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<document id="8CDE9CE1DDCCE798471BA93F63D1F622" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5359.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10147920" ID-ZooBank="11CC5175-7CCE-453F-88EB-3490E82F4972" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1700203423776" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Wanke, Dominic, Hausmann, Axel, Lee, Kyung Min, Murillo-Ramos, Leidys, Sihvonen, Pasi &amp; Rajaei, Hossein" docDate="2023" docId="D52D6D50FFA1FFE3FF6FF984FAA6DD09" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5359.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5359 (1)" docSource="https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5359.1.1/52094" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Scopula adelpharia" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="36" masterDocId="29141528FF83FFC0FFF8FFADFFC3DF68" masterDocTitle="Systematics and integrative taxonomic revision of the tribe Scopulini Duponchel, 1845 in Iran (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Sterrhinae)" masterLastPageNumber="96" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="35" updateTime="1700204211901" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="43B3BC9774FDF58A8EAF070F4F7B3053">Systematics and integrative taxonomic revision of the tribe Scopulini Duponchel, 1845 in Iran (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Sterrhinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C1C8DDC3229FA91CDCA1E57DC487B5F8">Wanke, Dominic</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="EA559AFB5741C88E0CC8030C835775BB">State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart, Entomology, Rosenstein &amp; D- 70191 Stuttgart, Germany. &amp; University of Hohenheim, Systematic Entomology (190 n), Garbenstr. 30, D- 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="81730248000F41C4245F0C80D06D9E07">Hausmann, Axel</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="DF39A6470A6AD06EF916D520A13A9003">SNSB-ZSM, Bavarian State Collection of Zoology, Münchhausenstr. 21, D- 81247 Munich, Germany.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="55F9D8C38371AB5888A06A406CB964B1">Lee, Kyung Min</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="8C2EA4B168B59112C2B06A4007D38D33">Finnish Museum of Natural History, Zoology Unit, University of Helsinki, P. O. Box</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm id="8FE5780E5F6D6D1C87B25849B3A24D5E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="6AF5D73EBD384079F4F23DB36B3FAD4B">Murillo-Ramos, Leidys</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="493B1358983B1B9F8A4F7D4FD7896D84">Grupo Biologi ́ a Evolutiva, Department of Biology, Universidad de Sucre, Sincelejo, Sucre, Colombia. Corresponding author.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="62097B51C3D84DB36CB03CADBD0F5ED2">Sihvonen, Pasi</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="494D3563DEF9EE7BC45931131B54E42D">Finnish Museum of Natural History, Zoology Unit, University of Helsinki, P. O. Box</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="383E15AD36855F8CBD2E1E9D70A337D2">Rajaei, Hossein</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="2D2554611D5248230C17232C58630018">State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart, Entomology, Rosenstein &amp; D- 70191 Stuttgart, Germany.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="AE647814C47F3CDD42573C004D5EB21C">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="060005E82CC2861C3BDE751F22CC3DD3">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="67B4483A7B2E918D0C3098DAD2B1FE9A" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5359.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="DF41622283AE013B9923C34AFA1548D5" type="ISSN">1175-5334</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="D52D6D50FFA1FFE3FF6FF984FAA6DD09" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D52D6D50FFA1FFE3FF6FF984FAA6DD09" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D52D6D50FFA1FFE3FF6FF984FAA6DD09" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<subSubSection id="159E8FCDFFA1FFE2FF6FF984FD97D92B" box="[151,596,1577,1604]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FFA1FFE2FF6FF984FD97D92B" blockId="34.[151,844,1577,1640]" box="[151,596,1577,1604]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<heading id="06736B2AFFA1FFE2FF6FF984FD97D92B" bold="true" box="[151,596,1577,1604]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FFA1FFE2FF6FF984FD97D92B" ID-CoL="4VVTG" authority="(Pungeler, 1894)" baseAuthorityName="Pungeler" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[151,596,1577,1604]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Scopula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adelpharia">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA1FFE2FF6FF984FD97D92B" bold="true" box="[151,596,1577,1604]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA1FFE2FF6FF984FE41D92C" bold="true" box="[151,386,1577,1604]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Scopula adelpharia</emphasis>
(Püngeler, 1894)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="159E8FCDFFA1FFE2FF6FF9E3FDA4D980" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="description">
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FFA1FFE2FF6FF9E3FC8FD900" blockId="34.[151,844,1577,1640]" box="[151,844,1614,1640]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
(
<figureCitation id="C5BFC0C3FFA1FFE2FF67F9E3FF2CD900" box="[159,239,1614,1640]" captionStart="PLATE 8" captionStartId="52.[152,238,1603,1627]" captionText="PLATE 8: Figures 1–19. Wing pattern of Scopula species. 1–2: S. immutata ([Hungary], Bükk̂sd, 1: 1246/2021 D. Wanke, 2: 1247/2021 D. Wanke); 3–4: S. flaccidaria (3: N-Iran, Masandaran, Schasavar, g. prep. 1053/2021 D. Wanke; 4: N Iran, Bandar Pahlavi, g. prep. 1054/2021 D. Wanke); 5–6: S. iranaria syn. nov. of S. flaccidaria (Iran, Kerdej, 5: g. prep. 11060, 6: Cotype, g. prep. 2299/2020 H. Rajaei); 7–9: S. minorata (Spain, Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, 7: g. prep. 1248/2021 D. Wanke, 8: g. prep. 1249/2021 D. Wanke; 9: Yemen, Sana, Makaban, g. prep. 1304/2022 D. Wanke); 10–13: S. adelpharia (10: S Iran, Hormozgan, Sirki, g. prep. 1309/2022 D. Wanke; 11–13: Sudan, Ed Damer, Hudeiba, 11: g. prep. 1268/2022 D. Wanke, 12: g. prep. 1270/2022 D. Wanke, 13: g. prep. 1271/2022 D. Wanke); 14–15: S. albiceraria (14: Mongolia, Selenge aimag, near Ochron, g. prep. 1305/2022 D. Wanke; 15: SW Mongolia, Gobi-Altai aimak, SSW Zhargalan, g. prep. 1301/2022 D. Wanke); 16–17: S. immistaria (16: N Iran, Masandaran, Damavand, g. prep. 0830/2020 D. Wanke; 17: Iran, Esfahan, Fereydunshahr, g. prep. 0814/2020 D. Wanke); 18–19: S. lactarioides (18: Iran, Baloutchistan, Bender Tchahbahar, g. prep. 11057; 19: Iran, Makran, Chahbar Küste, g. prep. 0879/2020 D. Wanke). a = upperside; b = underside. Scale-bar 1 cm." pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Plate 8</figureCitation>
, Figs 10–13;
<figureCitation id="C5BFC0C3FFA1FFE2FE70F9E3FE26D900" box="[392,485,1614,1640]" captionStart="PLATE 18" captionStartId="64.[152,238,1872,1896]" captionTargetBox="[161,1431,190,1838]" captionTargetId="figure-20@64.[151,1436,181,1848]" captionTargetPageId="64" captionText="PLATE 18: Figures 1–6. Male genitalia of Scopula species.1: S. flaccidaria (N-Iran,Masandaran,Schasavar,g.prep.1053/2021 D. Wanke). 2: S. iranaria syn. nov. of S. flaccidaria (Cotype, Iran, Kerdej, g. prep. 2299/2020 H. Rajaei); 3: S. minorata (Spain, Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, g. prep. 1248/2021 D. Wanke); 4: S. adelpharia (S Iran, Hormozgan, Sirki, g. prep. 1309/2022 D. Wanke); 5: S. albiceraria (Mongolia, Selenge aimag, near Ochron, g. prep. 1305/2022 D. Wanke); 6: S. immistaria (N Iran, Masandaran, Damavand, g. prep. 0830/2020 D. Wanke); a = genitalia capsule; b = aedeagus; c = 8th sternite. Scale-bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10147946" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10147946/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Plate 18</figureCitation>
, Fig. 4;
<figureCitation id="C5BFC0C3FFA1FFE2FDB9F9E3FD5DD900" box="[577,670,1614,1640]" captionStart="PLATE 26" captionStartId="72.[152,238,1891,1915]" captionTargetBox="[207,1380,160,1871]" captionTargetId="figure-20@72.[197,1390,143,1881]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="PLATE 26: Figures 1–7. Female genitalia of Scopula species. 1: S. minorata (Spain, Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, g. prep. 1249/2021 D. Wanke); 2: S. adelpharia (Sudan, Ed Damer, Hudeiba, g. prep. 1270/2022 D. Wanke); 3: S. albiceraria (SW- Mongolia, SSW Zhargalan, g. prep. 1301/2022 D. Wanke); 4: S. immistaria (Iran, Tehran, NNW Shemshak, g. prep. 0832/2020 D. Wanke); 5: S. lactarioides (Iran, Makran, Chahbar Küste, g. prep. 0879/2020 D. Wanke); 6: S. diffinaria diffinaria (Iran, Mazandaran, S Shah Kuh-e Pain, g. prep. 0521/2020 D. Wanke). Scale-bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10147964" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10147964/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Plate 26</figureCitation>
, Fig. 2; Map 9)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FFA1FFE2FF6FF93FFA5FD9A1" blockId="34.[151,1436,1682,1768]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FFA1FFE2FF6FF93FFDC6D9C2" authority="Pungeler, 1894" authorityName="Pungeler" authorityYear="1894" box="[151,517,1682,1706]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Acidalia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adelpharia">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA1FFE2FF6FF93FFEA1D9C2" box="[151,354,1682,1706]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Acidalia adelpharia</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="EDECD61BFFA1FFE2FE91F93FFDC6D9C2" box="[361,517,1682,1706]" location="Stettiner" municipality="Zeitung" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="syntype">Püngeler, 1894</materialsCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<location id="585B8A9DFFA1FFE2FDF6F93FFDA7D9C2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D52D6D50FFA1FFE3FF6FF984FAA6DD09:585B8A9DFFA1FFE2FDF6F93FFDA7D9C2" box="[526,612,1682,1706]" municipality="Zeitung" name="Stettiner" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Stettiner</location>
entomologische
<collectingMunicipality id="BD5F463CFFA1FFE2FCE9F93FFCA1D9C2" box="[785,866,1682,1706]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Zeitung</collectingMunicipality>
, 55 (1–3): 76.
<typeStatus id="823F62E4FFA1FFE2FC0EF93FFB90D9C2" box="[1014,1107,1682,1706]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="syntype">Syntypes</typeStatus>
<materialsCitation id="EDECD61BFFA1FFE2FBA1F93FFA5FD9A1" country="Palestine" location="Jericho" municipality="Zeitschrift des Osterreichischen Entomologischen Vereins" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="3" typeStatus="holotype">
2 ♁,
<specimenCount id="4B8217CFFFA1FFE2FB74F93FFB71D9C2" box="[1164,1202,1682,1706]" count="3" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="female">3 ♀</specimenCount>
(
<collectingCountry id="25939CD6FFA1FFE2FB38F93FFAE2D9C2" box="[1216,1313,1682,1706]" name="Palestine" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Palestine</collectingCountry>
:
<location id="585B8A9DFFA1FFE2FAD2F93FFABBD9C2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D52D6D50FFA1FFE3FF6FF984FAA6DD09:585B8A9DFFA1FFE2FAD2F93FFABBD9C2" box="[1322,1400,1682,1706]" country="Palestine" municipality="Zeitschrift des Osterreichischen Entomologischen Vereins" name="Jericho" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Jericho</location>
).
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FFA1FFE2FF6FF91CFDBED9A1" authority="Sterneck, 1933" authorityName="Sterneck" authorityYear="1933" box="[151,637,1713,1737]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Scopula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="adelpharia" subSpecies="pharaonis">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA1FFE2FF6FF91CFE17D9A1" box="[151,468,1713,1737]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Scopula adelpharia pharaonis</emphasis>
Sterneck, 1933
</taxonomicName>
.
<collectingMunicipality id="BD5F463CFFA1FFE2FD72F91CFB2BD9A1" box="[650,1256,1713,1739]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Zeitschrift des Österreichischen Entomologischen Vereins</collectingMunicipality>
, 18: 9.
<typeStatus id="823F62E4FFA1FFE2FAC6F91CFA5FD9A1" box="[1342,1436,1713,1737]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FFA1FFE2FF3FF97DFDA4D980" blockId="34.[151,1436,1682,1768]" box="[199,615,1744,1768]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
(
<collectingCountry id="25939CD6FFA1FFE2FF36F97DFED3D980" box="[206,272,1744,1768]" name="Egypt" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Egypt</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="9F4012A4FFA1FFE2FEE2F97DFE94D980" box="[282,343,1744,1768]" country="Egypt" name="Al Qahirah" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Cairo</collectingRegion>
). Valid at subspecific rank.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="159E8FCDFFA1FFE2FF6FF8B8FD40D858" box="[151,643,1813,1842]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FFA1FFE2FF6FF8B8FD40D858" blockId="34.[151,1437,1813,2020]" box="[151,643,1813,1842]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA1FFE2FF6FF8B8FE40D847" bold="true" box="[151,387,1813,1839]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Material examined:</emphasis>
6 ♁/
<specimenCount id="4B8217CFFFA1FFE2FE46F8BAFE12D85A" box="[446,465,1815,1842]" count="1" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
(see appendix).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="159E8FCDFFA1FFE3FF3FF894FDB8DE29" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FFA1FFE2FF3FF894FC49D8F4" blockId="34.[151,1437,1813,2020]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA1FFE2FF3FF894FE81D83B" bold="true" box="[199,322,1849,1875]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Wingspan ♁
<specimenCount id="4B8217CFFFA1FFE2FE2FF896FE2FD83E" box="[471,492,1851,1878]" count="1" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
<quantity id="9A7C71A3FFA1FFE2FE0DF897FDB1D83C" box="[501,626,1850,1876]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" unit="mm" value="15.0" valueMax="16.0" valueMin="14.0">14–16 mm</quantity>
. Ground colour yellowish-beige (
<figureCitation id="C5BFC0C3FFA1FFE2FC17F897FB83D83C" box="[1007,1088,1850,1876]" captionStart="PLATE 8" captionStartId="52.[152,238,1603,1627]" captionText="PLATE 8: Figures 1–19. Wing pattern of Scopula species. 1–2: S. immutata ([Hungary], Bükk̂sd, 1: 1246/2021 D. Wanke, 2: 1247/2021 D. Wanke); 3–4: S. flaccidaria (3: N-Iran, Masandaran, Schasavar, g. prep. 1053/2021 D. Wanke; 4: N Iran, Bandar Pahlavi, g. prep. 1054/2021 D. Wanke); 5–6: S. iranaria syn. nov. of S. flaccidaria (Iran, Kerdej, 5: g. prep. 11060, 6: Cotype, g. prep. 2299/2020 H. Rajaei); 7–9: S. minorata (Spain, Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, 7: g. prep. 1248/2021 D. Wanke, 8: g. prep. 1249/2021 D. Wanke; 9: Yemen, Sana, Makaban, g. prep. 1304/2022 D. Wanke); 10–13: S. adelpharia (10: S Iran, Hormozgan, Sirki, g. prep. 1309/2022 D. Wanke; 11–13: Sudan, Ed Damer, Hudeiba, 11: g. prep. 1268/2022 D. Wanke, 12: g. prep. 1270/2022 D. Wanke, 13: g. prep. 1271/2022 D. Wanke); 14–15: S. albiceraria (14: Mongolia, Selenge aimag, near Ochron, g. prep. 1305/2022 D. Wanke; 15: SW Mongolia, Gobi-Altai aimak, SSW Zhargalan, g. prep. 1301/2022 D. Wanke); 16–17: S. immistaria (16: N Iran, Masandaran, Damavand, g. prep. 0830/2020 D. Wanke; 17: Iran, Esfahan, Fereydunshahr, g. prep. 0814/2020 D. Wanke); 18–19: S. lactarioides (18: Iran, Baloutchistan, Bender Tchahbahar, g. prep. 11057; 19: Iran, Makran, Chahbar Küste, g. prep. 0879/2020 D. Wanke). a = upperside; b = underside. Scale-bar 1 cm." pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Plate 8</figureCitation>
, Figs 10–13). In
<collectingCountry id="25939CD6FFA1FFE2FAFEF897FAF5D83C" box="[1286,1334,1850,1876]" name="Iran" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Iran</collectingCountry>
,
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FFA1FFE2FABAF897FED1D810" baseAuthorityName="Pungeler" baseAuthorityYear="1894" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Scopula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adelpharia">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA1FFE2FABAF897FED1D810" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Scopula adelpharia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can externally be confused only with
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FFA1FFE2FD34F8F3FC92D810" baseAuthorityName="Boisduval" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[716,849,1886,1912]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Scopula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minorata">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA1FFE2FD34F8F3FD19D810" box="[716,730,1886,1912]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA1FFE2FD12F8F2FC92D810" box="[746,849,1887,1912]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">minorata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FFA1FFE2FC73F8F3FBECD810" authorityName="Brandt" authorityYear="1941" box="[907,1071,1886,1912]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Scopula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lactarioides">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA1FFE2FC73F8F3FC5AD810" box="[907,921,1886,1912]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA1FFE2FC51F8F3FBECD810" box="[937,1071,1886,1912]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">lactarioides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but the genitalia of these three species are characteristic and can be used for species identification.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FFA1FFE2FF3FF80BFB15D88C" blockId="34.[151,1437,1813,2020]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
In the male genitalia 8th sternite with right ceras long, left ceras short and curved (left ceras long, right ceras short in
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FFA1FFE2FF0BF867FEB5D88C" baseAuthorityName="Boisduval" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[243,374,1994,2020]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Scopula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minorata">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA1FFE2FF0BF867FEC2D88C" box="[243,257,1994,2020]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA1FFE2FEF7F866FEB5D88C" box="[271,374,1995,2020]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">minorata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; both cerata long in
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FFA1FFE2FDA5F867FCC3D88C" authorityName="Brandt" authorityYear="1941" box="[605,768,1994,2020]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Scopula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lactarioides">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA1FFE2FDA5F867FDA8D88C" box="[605,619,1994,2020]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA1FFE2FD81F867FCC3D88C" box="[633,768,1994,2020]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">lactarioides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA1FFE2FD07F867FCC4D88C" box="[767,775,1994,2020]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">)</emphasis>
(see
<figureCitation id="C5BFC0C3FFA1FFE2FCBBF867FC63D88C" box="[835,928,1994,2020]" captionStart="PLATE 18" captionStartId="64.[152,238,1872,1896]" captionTargetBox="[161,1431,190,1838]" captionTargetId="figure-20@64.[151,1436,181,1848]" captionTargetPageId="64" captionText="PLATE 18: Figures 1–6. Male genitalia of Scopula species.1: S. flaccidaria (N-Iran,Masandaran,Schasavar,g.prep.1053/2021 D. Wanke). 2: S. iranaria syn. nov. of S. flaccidaria (Cotype, Iran, Kerdej, g. prep. 2299/2020 H. Rajaei); 3: S. minorata (Spain, Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, g. prep. 1248/2021 D. Wanke); 4: S. adelpharia (S Iran, Hormozgan, Sirki, g. prep. 1309/2022 D. Wanke); 5: S. albiceraria (Mongolia, Selenge aimag, near Ochron, g. prep. 1305/2022 D. Wanke); 6: S. immistaria (N Iran, Masandaran, Damavand, g. prep. 0830/2020 D. Wanke); a = genitalia capsule; b = aedeagus; c = 8th sternite. Scale-bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10147946" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10147946/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Plate 18</figureCitation>
, Figs 3–4;
<figureCitation id="C5BFC0C3FFA1FFE2FBE4F867FBBAD88C" box="[1052,1145,1994,2020]" captionStart="PLATE 19" captionStartId="65.[152,232,1886,1910]" captionTargetBox="[198,1390,153,1874]" captionTargetId="figure-20@65.[188,1399,143,1881]" captionTargetPageId="65" captionText="PLATE 19: Figures 1–4. Male genitalia of Scopula species. 1: S. lactarioides (Iran, Baloutchistan, Bender Tchahbahar, g. prep. 11057); 2: S. diffinaria diffinaria (a, b, c1: [Turkey], Akschehir, g. prep. 0574/2020 D. Wanke, c2: Iran, Elbours, Polour, g. prep. 0533/2020 D. Wanke; c3: Iran, Kordestan, NE Baneh, g. prep. 0653/2020 D.Wanke); 3: S. diffinaria asiatica syn. nov. of S. diffinaria diffinaria (a, b, c1: Paratype, Iran, Fars, [Komehr], g. prep. 10872, c2: S Iran, Fars, Tange Surkh, g. prep. 0592/2020 D. Wanke); 4: S. orbeorum (Holotype, [Iran], Tach i Suleiman, g. prep. 1970 ZSM Hausmann). a = genitalia capsule; b = aedeagus; c = 8th sternite. Scale-bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10147948" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10147948/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Plate 19</figureCitation>
, Fig. 1).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FFA0FFE3FF3FFF3AFCB3DF91" blockId="35.[151,1437,151,609]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
In the female genitalia antrum with half-moon-shaped sclerite (with an oval sclerite, apically notched in
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FFA0FFE3FA7FFF3AFF3DDFBC" baseAuthorityName="Boisduval" baseAuthorityYear="1833" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Scopula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minorata">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA0FFE3FA7FFF3AFA56DFD9" box="[1415,1429,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA0FFE3FF6FFF16FF3DDFBC" box="[151,254,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">minorata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; with small rounded sclerite in in
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FFA0FFE3FD83FF16FCDEDFBD" authorityName="Brandt" authorityYear="1941" box="[635,797,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Scopula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lactarioides">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA0FFE3FD83FF16FD4ADFBD" box="[635,649,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA0FFE3FD6FFF16FCDEDFBD" box="[663,797,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">lactarioides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Signum weakly developed, elongated and narrow (oval in
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FFA0FFE3FF4CFF72FEF4DF90" baseAuthorityName="Boisduval" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[180,311,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Scopula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minorata">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA0FFE3FF4CFF72FF01DF91" box="[180,194,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA0FFE3FF28FF72FEF4DF90" box="[208,311,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">minorata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; absent
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FFA0FFE3FE6CFF72FDF5DF91" authorityName="Brandt" authorityYear="1941" box="[404,566,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Scopula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lactarioides">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA0FFE3FE6CFF72FE61DF91" box="[404,418,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA0FFE3FE48FF72FDF5DF91" box="[432,566,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">lactarioides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (see
<figureCitation id="C5BFC0C3FFA0FFE3FD82FF72FD14DF91" box="[634,727,223,249]" captionStart="PLATE 26" captionStartId="72.[152,238,1891,1915]" captionTargetBox="[207,1380,160,1871]" captionTargetId="figure-20@72.[197,1390,143,1881]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="PLATE 26: Figures 1–7. Female genitalia of Scopula species. 1: S. minorata (Spain, Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, g. prep. 1249/2021 D. Wanke); 2: S. adelpharia (Sudan, Ed Damer, Hudeiba, g. prep. 1270/2022 D. Wanke); 3: S. albiceraria (SW- Mongolia, SSW Zhargalan, g. prep. 1301/2022 D. Wanke); 4: S. immistaria (Iran, Tehran, NNW Shemshak, g. prep. 0832/2020 D. Wanke); 5: S. lactarioides (Iran, Makran, Chahbar Küste, g. prep. 0879/2020 D. Wanke); 6: S. diffinaria diffinaria (Iran, Mazandaran, S Shah Kuh-e Pain, g. prep. 0521/2020 D. Wanke). Scale-bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10147964" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10147964/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Plate 26</figureCitation>
, Figs 1–2, 5).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FFA0FFE3FF3FFEAEFDB8DE29" blockId="35.[151,1437,151,609]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA0FFE3FF3FFEAEFE8ADE75" bold="true" box="[199,329,259,285]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Phenology.</emphasis>
Plurivoltine species, generally active in all months of the year (
<bibRefCitation id="3915A1B7FFA0FFE3FBF0FEAEFAC1DE75" author="Hausmann, A. &amp; Kravchenko, V. &amp; Muller, G." box="[1032,1282,259,285]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="1 - 256" refId="ref42810" refString="Hausmann, A., Kravchenko, V. &amp; Muller, G. (2020) The Lepidoptera of Israel. Vol. 3. Geometridae. Proceedings of the Museum Witt Munich, 9, 1 - 256." type="journal article" year="2020">
Hausmann
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA0FFE3FB70FEAEFB7CDE75" box="[1160,1215,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">et al.</emphasis>
2020
</bibRefCitation>
). Investigated specimens in
<collectingCountry id="25939CD6FFA0FFE3FEC8FE8AFE9EDE29" box="[304,349,295,321]" name="Iran" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Iran</collectingCountry>
were collected in March.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="159E8FCDFFA0FFE3FF3FFEE7FF37DEB9" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FFA0FFE3FF3FFEE7FD98DEE1" blockId="35.[151,1437,151,609]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA0FFE3FF3FFEE7FEE4DE0C" bold="true" box="[199,295,330,356]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Biology.</emphasis>
Polyphagous, larva feeding on species of different families (e.g.,
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FFA0FFE3FBDEFEE6FB52DE0D" box="[1062,1169,331,357]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FFA0FFE3FB65FEE6FAD8DE0D" box="[1181,1307,331,357]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FFA0FFE3FAD1FEE6FA56DE0D" box="[1321,1429,331,357]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rosaceae</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="3915A1B7FFA0FFE3FF67FEC2FE89DEE1" author="Wiltshire, E. P." box="[159,330,367,393]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="91 - 250" refId="ref46679" refString="Wiltshire, E. P. (1990) An Illustrated. Annotated Catalogue of the Macro-Heterocera of Saudi Arabia. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 11, 91 - 250." type="journal article" year="1990">
<collectingRegion id="9F4012A4FFA0FFE3FF67FEC2FECBDEE1" box="[159,264,367,393]" country="United Kingdom" name="Wiltshire" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Wiltshire</collectingRegion>
1990
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="3915A1B7FFA0FFE3FEADFEC2FD8CDEE1" author="Hausmann, A. &amp; Kravchenko, V. &amp; Muller, G." box="[341,591,367,393]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="1 - 256" refId="ref42810" refString="Hausmann, A., Kravchenko, V. &amp; Muller, G. (2020) The Lepidoptera of Israel. Vol. 3. Geometridae. Proceedings of the Museum Witt Munich, 9, 1 - 256." type="journal article" year="2020">
Hausmann
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA0FFE3FE2BFEC2FDCFDEE1" box="[467,524,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">et al.</emphasis>
2020
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FFA0FFE3FF3FFE3FFF37DEB9" blockId="35.[151,1437,151,609]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA0FFE3FF3FFE3FFEE9DEC4" bold="true" box="[199,298,402,428]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Habitat.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="EDECD61BFFA0FFE3FEC8FE3EFDD8DEC5" box="[304,539,403,429]" country="Israel" elevation="400" location="In" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" specimenCount="1">
<location id="585B8A9DFFA0FFE3FEC8FE3EFE84DEC5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D52D6D50FFA1FFE3FF6FF984FAA6DD09:585B8A9DFFA0FFE3FEC8FE3EFE84DEC5" box="[304,327,403,429]" country="Israel" name="In" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">In</location>
<collectingCountry id="25939CD6FFA0FFE3FEB4FE3EFE49DEC5" box="[332,394,403,429]" name="Israel" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Israel</collectingCountry>
from -
<quantity id="9A7C71A3FFA0FFE3FE2CFE3EFDD8DEC5" box="[468,539,403,429]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="m" value="400.0">
<elevation id="D6A93B75FFA0FFE3FE2CFE3EFDD8DEC5" box="[468,539,403,429]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="m" value="400.0">400 m</elevation>
</quantity>
</materialsCitation>
to
<quantity id="9A7C71A3FFA0FFE3FDC4FE3EFD4DDEC5" box="[572,654,403,429]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="m" value="1100.0">1100 m</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3915A1B7FFA0FFE3FD63FE3EFC57DEC5" author="Hausmann, A. &amp; Kravchenko, V. &amp; Muller, G." box="[667,916,403,429]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="1 - 256" refId="ref42810" refString="Hausmann, A., Kravchenko, V. &amp; Muller, G. (2020) The Lepidoptera of Israel. Vol. 3. Geometridae. Proceedings of the Museum Witt Munich, 9, 1 - 256." type="journal article" year="2020">
Hausmann
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA0FFE3FCE2FE3EFC92DEC5" box="[794,849,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">et al.</emphasis>
2020
</bibRefCitation>
).
<materialsCitation id="EDECD61BFFA0FFE3FC5CFE3EFF37DEB9" country="Iran" elevation="50" location="Investigated" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" specimenCount="50">
<location id="585B8A9DFFA0FFE3FC5CFE3EFBEEDEC5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D52D6D50FFA1FFE3FF6FF984FAA6DD09:585B8A9DFFA0FFE3FC5CFE3EFBEEDEC5" box="[932,1069,403,429]" country="Iran" name="Investigated" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Investigated</location>
specimens in
<collectingCountry id="25939CD6FFA0FFE3FB30FE3EFB36DEC5" box="[1224,1269,403,429]" name="Iran" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Iran</collectingCountry>
were collected in
<specimenCount id="4B8217CFFFA0FFE3FF4CFE1BFF37DEB9" box="[180,244,438,465]" count="50" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="generic">
<quantity id="9A7C71A3FFA0FFE3FF4CFE1BFF33DEB9" box="[180,240,438,465]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="m" value="50.0">
<elevation id="D6A93B75FFA0FFE3FF4CFE1BFF33DEB9" box="[180,240,438,465]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="m" value="50.0">50 m</elevation>
</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="159E8FCDFFA0FFE3FF3FFE77FAA6DD09" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FFA0FFE3FF3FFE77FC6EDD55" blockId="35.[151,1437,151,609]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA0FFE3FF3FFE77FEA2DE9C" bold="true" box="[199,353,474,500]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Distribution.</emphasis>
Distributed in the Levant, the Arabian Peninsula, Sokotra,
<collectingCountry id="25939CD6FFA0FFE3FBFDFE76FB8DDE9D" box="[1029,1102,475,501]" name="Sudan" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Sudan</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="25939CD6FFA0FFE3FBA3FE76FB7EDE9D" box="[1115,1213,475,501]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="25939CD6FFA0FFE3FB31FE76FAEADE9D" box="[1225,1321,475,501]" name="Djibouti" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Djibouti</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="25939CD6FFA0FFE3FACEFE76FAA8DE9D" box="[1334,1387,475,501]" name="Serbia" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Mali</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="25939CD6FFA0FFE3FF6FFE52FF3FDD71" box="[151,252,511,537]" name="Tanzania" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3915A1B7FFA0FFE3FEF2FE52FDC5DD71" author="Hausmann, A. &amp; Kravchenko, V. &amp; Muller, G." box="[266,518,511,537]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="1 - 256" refId="ref42810" refString="Hausmann, A., Kravchenko, V. &amp; Muller, G. (2020) The Lepidoptera of Israel. Vol. 3. Geometridae. Proceedings of the Museum Witt Munich, 9, 1 - 256." type="journal article" year="2020">
Hausmann
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA0FFE3FE73FE52FE00DD71" box="[395,451,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">et al.</emphasis>
2020
</bibRefCitation>
). In
<collectingCountry id="25939CD6FFA0FFE3FDCFFE52FDA7DD71" box="[567,612,511,537]" name="Iran" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Iran</collectingCountry>
distributed in the southeastern parts (see Map 9) and has been reported in the literature also for southern
<collectingCountry id="25939CD6FFA0FFE3FE08FD8EFDDEDD55" box="[496,541,547,573]" name="Iran" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Iran</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3915A1B7FFA0FFE3FDD3FD8EFD68DD55" author="Prout, L. B." box="[555,683,546,573]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refId="ref44052" refString="Prout, L. B. (1912 - 1916) Die spannerartigen Nachtfalter. In: Seitz, A. (Ed.), Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde. Vol. 4. A. Kernen verlag, Stuttgart, pp. 1 - 479." type="book" year="1912">Prout 1912</bibRefCitation>
–1915;
<bibRefCitation id="3915A1B7FFA0FFE3FD05FD8EFC67DD55" author="Wiltshire, E. P." box="[765,932,547,573]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="187 - 216" refId="ref46646" refString="Wiltshire, E. P. (1980) The larger moths of Dhofar and their zoogeographic composition. Journal of Oman Studies, Special Report, 2, 187 - 216." type="journal article" year="1980">Wiltshire 1980</bibRefCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FFA0FFE3FF3FFDEBFAA6DD09" blockId="35.[151,1437,151,609]" box="[199,1381,582,609]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA0FFE3FF3FFDEBFE4EDD08" bold="true" box="[199,397,582,608]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">DNA-barcoding.</emphasis>
Nearest species:
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FFA0FFE3FDA8FDEAFC45DD09" authority="(Rebel, 1907)" baseAuthorityName="Rebel" baseAuthorityYear="1907" box="[592,902,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Scopula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhodinaria">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA0FFE3FDA8FDEAFD26DD09" box="[592,741,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">S. rhodinaria</emphasis>
(Rebel, 1907)
</taxonomicName>
with 8.0 % (see Supplementary Table S1).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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