80 lines
10 KiB
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80 lines
10 KiB
XML
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<mods:titleInfo id="C22895083879C43AD6829126F6367E07">
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<mods:title id="433FCB00CF47DE66218980CA5E9EA336">Lethrinus ravus, a new species of emperor fish (Perciformes: Lethrinidae) from the western Pacific and eastern Indian oceans.</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm id="E9E70677F623538DE730B996AB42172C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="56F325F6CDE6C5858CA42F7AA8579EC6">Kent E. Carpenter</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="C8BD477C178E6A7F5F9681C1933DA762">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="1FE8EEA150CB090C63F018A17635161E">John E. Randall</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="E814790BA72A193C25F38393D8895F37">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="941F1A178F97253AE0606E0293C01A8D">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="6365CAABFE65C51427ABB90D6E2AA8D3">2003</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="EC9E6DA844A2639687A3865AD9EFC0F0" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="A4CDC4904FCA7BFBCF14B3B5CAB65B91">240</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="3CCF7B2658491A8D28BF825259273CCD">http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:AE832614-4DAE-4C8A-A124-9CFD8002841E</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="31CAE0C26EF1859E6900113B3792EF8F">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="42E6B57C5367584F70CDC67475857596" type="Plazi-Custom">z00240p001</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="D61EBF5A167A3B79536C275B390B7754" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6273842" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100124891" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6273842" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D61EBF5A167A3B79536C275B390B7754" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D61EBF5A167A3B79536C275B390B7754" lastPageNumber="2" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection id="2EE5EBE46D1171E97D3AA0E7F2F47996" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="739A0779216BF92C94D88B30B14749FF">
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[[ Genus
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<taxonomicName id="84E5A8B8BD7043DE0A60D99887E8A51D" ID-CoL="5DPS" ID-ENA="119720" family="Lethrinidae" genus="Lethrinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Lethrinus Valenciennes</taxonomicName>
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]]
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4A2D5F799CD4CF1115318F603CF8BD9E" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="34C60BA9112492BBFE79B1BA0865890E" pageNumber="1">Introduction</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1C19DEC4EB1DA300614314F49D3EF5F3" lastPageNumber="2" pageNumber="1">
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Species of the genus
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<taxonomicName id="BBD6F8FC4246036BC90B15D175D02C5C" family="Lethrinidae" genus="Lethrinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Lethrinus</taxonomicName>
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, the emperor fishes, remain among the most problematic tropical marine coastal fishes to identify (Smith, 1959; Walker, 1975; Sato, 1978; Carpenter& Allen, 1989; Carpenter, 2002). Most of the 29 known species of
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<taxonomicName id="5D23D2FE93C7ECFF57CF8FFC9B8639C0" family="Lethrinidae" genus="Lethrinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Lethrinus</taxonomicName>
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are large and economically important. However, their meristic and morphometric characteristics are conservative making many difficult to differentiate taxonomically. The Lethrinidae is a sister taxon to the Sparidae plus Centracanthidae and together with the Nemipteridae comprise the Sparoidea (Carpenter and Johnson, 2002). The systematic relationships among the five genera of Lethrinidae are as yet unknown, but species of
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<taxonomicName id="73D8E558918F08385CABA2A86389C950" family="Lethrinidae" genus="Lethrinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Lethrinus</taxonomicName>
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are easily distinguished from the other four lethrinid genera (
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<taxonomicName id="38BB3E8D3AB75BE603F8144FD926C9A8" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:630296D0-7881-443C-8B0D-7E3AD7EE8E2E" family="Lethrinidae" genus="Gnathodentex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Gnathodentex Bleeker 1873:41" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Gnathodentex Bleeker, 1873</taxonomicName>
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; Gymnocranius
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<taxonomicName id="89BBF8C3162AF1F189E96694CEFD20E2" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7965C1A1-ACFD-43C8-80A6-334B50A9451D" family="Lethrinidae" genus="Gymnocranius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Gymnocranius Dentex Klunzinger 1870:764" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Klunzinger, 1870</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="9936C019A891730198B8EB4ECFE9D012" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:267C8F9B-6E1D-4E86-A6E8-C286A2F8D894" family="Lethrinidae" genus="Monotaxis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Monotaxis Anonymous & Bennett 1830:688" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Monotaxis Bennett, 1830</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="3544DAA47E843A08BB466BB368B82722" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3E25AF22-CF0F-4F65-84C9-50339554DF14" family="Lethrinidae" genus="Wattsia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Wattsia Chan & Chilvers 1974:85" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Wattsia Chan & Chilvers, 1974</taxonomicName>
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). A phylogeny of most species of emperors has been inferred using molecular systematics (LoGalbo, et al., 2002). Three groups of emperors can be delineated based on dentition and body shape (Carpenter, 1996). These are: high bodied species with molariform teeth, high-bodied species with conical teeth, and low-bodied species with conical teeth. Most of the 12 species that comprise the third group, including the new species described here, appear to form a distinct clade of closely related Indo-Pacific species that prey upon other fishes and mobile invertebrates (LoGalbo et al., 2002).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AFFC630A6400A0B10D5132A783A0EA0F" pageNumber="2">
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The purpose of this paper is to newly describe
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<taxonomicName id="B1C9A6C8A21F85B592228B31CE798895" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C312A0D1-B908-4CD2-9D36-C33F0D2DAFE3" family="Lethrinidae" genus="Lethrinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Lethrinus ravus Carpenter & Randall 2003:3" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ravus">Lethrinus ravus</taxonomicName>
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, and compare it to its proposed sister taxon,
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<taxonomicName id="7EBAD9115C124E0FDAC2041464BBC933" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B050B214-42D8-4C24-8A69-2737DE57C5DA" family="Lethrinidae" genus="Lethrinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Lethrinus semicinctus Valenciennes 1830:294" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="semicinctus">L. semicinctus Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes</taxonomicName>
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(1830). Sato (1978) considered the species
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<taxonomicName id="77DC8B626464E21BE4B3098A3642889A" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B050B214-42D8-4C24-8A69-2737DE57C5DA" family="Lethrinidae" genus="Lethrinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Lethrinus semicinctus Valenciennes 1830:294" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="semicinctus">L. semicinctus</taxonomicName>
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to include two forms. These forms are nearly identical in all meristic and other morphological characteristics except that one has a prominent oblong dark blotch on the sides straddling the lateral line below the soft dorsal fin (Fig. 1a). Carpenter (1989, 2001) considered the two forms as distinct species based on consistent co-occurring differences in color pattern in the Philippines. In addition, he found consistent differences in average number of total scales found in the supratemporal patch of scales. LoGalbo et al. (2002) confirmed these two species are distinct sister species using complete sequences of the cytochrome b gene. Based on type descriptions and examination of type material, the body form with the dark lateral blotch clearly represents
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<taxonomicName id="E1959CA52380678F5A32A622E3D36E7F" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B050B214-42D8-4C24-8A69-2737DE57C5DA" family="Lethrinidae" genus="Lethrinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Lethrinus semicinctus Valenciennes 1830:294" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="semicinctus">L. semicinctus Valenciennes (in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1830)</taxonomicName>
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while the other form is undescribed (Carpenter & Allen, 1989).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |