170 lines
20 KiB
XML
170 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document id="ED8592F4954959E0FAAA77F73B6DBAD1" ENCODING="UTF8" ID-CLB-Dataset="52771" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3a9755cb-5f4e-4a09-bf3e-cf82e4905bad" ModsDocID="22169" checkinTime="1249509823826" checkinUser="christiana" docAuthor="Bolton, B. & Fisher, B. L." docDate="2008" docId="D58CB23699A55E8D5E50DB0CEAC6F7A0" docLanguage="en" docName="22169.xml" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1929" docSource="http://hol.osu.edu/reference-full.html?id=22169" docTitle="Feroponera Bolton & Fisher, 2008, gen. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="28" masterDocId="23F50ED10FA32E25FD9ED1094F2DBD66" masterDocTitle="Afrotropical ants of the ponerine genera Centromyrmex Mayr, Promyopias Santschi gen. rev. and Feroponera gen. n., with a revised key to genera of African Ponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." masterLastPageNumber="37" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="26" updateTime="1732605927956" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="4B3367A31EF920BC7676D40E3F295797">Afrotropical ants of the ponerine genera Centromyrmex Mayr, Promyopias Santschi gen. rev. and Feroponera gen. n., with a revised key to genera of African Ponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae).</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D5DC1D0061638CD3A62762AC1A8CE3E1">Bolton, B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="67033F008F82F5EA52833A142C781D75">Fisher, B. L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="B9490E11E756B9576050059262F47D44">2008</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="1BF2246099C2B276E8E6162D4B7366AC">1929</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="CECD7149B00D4A45026A8637287C604C">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="95875E86FE7DE6C919EB986464776B89" type="HNS-Pub">22169</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="D58CB23699A55E8D5E50DB0CEAC6F7A0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6227160" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100122382" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6227160" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D58CB23699A55E8D5E50DB0CEAC6F7A0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D58CB23699A55E8D5E50DB0CEAC6F7A0" lastPageNumber="28" pageNumber="26" scope_family="Formicidae" scope_order="Hymenoptera" scope_subFamily="Ponerinae">
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<subSubSection id="B74314A7EA0D43125CC7DD862DB256D8" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="F1EC5AABB309A074A0242B43CB410EDC" pageNumber="26">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="DF47358C00F80BA31B269D37D565034A" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:244132" genus="Feroponera" lsidName-HNS="Feroponera Bolton & Fisher" pageNumber="26" rank="genus">Feroponera</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E1CDD6DC3B26552C3EB6784F3C913D5D" pageNumber="26">
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<taxonomicName id="7467D4D85CAA6E383B288BAA4B075A6E" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:244132" genus="Feroponera" lsidName-HNS="Feroponera Bolton & Fisher" pageNumber="26" rank="genus">Feroponera</taxonomicName>
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Bolton & Fisher
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="08E3EE05744CA3E3AB5289F2D20DBE9D" rank="genus">gen. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AAFC35821E389A8882C4ADEE376211F5" pageNumber="26">
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Type-species:
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<taxonomicName id="B4F43D171484EDF62C0BDF3F20168D07" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:245609" genus="Feroponera" lsidName-HNS="Feroponera ferox Bolton & Fisher" pageNumber="26" rank="species" species="ferox">Feroponera ferox</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="22C511EB33909BAB040DCC5BB5B3D9F1" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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, by present designation.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="50E520F98F369BF49F71AEB5C2AF8EE1" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="339E583075CE4F078729AE1C23468704" pageNumber="26">DIAGNOSIS OF WORKER</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="53F9194E7E07A3115902184D47949EF3" pageNumber="26">A monotypic Afrotropical genus.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1F3DD36DFC9718357950E1B9C4109989" pageNumber="26">1 Mandible with a basal groove but no basal pit; cuticle of dorsum with a marked pale patch that is much lighter in colour, adjacent to teeth 4 + 5.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="560558407EB50787C2AA24812D573234" pageNumber="26">2 Mandible subtriangular, short and stout (MI 37-38), with 5 teeth: apical tooth the largest by far, curved and acute, strongly crossing over the opposing mandible at full closure; also at full closure a space is present between the masticatory margins posterior to tooth 3; preapical tooth reduced; third tooth triangular, the largest after the apical; fourth tooth triangular, smaller than third; fifth tooth smaller still; proximal of the fifth tooth the basal angle is abruptly but bluntly rounded.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A7E7420C2675D1EFE0BF92A1BC48A1BB" pageNumber="26">3 Palp formula 2,3; apical labial palpomere globular.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C8B0FF4C05ECDC094339105777791A71" pageNumber="26">4 Anterior clypeal margin on each side with a broadly triangular tooth that projects anteriorly over the basal margins of the closed mandibles.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8C32590FD62E7BF8D5B9EBB4DEFF00E3" pageNumber="26">5 Frontal lobes confluent medially; in full-face view their anterior margins overhang the anterior clypeal margin except medially, where a small toothlike clypeal prominence is visible.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D5AA890AA7233E27E9E1666B5785E5F7" pageNumber="26">6 Mid-dorsal groove of head does not extend posterior of the terminus of the frontal lobes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="67B7345765222607007C86CCD1BE877F" pageNumber="26">7 Eyes absent.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E1E6DFF65176CFB95EAD64F96B275C40" pageNumber="26">8 Antenna with 12 segments, with a conspicuous 4-segmented club that is longer than SL.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="78D0B3EFCAA197B19C3D694A051D706F" pageNumber="26">9 Pronotum marginate anteriorly, more bluntly so laterally.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="35D2A23C01812D4B97F930E80F4A979C" pageNumber="26">10 Metanotal groove absent.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CB514657784535547F230D9B0260391B" pageNumber="26">11 Orifice of metapleural gland posterior, near the posteroventral corner of the mesosoma.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4A9812846835E185D4F455D0482F3BD7" pageNumber="26">12 Metasternal process a pair of separated elongate triangular teeth; metasternal pit located between them.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="48449FCE6B50A1FCA73EF9C88E0CD6A0" pageNumber="26">13 Propodeum unarmed, bilaterally compressed in dorsal view so that the dorsum is much narrower than the mesonotum.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3C4F35B706BA55965D11130ABE8949E9" pageNumber="27">
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<pageStartToken id="2AA0DE9BF3049E53CC8562FC1F87C7FB" pageNumber="27">
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<pageStartToken id="E13C9DCA3F413E9D8487F5B65196109C" pageNumber="27">14</pageStartToken>
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</pageStartToken>
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Propodeal spiracle elliptical, low on the side, almost touching the dorsal margin of the metapleural gland bulla.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="59049C56ABFAA48B77CB5E0C2DAD852E" pageNumber="27">15 Propodeal lobes extremely reduced, rounded.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0608618DDAE4081575C63FC5BE37BA38" pageNumber="27">16 Procoxa much larger than mesocoxa and metacoxa.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="24716C363080C1411EBF1D0AD06ECB6F" pageNumber="27">17 Mesotibia, mesobasitarsus and metabasitarsus with stout spiniform traction setae (none on metatibia).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4EFCC170847BBB3C3FF79C06DB0FF72A" pageNumber="27">18 Mesotibia with 2 spurs, both simple.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="EC074657FDF2296EC4E1B9C237644650" pageNumber="27">19 Metatibia with 2 spurs: the anterior simple, the posterior large and broadly pectinate.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3E3AF94DB87BE380AA719F2BE99945B4" pageNumber="27">20 Metatibial posterior surface with a slightly depressed broadly oval area of pale, very finely granular, cuticle that extends proximally from the base of the spur and appears to be glandular.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="25BA60060F130D51A17E0D51757015EB" pageNumber="27">21 Petiole sessile, without an anterior peduncle; subpetiolar process deep but blunt.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DEF8BF36A9CDEFE74D3695D97C425691" pageNumber="27">22 Helcium arises just below mid-height of anterior face of first gastral segment.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4C0EF109AB6828524AAA14A52154B206" pageNumber="27">23 Prora a pair of insignificant ridges that arise on each side of the helcium base and extend weakly around the anteroventral corner of the first gastral sternite; anterior face of sternite between the ridges very feebly concave.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="95B7EF3B9BA8917B6E6A1FAD71850E9F" pageNumber="27">24 Constriction of second gastral segment conspicuous, weakly cross-ribbed.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="30D365EEEB908DF5E53A620D4B4BAA45" pageNumber="27">25 Stridulitrum absent.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="EDC71C17484A05B608215213F9078C28" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="34DC7F4C72A333BCD9BD1BC047A4C34F" pageNumber="27">Discussion of worker characters</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7A27FD902D79C3D73F46475BEFA4618B" pageNumber="27">
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Apomorphic characters, in italics above, include 1 (pale mandibular patch), 2 (dentition), 4, 8 (antennal club) and 20. In some respects
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<taxonomicName id="E4BBDE19DC85B8188E780768CE5CF0F8" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:244132" genus="Feroponera" lsidName-HNS="Feroponera Bolton & Fisher" pageNumber="27" rank="genus">Feroponera</taxonomicName>
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workers are superficially similar to
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<taxonomicName id="8769D2183411287771346CACABA06FDC" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:147200" genus="Promyopias" lsidName-HNS="Promyopias Santschi" pageNumber="27" rank="genus">Promyopias</taxonomicName>
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workers but, as well as the different apomorphic characters of the two,
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<taxonomicName id="7A7A7CE76145E64EA65E22ACEFB9AD6E" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:244132" genus="Feroponera" lsidName-HNS="Feroponera Bolton & Fisher" pageNumber="27" rank="genus">Feroponera</taxonomicName>
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also differs markedly in characters 3, 5, 6, 15, 18 (mesotibial spurs) and 23. Characters 1-25 together form an inclusive diagnosis that isolates
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<taxonomicName id="0D458FC0EF2971CC44150525B9AE5A9E" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:244132" genus="Feroponera" lsidName-HNS="Feroponera Bolton & Fisher" pageNumber="27" rank="genus">Feroponera</taxonomicName>
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workers from all other genera in the tribe.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C45696392D767762450B48BB5DE32D60" pageNumber="27">
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1 A mandibular pale patch is very obvious in all workers. This patch of translucent cuticle on the mandible dorsally covers a much paler internal structure. The colour may be the result of a cavity within the mandible that is lined with paler tissue, or it may be made entirely of lighter internal tissue. The structure may be glandular, but this cannot be determined by light microscopy. The structure appears unique to
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<taxonomicName id="712808693646BA204DE66BDC0A0F9B5F" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:244132" genus="Feroponera" lsidName-HNS="Feroponera Bolton & Fisher" pageNumber="27" rank="genus">Feroponera</taxonomicName>
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, but it should be mentioned that
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<taxonomicName id="F07777C6EF889004D7BE64D48B7DF12A" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:245603" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Centromyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Centromyrmex secutor Bolton & Fisher" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="secutor">Centromyrmex secutor</taxonomicName>
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has a flattened area with a distinctly crowded patch of minute punctures in approximately the same position.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5C24EBB4A55955412CA7C21B74AECAD1" pageNumber="27">
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2 The form of the mandible and its dentition is unique. When the mandibles are fully closed the section that overlaps the opposite mandible extends to tooth 3. The overall impression is that of a shorter, stouter, much less extreme version of the mandibles exhibited by
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<taxonomicName id="BDADC2C81A237B76E354B1D01F4132FD" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24834" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Emeryopone" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Emeryopone Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Emeryopone</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8E34ADC4299919E0C6CE256E473AED72" pageNumber="27">3 PF was obtained by dissection of one of the paratypes; the strangely reduced count is almost certainly apomorphic.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="912699405B802378573E86AF3C98B20D" pageNumber="27">
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4 A similar pair of large clypeal teeth can be seen in the unrelated Neotropical genus
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<taxonomicName id="D66B9B0C0357A80650C8B2A9E83F5D33" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24832" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Dinoponera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Dinoponera Roger" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Dinoponera</taxonomicName>
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. In the Afrotropical region
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<taxonomicName id="F12D3846C9C5C531E580301E21375AB4" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24851" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Streblognathus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Streblognathus Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Streblognathus</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="B037991CBCE22C75976DD5F80F40D025" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2363" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Asphinctopone" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Asphinctopone Santschi" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Asphinctopone</taxonomicName>
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have angular or dentate lateral corners to an extensive median clypeal lobe, but these do not correspond to the situation in
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<taxonomicName id="E4E17F50445A631BDFA8570497B54BA5" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:244132" genus="Feroponera" lsidName-HNS="Feroponera Bolton & Fisher" pageNumber="27" rank="genus">Feroponera</taxonomicName>
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where no such lobe is developed.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="05961462965821180F8167DF11CFFC22" pageNumber="27">
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5 The three genera
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<taxonomicName id="B8ECE47B8A4B73EC18C9740CBF29B80C" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24829" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Centromyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Centromyrmex Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Centromyrmex</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="96509AFEE6848A692A25174FC5AC5778" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:147200" genus="Promyopias" lsidName-HNS="Promyopias Santschi" pageNumber="27" rank="genus">Promyopias</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="A94555D9859C4E7D4C76D02CA7C026C1" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:244132" genus="Feroponera" lsidName-HNS="Feroponera Bolton & Fisher" pageNumber="27" rank="genus">Feroponera</taxonomicName>
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form a sequence in which the median clypeus reduces in length and the frontal lobes become progressively closer to the anterior margin.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8436A484F0B931DE6E59A0A877DB7692" pageNumber="27">8 The 4-segmented club is conspicuously much longer than the preceding 7 funicular segments together, and is much longer than the scape.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="EFE187B74BA2D2BB8AB99232445B8E6E" pageNumber="27">
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17 The presence and distribution of spiniform setae is duplicated in
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<taxonomicName id="845406CDAFA95D52D77251C878BF86A2" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24829" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Centromyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Centromyrmex Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Centromyrmex</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="B8762FE75264CF88290F594C3126CEB6" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:147200" genus="Promyopias" lsidName-HNS="Promyopias Santschi" pageNumber="27" rank="genus">Promyopias</taxonomicName>
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: see discussion of potential genus group, below.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="353297BA1542836CF8945B11BD33654A" lastPageNumber="28" pageNumber="27">
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20 The position and shape of this depressed and apparently glandular area corresponds to that seen in the workers of
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<taxonomicName id="792BAE0F5AEEA5ADB863E495CF330667" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24831" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Diacamma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Diacamma Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Diacamma</taxonomicName>
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and in at least 25 Old World species of
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<taxonomicName id="1A0B7C033F867D0E652F6D7614A7D549" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24842" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pachycondyla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pachycondyla Smith" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pachycondyla</taxonomicName>
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(sensu lato; the feature does not appear in any New World species that we are aware of), but it is by no means universal even in Old World species
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<pageStartToken id="305DA0EC90ADA7C08007479A3515469B" pageNumber="28">.</pageStartToken>
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We suspect that it is an independent development of this genus.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BB06A2FF2266B3BDDE74258474375023" pageNumber="28">
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<pageStartToken id="074DE8A25DCBB70FFDAB2BE9747822E9" pageNumber="28">22</pageStartToken>
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Position of the helcium is similar in
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<taxonomicName id="6A74EF712699CD0BC5D3C36CD6C7F4CB" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24829" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Centromyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Centromyrmex Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Centromyrmex</taxonomicName>
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and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D9E7960174879D87EA5E9F99B4BD9E8A" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:147200" genus="Promyopias" lsidName-HNS="Promyopias Santschi" pageNumber="28" rank="genus">Promyopias</taxonomicName>
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: see discussion of potential genus group, below.
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</paragraph>
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|
<paragraph id="2F048D4B3D7C52FD5476B00D321A134B" pageNumber="28">
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|
23 Structure of the prora is basically the same as that seen in the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="237046D38D90A4A44480F0D4A292F687" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:27852" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Centromyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Centromyrmex feae (Emery)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="feae">Centromyrmex feae</taxonomicName>
|
|
group.
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</paragraph>
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|
</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |