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<document id="A9EA2DBDF81AC070B7828EA3BBB1CF72" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5359.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10147920" ID-ZooBank="11CC5175-7CCE-453F-88EB-3490E82F4972" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1700203423776" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Wanke, Dominic, Hausmann, Axel, Lee, Kyung Min, Murillo-Ramos, Leidys, Sihvonen, Pasi &amp; Rajaei, Hossein" docDate="2023" docId="D52D6D50FFA7FFE5FF6FFB9FFB9BDB5D" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5359.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5359 (1)" docSource="https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5359.1.1/52094" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Scopula lactarioides Brandt 1941" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="38" masterDocId="29141528FF83FFC0FFF8FFADFFC3DF68" masterDocTitle="Systematics and integrative taxonomic revision of the tribe Scopulini Duponchel, 1845 in Iran (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Sterrhinae)" masterLastPageNumber="96" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="37" updateTime="1700204211901" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="36C877D3FFA6331E59D99E5010803700">Systematics and integrative taxonomic revision of the tribe Scopulini Duponchel, 1845 in Iran (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Sterrhinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="43B0D9E0047F39D0FA97B34B61F90C49">Wanke, Dominic</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="4491A65C7712713F24B3AC78E5365CDF">State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart, Entomology, Rosenstein &amp; D- 70191 Stuttgart, Germany. &amp; University of Hohenheim, Systematic Entomology (190 n), Garbenstr. 30, D- 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="858996856ADF5279CBC1EFC62F90C34B">Hausmann, Axel</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="011CAA18C8DC33F79B2EFC5DCCA6064B">SNSB-ZSM, Bavarian State Collection of Zoology, Münchhausenstr. 21, D- 81247 Munich, Germany.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="AA6825E6BC17D4BE4B0D6A53F875D53A">Lee, Kyung Min</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="2390BD2B7782AAF88F8DF686864D236D">Finnish Museum of Natural History, Zoology Unit, University of Helsinki, P. O. Box</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="DA3D6CDC5F12E75B0FAF3EC4F69B34A1" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="05981CB3C7AF1A7050D90D03A5D19F70">Murillo-Ramos, Leidys</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="1E498BEE419C7D9072FEBB94DF353737">Grupo Biologi ́ a Evolutiva, Department of Biology, Universidad de Sucre, Sincelejo, Sucre, Colombia. Corresponding author.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="7D08DFE6126612F5E7F11B1CBE9AE592">Sihvonen, Pasi</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="F8B614C93DD06BC0A50D835BD66F7B2D">Finnish Museum of Natural History, Zoology Unit, University of Helsinki, P. O. Box</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="F155E885F26405EC1AA7207C4AE233F7">Rajaei, Hossein</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="E85E90A9911D787EBB1D625B7A32077C">State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart, Entomology, Rosenstein &amp; D- 70191 Stuttgart, Germany.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="31C2F12F13C9C8728933130F16505E3A">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="BD11C66D09E50B89137D92B0DA5F7E9C">2023</mods:date>
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<treatment id="D52D6D50FFA7FFE5FF6FFB9FFB9BDB5D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D52D6D50FFA7FFE5FF6FFB9FFB9BDB5D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D52D6D50FFA7FFE5FF6FFB9FFB9BDB5D" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<subSubSection id="159E8FCDFFA7FFE4FF6FFB9FFDF4DB24" box="[151,567,1074,1101]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FFA7FFE4FF6FFB9FFDF4DB24" blockId="36.[151,856,1074,1137]" box="[151,567,1074,1101]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<heading id="06736B2AFFA7FFE4FF6FFB9FFDF4DB24" bold="true" box="[151,567,1074,1101]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FFA7FFE4FF6FFB9FFDF4DB24" ID-CoL="4VW52" authority="Brandt, 1941" authorityName="Brandt" authorityYear="1941" box="[151,567,1074,1101]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Scopula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lactarioides">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA7FFE4FF6FFB9FFDF4DB24" bold="true" box="[151,567,1074,1101]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA7FFE4FF6FFB9FFE4FDB25" bold="true" box="[151,396,1074,1101]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Scopula lactarioides</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3915A1B7FFA7FFE4FE6CFB9FFDF4DB24" author="Brandt, W." box="[404,567,1074,1100]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="864 - 886" refId="ref41870" refString="Brandt, W. (1941) Beitrag zur Lepidopteren-Fauna von Iran (4). Einige neue Geometriden. Mitteilungen der Munchner Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 31 (3), 864 - 886." type="journal article" year="1941">Brandt, 1941</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="159E8FCDFFA7FFE4FF6FFBFBFC9BDB18" box="[151,856,1110,1137]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="description">
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FFA7FFE4FF6FFBFBFC9BDB18" blockId="36.[151,856,1074,1137]" box="[151,856,1110,1137]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
(
<figureCitation id="C5BFC0C3FFA7FFE4FF67FBFBFF2CDB18" box="[159,239,1110,1136]" captionStart="PLATE 8" captionStartId="52.[152,238,1603,1627]" captionText="PLATE 8: Figures 119. Wing pattern of Scopula species. 12: S. immutata ([Hungary], Bükk̂sd, 1: 1246/2021 D. Wanke, 2: 1247/2021 D. Wanke); 34: S. flaccidaria (3: N-Iran, Masandaran, Schasavar, g. prep. 1053/2021 D. Wanke; 4: N Iran, Bandar Pahlavi, g. prep. 1054/2021 D. Wanke); 56: S. iranaria syn. nov. of S. flaccidaria (Iran, Kerdej, 5: g. prep. 11060, 6: Cotype, g. prep. 2299/2020 H. Rajaei); 79: S. minorata (Spain, Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, 7: g. prep. 1248/2021 D. Wanke, 8: g. prep. 1249/2021 D. Wanke; 9: Yemen, Sana, Makaban, g. prep. 1304/2022 D. Wanke); 1013: S. adelpharia (10: S Iran, Hormozgan, Sirki, g. prep. 1309/2022 D. Wanke; 1113: Sudan, Ed Damer, Hudeiba, 11: g. prep. 1268/2022 D. Wanke, 12: g. prep. 1270/2022 D. Wanke, 13: g. prep. 1271/2022 D. Wanke); 1415: S. albiceraria (14: Mongolia, Selenge aimag, near Ochron, g. prep. 1305/2022 D. Wanke; 15: SW Mongolia, Gobi-Altai aimak, SSW Zhargalan, g. prep. 1301/2022 D. Wanke); 1617: S. immistaria (16: N Iran, Masandaran, Damavand, g. prep. 0830/2020 D. Wanke; 17: Iran, Esfahan, Fereydunshahr, g. prep. 0814/2020 D. Wanke); 1819: S. lactarioides (18: Iran, Baloutchistan, Bender Tchahbahar, g. prep. 11057; 19: Iran, Makran, Chahbar Küste, g. prep. 0879/2020 D. Wanke). a = upperside; b = underside. Scale-bar 1 cm." pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Plate 8</figureCitation>
, Figs 1819;
<figureCitation id="C5BFC0C3FFA7FFE4FE70FBFBFE26DB18" box="[392,485,1110,1136]" captionStart="PLATE 19" captionStartId="65.[152,232,1886,1910]" captionTargetBox="[198,1390,153,1874]" captionTargetId="figure-20@65.[188,1399,143,1881]" captionTargetPageId="65" captionText="PLATE 19: Figures 14. Male genitalia of Scopula species. 1: S. lactarioides (Iran, Baloutchistan, Bender Tchahbahar, g. prep. 11057); 2: S. diffinaria diffinaria (a, b, c1: [Turkey], Akschehir, g. prep. 0574/2020 D. Wanke, c2: Iran, Elbours, Polour, g. prep. 0533/2020 D. Wanke; c3: Iran, Kordestan, NE Baneh, g. prep. 0653/2020 D.Wanke); 3: S. diffinaria asiatica syn. nov. of S. diffinaria diffinaria (a, b, c1: Paratype, Iran, Fars, [Komehr], g. prep. 10872, c2: S Iran, Fars, Tange Surkh, g. prep. 0592/2020 D. Wanke); 4: S. orbeorum (Holotype, [Iran], Tach i Suleiman, g. prep. 1970 ZSM Hausmann). a = genitalia capsule; b = aedeagus; c = 8th sternite. Scale-bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10147948" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10147948/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Plate 19</figureCitation>
, Fig. 1;
<figureCitation id="C5BFC0C3FFA7FFE4FDB9FBFBFD5DDB18" box="[577,670,1110,1136]" captionStart="PLATE 26" captionStartId="72.[152,238,1891,1915]" captionTargetBox="[207,1380,160,1871]" captionTargetId="figure-20@72.[197,1390,143,1881]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="PLATE 26: Figures 17. Female genitalia of Scopula species. 1: S. minorata (Spain, Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, g. prep. 1249/2021 D. Wanke); 2: S. adelpharia (Sudan, Ed Damer, Hudeiba, g. prep. 1270/2022 D. Wanke); 3: S. albiceraria (SW- Mongolia, SSW Zhargalan, g. prep. 1301/2022 D. Wanke); 4: S. immistaria (Iran, Tehran, NNW Shemshak, g. prep. 0832/2020 D. Wanke); 5: S. lactarioides (Iran, Makran, Chahbar Küste, g. prep. 0879/2020 D. Wanke); 6: S. diffinaria diffinaria (Iran, Mazandaran, S Shah Kuh-e Pain, g. prep. 0521/2020 D. Wanke). Scale-bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10147964" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10147964/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Plate 26</figureCitation>
, Fig. 5; Map 11)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="159E8FCDFFA7FFE4FF6FFB36FD7DDBB9" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FFA7FFE4FF6FFB36FD7DDBB9" blockId="36.[151,1436,1179,1233]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FFA7FFE4FF6FFB36FE3CDBDB" ID-CoL="4VW52" authority="Brandt, 1941" authorityName="Brandt" authorityYear="1941" box="[151,511,1179,1203]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Scopula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lactarioides">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA7FFE4FF6FFB36FEA8DBDB" box="[151,363,1179,1203]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Scopula lactarioides</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="EDECD61BFFA7FFE4FE8CFB36FE3CDBDB" box="[372,511,1179,1203]" collectionCode="NHRS" collectorName="Mitteilungen der Munchner Entomologischen Gesellschaft" country="Iran" location="Bender Tchahbahar" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="syntype">
<bibRefCitation id="3915A1B7FFA7FFE4FE8CFB36FE3CDBDB" author="Brandt, W." box="[372,511,1179,1203]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="864 - 886" refId="ref41870" refString="Brandt, W. (1941) Beitrag zur Lepidopteren-Fauna von Iran (4). Einige neue Geometriden. Mitteilungen der Munchner Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 31 (3), 864 - 886." type="journal article" year="1941">Brandt, 1941</bibRefCitation>
</materialsCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<collectorName id="F071B990FFA7FFE4FDF3FB36FBAEDBDB" box="[523,1133,1179,1203]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Mitteilungen der Münchner Entomologischen Gesellschaft</collectorName>
, 31 (3): 867.
<typeStatus id="823F62E4FFA7FFE4FAF8FB36FA9EDBDB" box="[1280,1373,1179,1203]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="syntype">Syntypes</typeStatus>
♁,
<specimenCount id="4B8217CFFFA7FFE4FA71FB36FA5FDBDA" box="[1417,1436,1179,1202]" count="1" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="female"></specimenCount>
(
<collectingCountry id="25939CD6FFA7FFE4FF36FB14FF39DBB9" box="[206,250,1209,1233]" name="Iran" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Iran</collectingCountry>
,
<location id="585B8A9DFFA7FFE4FEFDFB14FE0FDBB9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D52D6D50FFA7FFE5FF6FFB9FFB9BDB5D:585B8A9DFFA7FFE4FEFDFB14FE0FDBB9" box="[261,460,1209,1233]" country="Iran" name="Bender Tchahbahar" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Bender Tchahbahar</location>
) (in NHRS, examined).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="159E8FCDFFA7FFE4FF6FFAADFCD9DA09" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FFA7FFE4FF6FFAADFD81DA56" blockId="36.[151,1437,1279,1954]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA7FFE4FF6FFAADFE02DA71" bold="true" box="[151,449,1279,1306]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Type material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="EDECD61BFFA7FFE4FE32FAADFEDBDA56" collectingDate="1938-02-24" collectionCode="NHRS" collectorName="Brandt" country="Iran" location="Baloutchistan" municipality="Bender Tchahbahar" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" specimenCode="NHRS 000010314" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="823F62E4FFA7FFE4FE32FAADFDEFDA72" box="[458,556,1280,1306]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
1 ♁,
<collectingCountry id="25939CD6FFA7FFE4FD96FAADFD5DDA72" box="[622,670,1280,1306]" name="Iran" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Iran</collectingCountry>
,
<location id="585B8A9DFFA7FFE4FD52FB52FC84DA71" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D52D6D50FFA7FFE5FF6FFB9FFB9BDB5D:585B8A9DFFA7FFE4FD52FB52FC84DA71" box="[682,839,1279,1305]" country="Iran" municipality="Bender Tchahbahar" name="Baloutchistan" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Baloutchistan</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="BD5F463CFFA7FFE4FCABFB52FBF3DA71" box="[851,1072,1279,1305]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Bender Tchahbahar</collectingMunicipality>
,
<date id="293AFA86FFA7FFE4FBC4FB52FB72DA71" box="[1084,1201,1279,1305]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="1938-02-24">
<collectingDate id="397E036EFFA7FFE4FBC4FB52FB72DA71" box="[1084,1201,1279,1305]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="1938-02-24">24.ii.1938</collectingDate>
</date>
, coll.
<collectorName id="F071B990FFA7FFE4FB0EFB52FA86DA71" box="[1270,1349,1279,1305]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Brandt</collectorName>
,
<specimenCode id="0D22743DFFA7FFE4FAA9FAADFEDBDA56" collectionCode="NHRS" country="Sweden" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rsbi-vwmq" name="Swedish Museum of Natural History, Entomology Collections" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">NHRS 000010314</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
, g. prep. 11057; in
<collectionCode id="3B954483FFA7FFE4FE17FA89FDFEDA56" box="[495,573,1316,1342]" country="Sweden" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rsbi-vwmq" name="Swedish Museum of Natural History, Entomology Collections" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">NHRS</collectionCode>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FFA7FFE4FF3FFAEAFCD9DA09" blockId="36.[151,1437,1279,1954]" box="[199,794,1351,1378]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA7FFE4FF3FFAEAFDF5DA09" bold="true" box="[199,566,1351,1377]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Additional material examined:</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="4B8217CFFFA7FFE4FDC5FAE5FDA4DA0A" box="[573,615,1352,1378]" count="1" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
(see appendix).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="159E8FCDFFA7FFE4FF3FFAC6FBE1DAC2" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="description">
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FFA7FFE4FF3FFAC6FBE1DAC2" blockId="36.[151,1437,1279,1954]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA7FFE4FF3FFAC6FDAFDAED" bold="true" box="[199,620,1387,1414]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Description of the female genitalia.</emphasis>
Papillae anales rounded, simple; apophyses anteriores 2/3 of apophyses posteriores; antrum with small rounded sclerite; signum absent (
<figureCitation id="C5BFC0C3FFA7FFE4FC9EFA22FC07DAC1" box="[870,964,1423,1449]" captionStart="PLATE 26" captionStartId="72.[152,238,1891,1915]" captionTargetBox="[207,1380,160,1871]" captionTargetId="figure-20@72.[197,1390,143,1881]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="PLATE 26: Figures 17. Female genitalia of Scopula species. 1: S. minorata (Spain, Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, g. prep. 1249/2021 D. Wanke); 2: S. adelpharia (Sudan, Ed Damer, Hudeiba, g. prep. 1270/2022 D. Wanke); 3: S. albiceraria (SW- Mongolia, SSW Zhargalan, g. prep. 1301/2022 D. Wanke); 4: S. immistaria (Iran, Tehran, NNW Shemshak, g. prep. 0832/2020 D. Wanke); 5: S. lactarioides (Iran, Makran, Chahbar Küste, g. prep. 0879/2020 D. Wanke); 6: S. diffinaria diffinaria (Iran, Mazandaran, S Shah Kuh-e Pain, g. prep. 0521/2020 D. Wanke). Scale-bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10147964" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10147964/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Plate 26</figureCitation>
, Fig. 5).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="159E8FCDFFA7FFE4FF3FFA1EFBB0D985" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FFA7FFE4FF3FFA1EFE2DD97D" blockId="36.[151,1437,1279,1954]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA7FFE4FF3FFA1EFE81DAA5" bold="true" box="[199,322,1459,1485]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Wingspan ♁
<quantity id="9A7C71A3FFA7FFE4FE24FA1EFD81DAA6" box="[476,578,1459,1486]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.68" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="mm" value="16.8">16.8 mm</quantity>
,
<specimenCount id="4B8217CFFFA7FFE4FDB6FA19FDA0DAA6" box="[590,611,1460,1486]" count="1" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="female"></specimenCount>
<quantity id="9A7C71A3FFA7FFE4FD92FA1EFD12DAA6" box="[618,721,1459,1486]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.66" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="mm" value="16.6">16.6 mm</quantity>
. Ground colour beige (
<figureCitation id="C5BFC0C3FFA7FFE4FC2AFA1EFBE1DAA6" box="[978,1058,1459,1486]" captionStart="PLATE 8" captionStartId="52.[152,238,1603,1627]" captionText="PLATE 8: Figures 119. Wing pattern of Scopula species. 12: S. immutata ([Hungary], Bükk̂sd, 1: 1246/2021 D. Wanke, 2: 1247/2021 D. Wanke); 34: S. flaccidaria (3: N-Iran, Masandaran, Schasavar, g. prep. 1053/2021 D. Wanke; 4: N Iran, Bandar Pahlavi, g. prep. 1054/2021 D. Wanke); 56: S. iranaria syn. nov. of S. flaccidaria (Iran, Kerdej, 5: g. prep. 11060, 6: Cotype, g. prep. 2299/2020 H. Rajaei); 79: S. minorata (Spain, Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, 7: g. prep. 1248/2021 D. Wanke, 8: g. prep. 1249/2021 D. Wanke; 9: Yemen, Sana, Makaban, g. prep. 1304/2022 D. Wanke); 1013: S. adelpharia (10: S Iran, Hormozgan, Sirki, g. prep. 1309/2022 D. Wanke; 1113: Sudan, Ed Damer, Hudeiba, 11: g. prep. 1268/2022 D. Wanke, 12: g. prep. 1270/2022 D. Wanke, 13: g. prep. 1271/2022 D. Wanke); 1415: S. albiceraria (14: Mongolia, Selenge aimag, near Ochron, g. prep. 1305/2022 D. Wanke; 15: SW Mongolia, Gobi-Altai aimak, SSW Zhargalan, g. prep. 1301/2022 D. Wanke); 1617: S. immistaria (16: N Iran, Masandaran, Damavand, g. prep. 0830/2020 D. Wanke; 17: Iran, Esfahan, Fereydunshahr, g. prep. 0814/2020 D. Wanke); 1819: S. lactarioides (18: Iran, Baloutchistan, Bender Tchahbahar, g. prep. 11057; 19: Iran, Makran, Chahbar Küste, g. prep. 0879/2020 D. Wanke). a = upperside; b = underside. Scale-bar 1 cm." pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Plate 8</figureCitation>
, Figs 1819). It can externally be confused with
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FFA7FFE4FEC6FA75FE01DA99" baseAuthorityName="Boisduval" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[318,450,1496,1522]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Scopula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minorata">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA7FFE4FEC6FA75FE8FDA9A" box="[318,332,1496,1522]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA7FFE4FEA3FA75FE01DA99" box="[347,450,1496,1521]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">minorata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FFA7FFE4FE03FA75FD50DA99" baseAuthorityName="Pungeler" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[507,659,1495,1522]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Scopula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adelpharia">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA7FFE4FE03FA75FDCADA9A" box="[507,521,1496,1522]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA7FFE4FDE0FA7AFD50DA99" box="[536,659,1495,1521]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">adelpharia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but the genitalia of these three species are characteristic and can be used for species identification.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FFA7FFE4FF3FF98DFB12D936" blockId="36.[151,1437,1279,1954]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
In the male genitalia 8th sternite with both cerata long (left ceras long, right ceras short in
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FFA7FFE4FB2BF98DFA94D951" baseAuthorityName="Boisduval" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[1235,1367,1568,1594]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Scopula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minorata">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA7FFE4FB2BF98DFB22D952" box="[1235,1249,1568,1594]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA7FFE4FB08F98DFA94D951" box="[1264,1367,1568,1593]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">minorata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; right ceras long, left ceras short and curved in
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FFA7FFE4FD9BF9E9FD39D935" baseAuthorityName="Pungeler" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[611,762,1603,1630]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Scopula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adelpharia">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA7FFE4FD9BF9E9FDB2D936" box="[611,625,1604,1630]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA7FFE4FD87F9EEFD39D935" box="[639,762,1603,1629]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">adelpharia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (see
<figureCitation id="C5BFC0C3FFA7FFE4FCC6F9EEFC58D936" box="[830,923,1603,1630]" captionStart="PLATE 18" captionStartId="64.[152,238,1872,1896]" captionTargetBox="[161,1431,190,1838]" captionTargetId="figure-20@64.[151,1436,181,1848]" captionTargetPageId="64" captionText="PLATE 18: Figures 16. Male genitalia of Scopula species.1: S. flaccidaria (N-Iran,Masandaran,Schasavar,g.prep.1053/2021 D. Wanke). 2: S. iranaria syn. nov. of S. flaccidaria (Cotype, Iran, Kerdej, g. prep. 2299/2020 H. Rajaei); 3: S. minorata (Spain, Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, g. prep. 1248/2021 D. Wanke); 4: S. adelpharia (S Iran, Hormozgan, Sirki, g. prep. 1309/2022 D. Wanke); 5: S. albiceraria (Mongolia, Selenge aimag, near Ochron, g. prep. 1305/2022 D. Wanke); 6: S. immistaria (N Iran, Masandaran, Damavand, g. prep. 0830/2020 D. Wanke); a = genitalia capsule; b = aedeagus; c = 8th sternite. Scale-bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10147946" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10147946/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Plate 18</figureCitation>
, Figs 34;
<figureCitation id="C5BFC0C3FFA7FFE4FBEFF9EEFBB7D936" box="[1047,1140,1603,1630]" captionStart="PLATE 19" captionStartId="65.[152,232,1886,1910]" captionTargetBox="[198,1390,153,1874]" captionTargetId="figure-20@65.[188,1399,143,1881]" captionTargetPageId="65" captionText="PLATE 19: Figures 14. Male genitalia of Scopula species. 1: S. lactarioides (Iran, Baloutchistan, Bender Tchahbahar, g. prep. 11057); 2: S. diffinaria diffinaria (a, b, c1: [Turkey], Akschehir, g. prep. 0574/2020 D. Wanke, c2: Iran, Elbours, Polour, g. prep. 0533/2020 D. Wanke; c3: Iran, Kordestan, NE Baneh, g. prep. 0653/2020 D.Wanke); 3: S. diffinaria asiatica syn. nov. of S. diffinaria diffinaria (a, b, c1: Paratype, Iran, Fars, [Komehr], g. prep. 10872, c2: S Iran, Fars, Tange Surkh, g. prep. 0592/2020 D. Wanke); 4: S. orbeorum (Holotype, [Iran], Tach i Suleiman, g. prep. 1970 ZSM Hausmann). a = genitalia capsule; b = aedeagus; c = 8th sternite. Scale-bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10147948" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10147948/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Plate 19</figureCitation>
, Fig. 1).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FFA7FFE4FF3FF9C5FCC8D9A2" blockId="36.[151,1437,1279,1954]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
In the female genitalia antrum with small rounded sclerite (with an oval sclerite, apically notched in
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FFA7FFE4FAEBF9C5FA56D9E9" baseAuthorityName="Boisduval" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[1299,1429,1640,1666]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Scopula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minorata">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA7FFE4FAEBF9C5FAE2D9EA" box="[1299,1313,1640,1666]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA7FFE4FAD6F9C5FA56D9E9" box="[1326,1429,1640,1665]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">minorata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; with half-moon-shaped sclerite in
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FFA7FFE4FDECF921FD68D9CD" baseAuthorityName="Pungeler" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[532,683,1675,1702]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Scopula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adelpharia">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA7FFE4FDECF921FDE1D9CE" box="[532,546,1676,1702]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA7FFE4FDC8F926FD68D9CD" box="[560,683,1675,1701]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">adelpharia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Signum absent (oval in
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FFA7FFE4FC30F921FB89D9CD" baseAuthorityName="Boisduval" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[968,1098,1676,1702]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Scopula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minorata">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA7FFE4FC30F921FC15D9CE" box="[968,982,1676,1702]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA7FFE4FC1BF921FB89D9CD" box="[995,1098,1676,1701]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">minorata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; weakly developed, elongated and narrow in
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FFA7FFE4FEC2F91DFE12D9A1" baseAuthorityName="Pungeler" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[314,465,1711,1738]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Scopula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adelpharia">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA7FFE4FEC2F91DFE8BD9A2" box="[314,328,1712,1738]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA7FFE4FEAEF902FE12D9A1" box="[342,465,1711,1737]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">adelpharia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (see
<figureCitation id="C5BFC0C3FFA7FFE4FDEDF902FDB1D9A1" box="[533,626,1711,1737]" captionStart="PLATE 26" captionStartId="72.[152,238,1891,1915]" captionTargetBox="[207,1380,160,1871]" captionTargetId="figure-20@72.[197,1390,143,1881]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="PLATE 26: Figures 17. Female genitalia of Scopula species. 1: S. minorata (Spain, Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, g. prep. 1249/2021 D. Wanke); 2: S. adelpharia (Sudan, Ed Damer, Hudeiba, g. prep. 1270/2022 D. Wanke); 3: S. albiceraria (SW- Mongolia, SSW Zhargalan, g. prep. 1301/2022 D. Wanke); 4: S. immistaria (Iran, Tehran, NNW Shemshak, g. prep. 0832/2020 D. Wanke); 5: S. lactarioides (Iran, Makran, Chahbar Küste, g. prep. 0879/2020 D. Wanke); 6: S. diffinaria diffinaria (Iran, Mazandaran, S Shah Kuh-e Pain, g. prep. 0521/2020 D. Wanke). Scale-bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10147964" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10147964/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Plate 26</figureCitation>
, Figs 12, 5).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FFA7FFE4FF3FF979FBB0D985" blockId="36.[151,1437,1279,1954]" box="[199,1139,1747,1774]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA7FFE4FF3FF979FE8AD986" bold="true" box="[199,329,1748,1774]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Phenology.</emphasis>
Specimens from
<collectingCountry id="25939CD6FFA7FFE4FDF6F979FDF8D986" box="[526,571,1748,1774]" name="Iran" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Iran</collectingCountry>
were collected end of February and end of March.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="159E8FCDFFA7FFE4FF3FF95AFDE4D879" box="[199,551,1783,1809]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FFA7FFE4FF3FF95AFDE4D879" blockId="36.[151,1437,1279,1954]" box="[199,551,1783,1809]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA7FFE4FF3FF95AFE69D879" bold="true" box="[199,426,1783,1809]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Biology &amp; Habitat.</emphasis>
Unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="159E8FCDFFA7FFE5FF3FF8B6FB9BDB5D" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FFA7FFE4FF3FF8B6FE14D816" blockId="36.[151,1437,1279,1954]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA7FFE4FF3FF8B6FEA2D85D" bold="true" box="[199,353,1819,1845]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Distribution.</emphasis>
Endemic species to southeastern
<collectingCountry id="25939CD6FFA7FFE4FD20F8B1FCC6D85E" box="[728,773,1820,1846]" name="Iran" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Iran</collectingCountry>
(Sistan-o-Baluchestan province) (Map 11). Reported in the literature also for the provinces
<collectingRegion id="9F4012A4FFA7FFE4FDF2F892FDAAD831" box="[522,617,1855,1881]" country="Iran" name="Bushehr" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Bushehr</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="9F4012A4FFA7FFE4FD8FF8EDFD3DD832" box="[631,766,1856,1882]" country="Iran" name="Hormozgan" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Hormozgan</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="9F4012A4FFA7FFE4FCF4F8EDFCAAD832" box="[780,873,1856,1882]" country="Iran" name="Kerman" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Kerman</collectingRegion>
, and Sistan-o-Baluchestan (
<bibRefCitation id="3915A1B7FFA7FFE4FB50F892FAF8D832" author="Brandt, W." box="[1192,1339,1855,1882]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="864 - 886" refId="ref41870" refString="Brandt, W. (1941) Beitrag zur Lepidopteren-Fauna von Iran (4). Einige neue Geometriden. Mitteilungen der Munchner Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 31 (3), 864 - 886." type="journal article" year="1941">Brandt 1941</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="3915A1B7FFA7FFE4FAB2F892FF11D816" author="Reisser, H." pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="519 - 551" refId="ref44847" refString="Reisser, H. (1958) Ergebnisse der Osterreichischen Iran-Expedition 1949 / 50 Lepidoptera I. (Macrolepidoptera). Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe, Abtheilung 1, 167 (10), 519 - 551." type="journal article" year="1958">Reisser 1958</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="3915A1B7FFA7FFE4FF26F8CEFE08D816" author="Lehmann, L. &amp; Stadie, D. &amp; Zahiri, R." box="[222,459,1891,1918]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="105 - 119" refId="ref43319" refString="Lehmann, L., Stadie, D. &amp; Zahiri, R. (2009) Zum Winteraspekt der Makrolepidopterenfauna Sudirans mit Anmerkungen zur Biologie einiger Arten (Lepidoptera: Bombycoidea, Papilionoidea, Geometroidea, Noctuoidea). Nachrichten des Entomologischen Vereins Apollo, Neue Folge, 30 (3), 105 - 119." type="journal article" year="2009">
Lehmann
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA7FFE4FEB7F8C9FE44D815" box="[335,391,1891,1917]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">et al.</emphasis>
2009
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FFA7FFE4FF3FF82AFDA3D8C9" blockId="36.[151,1437,1279,1954]" box="[199,608,1927,1954]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA7FFE4FF3FF82AFE4ED8C9" bold="true" box="[199,397,1927,1953]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">DNA-barcoding.</emphasis>
No data available.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FFA6FFE5FF60FBB0FB9BDB5D" blockId="37.[152,1112,1053,1077]" box="[152,1112,1053,1077]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA6FFE5FF60FBB0FF34DB5D" bold="true" box="[152,247,1053,1077]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">MAP 11.</emphasis>
Distribution patterns of the
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FFA6FFE5FDEDFBB0FD75DB5D" box="[533,694,1053,1077]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA6FFE5FDEDFBB0FDA4DB5D" box="[533,615,1053,1077]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Scopula</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FFA6FFE5FD45FBB0FC87DB5D" baseAuthorityName="Herrich-Schaffer" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[701,836,1053,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Scopula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="immistaria">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA6FFE5FD45FBB0FC87DB5D" box="[701,836,1053,1077]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">S. immistaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FFA6FFE5FC8DFBB0FBC4DB5D" authorityName="Brandt" authorityYear="1941" box="[885,1031,1053,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Scopula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lactarioides">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA6FFE5FC8DFBB0FC41DB5C" box="[885,898,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA6FFE5FC76FBB0FBC4DB5D" box="[910,1031,1053,1077]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">lactarioides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingCountry id="25939CD6FFA6FFE5FBD0FBB3FB97DB5D" box="[1064,1108,1054,1077]" name="Iran" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Iran</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>