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<document id="9656FB3878ECBED9C63555F4DCA28774" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5359.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10147920" ID-ZooBank="11CC5175-7CCE-453F-88EB-3490E82F4972" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1700203423776" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Wanke, Dominic, Hausmann, Axel, Lee, Kyung Min, Murillo-Ramos, Leidys, Sihvonen, Pasi &amp; Rajaei, Hossein" docDate="2023" docId="D52D6D50FFA9FFEBFF6FF922FB5FDCE8" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5359.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5359 (1)" docSource="https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5359.1.1/52094" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Scopula alfierii" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="44" masterDocId="29141528FF83FFC0FFF8FFADFFC3DF68" masterDocTitle="Systematics and integrative taxonomic revision of the tribe Scopulini Duponchel, 1845 in Iran (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Sterrhinae)" masterLastPageNumber="96" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="43" updateTime="1700204211901" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="152296065596ACE8F61A8135FFE6CC07">Systematics and integrative taxonomic revision of the tribe Scopulini Duponchel, 1845 in Iran (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Sterrhinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="AD33E638BC920188DD20476E01B2DFF5">Wanke, Dominic</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="B283B2C2D30E77E09DE4570BCDB5792F">State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart, Entomology, Rosenstein &amp; D- 70191 Stuttgart, Germany. &amp; University of Hohenheim, Systematic Entomology (190 n), Garbenstr. 30, D- 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="4241DC1C31E526FD46E2C4E20910437F">Hausmann, Axel</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="CE3E6860E05BE41CF257CC67D811F40E">SNSB-ZSM, Bavarian State Collection of Zoology, Münchhausenstr. 21, D- 81247 Munich, Germany.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="D03E671C9142914317CD18249C1F9128">Lee, Kyung Min</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="D97A237D83A31794BFAEF39C5E817C9B">Finnish Museum of Natural History, Zoology Unit, University of Helsinki, P. O. Box</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="DA44B6BDAE31C83AF7C418FCD1EE83B9" type="personal">
<mods:role id="E0705D17F088BC2EC2B33EFC9888466D">
<mods:roleTerm id="54F19D3C3862FCB8D8C143997D410402">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="E6743A64072B0CC2F70D6A38602BD198">Murillo-Ramos, Leidys</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="2CFDF9DEF346D72F2B67AB62D23124D2">Grupo Biologi ́ a Evolutiva, Department of Biology, Universidad de Sucre, Sincelejo, Sucre, Colombia. Corresponding author.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="8E5055AA678B86731EA2EF56F9F60F8D" type="personal">
<mods:role id="61140F05E3DE64CDF98239EF1FC098A9">
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<mods:namePart id="5CCCDC355119F51DBE69F821AD94C43D">Sihvonen, Pasi</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="7BD0D71E963281908A653A2A3E60F7F6">Finnish Museum of Natural History, Zoology Unit, University of Helsinki, P. O. Box</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="51E3F180C3DFAB23505E9A8B49D4A7B8">Rajaei, Hossein</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="DDD3E2FE7C1A7C503242FE2F1B2CEEA2">State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart, Entomology, Rosenstein &amp; D- 70191 Stuttgart, Germany.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="CFF1BE61A9F410959C9EE7E6647D30FD">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="C42F646EA23622BEE7D016034A5F2C52">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="A468E1D8C90F324C77ABF502DD9362B7" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5359.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="56BF88E40AA705CDE0A86BBA6C161777" type="ISSN">1175-5334</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="7658226C8461F6822286DFBC564420C8" type="Zenodo-Dep">10147920</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="D52D6D50FFA9FFEBFF6FF922FB5FDCE8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D52D6D50FFA9FFEBFF6FF922FB5FDCE8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D52D6D50FFA9FFEBFF6FF922FB5FDCE8" lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<subSubSection id="159E8FCDFFA9FFEAFF6FF922FDE9D9C1" box="[151,554,1679,1706]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FFA9FFEAFF6FF922FDE9D9C1" blockId="42.[151,790,1679,1742]" box="[151,554,1679,1706]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<heading id="06736B2AFFA9FFEAFF6FF922FDE9D9C1" bold="true" box="[151,554,1679,1706]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" reason="4">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA9FFEAFF6FF922FDE9D9C1" bold="true" box="[151,554,1679,1706]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FFA9FFEAFF6FF922FE92D9C2" baseAuthorityName="Wiltshire" baseAuthorityYear="1949" box="[151,337,1679,1706]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Scopula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alfierii">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA9FFEAFF6FF922FE92D9C2" bold="true" box="[151,337,1679,1706]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Scopula alfierii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<collectingRegion id="9F4012A4FFA9FFEAFE99F922FE1AD9C1" box="[353,473,1679,1705]" country="United Kingdom" name="Wiltshire" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Wiltshire</collectingRegion>
, 1949)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="159E8FCDFFA9FFEAFF6FF91EFEEBD85C" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="description">
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FFA9FFEAFF6FF91EFCD5D9A6" blockId="42.[151,790,1679,1742]" box="[151,790,1715,1742]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
(
<figureCitation id="C5BFC0C3FFA9FFEAFF67F91EFF33D9A6" box="[159,240,1715,1742]" captionStart="PLATE 9" captionStartId="55.[152,238,220,244]" captionText="PLATE 9: Figures 119. Wing pattern of Scopula species. 14: S. diffinaria diffinaria (1: Iran, Elbours, Polour, g. prep. 0533/2020 D. Wanke; 2: [Turkey], Akschehir, g. prep. 0574/2020 D. Wanke; 3: Iran, Kohkiluye va Boyerahmad, Yasuj, g. prep. 0713/2020 D. Wanke; 4: Iran, Mazandaran, Shah Kuh-Pain, g. prep. 0521/2020 D. Wanke); 56: S. diffinaria asiatica syn. nov. of S. diffinaria diffinaria (Paratypes, Iran, Fars, [Komehr], 5: g. prep. 10872, 6: g. prep. 10873); 78: S. orbeorum ([Iran], Tacht i Suleiman, 7: Holotype, g. prep. 1970 ZSM Hausmann, 8: Paratype g. prep. 4248 ZSM Hausmann); 910: S. chalcographata (Iran, Fars, Mian-Kotal, 9: g. prep. 10875; 10: Paratype g. prep. 10874); 1112: S. sacraria ariana (Paratypes, Afghanistan, Sarobi, 11: g. prep. G40, 12: g. prep. G44); 1315: S. gracilis (13-14: Iran Baloutchistan, Bender Tchahbahar, 13: g. prep. 10876, 14: g. prep. 10877; 15: Iran, Hormozgan, Sirik, g. prep. 1307/2022 D. Wanke); 1619: S. alfierii (16: Paratype, Egypt, Wadi Digla, g. prep. 382 E.P. Wiltshire; 17: Yemen,Al Ain, g. prep. 1296/2022 D. Wanke; 18: Yemen, Al Mukalla, g. prep. 1297/2022 D. Wanke; 19: Yemen, Al Mukalla, g. prep. 1298/2022 D. Wanke). a = upperside; b = underside. Scale-bar 1 cm." pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Plate 9</figureCitation>
, Figs 1619;
<figureCitation id="C5BFC0C3FFA9FFEAFE70F91EFE25D9A6" box="[392,486,1715,1742]" captionStart="PLATE 20" captionStartId="66.[152,238,1889,1913]" captionTargetBox="[186,1400,157,1874]" captionTargetId="figure-20@66.[176,1411,146,1884]" captionTargetPageId="66" captionText="PLATE 20: Figures 17. Male genitalia of Scopula species. 1: S. chalcographata (Iran, Fars, Mian-Kotal, g. prep. 10875); 23: S. sacraria ariana (2: NO Afghanistan, Badakhshan, Baharak, g. prep. 0614/2020 D. Wanke; 3: Iran Boyerahamd-va- Kohgiluyeh, SE Yasuj, g. prep. 0557/2020 D. Wanke); 4+6: S. gracilis (Iran, Baloutchistan, Bender Tchahbahar, g. prep. 10876, 4: in scale, 6: enlarged, out of scale); 5+7: S. alfierii (Yemen, Al Ain, g. prep. 1296/2022 D. Wanke, 5: in scale, 7: enlarged, out of scale). a = genitalia capsule; b = aedeagus; c = 8th sternite. Scale-bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10147950" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10147950/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Plate 20</figureCitation>
, Figs 5+7;
<figureCitation id="C5BFC0C3FFA9FFEAFD9AF91EFD7CD9A6" box="[610,703,1715,1742]" captionStart="PLATE 27" captionStartId="73.[152,238,1899,1923]" captionTargetBox="[170,1422,151,1880]" captionTargetId="figure-20@73.[160,1427,151,1889]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="PLATE 27: Figures 17. Female genitalia of Scopula species. 1: S. diffinaria asiatica syn. nov. of S. diffinaria diffinaria (Paratype, Iran, Fars, [Komehr], g. prep. 10873); 2: S. orbeorum (Paratype, [Iran], Tacht i Suleiman, g. prep. 4248 ZSM Hausmann); 3: S. chalcographata (Paratype, Iran, Fars, Mian-Kotal, g. prep. 10874); 45: S. sacraria ariana (4: Iran, Fars, Sine- Sefid, g. prep. 0581/2020 D. Wanke; 5: N-Iran, Tehran-Evin, g. prep. 0684/2020 D. Wanke); 6: S. gracilis (Iran, Baloutchistan, Bender Tchahbahar, g. prep. 10877); 7: S. alfierii (Yemen, WSW Al Mukalla, g. prep. 1298/2022 D. Wanke). Scale-bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10147968" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10147968/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Plate 27</figureCitation>
, Fig. 7)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FFA9FFEAFF6FF955FEEBD85C" blockId="42.[151,1436,1784,1844]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FFA9FFEAFF6FF955FEB2D878" box="[151,369,1784,1808]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Glossotrophia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alfierii">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA9FFEAFF6FF955FEB2D878" box="[151,369,1784,1808]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Glossotrophia alfierii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<materialsCitation id="EDECD61BFFA9FFEAFE8EF955FEEBD85C" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="Wiltshire &amp; Bulletin de la Societe &amp; d'Egypte" country="Egypt" location="Wadi Digla" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectorName id="F071B990FFA9FFEAFE8EF955FE15D878" box="[374,470,1784,1808]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Wiltshire</collectorName>
, 1949.
<collectorName id="F071B990FFA9FFEAFDE5F955FD37D878" box="[541,756,1784,1808]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Bulletin de la Société</collectorName>
entomologique
<collectorName id="F071B990FFA9FFEAFC6EF954FC36D87A" box="[918,1013,1785,1810]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">dÉgypte</collectorName>
, 33: 416.
<typeStatus id="823F62E4FFA9FFEAFBAEF955FB77D878" box="[1110,1204,1784,1808]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
♁ (
<collectingCountry id="25939CD6FFA9FFEAFB20F955FADBD878" box="[1240,1304,1784,1808]" name="Egypt" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Egypt</collectingCountry>
,
<location id="585B8A9DFFA9FFEAFAD9F955FA55D878" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D52D6D50FFA9FFEBFF6FF922FB5FDCE8:585B8A9DFFA9FFEAFAD9F955FA55D878" box="[1313,1430,1784,1808]" country="Egypt" name="Wadi Digla" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Wadi Digla</location>
) (
<collectionCode id="3B954483FFA9FFEAFF36F8B1FEDED85C" box="[206,285,1820,1844]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="159E8FCDFFA9FFEBFF6FF8CFFCF4DFD8" lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FFA9FFEAFF6FF8CFFE71D8AD" blockId="42.[151,1436,1890,1989]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA9FFEAFF6FF8CFFE02D814" bold="true" box="[151,449,1890,1916]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Type material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="EDECD61BFFA9FFEAFE31F8CEFEDAD8AD" collectionCode="NHMUK" collectorName="de Maadi &amp; Preparation E. P. Wiltshire" country="Egypt" location="Wadi Digla" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" specimenCode="NHMUK 014173529" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="823F62E4FFA9FFEAFE31F8CEFDE8D815" box="[457,555,1891,1917]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
[one label with Type, and one label with
<typeStatus id="823F62E4FFA9FFEAFBFBF8CEFBA6D815" box="[1027,1125,1891,1917]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
written on it],
<collectingCountry id="25939CD6FFA9FFEAFAE8F8CEFA95D815" box="[1296,1366,1891,1917]" name="Egypt" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Egypt</collectingCountry>
,
<location id="585B8A9DFFA9FFEAFA9AF8CFFF16D8C8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D52D6D50FFA9FFEBFF6FF922FB5FDCE8:585B8A9DFFA9FFEAFA9AF8CFFF16D8C8" country="Egypt" name="Wadi Digla" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Wadi Digla</location>
(desert arabique est
<collectorName id="F071B990FFA9FFEAFE3CF82BFDF7D8C8" box="[452,564,1926,1952]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">de Maadi</collectorName>
), le soir à la lampe, 22 Ao̊t 1925,
<collectorName id="F071B990FFA9FFEAFC33F82BFB33D8C8" box="[971,1264,1926,1953]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Preparation E.P. Wiltshire</collectorName>
382,
<specimenCode id="0D22743DFFA9FFEAFACAF82AFEDAD8AD" collectionCode="NHMUK" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="Museum">NHMUK 014173529</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
; in
<collectionCode id="3B954483FFA9FFEAFEB9F806FE6CD8AD" box="[321,431,1963,1989]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FFA8FFEBFF3FFF3BFCF4DFD8" blockId="43.[151,1437,150,897]" box="[199,823,150,179]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA8FFEBFF3FFF3BFDF5DFD8" bold="true" box="[199,566,150,176]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Additional material examined:</emphasis>
4 ♁/
<specimenCount id="4B8217CFFFA8FFEBFD8AFF35FD46DFDB" box="[626,645,152,179]" count="1" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="female"></specimenCount>
(see appendix).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="159E8FCDFFA8FFEBFF3FFF17FCDCDD08" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FFA8FFEBFF3FFF17FD16DE74" blockId="43.[151,1437,150,897]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA8FFEBFF3FFF17FE81DFBC" bold="true" box="[199,322,186,212]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Wingspan ♁
<specimenCount id="4B8217CFFFA8FFEBFE2BFF11FE2BDFBF" box="[467,488,188,215]" count="1" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="female"></specimenCount>
<quantity id="9A7C71A3FFA8FFEBFE17FF17FDA9DFBD" box="[495,618,186,213]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="mm" value="13.0" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="12.0">1214 mm</quantity>
. In
<collectingCountry id="25939CD6FFA8FFEBFD6AFF16FD01DFBD" box="[658,706,187,213]" name="Iran" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Iran</collectingCountry>
,
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FFA8FFEBFD35FF17FCB9DFBC" baseAuthorityName="Wiltshire" baseAuthorityYear="1949" box="[717,890,186,212]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Scopula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alfierii">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA8FFEBFD35FF17FCB9DFBC" box="[717,890,186,212]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Scopula alfierii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can externally be confused with large specimens of
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FFA8FFEBFF4DFF73FEAFDF90" baseAuthorityName="Brandt" baseAuthorityYear="1941" box="[181,364,222,248]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Scopula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA8FFEBFF4DFF73FEAFDF90" box="[181,364,222,248]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Scopula gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and small specimens of
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FFA8FFEBFD87FF72FC8FDF90" baseAuthorityName="Brandt" baseAuthorityYear="1938" box="[639,844,222,249]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Scopula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chalcographata">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA8FFEBFD87FF72FC8FDF90" box="[639,844,222,249]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">S. chalcographata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FFA8FFEBFC7AFF72FC3EDF90" baseAuthorityName="Bang-Haas" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[898,1021,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Scopula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sacraria">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA8FFEBFC7AFF72FC3EDF90" box="[898,1021,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">S. sacraria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, these three species can be easily diagnosed based on their genitalia characters
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FFA8FFEBFF3FFE8AFD8DDEC4" blockId="43.[151,1437,150,897]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
In the male genitalia 8th sternite, centrally not broadened, without ceras (sternite, centrally broadened, without cerata in
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FFA8FFEBFEFCFEE6FEBADE0C" baseAuthorityName="Brandt" baseAuthorityYear="1941" box="[260,377,330,357]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Scopula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA8FFEBFEFCFEE6FED1DE0D" box="[260,274,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA8FFEBFEDBFEE7FEBADE0C" box="[291,377,330,356]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; sternite, with polymorphic cerata, right ceras of medium size, left ceras short or left ceras medium size, right ceras short in
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FFA8FFEBFDFDFEC2FD13DEE0" baseAuthorityName="Brandt" baseAuthorityYear="1938" box="[517,720,366,393]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Scopula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chalcographata">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA8FFEBFDFDFEC2FD13DEE0" box="[517,720,366,393]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">S. chalcographata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; sternite basally strongly elongated, both cerata long and narrow in
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FFA8FFEBFF4CFE3EFEECDEC4" baseAuthorityName="Bang-Haas" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[180,303,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Scopula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sacraria">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA8FFEBFF4CFE3EFEECDEC4" box="[180,303,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">S. sacraria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (see
<figureCitation id="C5BFC0C3FFA8FFEBFE8BFE3FFE12DEC4" box="[371,465,402,428]" captionStart="PLATE 20" captionStartId="66.[152,238,1889,1913]" captionTargetBox="[186,1400,157,1874]" captionTargetId="figure-20@66.[176,1411,146,1884]" captionTargetPageId="66" captionText="PLATE 20: Figures 17. Male genitalia of Scopula species. 1: S. chalcographata (Iran, Fars, Mian-Kotal, g. prep. 10875); 23: S. sacraria ariana (2: NO Afghanistan, Badakhshan, Baharak, g. prep. 0614/2020 D. Wanke; 3: Iran Boyerahamd-va- Kohgiluyeh, SE Yasuj, g. prep. 0557/2020 D. Wanke); 4+6: S. gracilis (Iran, Baloutchistan, Bender Tchahbahar, g. prep. 10876, 4: in scale, 6: enlarged, out of scale); 5+7: S. alfierii (Yemen, Al Ain, g. prep. 1296/2022 D. Wanke, 5: in scale, 7: enlarged, out of scale). a = genitalia capsule; b = aedeagus; c = 8th sternite. Scale-bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10147950" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10147950/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Plate 20</figureCitation>
, Figs 17).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FFA8FFEBFF3FFE1AFF11DD70" blockId="43.[151,1437,150,897]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
In the female genitalia antrum with triangular sclerite (similar in
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FFA8FFEBFC5DFE1AFBDBDEB8" baseAuthorityName="Brandt" baseAuthorityYear="1941" box="[933,1048,438,465]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Scopula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA8FFEBFC5DFE1AFC70DEB9" box="[933,947,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA8FFEBFC3AFE1BFBDBDEB8" box="[962,1048,438,464]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; long sclerite, posteriorly strongly notched in
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FFA8FFEBFEECFE76FE22DE9C" baseAuthorityName="Brandt" baseAuthorityYear="1938" box="[276,481,474,501]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Scopula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chalcographata">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA8FFEBFEECFE76FE22DE9C" box="[276,481,474,501]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">S. chalcographata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; with long and narrow sclerite, posteriorly notched in
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FFA8FFEBFBBBFE76FB7DDE9C" baseAuthorityName="Bang-Haas" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[1091,1214,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Scopula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sacraria">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA8FFEBFBBBFE76FB7DDE9C" box="[1091,1214,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">S. sacraria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (see
<figureCitation id="C5BFC0C3FFA8FFEBFAFBFE77FAA3DE9C" box="[1283,1376,474,500]" captionStart="PLATE 27" captionStartId="73.[152,238,1899,1923]" captionTargetBox="[170,1422,151,1880]" captionTargetId="figure-20@73.[160,1427,151,1889]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="PLATE 27: Figures 17. Female genitalia of Scopula species. 1: S. diffinaria asiatica syn. nov. of S. diffinaria diffinaria (Paratype, Iran, Fars, [Komehr], g. prep. 10873); 2: S. orbeorum (Paratype, [Iran], Tacht i Suleiman, g. prep. 4248 ZSM Hausmann); 3: S. chalcographata (Paratype, Iran, Fars, Mian-Kotal, g. prep. 10874); 45: S. sacraria ariana (4: Iran, Fars, Sine- Sefid, g. prep. 0581/2020 D. Wanke; 5: N-Iran, Tehran-Evin, g. prep. 0684/2020 D. Wanke); 6: S. gracilis (Iran, Baloutchistan, Bender Tchahbahar, g. prep. 10877); 7: S. alfierii (Yemen, WSW Al Mukalla, g. prep. 1298/2022 D. Wanke). Scale-bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10147968" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10147968/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Plate 27</figureCitation>
, Figs 37).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FFA8FFEBFF3FFD8FFCDCDD08" blockId="43.[151,1437,150,897]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA8FFEBFF3FFD8FFE8ADD54" bold="true" box="[199,329,546,572]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Phenology.</emphasis>
Bivoltine species with a first generation from mid-March to early May and a second generation from mid-August to late October (
<bibRefCitation id="3915A1B7FFA8FFEBFDEEFDEBFCD0DD08" author="Hausmann, A. &amp; Kravchenko, V. &amp; Muller, G." box="[534,787,582,608]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 256" refId="ref42810" refString="Hausmann, A., Kravchenko, V. &amp; Muller, G. (2020) The Lepidoptera of Israel. Vol. 3. Geometridae. Proceedings of the Museum Witt Munich, 9, 1 - 256." type="journal article" year="2020">
Hausmann
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA8FFEBFD6FFDEAFD0CDD08" box="[663,719,582,608]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
2020
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="159E8FCDFFA8FFEBFF3FFDC7FC74DDC0" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FFA8FFEBFF3FFDC7FB3BDDEC" blockId="43.[151,1437,150,897]" box="[199,1272,618,645]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA8FFEBFF3FFDC7FEE4DDEC" bold="true" box="[199,295,618,644]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Biology.</emphasis>
Unknown.
<bibRefCitation id="3915A1B7FFA8FFEBFE52FDC6FD70DDEC" author="Hausmann, A. &amp; Kravchenko, V. &amp; Muller, G." box="[426,691,618,645]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 256" refId="ref42810" refString="Hausmann, A., Kravchenko, V. &amp; Muller, G. (2020) The Lepidoptera of Israel. Vol. 3. Geometridae. Proceedings of the Museum Witt Munich, 9, 1 - 256." type="journal article" year="2020">
Hausmann
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA8FFEBFDD1FDC6FDA2DDEC" box="[553,609,618,644]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
(2020)
</bibRefCitation>
suggested
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FFA8FFEBFCD7FDC7FC28DDEC" box="[815,1003,618,644]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Caryophyllaceae</taxonomicName>
as possible food plants.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FFA8FFEBFF3FFD23FC74DDC0" blockId="43.[151,1437,150,897]" box="[199,951,654,681]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA8FFEBFF3FFD23FEE9DDC0" bold="true" box="[199,298,654,680]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Habitat.</emphasis>
In the Levant from 0 m to
<quantity id="9A7C71A3FFA8FFEBFDA1FD23FD63DDC1" box="[601,672,654,681]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="m" value="300.0">300 m</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3915A1B7FFA8FFEBFD56FD23FC68DDC0" author="Hausmann, A. &amp; Kravchenko, V. &amp; Muller, G." box="[686,939,654,680]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 256" refId="ref42810" refString="Hausmann, A., Kravchenko, V. &amp; Muller, G. (2020) The Lepidoptera of Israel. Vol. 3. Geometridae. Proceedings of the Museum Witt Munich, 9, 1 - 256." type="journal article" year="2020">
Hausmann
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA8FFEBFCD7FD22FCA4DDC0" box="[815,871,654,680]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
2020
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="159E8FCDFFA8FFEBFF3FFD1FFB2CDD98" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FFA8FFEBFF3FFD1FFB2CDD98" blockId="43.[151,1437,150,897]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA8FFEBFF3FFD1FFEA2DDA4" bold="true" box="[199,353,690,716]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Distribution.</emphasis>
Distributed in
<collectingCountry id="25939CD6FFA8FFEBFDFCFD1EFD89DDA5" box="[516,586,691,717]" name="Egypt" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Egypt</collectingCountry>
, southern
<collectingCountry id="25939CD6FFA8FFEBFD41FD1FFCC7DDA4" box="[697,772,690,716]" name="Jordan" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Jordan</collectingCountry>
and southern
<collectingCountry id="25939CD6FFA8FFEBFC65FD1FFC18DDA4" box="[925,987,690,716]" name="Israel" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Israel</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3915A1B7FFA8FFEBFC10FD1FFB1CDDA4" author="Hausmann, A. &amp; Kravchenko, V. &amp; Muller, G." box="[1000,1247,690,716]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 256" refId="ref42810" refString="Hausmann, A., Kravchenko, V. &amp; Muller, G. (2020) The Lepidoptera of Israel. Vol. 3. Geometridae. Proceedings of the Museum Witt Munich, 9, 1 - 256." type="journal article" year="2020">
Hausmann
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA8FFEBFB9FFD1EFB5EDDA4" box="[1127,1181,690,716]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
2020
</bibRefCitation>
). In
<collectingCountry id="25939CD6FFA8FFEBFAF4FD1EFAFADDA5" box="[1292,1337,691,717]" name="Iran" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Iran</collectingCountry>
reported for the province
<collectingRegion id="9F4012A4FFA8FFEBFEA9FD7AFE16DD99" box="[337,469,727,753]" country="Iran" name="Hormozgan" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Hormozgan</collectingRegion>
by Kuznetzov (1959), but confirmation is still pending (see Remarks).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="159E8FCDFFA8FFEBFF3FFD57FB5FDCE8" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FFA8FFEBFF3FFD57FCB2DC35" blockId="43.[151,1437,150,897]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA8FFEBFF3FFD57FEF8DC7C" bold="true" box="[199,315,762,788]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Remarks.</emphasis>
Kuznetzov (1959) reported this species as a faunal element for the south Iranian province
<collectingRegion id="9F4012A4FFA8FFEBFAE9FD56FA5ADC7D" box="[1297,1433,763,789]" country="Iran" name="Hormozgan" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Hormozgan</collectingRegion>
. However, during our investigation no specimens from
<collectingCountry id="25939CD6FFA8FFEBFD06FCB2FCE8DC51" box="[766,811,799,825]" name="Iran" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Iran</collectingCountry>
could be found. It is assumed that this species does not occur in
<collectingCountry id="25939CD6FFA8FFEBFF01FCEEFEEADC35" box="[249,297,835,861]" name="Iran" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Iran</collectingCountry>
, and the report is likely a confusion with
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FFA8FFEBFD01FCEEFCA8DC34" baseAuthorityName="Brandt" baseAuthorityYear="1941" box="[761,875,834,861]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Scopula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA8FFEBFD01FCEEFCC4DC35" box="[761,775,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA8FFEBFCEDFCEFFCA8DC34" box="[789,875,834,860]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FFA8FFEBFF3FFCCBFB5FDCE8" blockId="43.[151,1437,150,897]" box="[199,1180,870,897]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA8FFEBFF3FFCCBFE4EDCE8" bold="true" box="[199,397,870,896]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">DNA-barcoding.</emphasis>
Nearest species:
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FFA8FFEBFDA8FCCAFD7EDCE8" authorityName="Hausmann" authorityYear="2009" box="[592,701,870,897]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Scopula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harteni">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA8FFEBFDA8FCCAFD7EDCE8" box="[592,701,870,897]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">S. harteni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with 5.3 % (see Supplementary Table S1).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>