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<mods:title id="3D4BEA56B6455FE7BC48F286248BCCCB">Diagnostics and updated checklist of Oriental Pseudopostega (Opostegidae) including the matrona species group with a new, extralimital species discovered in the Mediterranean</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3FFAE11162574FE50E650FB7B58C2B0F">Remeikis, Andrius</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="40E1468DE463C08B0EF10E2EACBE6192">Nature Research Centre, Akademijos St. 2, LT- 08412, Vilnius, Lithuania. &amp; remeikis. andrew @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9310 - 1112</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="5EFA549DF5E9FE35F30ED01033F7531F">Solis, M. Alma</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="A22ED33451AF91BECF953C84CCF5D350">Systematic Entomology Laboratory, ARS, USDA, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C., 20013 - 7012, USA. &amp; alma. solis @ usda. gov; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6379 - 1004</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="D6558794FE2CFF916DA0F914550EB4A7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4567095" ID-GBIF-Taxon="179917960" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4567095" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D6558794FE2CFF916DA0F914550EB4A7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D6558794FE2CFF916DA0F914550EB4A7" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="346" pageId="3" pageNumber="344">
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<paragraph id="5E433682FE2CFF976DA0F9145103B3C8" blockId="3.[151,370,1698,1725]" box="[151,370,1698,1725]" pageId="3" pageNumber="344">
<heading id="050B81EEFE2CFF976DA0F9145103B3C8" bold="true" box="[151,370,1698,1725]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="344" reason="1">
<emphasis id="6C88EA90FE2CFF976DA0F9145103B3C8" bold="true" box="[151,370,1698,1725]" pageId="3" pageNumber="344">
The
<taxonomicName id="99FC4D01FE2CFF976DF8F9155151B3C8" ID-CoL="4P8R5" baseAuthorityName="Meyrick" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[207,288,1698,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Opostegidae" genus="Pseudopostega" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="344" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frigida">
<emphasis id="6C88EA90FE2CFF976DF8F9155151B3C8" bold="true" box="[207,288,1698,1725]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="344">frigida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="16E66509FE2CFF976DA0F95C5247B2A8" pageId="3" pageNumber="344" type="description">
<paragraph id="5E433682FE2CFF976DA0F95C5247B2A8" blockId="3.[151,1436,1771,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="344">
Externally, species are characterized by dark markings (a spot or fascia) on the costal margin of the forewing; a frontal tuft that is pure white to golden cream or dull yellow (
<taxonomicName id="99FC4D01FE2CFF976E7BF8B853B6B25C" baseAuthorityName="Meyrick" baseAuthorityYear="1916" box="[844,967,1807,1833]" class="Insecta" family="Opostegidae" genus="Pseudopostega" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="344" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="myxodes">
<emphasis id="6C88EA90FE2CFF976E7BF8B853B6B25C" box="[844,967,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="344">P. myxodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), or orange-ochre (
<taxonomicName id="99FC4D01FE2CFF976995F8B85535B25C" baseAuthorityName="Meyrick" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[1186,1348,1807,1833]" class="Insecta" family="Opostegidae" genus="Pseudopostega" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="344" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subviolacea">
<emphasis id="6C88EA90FE2CFF976995F8B85535B25C" box="[1186,1348,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="344">P. subviolacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). In the male genitalia, the uncus possesses two slender, short or long lateral lobes; the gnathos is a large plate with a distinctive, wide, spiny caudal process; and the vinculum has a distinctive, long, rod-like juxta (
<figureCitation id="C6C72A07FE2CFF97699AF8E0549EB204" box="[1197,1263,1879,1905]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1904,1928]" captionTargetBox="[177,1411,192,1870]" captionTargetId="figure-18@4.[169,1417,181,1880]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Pictorial diagnostic tool for identification of Oriental Pseudopostega species groups (Note: the morphological structures are drawn in different scales). * except for P. similantis with an indistinctive dorsal spot; ** formerly the nigrimaculella group; *** Mediterranean P. matrona sp. nov., described below" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4554948" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4554948/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="344">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). In the female genitalia, apophyses are long; anal papillae are modified into a single, round, oval or triangular element (
<figureCitation id="C6C72A07FE2CFF976829F8CC552FB2E0" box="[1310,1374,1915,1941]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1904,1928]" captionTargetBox="[177,1411,192,1870]" captionTargetId="figure-18@4.[169,1417,181,1880]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Pictorial diagnostic tool for identification of Oriental Pseudopostega species groups (Note: the morphological structures are drawn in different scales). * except for P. similantis with an indistinctive dorsal spot; ** formerly the nigrimaculella group; *** Mediterranean P. matrona sp. nov., described below" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4554948" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4554948/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="344">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
) (see Discussion); the signum is absent (
<taxonomicName id="99FC4D01FE2CFF976F17F82852EDB2CC" baseAuthorityName="Meyrick" baseAuthorityYear="1916" box="[544,668,1951,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Opostegidae" genus="Pseudopostega" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="344" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="myxodes">
<emphasis id="6C88EA90FE2CFF976F17F82852EDB2CC" box="[544,668,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="344">P. myxodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), weakly developed, indistinctive (
<taxonomicName id="99FC4D01FE2CFF97691FF82854A7B2CC" box="[1064,1238,1951,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Opostegidae" genus="Pseudopostega" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="344" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subviolaceae">
<emphasis id="6C88EA90FE2CFF97691FF82854A7B2CC" box="[1064,1238,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="344">P. subviolaceae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="99FC4D01FE2CFF9769D2F828551CB2CC" authorityName="Puplesis &amp; Robinson" authorityYear="1999" box="[1253,1389,1951,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Opostegidae" genus="Pseudopostega" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="344" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="similantis">
<emphasis id="6C88EA90FE2CFF9769D2F828551CB2CC" box="[1253,1389,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="344">P. similantis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), or well-developed, lamellar (
<taxonomicName id="99FC4D01FE2CFF976C89F8745254B2A8" baseAuthorityName="Meyrick" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[446,549,1987,2013]" class="Insecta" family="Opostegidae" genus="Pseudopostega" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="344" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frigida">
<emphasis id="6C88EA90FE2CFF976C89F8745254B2A8" box="[446,549,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="344">P. frigida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="0A83660AFE2BFF906DA0F8C75183B281" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4554948" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4554948" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4554948/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="345" startId="4.[151,250,1904,1928]" targetBox="[177,1411,192,1870]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="5E433682FE2BFF906DA0F8C75183B281" blockId="4.[151,1437,1904,2036]" pageId="4" pageNumber="345">
<emphasis id="6C88EA90FE2BFF906DA0F8C75167B2FD" bold="true" box="[151,278,1904,1928]" pageId="4" pageNumber="345">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
Pictorial diagnostic tool for identification of Oriental
<taxonomicName id="99FC4D01FE2BFF906E64F8C7539DB2FD" box="[851,1004,1904,1928]" class="Insecta" family="Opostegidae" genus="Pseudopostega" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="345" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C88EA90FE2BFF906E64F8C7539DB2FD" box="[851,1004,1904,1928]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="345">Pseudopostega</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species groups (Note: the morphological structures are drawn in different scales). * except for
<taxonomicName id="99FC4D01FE2BFF906C18F80E51DDB2A5" authorityName="Puplesis &amp; Robinson" authorityYear="1999" box="[303,428,1976,2000]" class="Insecta" family="Opostegidae" genus="Pseudopostega" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="345" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="similantis">
<emphasis id="6C88EA90FE2BFF906C18F80E51DDB2A5" box="[303,428,1976,2000]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="345">P. similantis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with an indistinctive dorsal spot; ** formerly the
<taxonomicName id="99FC4D01FE2BFF906EF1F80F542AB2A5" authorityName="Puplesis &amp; Robinson" authorityYear="1999" box="[966,1115,1976,2000]" class="Insecta" family="Opostegidae" genus="Pseudopostega" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="345" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrimaculella">
<emphasis id="6C88EA90FE2BFF906EF1F80F542AB2A5" box="[966,1115,1976,2000]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="345">nigrimaculella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group; *** Mediterranean
<taxonomicName id="99FC4D01FE2BFF9068BDF80E509DB281" authority="Stonis &amp; Remeikis &amp; Solis &amp; Karsholt, 2021" authorityName="Stonis &amp; Remeikis &amp; Solis &amp; Karsholt" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Opostegidae" genus="Pseudopostega" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="345" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="matrona" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="6C88EA90FE2BFF9068BDF80E509DB281" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="345">P. matrona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="77BB57EBFE2BFF906DC5F86A5132B281" box="[242,323,2013,2036]" pageId="4" pageNumber="345" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, described below
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="16E66509FE2AFF916DF0FF2052D7B5A0" pageId="5" pageNumber="346" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="5E433682FE2AFF916DF0FF2052D7B5A0" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,466]" pageId="5" pageNumber="346">
From other groups of Oriental
<taxonomicName id="99FC4D01FE2AFF916F14FF2052BCB5C4" box="[547,717,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Opostegidae" genus="Pseudopostega" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="346" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C88EA90FE2AFF916F14FF2052BCB5C4" box="[547,717,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="346">Pseudopostega</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the
<taxonomicName id="99FC4D01FE2AFF916E31FF205323B5C4" baseAuthorityName="Meyrick" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[774,850,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Opostegidae" genus="Pseudopostega" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="346" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frigida">
<emphasis id="6C88EA90FE2AFF916E31FF205323B5C4" box="[774,850,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="346">frigida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group is distinguished by the combination of costal markings of the forewing, and a spiny gnathos.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="16E66509FE2AFF916DF0FF6851E0B468" pageId="5" pageNumber="346" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="5E433682FE2AFF916DF0FF6851E0B468" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,466]" pageId="5" pageNumber="346">
Distribution. Currently the group is comprised of five species distributed in
<collectingCountry id="26EB7612FE2AFF916921FF685423B58C" box="[1046,1106,223,249]" name="India" pageId="5" pageNumber="346">India</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="26EB7612FE2AFF91696AFF6854D2B58C" box="[1117,1187,223,249]" name="Nepal" pageId="5" pageNumber="346">Nepal</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="26EB7612FE2AFF91699AFF68556FB58C" box="[1197,1310,223,249]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="5" pageNumber="346">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="26EB7612FE2AFF91681FFF6855E9B58C" box="[1320,1432,223,249]" name="Indonesia" pageId="5" pageNumber="346">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="26EB7612FE2AFF916DA0FEB4508CB468" box="[151,253,259,285]" name="Thailand" pageId="5" pageNumber="346">Thailand</collectingCountry>
, and
<collectingCountry id="26EB7612FE2AFF916C0FFEB451FFB468" box="[312,398,259,285]" name="Taiwan" pageId="5" pageNumber="346">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="16E66509FE2AFF916DF0FE90550EB4A7" pageId="5" pageNumber="346" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="5E433682FE2AFF916DF0FE905091B4D8" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,466]" pageId="5" pageNumber="346">
Remarks. Previously,
<taxonomicName id="99FC4D01FE2AFF916CF7FE905212B434" baseAuthorityName="Meyrick" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[448,611,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Opostegidae" genus="Pseudopostega" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="346" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subviolacea">
<emphasis id="6C88EA90FE2AFF916CF7FE905212B434" box="[448,611,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="346">P. subviolacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was left unplaced in a species group (
<bibRefCitation id="3A6D4B73FE2AFF91692DFE905512B434" author="Puplesis, R. &amp; Robinson, G. S." box="[1050,1379,295,321]" pageId="5" pageNumber="346" pagination="1 - 92" refId="ref11121" refString="Puplesis, R. &amp; Robinson, G. S. (1999) Revision of the Oriental Opostegidae (Lepidoptera) with general comments on phylogeny within the family. Bulletin of the Natural History Museum, London, Entomology, 68 (1), 1 - 92." type="journal article" year="1999">Puplesis and Robinson 1999</bibRefCitation>
), but upon re-examination of the female genitalia of
<taxonomicName id="99FC4D01FE2AFF916F98FEFC5323B410" baseAuthorityName="Meyrick" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[687,850,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Opostegidae" genus="Pseudopostega" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="346" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subviolacea">
<emphasis id="6C88EA90FE2AFF916F98FEFC5323B410" box="[687,850,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="346">P. subviolacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
we newly attribute this species to the
<taxonomicName id="99FC4D01FE2AFF916830FEFC5522B410" baseAuthorityName="Meyrick" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[1287,1363,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Opostegidae" genus="Pseudopostega" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="346" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frigida">
<emphasis id="6C88EA90FE2AFF916830FEFC5522B410" box="[1287,1363,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="346">frigida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group because the anal papillae are modified into a single element, a character shared with other species in the
<taxonomicName id="99FC4D01FE2AFF916867FED855EDB4FC" baseAuthorityName="Meyrick" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[1360,1436,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Opostegidae" genus="Pseudopostega" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="346" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frigida">
<emphasis id="6C88EA90FE2AFF916867FED855EDB4FC" box="[1360,1436,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="346">frigida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5E433682FE2AFF916DF0FE00550EB4A7" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,466]" box="[199,1407,439,466]" pageId="5" pageNumber="346">The presence of modified anal papillae in the female genitalia makes the group distinctive (see Discussion).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>