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<document id="A34D1717D20AECD8CBAB872A477790C3" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5359.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10147920" ID-ZooBank="11CC5175-7CCE-453F-88EB-3490E82F4972" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1700203423776" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Wanke, Dominic, Hausmann, Axel, Lee, Kyung Min, Murillo-Ramos, Leidys, Sihvonen, Pasi &amp; Rajaei, Hossein" docDate="2023" docId="D52D6D50FFA0FFE4FF6FF8E2FB87DC88" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5359.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5359 (1)" docSource="https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5359.1.1/52094" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Scopula immistaria" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="37" masterDocId="29141528FF83FFC0FFF8FFADFFC3DF68" masterDocTitle="Systematics and integrative taxonomic revision of the tribe Scopulini Duponchel, 1845 in Iran (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Sterrhinae)" masterLastPageNumber="96" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="36" updateTime="1700204211901" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="36CE221C8BEC09DF372FB083B53FCE3E">Systematics and integrative taxonomic revision of the tribe Scopulini Duponchel, 1845 in Iran (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Sterrhinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CA3A9718BBCF400883453E114255CB5C">Wanke, Dominic</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="8C3989817084B6774FD81D4197C1921A">State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart, Entomology, Rosenstein &amp; D- 70191 Stuttgart, Germany. &amp; University of Hohenheim, Systematic Entomology (190 n), Garbenstr. 30, D- 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="9E1CE67A46345F865B8C565C8065A56E">Hausmann, Axel</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="82F0764371C192760376939C898E7299">SNSB-ZSM, Bavarian State Collection of Zoology, Münchhausenstr. 21, D- 81247 Munich, Germany.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="77B30B8906FC49D3E297DF5A130A443F">Lee, Kyung Min</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="24B959CE57B6D3385AB2F7207FBC015B">Finnish Museum of Natural History, Zoology Unit, University of Helsinki, P. O. Box</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="A0C1A935B87E44DF1F574EA4E05D7B13">Murillo-Ramos, Leidys</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="BB3931F0F7A08CE918D8FF8A04147F02">Grupo Biologi ́ a Evolutiva, Department of Biology, Universidad de Sucre, Sincelejo, Sucre, Colombia. Corresponding author.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="07E7D9A555CDAEE79C8C0AA93C74CE86">Sihvonen, Pasi</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="30BB698AC203CB868F8FED72FB2FE34B">Finnish Museum of Natural History, Zoology Unit, University of Helsinki, P. O. Box</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="1D395FEC5FBABB25E1B94EC7EEF33F61">Rajaei, Hossein</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="2DA8E4BE37EB9632B8940EC3747A351A">State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart, Entomology, Rosenstein &amp; D- 70191 Stuttgart, Germany.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="B09A3238D0ADBF4B173A8436A74737FE">2023</mods:date>
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<treatment id="D52D6D50FFA0FFE4FF6FF8E2FB87DC88" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D52D6D50FFA0FFE4FF6FF8E2FB87DC88" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D52D6D50FFA0FFE4FF6FF8E2FB87DC88" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<subSubSection id="159E8FCDFFA0FFE3FF6FF8E2FD78D802" box="[151,699,1871,1898]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FFA0FFE3FF6FF8E2FD78D802" blockId="35.[151,856,1871,1935]" box="[151,699,1871,1898]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<heading id="06736B2AFFA0FFE3FF6FF8E2FD78D802" bold="true" box="[151,699,1871,1898]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FFA0FFE3FF6FF8E2FD78D802" ID-CoL="93MF2" authority="(Herrich-Schaffer, 1852)" baseAuthorityName="Herrich-Schaffer" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[151,699,1871,1898]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Scopula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="immistaria">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA0FFE3FF6FF8E2FD78D802" bold="true" box="[151,699,1871,1898]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA0FFE3FF6FF8E2FE41D802" bold="true" box="[151,386,1871,1898]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Scopula immistaria</emphasis>
(Herrich-Schäffer, 1852)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="159E8FCDFFA0FFE4FF6FF8D9FD10DF84" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="description">
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FFA0FFE3FF6FF8D9FC9BD8E6" blockId="35.[151,856,1871,1935]" box="[151,856,1908,1935]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
(
<figureCitation id="C5BFC0C3FFA0FFE3FF67F8D9FF2CD8E6" box="[159,239,1908,1934]" captionStart="PLATE 8" captionStartId="52.[152,238,1603,1627]" captionText="PLATE 8: Figures 119. Wing pattern of Scopula species. 12: S. immutata ([Hungary], Bükk̂sd, 1: 1246/2021 D. Wanke, 2: 1247/2021 D. Wanke); 34: S. flaccidaria (3: N-Iran, Masandaran, Schasavar, g. prep. 1053/2021 D. Wanke; 4: N Iran, Bandar Pahlavi, g. prep. 1054/2021 D. Wanke); 56: S. iranaria syn. nov. of S. flaccidaria (Iran, Kerdej, 5: g. prep. 11060, 6: Cotype, g. prep. 2299/2020 H. Rajaei); 79: S. minorata (Spain, Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, 7: g. prep. 1248/2021 D. Wanke, 8: g. prep. 1249/2021 D. Wanke; 9: Yemen, Sana, Makaban, g. prep. 1304/2022 D. Wanke); 1013: S. adelpharia (10: S Iran, Hormozgan, Sirki, g. prep. 1309/2022 D. Wanke; 1113: Sudan, Ed Damer, Hudeiba, 11: g. prep. 1268/2022 D. Wanke, 12: g. prep. 1270/2022 D. Wanke, 13: g. prep. 1271/2022 D. Wanke); 1415: S. albiceraria (14: Mongolia, Selenge aimag, near Ochron, g. prep. 1305/2022 D. Wanke; 15: SW Mongolia, Gobi-Altai aimak, SSW Zhargalan, g. prep. 1301/2022 D. Wanke); 1617: S. immistaria (16: N Iran, Masandaran, Damavand, g. prep. 0830/2020 D. Wanke; 17: Iran, Esfahan, Fereydunshahr, g. prep. 0814/2020 D. Wanke); 1819: S. lactarioides (18: Iran, Baloutchistan, Bender Tchahbahar, g. prep. 11057; 19: Iran, Makran, Chahbar Küste, g. prep. 0879/2020 D. Wanke). a = upperside; b = underside. Scale-bar 1 cm." pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Plate 8</figureCitation>
, Figs 1617;
<figureCitation id="C5BFC0C3FFA0FFE3FE70F8D9FE26D8E6" box="[392,485,1908,1934]" captionStart="PLATE 18" captionStartId="64.[152,238,1872,1896]" captionTargetBox="[161,1431,190,1838]" captionTargetId="figure-20@64.[151,1436,181,1848]" captionTargetPageId="64" captionText="PLATE 18: Figures 16. Male genitalia of Scopula species.1: S. flaccidaria (N-Iran,Masandaran,Schasavar,g.prep.1053/2021 D. Wanke). 2: S. iranaria syn. nov. of S. flaccidaria (Cotype, Iran, Kerdej, g. prep. 2299/2020 H. Rajaei); 3: S. minorata (Spain, Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, g. prep. 1248/2021 D. Wanke); 4: S. adelpharia (S Iran, Hormozgan, Sirki, g. prep. 1309/2022 D. Wanke); 5: S. albiceraria (Mongolia, Selenge aimag, near Ochron, g. prep. 1305/2022 D. Wanke); 6: S. immistaria (N Iran, Masandaran, Damavand, g. prep. 0830/2020 D. Wanke); a = genitalia capsule; b = aedeagus; c = 8th sternite. Scale-bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10147946" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10147946/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Plate 18</figureCitation>
, Fig. 6;
<figureCitation id="C5BFC0C3FFA0FFE3FDB9F8D9FD5DD8E6" box="[577,670,1908,1934]" captionStart="PLATE 26" captionStartId="72.[152,238,1891,1915]" captionTargetBox="[207,1380,160,1871]" captionTargetId="figure-20@72.[197,1390,143,1881]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="PLATE 26: Figures 17. Female genitalia of Scopula species. 1: S. minorata (Spain, Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, g. prep. 1249/2021 D. Wanke); 2: S. adelpharia (Sudan, Ed Damer, Hudeiba, g. prep. 1270/2022 D. Wanke); 3: S. albiceraria (SW- Mongolia, SSW Zhargalan, g. prep. 1301/2022 D. Wanke); 4: S. immistaria (Iran, Tehran, NNW Shemshak, g. prep. 0832/2020 D. Wanke); 5: S. lactarioides (Iran, Makran, Chahbar Küste, g. prep. 0879/2020 D. Wanke); 6: S. diffinaria diffinaria (Iran, Mazandaran, S Shah Kuh-e Pain, g. prep. 0521/2020 D. Wanke). Scale-bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10147964" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10147964/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Plate 26</figureCitation>
, Fig. 4; Map 11)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FFA0FFE3FF6FF815FC64D887" blockId="35.[151,1436,1976,2031]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FFA0FFE3FF6FF815FDA7D8B9" authority="Herrich-Schaffer, 1847" authorityName="Herrich-Schaffer" authorityYear="1847" box="[151,612,1976,2001]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Acidalia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="immistaria">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA0FFE3FF6FF815FEA4D8B8" box="[151,359,1976,2000]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Acidalia immistaria</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="EDECD61BFFA0FFE3FE8AF815FDA7D8B9" box="[370,612,1976,2001]" collectionCode="MNHU" collectorName="Systematische Bearbeitung der Schmetterlinge" country="Azerbaijan" location="Kirowabad" municipality="Elisabethpor" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="syntype">Herrich-Schäffer, 1847</materialsCitation>
</taxonomicName>
:
<collectorName id="F071B990FFA0FFE3FD8BF815FB9FD8B8" box="[627,1116,1976,2000]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Systematische Bearbeitung der Schmetterlinge</collectorName>
von Europa, 6 (55): 68 (non binominal).
<typeStatus id="823F62E4FFA0FFE3FEBBF87AFE63D887" box="[323,416,2007,2031]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="syntype">Syntypes</typeStatus>
(
<collectingCountry id="25939CD6FFA0FFE3FE55F87AFDE3D887" box="[429,544,2007,2031]" name="Azerbaijan" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Azerbaijan</collectingCountry>
,
<location id="585B8A9DFFA0FFE3FDD3F87AFD5FD887" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D52D6D50FFA0FFE4FF6FF8E2FB87DC88:585B8A9DFFA0FFE3FDD3F87AFD5FD887" box="[555,668,2007,2031]" country="Azerbaijan" municipality="Elisabethpor" name="Kirowabad" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Kirowabad</location>
(
<collectingMunicipality id="BD5F463CFFA0FFE3FD50F87AFCE8D887" box="[680,811,2007,2031]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Elisabethpor</collectingMunicipality>
)) (MNHU).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FFA7FFE4FF6FFF3AFC85DFA5" blockId="36.[151,1437,151,236]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FFA7FFE4FF6FFF3AFD3DDFC7" authority="Gelbrecht &amp; Hausmann, 1997" authorityName="Gelbrecht &amp; Hausmann" authorityYear="1997" box="[151,766,151,175]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Scopula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="immistaria" subSpecies="beshkovi">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA7FFE4FF6FFF3AFE7CDFC7" box="[151,447,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Scopula immistaria beshkovi</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="EDECD61BFFA7FFE4FE3FFF3AFD3DDFC7" box="[455,766,151,175]" collectionCode="ZSM" country="Bulgaria" location="Pobitide Kamani" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Varna" typeStatus="holotype">Gelbrecht &amp; Hausmann, 1997</materialsCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Linzer biologische Beiträge, 29 (2): 984.
<typeStatus id="823F62E4FFA7FFE4FB4DFF3AFAD0DFC7" box="[1205,1299,151,175]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
♁ (
<collectingCountry id="25939CD6FFA7FFE4FAC5FF3AFA5ADFC7" box="[1341,1433,151,175]" name="Bulgaria" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Bulgaria</collectingCountry>
:
<location id="585B8A9DFFA7FFE4FF3FFF18FEB1DFA5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D52D6D50FFA0FFE4FF6FF8E2FB87DC88:585B8A9DFFA7FFE4FF3FFF18FEB1DFA5" box="[199,370,181,205]" country="Bulgaria" name="Pobitide Kamani" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" stateProvince="Varna">Pobitide Kamani</location>
near
<collectingRegion id="9F4012A4FFA7FFE4FE52FF18FE24DFA5" box="[426,487,181,205]" country="Bulgaria" name="Varna" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Varna</collectingRegion>
) (ZSM). Valid at subspecific rank.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FFA7FFE4FF6FFF79FD10DF84" blockId="36.[151,1437,151,236]" box="[151,723,212,236]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">For the list of unavailable names, see Hausmann (2004).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FFA7FFE4FF6FFEB7FD5CDE5C" blockId="36.[151,1437,282,993]" box="[151,671,282,311]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA7FFE4FF6FFEB7FE40DE5C" bold="true" box="[151,387,282,308]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Material examined:</emphasis>
165 ♁/
<specimenCount id="4B8217CFFFA7FFE4FE22FEB1FE2EDE5F" box="[474,493,284,311]" count="1" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="female"></specimenCount>
(see appendix).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="159E8FCDFFA7FFE4FF3FFE93FE40DDF4" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FFA7FFE4FF3FFE93FAF2DEC8" blockId="36.[151,1437,282,993]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA7FFE4FF3FFE93FE81DE30" bold="true" box="[199,322,318,344]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Wingspan ♁
<specimenCount id="4B8217CFFFA7FFE4FE2EFEEDFE28DE33" box="[470,491,320,347]" count="1" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="female"></specimenCount>
<quantity id="9A7C71A3FFA7FFE4FE0AFE93FDACDE31" box="[498,623,318,345]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="mm" value="25.0" valueMax="28.0" valueMin="22.0">2228 mm</quantity>
. Ground colour creamy white, with finely drawn transversal lines (
<figureCitation id="C5BFC0C3FFA7FFE4FA9AFE93FF65DE14" captionStart="PLATE 8" captionStartId="52.[152,238,1603,1627]" captionText="PLATE 8: Figures 119. Wing pattern of Scopula species. 12: S. immutata ([Hungary], Bükk̂sd, 1: 1246/2021 D. Wanke, 2: 1247/2021 D. Wanke); 34: S. flaccidaria (3: N-Iran, Masandaran, Schasavar, g. prep. 1053/2021 D. Wanke; 4: N Iran, Bandar Pahlavi, g. prep. 1054/2021 D. Wanke); 56: S. iranaria syn. nov. of S. flaccidaria (Iran, Kerdej, 5: g. prep. 11060, 6: Cotype, g. prep. 2299/2020 H. Rajaei); 79: S. minorata (Spain, Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, 7: g. prep. 1248/2021 D. Wanke, 8: g. prep. 1249/2021 D. Wanke; 9: Yemen, Sana, Makaban, g. prep. 1304/2022 D. Wanke); 1013: S. adelpharia (10: S Iran, Hormozgan, Sirki, g. prep. 1309/2022 D. Wanke; 1113: Sudan, Ed Damer, Hudeiba, 11: g. prep. 1268/2022 D. Wanke, 12: g. prep. 1270/2022 D. Wanke, 13: g. prep. 1271/2022 D. Wanke); 1415: S. albiceraria (14: Mongolia, Selenge aimag, near Ochron, g. prep. 1305/2022 D. Wanke; 15: SW Mongolia, Gobi-Altai aimak, SSW Zhargalan, g. prep. 1301/2022 D. Wanke); 1617: S. immistaria (16: N Iran, Masandaran, Damavand, g. prep. 0830/2020 D. Wanke; 17: Iran, Esfahan, Fereydunshahr, g. prep. 0814/2020 D. Wanke); 1819: S. lactarioides (18: Iran, Baloutchistan, Bender Tchahbahar, g. prep. 11057; 19: Iran, Makran, Chahbar Küste, g. prep. 0879/2020 D. Wanke). a = upperside; b = underside. Scale-bar 1 cm." pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Plate 8</figureCitation>
, Figs 1617). In
<collectingCountry id="25939CD6FFA7FFE4FE9BFECEFE53DE15" box="[355,400,355,381]" name="Iran" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Iran</collectingCountry>
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FFA7FFE4FE6EFECFFDB3DE14" baseAuthorityName="Herrich-Schaffer" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[406,624,354,380]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Scopula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="immistaria">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA7FFE4FE6EFECFFDB3DE14" box="[406,624,354,380]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Scopula immistaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can externally be easily confused with
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FFA7FFE4FBDDFECEFB7CDE14" baseAuthorityName="Herrich-Schaffer" baseAuthorityYear="1847" box="[1061,1215,354,381]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Scopula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albiceraria">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA7FFE4FBDDFECEFBF0DE15" box="[1061,1075,355,381]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA7FFE4FBB9FECFFB7CDE14" box="[1089,1215,354,380]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">albiceraria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, if the latter species is present in
<collectingCountry id="25939CD6FFA7FFE4FEDEFE2AFE90DEC9" box="[294,339,391,417]" name="Iran" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Iran</collectingCountry>
(see Remarks of
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FFA7FFE4FDEEFE2AFD73DEC8" baseAuthorityName="Herrich-Schaffer" baseAuthorityYear="1847" box="[534,688,390,417]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Scopula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albiceraria">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA7FFE4FDEEFE2AFDE7DEC9" box="[534,548,391,417]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA7FFE4FDCAFE2BFD73DEC8" box="[562,688,390,416]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">albiceraria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). A diagnosis is certain based on the genitalia characters.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FFA7FFE4FF3FFE06FC6EDE81" blockId="36.[151,1437,282,993]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
In the male genitalia 8th sternite basally notched, broad, cerata medium sized and thin (basally notched, laterally concave, cerata short, broad in
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FFA7FFE4FE0CFE62FD4DDE80" baseAuthorityName="Herrich-Schaffer" baseAuthorityYear="1847" box="[500,654,462,489]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Scopula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albiceraria">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA7FFE4FE0CFE62FDC1DE81" box="[500,514,463,489]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA7FFE4FDE8FE63FD4DDE80" box="[528,654,462,488]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">albiceraria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (see
<figureCitation id="C5BFC0C3FFA7FFE4FD2BFE63FCF3DE80" box="[723,816,462,488]" captionStart="PLATE 18" captionStartId="64.[152,238,1872,1896]" captionTargetBox="[161,1431,190,1838]" captionTargetId="figure-20@64.[151,1436,181,1848]" captionTargetPageId="64" captionText="PLATE 18: Figures 16. Male genitalia of Scopula species.1: S. flaccidaria (N-Iran,Masandaran,Schasavar,g.prep.1053/2021 D. Wanke). 2: S. iranaria syn. nov. of S. flaccidaria (Cotype, Iran, Kerdej, g. prep. 2299/2020 H. Rajaei); 3: S. minorata (Spain, Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, g. prep. 1248/2021 D. Wanke); 4: S. adelpharia (S Iran, Hormozgan, Sirki, g. prep. 1309/2022 D. Wanke); 5: S. albiceraria (Mongolia, Selenge aimag, near Ochron, g. prep. 1305/2022 D. Wanke); 6: S. immistaria (N Iran, Masandaran, Damavand, g. prep. 0830/2020 D. Wanke); a = genitalia capsule; b = aedeagus; c = 8th sternite. Scale-bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10147946" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10147946/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Plate 18</figureCitation>
, Figs 56).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FFA7FFE4FF3FFE5EFE65DD58" blockId="36.[151,1437,282,993]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
In the female genitalia antrum with very small notched sclerite (with small v-shaped sclerite in
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FFA7FFE4FB01FE5EFA50DD64" baseAuthorityName="Herrich-Schaffer" baseAuthorityYear="1847" box="[1273,1427,498,525]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Scopula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albiceraria">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA7FFE4FB01FE5EFAC4DD65" box="[1273,1287,499,525]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA7FFE4FAEDFE5FFA50DD64" box="[1301,1427,498,524]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">albiceraria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (see
<figureCitation id="C5BFC0C3FFA7FFE4FF33FDBBFEEBDD58" box="[203,296,534,560]" captionStart="PLATE 26" captionStartId="72.[152,238,1891,1915]" captionTargetBox="[207,1380,160,1871]" captionTargetId="figure-20@72.[197,1390,143,1881]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="PLATE 26: Figures 17. Female genitalia of Scopula species. 1: S. minorata (Spain, Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, g. prep. 1249/2021 D. Wanke); 2: S. adelpharia (Sudan, Ed Damer, Hudeiba, g. prep. 1270/2022 D. Wanke); 3: S. albiceraria (SW- Mongolia, SSW Zhargalan, g. prep. 1301/2022 D. Wanke); 4: S. immistaria (Iran, Tehran, NNW Shemshak, g. prep. 0832/2020 D. Wanke); 5: S. lactarioides (Iran, Makran, Chahbar Küste, g. prep. 0879/2020 D. Wanke); 6: S. diffinaria diffinaria (Iran, Mazandaran, S Shah Kuh-e Pain, g. prep. 0521/2020 D. Wanke). Scale-bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10147964" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10147964/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Plate 26</figureCitation>
, Figs 34).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FFA7FFE4FF3FFD97FE40DDF4" blockId="36.[151,1437,282,993]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA7FFE4FF3FFD97FE8ADD3C" bold="true" box="[199,329,570,596]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Phenology.</emphasis>
Bivoltine species, with generations from mid-May to early September, overlapping in July (Hausmann 2004). Univoltine in high altitudes (Hausmann 2004). Investigated specimens in
<collectingCountry id="25939CD6FFA7FFE4FB39FDF2FB2DDD11" box="[1217,1262,607,633]" name="Iran" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Iran</collectingCountry>
were collected from May to August.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="159E8FCDFFA7FFE4FF3FFD0BFE58DC61" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FFA7FFE4FF3FFD0BFB8EDDA8" blockId="36.[151,1437,282,993]" box="[199,1101,678,705]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA7FFE4FF3FFD0BFEE4DDA8" bold="true" box="[199,295,678,704]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Biology.</emphasis>
Possibly monophagous on
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FFA7FFE4FDA3FD0BFD5CDDA8" box="[603,671,678,704]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Silene" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA7FFE4FDA3FD0BFD5CDDA8" box="[603,671,678,704]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Silene</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FFA7FFE4FD56FD0BFCADDDA8" box="[686,878,678,704]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Caryophyllaceae</taxonomicName>
) (Hausmann 2004).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FFA7FFE4FF3FFD67FE58DC61" blockId="36.[151,1437,282,993]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA7FFE4FF3FFD67FEE9DD8C" bold="true" box="[199,298,714,740]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Habitat.</emphasis>
At altitudes from
<quantity id="9A7C71A3FFA7FFE4FE01FD67FD82DD8D" box="[505,577,714,741]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="m" value="700.0">700 m</quantity>
to
<quantity id="9A7C71A3FFA7FFE4FD9EFD67FD78DD8D" box="[614,699,714,741]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="m" value="2800.0">2800 m</quantity>
(Hausmann 2004). Investigated specimens in
<collectingCountry id="25939CD6FFA7FFE4FB3DFD66FB31DD8D" box="[1221,1266,715,741]" name="Iran" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Iran</collectingCountry>
were collected from
<quantity id="9A7C71A3FFA7FFE4FF2DFD43FEDFDC61" box="[213,284,750,777]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="m" value="510.0">510 m</quantity>
to
<quantity id="9A7C71A3FFA7FFE4FEC7FD43FE54DC61" box="[319,407,750,777]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="m" value="3000.0">3000 m</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="159E8FCDFFA7FFE4FF3FFCBFFB87DC88" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FFA7FFE4FF3FFCBFFAE8DCD4" blockId="36.[151,1437,282,993]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA7FFE4FF3FFCBFFEA2DC44" bold="true" box="[199,353,786,812]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Distribution.</emphasis>
In Europe in southern
<collectingCountry id="25939CD6FFA7FFE4FD9CFCBFFD71DC44" box="[612,690,786,812]" name="Russia" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Russia</collectingCountry>
, eastern
<collectingCountry id="25939CD6FFA7FFE4FCECFCBFFCADDC44" box="[788,878,786,812]" name="Ukraine" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Ukraine</collectingCountry>
(Hausmann 2004). Also in
<collectingCountry id="25939CD6FFA7FFE4FB5DFCBFFB35DC44" box="[1189,1270,786,812]" name="Turkey" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Turkey</collectingCountry>
, the Caucasus, Transcaucasus, northern
<collectingCountry id="25939CD6FFA7FFE4FE55FC9AFE19DC39" box="[429,474,823,849]" name="Iraq" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Iraq</collectingCountry>
and Turkmenia (
<bibRefCitation id="3915A1B7FFA7FFE4FD6FFC9BFC8BDC38" author="Viidalepp, J." box="[663,840,822,848]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" refId="ref45709" refString="Viidalepp, J. (1996) Checklist of the Geometridae (Lepidoptera) of the former U. S. S. R. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, 111 pp." type="book" year="1996">Viidalepp 1996</bibRefCitation>
; Hausmann 2004). In
<collectingCountry id="25939CD6FFA7FFE4FBC7FC9AFBAFDC39" box="[1087,1132,823,849]" name="Iran" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Iran</collectingCountry>
distributed in northern and western parts, with isolated populations in south-eastern province
<collectingRegion id="9F4012A4FFA7FFE4FC7FFCF6FC22DC1D" box="[903,993,859,885]" country="Iran" name="Kerman" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Kerman</collectingRegion>
(Map 11) (Hausmann 2004). Reported in the literature also for the provinces
<collectingRegion id="9F4012A4FFA7FFE4FDC6FCD2FDB2DCF1" box="[574,625,895,921]" country="Iran" name="Fars" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fars</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="9F4012A4FFA7FFE4FD83FCD3FD22DCF0" box="[635,737,894,920]" country="Iran" name="Golestan" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Golestan</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="9F4012A4FFA7FFE4FD14FCD2FC8ADCF1" box="[748,841,895,921]" country="Iran" name="Kerman" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Kerman</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="9F4012A4FFA7FFE4FCACFCD3FC1DDCF0" box="[852,990,894,920]" country="Iran" name="Mazandaran" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Mazandaran</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="9F4012A4FFA7FFE4FBEBFCD3FBA3DCF0" box="[1043,1120,894,920]" country="Iran" name="Tehran" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Tehran</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3915A1B7FFA7FFE4FB96FCD3FACBDCF0" author="Lederer, J." box="[1134,1288,894,920]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="3 - 28" refId="ref43285" refString="Lederer, J. (1871) Nachtrag zum Verzeichnisse der von Herrn Jos. Haberhauer bei Astrabad in Persien gesammelten Schmetterlinge. Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae, 8, 3 - 28." type="journal article" year="1871">Lederer 1871</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="3915A1B7FFA7FFE4FAEBFCD2FA4EDCF0" author="Prout, L. B." box="[1299,1421,894,921]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" refId="ref44052" refString="Prout, L. B. (1912 - 1916) Die spannerartigen Nachtfalter. In: Seitz, A. (Ed.), Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde. Vol. 4. A. Kernen verlag, Stuttgart, pp. 1 - 479." type="book" year="1912">Prout 1912</bibRefCitation>
1915;
<bibRefCitation id="3915A1B7FFA7FFE4FF26FC0FFE25DCD4" author="Schwingenschuss, L." box="[222,486,930,956]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="200 - 210" refId="ref44974" refString="Schwingenschuss, L. (1939) Beitrag zur Lepidopterenfauna von Iran (Persien) insbesondere des Elbursgebirges in Nordiran. (Fortsetzung). Entomologische Zeitschrift, 53, 200 - 210." type="journal article" year="1939">Schwingenschuss 1939</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="3915A1B7FFA7FFE4FE09FC0FFD43DCD4" author="Brandt, W." box="[497,640,930,956]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="139 - 142" refId="ref41835" refString="Brandt, W. (1939) Beitrag zur Lepidopteren-Fauna von Iran. Neue Gattungen, Arten und Formen (Macrolepidoptera). Entomologische Rundschau, 56 (14), 139 - 142." type="journal article" year="1939">Brandt 1939</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="3915A1B7FFA7FFE4FD73FC0FFCF9DCD4" author="Viidalepp, J." box="[651,826,930,956]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" refId="ref45709" refString="Viidalepp, J. (1996) Checklist of the Geometridae (Lepidoptera) of the former U. S. S. R. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, 111 pp." type="book" year="1996">Viidalepp 1996</bibRefCitation>
; Hausmann 2004;
<bibRefCitation id="3915A1B7FFA7FFE4FBF3FC0FFAE3DCD4" author="Lehmann, L. &amp; Zahiri, R." box="[1035,1312,930,956]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="135 - 165" refId="ref43377" refString="Lehmann, L. &amp; Zahiri, R. (2011) Results of a lepidopterological expedition to North and Northwest Iran in summer 2007 with new records for Iran (Lepidoptera). Esperiana, 16 135 - 165." type="book chapter" year="2011">Lehmann &amp; Zahiri 2011</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FFA7FFE4FF3FFC6BFB87DC88" blockId="36.[151,1437,282,993]" box="[199,1092,966,993]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA7FFE4FF3FFC6BFE4EDC88" bold="true" box="[199,397,966,992]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">DNA-barcoding.</emphasis>
Nearest species:
<emphasis id="6FF00054FFA7FFE4FDA8FC6AFD9DDC89" box="[592,606,967,993]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">S</emphasis>
. with 4.3 % (see Supplementary Table S1).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>