408 lines
51 KiB
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408 lines
51 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="8138" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.44.58871" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c29055b3-07b4-4b0b-a5fa-8c8bfec6ae68" ID-Pensoft-Pub="2367-5365-44-17" ID-Pensoft-UUID="68166FB4CC97532BA516E2D07ACC60F6" ID-ZooBank="7669F4FCEB0C4EB7A0F48BDD14D3EF6F" ModsDocID="2367-5365-44-17" checkinTime="1613660837574" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Hausmann, Axel, Huemer, Peter, Lee, Kyung Min & Mutanen, Marko" docDate="2021" docId="D6CD8279936954E68DED6B9A207A467A" docLanguage="en" docName="NotaLepidopt 44: 17-28" docOrigin="Nota Lepidopterologica 44" docPubDate="2021-02-16" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.44.58871" docTitle="Perizoma barrassoi Zahm, Cieslak & Hausmann 2006" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="68166FB4CC97532BA516E2D07ACC60F6" lastPageNumber="17" masterDocId="68166FB4CC97532BA516E2D07ACC60F6" masterDocTitle="DNA barcoding and genomics reveal Perizoma barrassoi Zahm, Cieslak & Hausmann, 2006 as new for the fauna of Central Europe (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Larentiinae)" masterLastPageNumber="28" masterPageNumber="17" pageNumber="17" updateTime="1732850212566" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="CA2F2EBB2A5C5786AD10E1A4BD8AA08E">DNA barcoding and genomics reveal Perizoma barrassoi Zahm, Cieslak & Hausmann, 2006 as new for the fauna of Central Europe (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Larentiinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="98856933A432CB5BCC764D1B170C5F41">Hausmann, Axel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="F8590E16169A58C0884C30939F4C56C0">SNSB - Bavarian State Collection of Zoology (Zoologische Staatssammlung), Munich, Muenchhausenstr. 21, D- 81247 Munich, Germany, hausmann. a @ snsb. de (corresponding author)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="31ECD69156E9B5A2B96FCDF565F87932">Huemer, Peter</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="3FF9E9B5AD79E36EC7A9FF4BA1307B06" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0630-545X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="B414539878141E95FD02C9497DE99B7D">Sammlungs- und Forschungszentrum, Tiroler Landesmuseen Betriebsgesellschaft m. b. H., Krajnc-Strasse 1, 6060 Hall in Tirol, Austria, p. huemer @ tiroler-landesmuseen. at</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="5C581FDECBA5DA33D996188BD82E7A2C">Lee, Kyung Min</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="27B79E2580C8779133032D8270C471B6" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9055-1073</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="7F71A21FB71DB33438F99D709C913562">Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, P. O. Box 3000, FI- 90014 University of Oulu, Finland; kyungmin. lee @ oulu. fi, marko. mutanen @ oulu. fi, kyungmin. lee @ oulu. fi</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="344E6CABF331FF8BD25BF1AC35DD7086">Mutanen, Marko</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C6AD28C731CF08C1FA0B872D5AC1861D">Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, P. O. Box 3000, FI- 90014 University of Oulu, Finland; kyungmin. lee @ oulu. fi, marko. mutanen @ oulu. fi, kyungmin. lee @ oulu. fi</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="937DA4D0A094BA5225DE12B8E73FF09F">Nota Lepidopterologica</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="CC1127A8AEC8C48AF7912966AC4BFF05">2021</mods:date>
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<treatment id="D6CD8279936954E68DED6B9A207A467A" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177423708" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D6CD8279936954E68DED6B9A207A467A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D6CD8279936954E68DED6B9A207A467A" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" scope_family="Geometridae" scope_order="Lepidoptera" scope_subFamily="Larentiinae">
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<subSubSection id="3503F91D7EEA23D9500AEC80C8FD22BA" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="3ED2BC73DA7B4AA3C9C7BF218C5E8968" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
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<taxonomicName id="6F1C8F5DDD600977488BCA6C0125A1B9" LSID="D6CD8279-9369-54E6-8DED-6B9A207A467A" authority="Zahm, Cieslak & Hausmann, 2006" authorityName="Zahm, Cieslak & Hausmann" authorityYear="2006" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Perizoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Perizoma barrassoi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barrassoi">Perizoma barrassoi Zahm, Cieslak & Hausmann, 2006</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="69972E8A2C4601C8D61843AB3EE8F0FA" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="581A5ED054DBD3FB10E1557ECC3BA917" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
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<taxonomicName id="0F78D92343B1F19CB59833AC8EDBEDB3" authorityName="Zahm, Cieslak & Hausmann" authorityYear="2006" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Perizoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Perizoma barrassoi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barrassoi">Perizoma barrassoi</taxonomicName>
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Zahm, Cieslak & Hausmann, 2006: 95:31, figs 1a, b, 2a, b (Locus typicus: Italy, Abruzzo: Maiella Mts., Valle Cannella,
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<normalizedToken id="D9A9FC385F0FD6820E7902F185A1601D" originalValue="Manzini-Hütte">Manzini-Huette</normalizedToken>
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). Holotype male (coll. Zahm/ ZSM, examined and dissected, DNA barcoding failed). Associated female paratype a misidentification of
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<taxonomicName id="D5A1916A7D5CDECEC479188EAF2F3B02" baseAuthorityName="Hubner" baseAuthorityYear="1813" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Colostygia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Colostygia aqueata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aqueata">Colostygia aqueata</taxonomicName>
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(
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<normalizedToken id="9400990EB959616405BDA54DF5DD9593" originalValue="Hübner">Huebner</normalizedToken>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="DA3DC480D8B4EDEF65B81132FA5B18ED" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="9BAE5BA3E60AE4C2CBB44144D85F3EF7" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="EE5DB51CA41AE7B1F9ADC18385ED3254" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
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<emphasis id="9079A424948CF5650876F0125BEBBEA2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
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Italy:
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<emphasis id="CE4301A6F1056893D28803504C563A9C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Holotype</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
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male, central Italy, Abruzzo, Maiella, Valle Cannella,
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<normalizedToken id="C9EBDC4A1A9F282E7FA0991CF36053DA" originalValue="Manzini-Hütte">Manzini-Huette</normalizedToken>
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, 2530 m, 23.vii.1988, leg. N. Zahm, coll. ZSM (gen.prp. ZSM G 20836; DNA barcode sample ID BC ZSM Lep 54528, 77874 (failures); 1 female, central Italy, Lazio, Rieti, Mt. Terminillo, 1800 m, 18.vii.2004, DNA barcode sample ID BC ZSM Lep 82927, gen.prp. ZSM G 15840; 2 males, Trentino, Adamello, Rifugio Mandrone, 2450 m, 26.vi.2014, leg. T. Mayr, DNA barcode sample ID TLMF Lep 25428 (RCTM);
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<emphasis id="990702112FAE1DED3E8D581D6F835F0A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">France</emphasis>
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: 1 male, France, Hautes Alpes, Pelvoux, [2000 m], 1.-10.viii.1972, leg. L. Hinterholzer, gen.prp. ZSM G 21237 (ZSM); 1 male, France, Alpes Maritimes, Col des Champs, [2100 m], 5.vii.1931, [leg. C. Herbulot], gen.prp. ZSM G 21238 (ZSM); 1 female, France, Alpes Maritimes, Cayolle, 2100 m, 31.vii.1975, leg. Lukasch, gen.prp. ZSM G 21259 (ZSM); 1 female, France, Hautes Alpes, la Moutieres, 2100 m, 3. viii.1975, leg. Lukasch (ZSM); 1 female, France, Valloire, 1500 m, 31. vii.1954, leg. G. Bernardi (ZSM); 1 male, France, Pyrenees orientales,
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<normalizedToken id="741914C498D7EFAA33818A849A4312C6" originalValue="Porté">Porte</normalizedToken>
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, 1650-2100 m, 25.VI.-21. vii.1948, leg. H. de Toulgoet, gen.prp. ZSM G 14302 (ZSM); 1 female, France, Pyrenees orientales, Col de Puymorens, 1900 m, 10.vii.1975, leg. G. Behounek, gen.prp. ZSM G 21255 (ZSM);
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<emphasis id="EF3FC47B839246F6C084637F95AF4EF2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Germany</emphasis>
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: 1 female, Germany, Bavaria,
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<normalizedToken id="F9C750338544A00F957220C3A096E720" originalValue="Allgäu">Allgaeu</normalizedToken>
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, Oberstdorf, Oytal, Oybach E Oytalhaus, 1036 m, 01.vi.2014, leg. D. Doczkal, DNA barcode sample ID BC ZSM Lep 86512, gen.prp. ZSM G 21249 (malaise trapping, ZSM); 2 males, Germany, Bavaria, Eschenlohe, [700 m], 12.vi.1977, leg. L. Hinterholzer, gen.prp. 21229 (ZSM); 3 females, Germany, Bavaria, Bergen,
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<normalizedToken id="B180ECD943DB4FC642295DE1D1955733" originalValue="Weißachental">Weissachental</normalizedToken>
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, 700 m, 24.v.1980, leg. A. Beyerl (ZSM);
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<emphasis id="31F8EE2B639430191525F9C3A82CDB99" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Austria</emphasis>
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: 16 males and females, Austria, North Tyrol, Riedenberg / Landl, 800-900 m, 16.v-19.vi.1974-1979 leg. Scheuringer, Wolfsberger, gen.prp. ZSM G 21228, 21248 (ZSM); 1 male, Austria, northern Tyrol,
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<normalizedToken id="5B5DBB655C3BC5103D063D3DC2E99044" originalValue="Ötztaler">Oetztaler</normalizedToken>
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Alps, Feichten, 1300 m, late May 1986, leg. E. Scheuringer, gen.prp. ZSM G 21233 (ZSM); 1 male, id., late May 1992 (ZSM); 1 female, id., early June 1983, gen.prp. ZSM G 21257 (ZSM); 1 female, id., leg. [coll.] Wolfsberger (ZSM); 2 males, Austria, North Tyrol, unterhalb Farst / Umhausen N, 1100 m, 10.iv.2017, leg. P. Huemer, DNA barcode sample ID TLMF Lep 22852, 22853 (TLMF); 1 male, id., 28.v.2013, DNA barcode sample ID TLMF Lep 12589; 1 male, Austria, East Tyrol, Matreier Tauerntal, Aussergschloess Umgebung, 1700 m, 14.vi.2013, leg. P. Huemer, DNA barcode sample ID TLMF Lep 13024 (TLMF).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="ACDAB5D50DD8EAA0388EF19704B31D10" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" type="description">
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<paragraph id="276A1A1B10CD7D77FE71C5D004A50E4B" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">External characters and abdomen</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CF5F1F301E45F9CD7F32BCBF9141FA0E" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
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(Fig.
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<figureCitation id="2D20D797D0409306C2C14860FD212C2C" captionStart="Figures 1, 2" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1, 2. Adults (females). 1. Perizoma barrassoi (Austria, Riedenberg); 2. Perizoma incultaria (Germany, Hirschberg). Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.44.58871.figures1-2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/510134" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">1</figureCitation>
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). See description in
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<bibRefCitation id="1CCCAC71925FA39BAF1CC6BC5A8588D4" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004387485" author="Mueller, B" journalOrPublisher="Brill, Leiden" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" refId="B20" refString="Mueller, B, Erlacher, S, Hausmann, A, Rajaei, H, Sihvonen, P, Skou, P, 2019. Ennominae II. In: Hausmann A, Sihvonen P, Rajaei H (Eds) The Geometrid Moths of Europe, vol. 6. Brill, Leiden, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004387485" title="Ennominae II. In: Hausmann A, Sihvonen P, Rajaei H (Eds) The Geometrid Moths of Europe, vol. 6." url="https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004387485" year="2019">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="291DB76721043A1B40036A63C58FA0B0" originalValue="Müller">Mueller</normalizedToken>
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||
et al. (2019)
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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. The newly attributed Alpine populations with wingspan of 17-21 mm in males, 19-22 mm in females. Ground colour whitish pale grey, silky shining. Wing pattern varying in a similar way as in the sister species
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<taxonomicName id="310313D0930FA8E5A835F5F5A5E3212E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Saxifragaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. incultaria" order="Saxifragales" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="incultaria">
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<emphasis id="F769D1CA96145AB945B3863F2D2E61FF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">P. incultaria</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, no constant and reliable differential feature in wing pattern and coloration was found that would allow discrimination between the two sibling species. Palpi short, length 0.5-0.7 mm, hardly exceeding frons. Male antennae ciliate-setose, flagellum dorsally chequered grey and white.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F1408896DFBF53637C083C706DF0B3E8" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
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<emphasis id="779C54436A4153B8EE540218B1C8CD49" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Male genitalia</emphasis>
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(n = 7; Figs
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<figureCitation id="13FAA75C91F4608EB93D0B5587FED5DC" captionStart="Figures 3–8" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 3 - 8. Male genitalia. 3 - 5. Perizoma barrassoi (3. Austria, Riedenberg; 4. Germany: Eschenlohe; 5. France, Pyrenees, Porte); 6 - 8. Perizoma incultaria (6. Austria, Brandenberg; 7. Italy, Friuli, Altiplano Montasio; 8. Italy, southern Tyrol, Sulden). Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.44.58871.figures3-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/510135" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">3-5</figureCitation>
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). The genitalia of the newly attributed Alpine populations are well matched to those of the holotype, i.e. showing comparatively narrow valvae, ventral and dorsal margins approximately parallel, costa of valva narrow from base to apex, at apex narrowly tapering (cf.
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||
<bibRefCitation id="8AB43941DC06E69AD0022776F22E8D85" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004387485" author="Mueller, B" journalOrPublisher="Brill, Leiden" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" refId="B20" refString="Mueller, B, Erlacher, S, Hausmann, A, Rajaei, H, Sihvonen, P, Skou, P, 2019. Ennominae II. In: Hausmann A, Sihvonen P, Rajaei H (Eds) The Geometrid Moths of Europe, vol. 6. Brill, Leiden, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004387485" title="Ennominae II. In: Hausmann A, Sihvonen P, Rajaei H (Eds) The Geometrid Moths of Europe, vol. 6." url="https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004387485" year="2019">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="59AC14DE3DD64181A2E6E5EDFB2150A6" originalValue="Müller">Mueller</normalizedToken>
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et al. 2019
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
). Anal tube strongly developed, spinulose at tip. Head of (fused) labides comparatively large. Aedeagus with five to nine small cornuti of 0.1 mm (basalmost) to 0.25 mm (distalmost), cornuti not dilated at base. Length of aedeagus 0.9-1.1 mm.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="549F579AAA6B3585880FDD8680BD50E9" doi="10.3897/nl.44.58871.figures1-2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/510134" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" start="Figures 1, 2" startId="F1">
|
||
<paragraph id="3EDF07CF73476DE2D3587F961260744E" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
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<emphasis id="5BA928FE2086275CD352BE301F57CF9C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Figures 1, 2.</emphasis>
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Adults (females).
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<emphasis id="11EA34A07E85491C1587786A8FA65C52" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">1.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C4B5701E5A011CA4ACB5BADAAFC23E" authorityName="Zahm, Cieslak & Hausmann" authorityYear="2006" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Perizoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Perizoma barrassoi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barrassoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="66E24E30BF56558C1BC71A835F9F33A1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Perizoma barrassoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Austria, Riedenberg);
|
||
<emphasis id="3532B3A63911A2C8A79CEFCC944D73A3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8CA47A481A25CAA6FBFD1FEDB4A0BFFF" baseAuthorityName="Herrich-Schaffer" baseAuthorityYear="1848" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Perizoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Perizoma incultaria" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incultaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="82C2E128CB5E8A68D7A8F67D9CF563F4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Perizoma incultaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Germany, Hirschberg). Scale bars: 1 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="30FB4925411F7A3BAB995A108EE4D1B7" doi="10.3897/nl.44.58871.figures3-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/510135" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" start="Figures 3–8" startId="F2">
|
||
<paragraph id="0FF942BAB84E854CEB660D8251824C37" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="E51149ED5804A289526890D216F8F01C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Figures 3-8.</emphasis>
|
||
Male genitalia.
|
||
<emphasis id="2FEC7ADD7855BB266A144B9E79D64214" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">3-5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CFAC8A5D7F2BDD7F17D90C1B7548B107" authorityName="Zahm, Cieslak & Hausmann" authorityYear="2006" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Perizoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Perizoma barrassoi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barrassoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="0D85BBF3C3BA7A96D1AB9B2EF144D2F6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Perizoma barrassoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="C595FFC77DD4CCA92896AD0A32B4FEAC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">3.</emphasis>
|
||
Austria, Riedenberg;
|
||
<emphasis id="744BB2826407404FFCC13C9026639B47" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">4.</emphasis>
|
||
Germany: Eschenlohe;
|
||
<emphasis id="4F0D7B0B00566379E05EC8611B59AE7D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">5.</emphasis>
|
||
France, Pyrenees,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C6FAE1BC9749C33F0C23B24C0791B1D8" originalValue="Porté">Porte</normalizedToken>
|
||
);
|
||
<emphasis id="5DCFC393A9522D7A467943EC1F711A5E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">6-8.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B0B8FB5C223B730C6AECF58CA5C8D3F0" baseAuthorityName="Herrich-Schaffer" baseAuthorityYear="1848" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Perizoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Perizoma incultaria" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incultaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="69CCFAA53F57B519C49A1937E55E7A1A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Perizoma incultaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="8694CBC9FD76BB53BF7A7ADBDA699311" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">6.</emphasis>
|
||
Austria, Brandenberg;
|
||
<emphasis id="61BC757C364BB37EFBD09D7AEBD2F9A1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">7.</emphasis>
|
||
Italy, Friuli, Altiplano Montasio;
|
||
<emphasis id="4A4AE83CA7427DC21BBDAE59D2BA948E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">8.</emphasis>
|
||
Italy, southern Tyrol, Sulden). Scale bar: 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="53AFE8C0CDD64F7796680BB7A91AAF54" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="2B79CF8B5AC524378C424F9ADA26C22B" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Female genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(n = 6; Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="1F025CE96B4FB0B47B9569949FDF870C" captionStart="Figures 9–14" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 9 - 14. Female genitalia. 9 - 11. Perizoma barrassoi (9. Austria, Feichten; 10. French Alps: Cayolle; 11. France, Pyrenees, Col de Puymorens); 12 - 14. Perizoma incultaria (12. Germany, Hochfelln; 13. Germany, Koblat; 14. Italy, Mt. Grappa). Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.44.58871.figures9-14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/510136" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">9-11</figureCitation>
|
||
). The genitalia of the newly attributed Alpine populations are well matched to those of the central Italian female as figured in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A2B53F7149F6C3488AFBD817CE8816E8" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004387485" author="Mueller, B" journalOrPublisher="Brill, Leiden" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" refId="B20" refString="Mueller, B, Erlacher, S, Hausmann, A, Rajaei, H, Sihvonen, P, Skou, P, 2019. Ennominae II. In: Hausmann A, Sihvonen P, Rajaei H (Eds) The Geometrid Moths of Europe, vol. 6. Brill, Leiden, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004387485" title="Ennominae II. In: Hausmann A, Sihvonen P, Rajaei H (Eds) The Geometrid Moths of Europe, vol. 6." url="https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004387485" year="2019">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="062DC2672B9F2C90331F2EBB0E9B848A" originalValue="Müller">Mueller</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. (2019)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Apophyses fine, tapered at apices. Colliculum (in earlier publications referred to as 'ductus
|
||
<normalizedToken id="1537FC13297ADFA10165590618E59913" originalValue="bursae’">bursae'</normalizedToken>
|
||
but homology with colliculum postulated in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="48883AB4751DDAC3903EB60226943B97" author="Mironov, V" journalOrPublisher="Apollo Books, Stenstrup" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" refId="B19" refString="Mironov, V, 2003. Larentinae II. In: Hausmann A (Ed.) The Geometrid Moths of Europe, vol. 4. Apollo Books, Stenstrup" title="Larentinae II. In: Hausmann A (Ed.) The Geometrid Moths of Europe, vol. 4." year="2003">Mironov 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) elongate, length 0.37-0.5 mm, in one specimen 0.6 mm), parallel-sided almost over the whole length. Corpus bursae small, often globular. Scobinate signum small, round, lateral spinules weak, diameter 0.10-0.17 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="79CFB22839DE1BEBD4147C7BCEE66B52" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" type="differential diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="23439E3C4318EA5D9FCE4322FF33B17A" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Differential diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9FB06C745687724168A56E57FB94CC21" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
|
||
In external appearance (wing shape, wing coloration, pattern), the newly attributed populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A06313E28AB87066D68EFA25C8A5F758" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Saxifragaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. barrassoi" order="Saxifragales" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="barrassoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="C0A4C6D0F09051AEC0FB4CFF0AEF08D2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">P. barrassoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Alps and the Pyrenees do not exhibit significant and constant differences from the sympatric
|
||
<taxonomicName id="16C9DF62CD722C5ADD6CEC4EDD09B971" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Saxifragaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. incultaria" order="Saxifragales" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="incultaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="B0E1EF7DBF4ADE0EC73BB44FF8372B6F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">P. incultaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The latter differs in male genitalia (n = 23; Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="6CDF40C026810AF826EF2DF0AEBB48D6" captionStart="Figures 3–8" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 3 - 8. Male genitalia. 3 - 5. Perizoma barrassoi (3. Austria, Riedenberg; 4. Germany: Eschenlohe; 5. France, Pyrenees, Porte); 6 - 8. Perizoma incultaria (6. Austria, Brandenberg; 7. Italy, Friuli, Altiplano Montasio; 8. Italy, southern Tyrol, Sulden). Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.44.58871.figures3-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/510135" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">6-8</figureCitation>
|
||
) with much broader costa of valva which is dilated towards apex and ending in a small, sclerotized, beak-shaped process and bearing a conspicuous setal tuft. Aedeagus with stout cornuti (5-7), the distalmost being the largest, usually curved and dilated at base. Female genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="105231035E28712C88C854DBF634DD0F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Saxifragaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. incultaria" order="Saxifragales" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="incultaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="D45891B172DD40CC4CB01C4F4028AE0F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">P. incultaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(n = 10; Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="2FED6D0DC1BF0E72538F98F8EA9D87D6" captionStart="Figures 9–14" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 9 - 14. Female genitalia. 9 - 11. Perizoma barrassoi (9. Austria, Feichten; 10. French Alps: Cayolle; 11. France, Pyrenees, Col de Puymorens); 12 - 14. Perizoma incultaria (12. Germany, Hochfelln; 13. Germany, Koblat; 14. Italy, Mt. Grappa). Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.44.58871.figures9-14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/510136" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">12-14</figureCitation>
|
||
) are similar to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84BC48AAA09B5189444E70D4E96FC511" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Saxifragaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. barrassoi" order="Saxifragales" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="barrassoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="46EECFB31196CA09C8581AAACBEE5619" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">P. barrassoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but in the former the colliculum is longer (0.6-0.7 mm), signum larger, more elongate, often triangular, length 0.13-0.3 mm, lateral spinules stout.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E9CB2BA347F546918727066D0A0C4118" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="C9849A77859F6F76D07B7C17CDA46502" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5D33DEF493C7060A31A3F8F586BCA44C" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
|
||
Recorded in central Italy (locus typicus: Maiella mountains; Mt. Terminillo), Pyrenees, French Alps, and in a section of the central part of the Alps with records, so far, restricted to eastern and northern Tyrol (Austria) and to southernmost Bavaria (Germany), as a sympatric, sibling species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2E75B7547779763DA5568DEF040CE6A" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Saxifragaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. incultaria" order="Saxifragales" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="incultaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CC1A6572EBFAEFA4D498E0D7C3C2562" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">P. incultaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see examined material and genetic data). Furthermore an isolated occurrence was detected in northern Italy (Adamello).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B6B684E91CA8C5B6C08E61B6CD453E71" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" type="phenology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8A3F80FF3A54ACD70BF66BD791571E89" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Phenology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FDBAF8DACDA7E554D0A99A06B09E6A5E" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
|
||
Univoltine, the two central Italian records are from mid-July and late July, in the Pyrenees and French Alps the species flies from early July to early August. The remaining records from the Alps, however, refer to much earlier dates, from mid-April to late May, the single specimen from eastern Tyrol in mid-June and specimens from northern Italy in late June. Therefore, when occurring sympatrically,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="184DD3F588F14A1EF3BA3CEAEFF69C3E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Saxifragaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. barrassoi" order="Saxifragales" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="barrassoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="108656CCB964872603E38D04202FE2E8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">P. barrassoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
flies earlier than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BBFCA44D9C9BA5A0AE5E7940794F007A" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Saxifragaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. incultaria" order="Saxifragales" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="incultaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="BE04F6AA01BAF5AFDAF84F1CEBCDAEDE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">P. incultaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
whose Alpine populations are usually on the wing from early June to early August.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="BF70035282A06D74D884BC28BABDA485" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="44589E64F69637AAF999C2FAE6920215" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Biology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="87892DC1112A1B0E32B88C80C1768BC3" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
|
||
The larval stages are unknown. Larvae of the sister species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="71708780626FA44F51275442B72CE73B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Saxifragaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. incultaria" order="Saxifragales" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="incultaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="BC523D35EA2F6CEFC4BC582A86EF1F6E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">P. incultaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
feed on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CFC6D63C980F1FC09A912559BE285AE3" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Primulaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Primulales" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="family">Primulaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(first stages), later instars also on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ECADB029E4F0F74F52706FF5ECD1085C" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Saxifragaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Saxifragales" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Saxifragaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Representatives of both plant families are abundant at the collecting sites of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9A321215869CECB141D7ECAD39EB45E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Saxifragaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. barrassoi" order="Saxifragales" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="barrassoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95AEC331D0825020C7151F02B6E4806" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">P. barrassoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3701E98D336EA98281E1A9D74E6662FA" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" type="habitat">
|
||
<paragraph id="D91345BCAD39F820287F6D8A49F2F2DA" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Habitat.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4A569813DD897CDC29E08C1E64A9CC8C" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
|
||
Montane. Collected on karstic slopes at 2500 m in the Maiella and 1800 m on Mt. Terminillo. In French Alps and Pyrenees from 1500 m up to 2100 m and in northern Italy (Adamello) occurring at 2450 m. In the Bavarian and Austrian Alps collected from much lower elevations in valleys from 1000 m up to 1300 m (Bavaria; northern Tyrol) (n = 29) with only one specimen from eastern Tyrol recorded at 1700 m, while the vertical distribution of sympatric
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0564CBCFA0A15B60EEDCED1D38E24506" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Saxifragaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. incultaria" order="Saxifragales" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="incultaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="39821876EF985889684C01975887EAD6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">P. incultaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ranges from 1700 m up to 3200 m, with very few exceptions.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A7BFFA7195ECA9D92CD5364EF7BB464E" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" type="genetic data">
|
||
<paragraph id="E3F93E9FE7BC3877BF854A2B822AB719" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Genetic data</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F3EF2ACC20BD6FBC86192DA0E5A4071B" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="06DFEB769B6BBC871ADF5E85AE86E865" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">(DNA barcodes and nuclear genomic data).</emphasis>
|
||
The specimen from Mt. Terminillo was DNA barcoded with an HTS approach, resulting in a 658 bp sequence including an 89 bp n-gap. BIN: BOLD:ACJ5976 (n = 1 from central Italy). Six specimens from Austria, south-western Bavaria and northern Italy are BIN-sharing, at a distance of only 1.1% from central Italian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AE1FA7DC993835BE28EAD8F0A7482D4B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Saxifragaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. barrassoi" order="Saxifragales" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="barrassoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="4BC3D3B7BAB3A744995D7378246FE3E3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">P. barrassoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The genetic divergence from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="093BA4A8BF9A3FA85EB59719584D2B5E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Saxifragaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. incultaria" order="Saxifragales" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="incultaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="CA67E563F41ABDA8D1CA21526AAE2B73" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">P. incultaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is strongly correlated with the differential features in genitalia and bionomic traits (see above). Nearest species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27CB7783E91D13862DED654132A31245" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Saxifragaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. incultaria" order="Saxifragales" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="incultaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="47E414CD47E0990FF834E49F200E35D2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">P. incultaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(8.5%; n = 19 from Germany, Austria and northern Italy; BIN BOLD:AAF5044). The distinctness of Alpine
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2187E7564E5B71ED7CAD8521684FD69E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Saxifragaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. barrassoi" order="Saxifragales" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="barrassoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EAA825C0EC034D59760909ED3B87D0A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">P. barrassoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60780F8895F52A122EDE18C5D441203C" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Saxifragaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. incultaria" order="Saxifragales" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="incultaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B3DF158D4DDA4CAD23DF9FC8B76D59E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">P. incultaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at species level was confirmed by ddRAD-sequencing involving nuclear loci (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2D0D80BCB72B174FD85B2AC64DB530CC" author="Mutanen, M" journalOrPublisher="Brill, Leiden" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" refId="B21" refString="Mutanen, M, Lee, KM, Hausmann, A, Hebert, PDN, Huemer, P, Lopez Vaamonde, C, Rougerie, R, Segerer, A, 2017. A genomic perspective on deep DNA barcode splits in European Lepidoptera. Abstracts 20th European Congress of Lepidopterology, Podgora, Croatia: 70." title="A genomic perspective on deep DNA barcode splits in European Lepidoptera. Abstracts 20 th European Congress of Lepidopterology, Podgora, Croatia: 70." year="2017">Mutanen et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Two specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AC56F967ABC886BEC47EF6A9C59E6451" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Saxifragaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. incultaria" order="Saxifragales" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="incultaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="A310A110B5427E33EFF022BCFB9852A4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">P. incultaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the type locality near Gastein (Austria, Salzburg) could be sequenced, using the HTS approach for old museum material and revealed to belong to BIN BOLD:AAF5044, confirming the suggestion of species identity as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="818C968F1E93CC29E0997EF44926B71E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Saxifragaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. incultaria" order="Saxifragales" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="incultaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="134914856DF660F06198874D7BF3FE90" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">P. incultaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as inferred from the comparatively high elevation (1800-2000 m).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="E336180ABBF5D83D0A9F8EF3E4563559" doi="10.3897/nl.44.58871.figures9-14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/510136" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" start="Figures 9–14" startId="F3">
|
||
<paragraph id="F2B84D34E8CB0BB72F868EA466B63C72" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="046179254F92CFD1484C87AD63145305" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Figures 9-14.</emphasis>
|
||
Female genitalia.
|
||
<emphasis id="360D8BDCFAA345A76152CD8BDC8458BA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">9-11.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41E741AB0F0F2921A6C6D002FDA77F85" authorityName="Zahm, Cieslak & Hausmann" authorityYear="2006" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Perizoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Perizoma barrassoi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barrassoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="5BB02D2DED2C6E1F881F680709566FF5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Perizoma barrassoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="97539A5A35E0F64C7A3A2E0BA2A0F47F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">9.</emphasis>
|
||
Austria, Feichten;
|
||
<emphasis id="14CF45092B0F6A8AEFECA2FA0A49FC6A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">10.</emphasis>
|
||
French Alps: Cayolle;
|
||
<emphasis id="CFAB6816F1F3E805A1A41E9FFF491688" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">11.</emphasis>
|
||
France, Pyrenees, Col de Puymorens);
|
||
<emphasis id="3305EC67DC04E55FC2AAE8C6E0A974C5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">12-14.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CE1EA7D2681A215C9790D9ABEFAA5CD6" baseAuthorityName="Herrich-Schaffer" baseAuthorityYear="1848" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Perizoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Perizoma incultaria" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incultaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="88B3748C62B33250B7D8EBBE850932B5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Perizoma incultaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="ACE6FC910721CA923DDF22E225F39EFA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">12.</emphasis>
|
||
Germany, Hochfelln;
|
||
<emphasis id="0458BB1CDD39D04DEACB1145F200285E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">13.</emphasis>
|
||
Germany, Koblat;
|
||
<emphasis id="63B8C9B3F1A1A99D6E4BDAEE15DD0BF9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">14.</emphasis>
|
||
Italy, Mt. Grappa). Scale bar: 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="30272C4555FE552860D2531799F720F2" doi="10.3897/nl.44.58871.figures15-20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/510137" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" start="Figures 15–20" startId="F4">
|
||
<paragraph id="F8B7420908E81CB276503ECB7416C0A1" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="50AE23B6173F1588FC4B2DD1AFD6D322" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Figures 15-20.</emphasis>
|
||
Details of female genitalia: Signum.
|
||
<emphasis id="FC1F7609AA845C02687DD0F6F71A39B2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">15-17.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="97E87FA2EA21823FBE8C0215FE336406" authorityName="Zahm, Cieslak & Hausmann" authorityYear="2006" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Perizoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Perizoma barrassoi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barrassoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="E01D0298E367B7360FC72736E9B5D604" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Perizoma barrassoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(same slides as Figures
|
||
<figureCitation id="42CA5734BBA5B8D456A21D321CB9D192" captionStart="Figures 9–14" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 9 - 14. Female genitalia. 9 - 11. Perizoma barrassoi (9. Austria, Feichten; 10. French Alps: Cayolle; 11. France, Pyrenees, Col de Puymorens); 12 - 14. Perizoma incultaria (12. Germany, Hochfelln; 13. Germany, Koblat; 14. Italy, Mt. Grappa). Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.44.58871.figures9-14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/510136" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">9-11</figureCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<emphasis id="81F3AED42C10217C94FDC4D54E8F90E4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">18-20.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="785FCA199D5A953D788AE2276BD1AD9C" baseAuthorityName="Herrich-Schaffer" baseAuthorityYear="1848" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Perizoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Perizoma incultaria" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incultaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="C709D3A44EC3E58F9F98D3BDDC047717" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Perizoma incultaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(same slides as Figures
|
||
<figureCitation id="E80CC01B771CDEA3F273AC5DD8E8390A" captionStart="Figures 9–14" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 9 - 14. Female genitalia. 9 - 11. Perizoma barrassoi (9. Austria, Feichten; 10. French Alps: Cayolle; 11. France, Pyrenees, Col de Puymorens); 12 - 14. Perizoma incultaria (12. Germany, Hochfelln; 13. Germany, Koblat; 14. Italy, Mt. Grappa). Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.44.58871.figures9-14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/510136" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">12-14</figureCitation>
|
||
). Scale bar: 0.1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D0EF05B786EFC2E65009AB035D5EA597" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" type="data exploration and phylogenetic analyses based on snp data">
|
||
<paragraph id="2E50FFA83F417B64C4BE37A6089EE5A5" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Data exploration and phylogenetic analyses based on SNP data.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DB51A1CD0CC1A1958F716417FE09F517" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
|
||
We generated a genome-wide set of genetic clusters from 8 individuals of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31CC382FA0CC84603D64A9C6B0E51377" baseAuthorityName="Herrich-Schaffer" baseAuthorityYear="1848" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Perizoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Perizoma incultaria" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incultaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="BCDDD3CCD2E654D3FCA5E65700795642" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Perizoma incultaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
using ddRAD sequencing, and used this data set to perform phylogenetic analyses. We obtained 1.54 million reads per individual on average, of which 84.8% were retained after stringent quality filtering steps. After filtering and clustering at 95% sequence similarity using '
|
||
<emphasis id="B263A5F64AA5370AD16A869038F7E2EC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">de novo</emphasis>
|
||
' assembly method, we recovered 1,042 putative orthologues shared across more than three samples, for a total length of 193,994 base pairs (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="FD069016D59CA9C5BAF472B98251222E" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 21. Maximum likelihood trees inferred from the ddRAD data matrices based on (a.) de novo assembly and (b.) reference assembly method against Operophtera brumata genome (GCA _ 001266575). Bootstrap support values are indicated above the branches and only the values> 50 % are shown. The barplot shows the assignments of individuals into two genetic clusters, the green clusters referring to Perizoma incultaria, the orange clusters to P. barrassoi. Each bar represents one individual and colors represent the proportion of the individuals that belong to each of the genetic cluster. Samples infected with Wolbachia are marked with an asterisk." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.44.58871.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/510138" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">21A</figureCitation>
|
||
). These data include 1,678 SNPs, of which 200 are parsimony informative. For the
|
||
<normalizedToken id="9C8A47EB550A0948B7E971D1971760E2" originalValue="‘reference’">'reference'</normalizedToken>
|
||
assembly, an average of 1,298 reads per sample was mapped to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9A09681C07FCFB6D7BAAA69791A2BCAF" class="Hexapoda" family="Geometridae" genus="Operophtera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Operophtera brumata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brumata">
|
||
<emphasis id="E50282B8ACAA2EAAC7BF76275F31FBF8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Operophtera brumata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
genome, while an average of 107,289 reads per sample remained unmapped. Because the reference species is only distantly related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="390A66C2FFD794159DFC9F19F57C64AE" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Perizoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Perizoma" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5D615CB4CF677D134590D3EE34AD7C64" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Perizoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the sample 'BC ZSM Lep 84546' was dropped out in the reference assembly due to the lack of mapped reads to the reference genome. After filtering, 222 clusters per sample were obtained, with 45.13 per sample for cluster depth on average. The final dataset from the reference assembly consisted of 50 recovered loci across more than three individuals (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="DE3BF191DE3030E37358942B1C306207" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 21. Maximum likelihood trees inferred from the ddRAD data matrices based on (a.) de novo assembly and (b.) reference assembly method against Operophtera brumata genome (GCA _ 001266575). Bootstrap support values are indicated above the branches and only the values> 50 % are shown. The barplot shows the assignments of individuals into two genetic clusters, the green clusters referring to Perizoma incultaria, the orange clusters to P. barrassoi. Each bar represents one individual and colors represent the proportion of the individuals that belong to each of the genetic cluster. Samples infected with Wolbachia are marked with an asterisk." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.44.58871.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/510138" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">21B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Phylogenetic analysis using the concatenated ddRAD dataset produced robust support for the relationship between the individuals (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="88844586E7FAF9DB6BFA034BD27F2CF7" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 21. Maximum likelihood trees inferred from the ddRAD data matrices based on (a.) de novo assembly and (b.) reference assembly method against Operophtera brumata genome (GCA _ 001266575). Bootstrap support values are indicated above the branches and only the values> 50 % are shown. The barplot shows the assignments of individuals into two genetic clusters, the green clusters referring to Perizoma incultaria, the orange clusters to P. barrassoi. Each bar represents one individual and colors represent the proportion of the individuals that belong to each of the genetic cluster. Samples infected with Wolbachia are marked with an asterisk." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.44.58871.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/510138" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">21</figureCitation>
|
||
). The ML tree based on the reference assembly produced a remarkably congruent tree with the tree of
|
||
<emphasis id="2FB6D4467AFF0CF17CCAEAECF9E373A8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">de novo</emphasis>
|
||
assembly. In both ML trees, the two revealed lineages correspond to cluster A (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="388F9708E72A78A601D7B2267081E739" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Saxifragaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. incultaria" order="Saxifragales" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="incultaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="4040486C3B74A9841EFB94F813048A45" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">P. incultaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, marked with green) and cluster B (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CA265BD976DAF92C9B5465AF9D090666" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Saxifragaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. barrassoi" order="Saxifragales" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="barrassoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="5FCD2DBBE87C51714FDD93FFB8E53DA4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">P. barrassoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, marked with orange) that was supported by 100% bootstrap support values. STRUCTURE also identified two discrete clusters (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="C18876E3B9888D5A76A3D94B2D1380CF" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 21. Maximum likelihood trees inferred from the ddRAD data matrices based on (a.) de novo assembly and (b.) reference assembly method against Operophtera brumata genome (GCA _ 001266575). Bootstrap support values are indicated above the branches and only the values> 50 % are shown. The barplot shows the assignments of individuals into two genetic clusters, the green clusters referring to Perizoma incultaria, the orange clusters to P. barrassoi. Each bar represents one individual and colors represent the proportion of the individuals that belong to each of the genetic cluster. Samples infected with Wolbachia are marked with an asterisk." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.44.58871.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/510138" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">21</figureCitation>
|
||
). Only one of the eight examined samples (' TLMF Lep 00264') was
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C1BD3A67C478BB2226D03DAFA2103840" authorityName="Hertig" authorityYear="1936" class="Alphaproteobacteria" family="Anaplasmataceae" genus="Wolbachia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Bacteria" lsidName="Wolbachia" order="Rickettsiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Proteobacteria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="41E8F3BCDBC5E2B2937FA124D975DBB9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Wolbachia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
infected.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |