaditana de Entomologi ́ a" pageId="12" pageNumber="299" pagination="1 - 5" title="Datos sobre algunos Cara ́ bidos de la Peni ́ nsula Ibe ́ rica (Coleoptera)." volume="4" year="2013">Toribio 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and our observations; average length of males 5.0 mm (n=5), of females 5.51 mm (n=5)). Head and pronotum a clear orange-brown; anterior and central part of elytra of the same colour, but sides and posterior region of elytra dark brown (Fig. 3), and with the epipleural gutter and suture yellow-brown. Microsculpture of elytral disc more transverse, with more close-set parallel lines and fewer meshes (Fig. 7A, B); density of microsculpture lines 25-26 per 0.1 mm (n=4 males). Hind margin of pronotum in most specimens straighter than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="02B68D1E289FD87212CD10ED383040B5" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Ocys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ocys tachysoides" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tachysoides">Ocys tachysoides</taxonomicName>
|
||
, such that the hind margin is directed more or less laterally near the hind angles (Fig. 10A), occasionally with a slight emargination laterally (Fig. 10B). Elytra more parallel-sided, greatest width behind middle. Basal margin at shoulder slightly arcuate with a forward-directed concavity (Fig. 11A, B). Elytral striae 2 through 4 less marked in the apical third. Aedeagus with ventral margin bend slightly downward toward apex (Fig. 6A, B); apex more rounded. Anterior edge of central sclerite complex of internal sac more rounded; brush sclerite larger; dorsal membranes of internal sac darker. Gonocoxite relatively long (Fig. 8A), GCR=0.64-0.69 (average 0.67, n=5); spermathecal margin (opposite the efferent duct of the spermathecal gland) curved (Fig. 8A, B; n=5), with tip pointed toward duct of gland.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DC1B9AF9EC7C8CBCE4601C0F2E5CB90B" pageId="7" pageNumber="294">
|
||
<paragraph id="E22AD5FECFC886D1F0EBA60B99100EDB" pageId="7" pageNumber="294">
|
||
Figure 10. Hind margin of pronotum. A, B,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4396F658F4C2DE4AB9FB4704D59884E2" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Ocys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ocys harpaloides" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harpaloides">Ocys harpaloides</taxonomicName>
|
||
(A: North Slob, Wexford, Ireland, voucher DNA2759, B: Halve Maan, Oostende, Belgium, voucher DNA2853). C, D.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BABE7B292862ADEDDC0BF95491DE0661" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Ocys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ocys tachysoides" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tachysoides">Ocys tachysoides</taxonomicName>
|
||
(B: Belvoir Forest, Belfast, Northern Ireland, voucher DNA2763, D: Murlough NNR, Co. Down, Northern Ireland, voucher DNA2899). Scale bar 0.1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="6450B20A6A9A75F892F6FFFC31A4B537" pageId="7" pageNumber="294">
|
||
<paragraph id="C6D6D43D9020AA98DBB7F79BB1D74857" pageId="7" pageNumber="294">
|
||
Figure 11. Left shoulder. A, B,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8A67F1BA9CFA84A65AFFF16736CAE57C" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Ocys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ocys harpaloides" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harpaloides">Ocys harpaloides</taxonomicName>
|
||
(A: North Slob, Wexford, Ireland, voucher DNA2759, B: Bos Ter Rijst, Schorisse, Belgium, voucher DNA2937) C, D.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30CA241F989B2BFE3A93245F19C74210" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Ocys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ocys tachysoides" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tachysoides">Ocys tachysoides</taxonomicName>
|
||
(B: River Schelde, De Kramp, Moerzeke, Belgium, voucher DNA2936, D: Murlough NNR, Co. Down, Northern Ireland, voucher DNA2899). Scale bar 0.1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="FD40F33558CD06C97684D4840C84145D" pageId="7" pageNumber="294" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="5825803960934EE633A0290DBD4CF05E" pageId="7" pageNumber="294">Geographic distribution</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="96D0E8DEC45DD1A4C51C822E7E370DD2" pageId="7" pageNumber="294">(Fig. 12). In Africa, from Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia. In Europe from Spain, France, Belgium, Italy, Ireland, and the United Kingdom. Examination of specimens in additional collections will likely show it to be more widely distributed.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="82FBEC34993A75C45C743B1EC3EB8739" pageId="7" pageNumber="294">
|
||
<paragraph id="7A8C33864AB4EC11EEBAFD5DE915BF99" pageId="7" pageNumber="294">
|
||
Figure 12. Distribution map of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="56E4F7B82D32F8EDDF78A43FE41162D5" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Ocys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ocys harpaloides" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harpaloides">Ocys harpaloides</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFF7A19E7EBB505A240FADB852CA55E8" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Ocys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ocys tachysoides" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tachysoides">Ocys tachysoides</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Only records of which we are confident are included. In addition to specimens we have examined, and those from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="853BC8E9DB6A8958F4D7A40705C52A4F" author="Toribio, M" journalOrPublisher="Revista gaditana de Entomologi ́ a" pageId="12" pageNumber="299" pagination="1 - 5" title="Datos sobre algunos Cara ́ bidos de la Peni ́ nsula Ibe ́ rica (Coleoptera)." volume="4" year="2013">Toribio (2013)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Antoine (1956), and Sciaky (2009), we have included three publically available records from the Barcode of Life Database (http://www.boldsystems.org), corresponding to BOLD records GBCOU8213-14, GBCOU8667-14, and FBCOH116-12, as well as specimens identified by Luca Toledano and Paolo Bonavita in their collections (CTVR and PB, respectively) based upon images and diagnoses we provided to them.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="BCEDFAB70C800ED3744ED66FD9E9CE04" pageId="8" pageNumber="295" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="C64C01FE00854892557FDDF845D203D9" pageId="8" pageNumber="295">
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="D642EA4FDDE4AFB49904B274A8A7DDE1" pageId="8" pageNumber="295" start="start">Specimens</pageBreakToken>
|
||
examined.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D7E4765D50D432FA5E2C003863E2827F" pageId="8" pageNumber="295">
|
||
In addition to type specimens, and those listed in Table 1, we examined specimens from Morocco:
|
||
<normalizedToken id="BF81FD67578DAABA14E2B6B4A03E5083" originalValue="Tétouan">Tetouan</normalizedToken>
|
||
(BMNH); Algeria (BMNH); France: Carcassone (MNHN), Bouray-sur-Juine (DE); Spain: San Roque (BMNH), Beuda, Girona (OSAC), and Sant Carles de Peralta (RAC).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |