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<document id="843777D0E849EDEC814D1D583F95B478" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5359.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10147920" ID-ZooBank="11CC5175-7CCE-453F-88EB-3490E82F4972" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1700203423776" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Wanke, Dominic, Hausmann, Axel, Lee, Kyung Min, Murillo-Ramos, Leidys, Sihvonen, Pasi &amp; Rajaei, Hossein" docDate="2023" docId="D52D6D50FF9AFFDAFF6FFBF0FC4DDAFB" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5359.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5359 (1)" docSource="https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5359.1.1/52094" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Scopula turbulentaria" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="27" masterDocId="29141528FF83FFC0FFF8FFADFFC3DF68" masterDocTitle="Systematics and integrative taxonomic revision of the tribe Scopulini Duponchel, 1845 in Iran (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Sterrhinae)" masterLastPageNumber="96" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="26" updateTime="1700204211901" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="A6FBA2990A9E74861F2E582319F4B9CD">Systematics and integrative taxonomic revision of the tribe Scopulini Duponchel, 1845 in Iran (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Sterrhinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="DEC7D1851634FBCFD5CA764DACDD740E">State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart, Entomology, Rosenstein &amp; D- 70191 Stuttgart, Germany. &amp; University of Hohenheim, Systematic Entomology (190 n), Garbenstr. 30, D- 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="0A69B65DFE0BE9E00549AFD688154E93">Hausmann, Axel</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="DD9D7C25B093E3F972CCAC6D046FC9DB">SNSB-ZSM, Bavarian State Collection of Zoology, Münchhausenstr. 21, D- 81247 Munich, Germany.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="BA7240A89B02C1418C72367871E152FB">Lee, Kyung Min</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="B83CA067CEEE9046CDE1B0EBEE884758">Finnish Museum of Natural History, Zoology Unit, University of Helsinki, P. O. Box</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="78CB80DFEE81D09F8E2E93BE3F283F5F">Murillo-Ramos, Leidys</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="EF7022B905DA39AD715DE0456CD8F6DE">Grupo Biologi ́ a Evolutiva, Department of Biology, Universidad de Sucre, Sincelejo, Sucre, Colombia. Corresponding author.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="1B9BF4B1D8FCF37E185710107D7E96F1">Sihvonen, Pasi</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="8883BE291D2C80E92D156588174DF729">Finnish Museum of Natural History, Zoology Unit, University of Helsinki, P. O. Box</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="CD706FED63D77B031453C76B47C224D5">Rajaei, Hossein</mods:namePart>
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<subSubSection id="159E8FCDFF9AFFD9FF6FFBF0FD4DDB1F" box="[151,654,1117,1144]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FF9AFFD9FF6FFBF0FD4DDB1F" blockId="25.[151,830,1117,1180]" box="[151,654,1117,1144]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<heading id="06736B2AFF9AFFD9FF6FFBF0FD4DDB1F" bold="true" box="[151,654,1117,1144]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FF9AFFD9FF6FFBF0FD4DDB1F" ID-CoL="9B764" authority="(Staudinger, 1870)" baseAuthorityName="Staudinger" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[151,654,1117,1144]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Scopula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turbulentaria">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF9AFFD9FF6FFBF0FD4DDB1F" bold="true" box="[151,654,1117,1144]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF9AFFD9FF6FFBF0FE62DB10" bold="true" box="[151,417,1117,1144]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Scopula turbulentaria</emphasis>
(Staudinger, 1870)
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<subSubSection id="159E8FCDFF9AFFD9FF6FFB2CFD10DADC" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="description">
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FF9AFFD9FF6FFB2CFCFDDBF3" blockId="25.[151,830,1117,1180]" box="[151,830,1153,1180]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
(
<figureCitation id="C5BFC0C3FF9AFFD9FF67FB2CFF33DBF3" box="[159,240,1153,1179]" captionStart="PLATE 6" captionStartId="49.[152,238,1707,1731]" captionText="PLATE 6: Figures 116. Wing pattern of Scopula species. 14: S. transcaspica (1: Paratype, [Turkmenistan], Ashkhabad, NHMUK010317468; 2: W-Iran, Kordestan, Strasse Zandjan-Bijar, g. prep. 0811/2020 D. Wanke; 3: S-Iran, Bandar-Abbas, Kuhe Genou, g. prep. 0813/2020 D. Wanke; 4: S-Iran, Miyan Kotal, g. prep. 0809/2020 D. Wanke); 56: S. transcaspica taftanica syn. nov. of S. transcaspica (Baloutchistan, Kouh i Taftan, 5: Holotype, g. prep. 11021, 6: Paratype, g. prep. 11022); 78: S. rubiginata (7: Turkey, Aphrodisias, g. prep. 1291/2022 D. Wanke; 8: Amasia [Turkey], g. prep. 1290/2022 D. Wanke); 914: S. turbulentaria steinbacheri (911: Iran Mazandaran, Shirinabad, 9: g. prep. 0824/2020 D. Wanke, 10: g. prep. 0974/2020 D. Wanke, 11: 0973/2020 D. Wanke; 12: NW Iran, SE Maku, g. prep. 1172/2022 D. Wanke; 13: [Iran], [Tehran], Evin, g. prep. 1173/2022 D. Wanke; 14: N Iran, Tehran, Qolhak, g. prep. 0778/2020 D. Wanke); 1516: S. imitaria ([Croatia], Krk, Fiumebucht, 15: g. prep. 0772/2020 D. Wanke, 16: g. prep. 0773/2020 D. Wanke). a = upperside; b = underside. Scale-bar 1 cm." pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Plate 6</figureCitation>
, Figs 914;
<figureCitation id="C5BFC0C3FF9AFFD9FE82FB2CFE14DBF3" box="[378,471,1153,1179]" captionStart="PLATE 16" captionStartId="62.[152,238,1806,1830]" captionTargetBox="[161,1428,192,1774]" captionTargetId="figure-20@62.[151,1436,181,1782]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="PLATE 16: Figures 15. Male genitalia of Scopula species. 1: S. rubiginata (Iran, Tehran, Qolhak, g. prep. 0778/2022 D. Wanke); 2: S. turbulentaria steinbacheri (Iran, Mazandaran, Shirinabad, 9: g. prep. 0825/2020 D. Wanke); 3: S. imitaria (a, b, c1: Cyprus, Paphos, g. prep. 1274/2022 D. Wanke, c2: [Croatia], Krk, Fiumebucht, g. prep. 0772/2020 D. Wanke); 4: S. beckeraria (a: Iran, Esfahan, Kashan, g. prep. 0820/2020 D. Wanke, b, c: N-Iran, [Tehran], Varamin, g. prep. 0782/2020 D. Wanke); 5: S. hoerhammeri (Paratype, Iran, Fars, [Komehr], g. prep. 11019). a = genitalia capsule; b = aedeagus; c = 8th sternite. Scale-bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10147940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10147940/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Plate 16</figureCitation>
, Fig. 2;
<figureCitation id="C5BFC0C3FF9AFFD9FDCBFB2CFD53DBF3" box="[563,656,1153,1179]" captionStart="PLATE 24" captionStartId="70.[152,234,1904,1928]" captionTargetBox="[196,1391,153,1881]" captionTargetId="figure-20@70.[186,1401,153,1891]" captionTargetPageId="70" captionText="PLATE 24: Figures 16. Female genitalia of Scopula species. 1: S. transcaspica (Iran, Hamadan, S of Arak, g. prep. 0808/2020 D. Wanke); 2: S. rubiginata ([Turkey], Amasia, g. prep. 1290/2022 D. Wanke); 3: S. turbulentaria steinbacheri (Iran Mazandaran, Shirinabad, g. prep. 0974/2021 D. Wanke); 4: S. imitaria ([Croatia], Krk, Fiumebucht, g. prep. 0773/2020 D. Wanke); 5: S. beckeraria (Iran, Varamin, E Teheran, g. prep. 0783/2020 D. Wanke); 6: S. hoerhammeri (Iran, Fars, [Komehr], g. prep. 11020); Scale-bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10147960" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10147960/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Plate 24</figureCitation>
, Fig. 3; Map 7)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FF9AFFD9FF6FFB68FCD1DB94" blockId="25.[151,1437,1221,1460]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FF9AFFD9FF6FFB68FD0ADBB6" authority="Staudinger, 1870" authorityName="Staudinger" authorityYear="1870" box="[151,713,1221,1246]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Acidalia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="turbidaria" variety="turbulentaria">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF9AFFD9FF6FFB68FE98DBB5" box="[151,347,1221,1245]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Acidalia turbidaria</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="EDECD61BFF9AFFD9FE99FB6BFD0ADBB6" box="[353,713,1221,1246]" country="Greece" location="Attika" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" stateProvince="Attiki" typeStatus="syntype">
var.
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF9AFFD9FE75FB68FDD7DBB5" box="[397,532,1221,1245]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">turbulentaria</emphasis>
Staudinger, 1870
</materialsCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae, variis sermonibus in Rossia usitatis editae, 7: 151.
<typeStatus id="823F62E4FF9AFFD9FE53FB49FDCBDB94" box="[427,520,1252,1276]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="syntype">Syntypes</typeStatus>
1 ♁
<specimenCount id="4B8217CFFF9AFFD9FDC3FB49FDA2DB94" box="[571,609,1252,1276]" count="2" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="female">2 ♀</specimenCount>
(
<collectingCountry id="25939CD6FF9AFFD9FD96FB49FD79DB94" box="[622,698,1252,1276]" name="Greece" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Greece</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="9F4012A4FF9AFFD9FD3AFB49FCC5DB94" box="[706,774,1252,1276]" country="Greece" name="Attiki" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Attika</collectingRegion>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FF9AFFD9FF6FFAAEFAE0DA51" blockId="25.[151,1437,1221,1460]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FF9AFFD9FF6FFAAEFD91DA73" authority="Prout, 1935" authorityName="Prout" authorityYear="1935" box="[151,594,1283,1307]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Scopula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="turbidaria" subSpecies="steinbacheri">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF9AFFD9FF6FFAAEFE15DA73" box="[151,470,1283,1307]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Scopula turbidaria steinbacheri</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="EDECD61BFF9AFFD9FE23FAAEFD91DA73" box="[475,594,1283,1307]" collectionCode="NHMUK" collectorName="In &amp; Seitz, A. &amp; Ed. &amp; Die Grossschmetterlinge der Erde &amp; Supplememt" country="Iran" location="Darekeroudbar" municipality="Sabatku" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Alborz" typeStatus="syntype">Prout, 1935</materialsCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<collectorName id="F071B990FF9AFFD9FDA1FAAEFDB1DA72" box="[601,626,1283,1306]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">In</collectorName>
:
<collectorName id="F071B990FF9AFFD9FD81FAAEFD0DDA73" box="[633,718,1283,1307]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Seitz, A.</collectorName>
(
<collectorName id="F071B990FF9AFFD9FD22FAAEFCC3DA73" box="[730,768,1283,1307]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Ed.</collectorName>
),
<collectorName id="F071B990FF9AFFD9FCF7FAAEFB99DA73" box="[783,1114,1283,1307]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Die Grossschmetterlinge der Erde</collectorName>
4 (
<collectorName id="F071B990FF9AFFD9FB8EFAAEFB3EDA73" box="[1142,1277,1283,1307]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Supplememt</collectorName>
): 36.
<typeStatus id="823F62E4FF9AFFD9FAD6FAAEFA46DA73" box="[1326,1413,1283,1307]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="syntype">Syntype</typeStatus>
(s) 15 (
<collectingCountry id="25939CD6FF9AFFD9FF16FA8FFED9DA52" box="[238,282,1314,1338]" name="Iran" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Iran</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="9F4012A4FF9AFFD9FEDDFA8CFEA4DA51" box="[293,359,1313,1337]" country="Iran" name="Alborz" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Elburs</collectingRegion>
Mts.,
<collectingRegion id="9F4012A4FF9AFFD9FE50FA8CFDEBDA51" box="[424,552,1313,1337]" country="Iran" name="Mazandaran" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Mazanderan</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="BD5F463CFF9AFFD9FDC9FA8CFD46DA51" box="[561,645,1313,1337]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Sabatku</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="585B8A9DFF9AFFD9FD68FA8CFCE9DA51" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D52D6D50FF9AFFDAFF6FFBF0FC4DDAFB:585B8A9DFF9AFFD9FD68FA8CFCE9DA51" box="[656,810,1313,1337]" country="Iran" municipality="Sabatku" name="Darekeroudbar" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" stateProvince="Alborz">Darekeroudbar</location>
) (NHMUK, examined). Valid at subspecific rank.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FF9AFFD9FF6FFAEDFCA7DAFE" blockId="25.[151,1437,1221,1460]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
Synonymies (for more details on nomenclature see
<bibRefCitation id="3915A1B7FF9AFFD9FD3CFAEDFC84DA30" author="Scoble, M. J." box="[708,839,1344,1368]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refId="ref45008" refString="Scoble, M. J. (1999) Geometrid Moths of the World: A Catalogue (Lepidoptera, Geometridae). Vols. 1 &amp; 2. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Victoria and Apollo Books, Stenstrup, 1200 pp." type="book" year="1999">Scoble 1999</bibRefCitation>
and Hausmann 2004):
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FF9AFFD9FBB0FAEDFA5EDA30" authority="Warren, 1901" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1901" box="[1096,1437,1344,1368]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Craspedia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="collata">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF9AFFD9FBB0FAEDFAC0DA30" box="[1096,1283,1344,1368]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Craspedia collata</emphasis>
Warren, 1901
</taxonomicName>
(
<collectingCountry id="25939CD6FF9AFFD9FF36FAF2FEEFDA1F" box="[206,300,1375,1399]" name="Lebanon" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Lebanon</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="9F4012A4FF9AFFD9FECDFAF2FEBADA1F" box="[309,377,1375,1399]" country="Lebanon" name="Beyrouth" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Beirut</collectingRegion>
);
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FF9AFFD9FE71FAF2FD22DA1F" authority="Warren, 1901" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1901" box="[393,737,1375,1399]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Craspedia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="habenata">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF9AFFD9FE71FAF2FD95DA1F" box="[393,598,1375,1399]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Craspedia habenata</emphasis>
Warren, 1901
</taxonomicName>
(
<collectingCountry id="25939CD6FF9AFFD9FD11FAF2FC8BDA1F" box="[745,840,1375,1399]" name="Lebanon" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Lebanon</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="9F4012A4FF9AFFD9FCA8FAF2FC57DA1F" box="[848,916,1375,1399]" country="Lebanon" name="Beyrouth" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Beirut</collectingRegion>
);
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FF9AFFD9FC5DFAF2FA5EDA1F" authority="Neuburger, 1904" authorityName="Neuburger" authorityYear="1904" box="[933,1437,1375,1399]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Acidalia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="immutata" variety="syriacata">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF9AFFD9FC5DFAF2FBA3DA1F" box="[933,1120,1375,1399]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Acidalia immutata</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF9AFFD9FB77FACDFB2EDA1F" box="[1167,1261,1376,1399]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">syriacata</emphasis>
Neuburger, 1904
</taxonomicName>
(
<collectingCountry id="25939CD6FF9AFFD9FF36FAD0FEEEDAFD" box="[206,301,1405,1429]" name="Lebanon" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Lebanon</collectingCountry>
);
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FF9AFFD9FEC6FAD0FD3CDAFE" authority="Wehrli, 1934" authorityName="Wehrli" authorityYear="1934" box="[318,767,1405,1430]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Acidalia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="turbidaria" subSpecies="syriturcica">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF9AFFD9FEC6FAD0FDB5DAFD" box="[318,630,1405,1429]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Acidalia turbidaria syriturcica</emphasis>
Wehrli, 1934
</taxonomicName>
(ZFMK).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FF9AFFD9FF6FFA30FD10DADC" blockId="25.[151,1437,1221,1460]" box="[151,723,1436,1460]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">For the list of unavailable names, see Hausmann (2004).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="159E8FCDFF9AFFD9FF6FFA49FC86D9F9" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FF9AFFD9FF6FFA49FD85D905" blockId="25.[151,1437,1508,2013]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF9AFFD9FF6FFA49FE78DA96" bold="true" box="[151,443,1508,1534]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Type material examined.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FF9AFFD9FE47FA49FCE3DA96" authorityName="Prout" authorityYear="1935" box="[447,800,1508,1534]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Scopula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="turbidaria" subSpecies="steinbacheri">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF9AFFD9FE47FA49FCE3DA96" box="[447,800,1508,1534]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Scopula turbidaria steinbacheri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<materialsCitation id="EDECD61BFF9AFFD9FCDDFA49FC90D94C" collectingDate="1931-05-21" collectionCode="NHMUK" collectorName="F. Steinbacher" country="Iran" location="Sabatku" municipality="Darekeroudbar" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" specimenCode="NHMUK 014173562" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Mazandaran" typeStatus="syntype">
<typeStatus id="823F62E4FF9AFFD9FCDDFA49FC42DA96" box="[805,897,1508,1534]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="syntype">Syntype</typeStatus>
1 ♁,
<collectingCountry id="25939CD6FF9AFFD9FC41FA48FC2ADA97" box="[953,1001,1509,1535]" name="Iran" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Iran</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="BD5F463CFF9AFFD9FC0AFA49FB5FDA96" box="[1010,1180,1508,1534]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Darekeroudbar</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="585B8A9DFF9AFFD9FB5DFA49FAC1DA96" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D52D6D50FF9AFFDAFF6FFBF0FC4DDAFB:585B8A9DFF9AFFD9FB5DFA49FAC1DA96" box="[1189,1282,1508,1534]" country="Iran" municipality="Darekeroudbar" name="Sabatku" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" stateProvince="Mazandaran">Sabatku</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="9F4012A4FF9AFFD9FAF3FA49FA5BDA96" box="[1291,1432,1508,1534]" country="Iran" name="Mazandaran" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Mazandaran</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="9F4012A4FF9AFFD9FF6FF9A4FF23D94B" box="[151,224,1545,1571]" country="Iran" name="Alborz" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Elburs</collectingRegion>
Mts.,
<date id="293AFA86FF9AFFD9FED5F9A4FE5ED94B" box="[301,413,1545,1571]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" value="1931-05-21">
<collectingDate id="397E036EFF9AFFD9FED5F9A4FE5ED94B" box="[301,413,1545,1571]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" value="1931-05-21">21.v.1931</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="F071B990FF9AFFD9FE54F9A4FD93D94B" box="[428,592,1545,1571]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">F. Steinbacher</collectorName>
,
<specimenCode id="0D22743DFF9AFFD9FDA6F9A4FC90D94C" box="[606,851,1545,1572]" collectionCode="NHMUK" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="Museum">NHMUK 014173562</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="EDECD61BFF9AFFD9FC99F9A4FEDBD920" collectingDate="1931-05-17" collectionCode="NHMUK" collectorName="F. Steinbacher" country="Iran" location="Sabatku" municipality="Darekeroudbar" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" specimenCode="NHMUK 014173563" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Mazandaran" typeStatus="syntype">
<typeStatus id="823F62E4FF9AFFD9FC99F9A4FC7ED94B" box="[865,957,1545,1571]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="syntype">Syntype</typeStatus>
1 ♁, same data, but
<date id="293AFA86FF9AFFD9FB4CF9A4FAE7D94B" box="[1204,1316,1545,1571]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" value="1931-05-17">
<collectingDate id="397E036EFF9AFFD9FB4CF9A4FAE7D94B" box="[1204,1316,1545,1571]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" value="1931-05-17">17.v.1931</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<specimenCode id="0D22743DFF9AFFD9FACAF9A4FEDBD920" collectionCode="NHMUK" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="Museum">NHMUK 014173563</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="EDECD61BFF9AFFD9FEDBF983FDB2D92F" box="[291,625,1581,1608]" collectionCode="NHMUK" country="Iran" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" specimenCode="NHMUK 010317469" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Mazandaran" typeStatus="syntype">
g. prep.
<specimenCode id="0D22743DFF9AFFD9FE87F983FDB2D92F" box="[383,625,1581,1608]" collectionCode="NHMUK" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="Museum">NHMUK 010317469</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="EDECD61BFF9AFFD9FD84F983FAFED920" box="[636,1341,1581,1610]" collectingDate="1931-07-23" collectionCode="NHMUK" country="Iran" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" specimenCode="NHMUK 014173564" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Mazandaran" typeStatus="syntype">
<typeStatus id="823F62E4FF9AFFD9FD84F983FD1BD920" box="[636,728,1582,1608]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="syntype">Syntype</typeStatus>
1 ♁, same data, but
<date id="293AFA86FF9AFFD9FC46F983FBFCD920" box="[958,1087,1582,1608]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" value="1931-07-23">
<collectingDate id="397E036EFF9AFFD9FC46F983FBFCD920" box="[958,1087,1582,1608]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" value="1931-07-23">23.vii.1931</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<specimenCode id="0D22743DFF9AFFD9FBB3F983FAFED920" box="[1099,1341,1581,1608]" collectionCode="NHMUK" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="Museum">NHMUK 014173564</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="EDECD61BFF9AFFD9FAB0F983FE49D905" collectionCode="NHMUK" country="Iran" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" specimenCode="NHMUK 010317470" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Mazandaran" typeStatus="syntype">
g. prep.
<specimenCode id="0D22743DFF9AFFD9FF6FF9FEFE49D905" box="[151,394,1619,1645]" collectionCode="NHMUK" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="Museum">NHMUK 010317470</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
; all in
<collectionCode id="3B954483FF9AFFD9FE2DF9FEFD80D905" box="[469,579,1619,1645]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FF9AFFD9FF3FF9DAFC86D9F9" blockId="25.[151,1437,1508,2013]" box="[199,837,1655,1684]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF9AFFD9FF3FF9DAFDF5D9F9" bold="true" box="[199,566,1655,1681]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Additional material examined:</emphasis>
28 ♁/
<specimenCount id="4B8217CFFF9AFFD9FD78F9D4FD50D9FC" box="[640,659,1657,1684]" count="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="female"></specimenCount>
(see appendix).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="159E8FCDFF9AFFD9FF3FF931FC6BD8D0" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FF9AFFD9FF3FF931FAB0D821" blockId="25.[151,1437,1508,2013]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF9AFFD9FF3FF931FE81D9DE" bold="true" box="[199,322,1692,1718]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Wingspan ♁
<specimenCount id="4B8217CFFF9AFFD9FE20F930FE2ED9D0" box="[472,493,1693,1720]" count="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="female"></specimenCount>
<quantity id="9A7C71A3FF9AFFD9FE0EF931FDB7D9DF" box="[502,628,1692,1719]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.05" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="20.5" valueMax="23.0" valueMin="18.0">1823 mm</quantity>
. In
<collectingCountry id="25939CD6FF9AFFD9FD59F930FD0DD9DF" box="[673,718,1693,1719]" name="Iran" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Iran</collectingCountry>
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FF9AFFD9FD2FF931FC0CD9DE" baseAuthorityName="Staudinger" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[727,975,1692,1718]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Scopula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turbulentaria">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF9AFFD9FD2FF931FC0CD9DE" box="[727,975,1692,1718]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Scopula turbulentaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can externally be confused only with
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FF9AFFD9FA7FF931FECED9B3" authorityName="Hufnagel" authorityYear="1767" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Scopula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubiginata">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF9AFFD9FA7FF931FA56D9DE" box="[1415,1429,1692,1718]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF9AFFD9FF6FF96CFECED9B3" box="[151,269,1729,1755]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">rubiginata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, therefore characters are compared against this species. Ground colour (
<figureCitation id="C5BFC0C3FF9AFFD9FBD1F96CFBBBD9B3" box="[1065,1144,1729,1755]" captionStart="PLATE 6" captionStartId="49.[152,238,1707,1731]" captionText="PLATE 6: Figures 116. Wing pattern of Scopula species. 14: S. transcaspica (1: Paratype, [Turkmenistan], Ashkhabad, NHMUK010317468; 2: W-Iran, Kordestan, Strasse Zandjan-Bijar, g. prep. 0811/2020 D. Wanke; 3: S-Iran, Bandar-Abbas, Kuhe Genou, g. prep. 0813/2020 D. Wanke; 4: S-Iran, Miyan Kotal, g. prep. 0809/2020 D. Wanke); 56: S. transcaspica taftanica syn. nov. of S. transcaspica (Baloutchistan, Kouh i Taftan, 5: Holotype, g. prep. 11021, 6: Paratype, g. prep. 11022); 78: S. rubiginata (7: Turkey, Aphrodisias, g. prep. 1291/2022 D. Wanke; 8: Amasia [Turkey], g. prep. 1290/2022 D. Wanke); 914: S. turbulentaria steinbacheri (911: Iran Mazandaran, Shirinabad, 9: g. prep. 0824/2020 D. Wanke, 10: g. prep. 0974/2020 D. Wanke, 11: 0973/2020 D. Wanke; 12: NW Iran, SE Maku, g. prep. 1172/2022 D. Wanke; 13: [Iran], [Tehran], Evin, g. prep. 1173/2022 D. Wanke; 14: N Iran, Tehran, Qolhak, g. prep. 0778/2020 D. Wanke); 1516: S. imitaria ([Croatia], Krk, Fiumebucht, 15: g. prep. 0772/2020 D. Wanke, 16: g. prep. 0773/2020 D. Wanke). a = upperside; b = underside. Scale-bar 1 cm." pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Plate 6</figureCitation>
, Figs 914) variable beige or light ocher to darker ocher (variable, from light brown to orange brown in
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FF9AFFD9FC17F94BFB43D868" authorityName="Hufnagel" authorityYear="1767" box="[1007,1152,1766,1792]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Scopula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubiginata">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF9AFFD9FC17F94BFC3ED868" box="[1007,1021,1766,1792]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF9AFFD9FBF2F94BFB43D868" box="[1034,1152,1766,1792]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">rubiginata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (see
<figureCitation id="C5BFC0C3FF9AFFD9FB3CF94BFAD1D997" box="[1220,1298,1765,1792]" captionStart="PLATE 6" captionStartId="49.[152,238,1707,1731]" captionText="PLATE 6: Figures 116. Wing pattern of Scopula species. 14: S. transcaspica (1: Paratype, [Turkmenistan], Ashkhabad, NHMUK010317468; 2: W-Iran, Kordestan, Strasse Zandjan-Bijar, g. prep. 0811/2020 D. Wanke; 3: S-Iran, Bandar-Abbas, Kuhe Genou, g. prep. 0813/2020 D. Wanke; 4: S-Iran, Miyan Kotal, g. prep. 0809/2020 D. Wanke); 56: S. transcaspica taftanica syn. nov. of S. transcaspica (Baloutchistan, Kouh i Taftan, 5: Holotype, g. prep. 11021, 6: Paratype, g. prep. 11022); 78: S. rubiginata (7: Turkey, Aphrodisias, g. prep. 1291/2022 D. Wanke; 8: Amasia [Turkey], g. prep. 1290/2022 D. Wanke); 914: S. turbulentaria steinbacheri (911: Iran Mazandaran, Shirinabad, 9: g. prep. 0824/2020 D. Wanke, 10: g. prep. 0974/2020 D. Wanke, 11: 0973/2020 D. Wanke; 12: NW Iran, SE Maku, g. prep. 1172/2022 D. Wanke; 13: [Iran], [Tehran], Evin, g. prep. 1173/2022 D. Wanke; 14: N Iran, Tehran, Qolhak, g. prep. 0778/2020 D. Wanke); 1516: S. imitaria ([Croatia], Krk, Fiumebucht, 15: g. prep. 0772/2020 D. Wanke, 16: g. prep. 0773/2020 D. Wanke). a = upperside; b = underside. Scale-bar 1 cm." pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Plate 6</figureCitation>
, Figs 714). In the male genitalia this species can be confused with
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FF9AFFD9FD01F8A6FC49D84C" authorityName="Hufnagel" authorityYear="1767" box="[761,906,1802,1829]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Scopula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubiginata">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF9AFFD9FD01F8A6FCC4D84D" box="[761,775,1803,1829]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF9AFFD9FCECF8A7FC49D84C" box="[788,906,1802,1828]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">rubiginata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see
<figureCitation id="C5BFC0C3FF9AFFD9FC3CF8A7FBE3D84C" box="[964,1056,1802,1828]" captionStart="PLATE 16" captionStartId="62.[152,238,1806,1830]" captionTargetBox="[161,1428,192,1774]" captionTargetId="figure-20@62.[151,1436,181,1782]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="PLATE 16: Figures 15. Male genitalia of Scopula species. 1: S. rubiginata (Iran, Tehran, Qolhak, g. prep. 0778/2022 D. Wanke); 2: S. turbulentaria steinbacheri (Iran, Mazandaran, Shirinabad, 9: g. prep. 0825/2020 D. Wanke); 3: S. imitaria (a, b, c1: Cyprus, Paphos, g. prep. 1274/2022 D. Wanke, c2: [Croatia], Krk, Fiumebucht, g. prep. 0772/2020 D. Wanke); 4: S. beckeraria (a: Iran, Esfahan, Kashan, g. prep. 0820/2020 D. Wanke, b, c: N-Iran, [Tehran], Varamin, g. prep. 0782/2020 D. Wanke); 5: S. hoerhammeri (Paratype, Iran, Fars, [Komehr], g. prep. 11019). a = genitalia capsule; b = aedeagus; c = 8th sternite. Scale-bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10147940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10147940/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Plate 16</figureCitation>
, Figs 12). In the female genitalia without triangular sclerite (with triangular sclerite attached to antrum in
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FF9AFFD9FC39F89DFB90D821" authorityName="Hufnagel" authorityYear="1767" box="[961,1107,1839,1866]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Scopula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubiginata">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF9AFFD9FC39F89DFC0CD822" box="[961,975,1840,1866]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF9AFFD9FC25F882FB90D821" box="[989,1107,1839,1865]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">rubiginata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (see
<figureCitation id="C5BFC0C3FF9AFFD9FB60F882FB36D821" box="[1176,1269,1839,1865]" captionStart="PLATE 24" captionStartId="70.[152,234,1904,1928]" captionTargetBox="[196,1391,153,1881]" captionTargetId="figure-20@70.[186,1401,153,1891]" captionTargetPageId="70" captionText="PLATE 24: Figures 16. Female genitalia of Scopula species. 1: S. transcaspica (Iran, Hamadan, S of Arak, g. prep. 0808/2020 D. Wanke); 2: S. rubiginata ([Turkey], Amasia, g. prep. 1290/2022 D. Wanke); 3: S. turbulentaria steinbacheri (Iran Mazandaran, Shirinabad, g. prep. 0974/2021 D. Wanke); 4: S. imitaria ([Croatia], Krk, Fiumebucht, g. prep. 0773/2020 D. Wanke); 5: S. beckeraria (Iran, Varamin, E Teheran, g. prep. 0783/2020 D. Wanke); 6: S. hoerhammeri (Iran, Fars, [Komehr], g. prep. 11020); Scale-bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10147960" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10147960/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Plate 24</figureCitation>
, Figs 23).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FF9AFFD9FF3FF8F9FC6BD8D0" blockId="25.[151,1437,1508,2013]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF9AFFD9FF3FF8F9FE8AD806" bold="true" box="[199,329,1876,1902]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Phenology.</emphasis>
Bi- or trivoltine in Europe (Hausmann 2004). In the Levant, bivoltine, with the first generation from late April to early July and a second generation from late October to later November (
<bibRefCitation id="3915A1B7FF9AFFD9FB6CF8D4FA52D8FB" author="Hausmann, A. &amp; Kravchenko, V. &amp; Muller, G." box="[1172,1425,1913,1939]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="1 - 256" refId="ref42810" refString="Hausmann, A., Kravchenko, V. &amp; Muller, G. (2020) The Lepidoptera of Israel. Vol. 3. Geometridae. Proceedings of the Museum Witt Munich, 9, 1 - 256." type="journal article" year="2020">
Hausmann
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF9AFFD9FAEDF8D7FA8ED8FB" box="[1301,1357,1913,1939]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">et al.</emphasis>
2020
</bibRefCitation>
). Investigated specimens in
<collectingCountry id="25939CD6FF9AFFD9FE47F833FE2FD8D0" box="[447,492,1950,1976]" name="Iran" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Iran</collectingCountry>
were collected from March to October.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="159E8FCDFF9AFFDAFF3FF86FFDC4DE76" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FF9AFFDAFF3FF86FFCFDDFBE" blockId="25.[151,1437,1508,2013]" lastBlockId="26.[151,1437,151,502]" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF9AFFD9FF3FF86FFEE4D8B4" bold="true" box="[199,295,1986,2012]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Biology.</emphasis>
Food plants in
<collectingCountry id="25939CD6FF9AFFD9FE20F86EFDC6D8B5" box="[472,517,1987,2013]" name="Iran" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Iran</collectingCountry>
unknown. In Europe known to be a pest species on tobacco in southern
<collectingCountry id="25939CD6FF9AFFD9FAC1F86FFAAFD8B4" box="[1337,1388,1986,2012]" name="Italy" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Italy</collectingCountry>
and reared on
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FF99FFDAFEF1FF3AFCF2DFD9" authority="(Sannino &amp; Espinosa 1999)" baseAuthorityName="Sannino &amp; Espinosa" baseAuthorityYear="1999" box="[265,817,151,177]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Plantaginaceae" genus="Plantago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lanceolata">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF99FFDAFEF1FF3AFE2EDFD9" box="[265,493,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Plantago lanceolata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3915A1B7FF99FFDAFE05FF3AFCEADFD9" author="Sannino, L. &amp; Espinosa, B." box="[509,809,151,177]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="377 - 395" refId="ref44934" refString="Sannino, L. &amp; Espinosa, B., (1999) Aspetti morfologici ed etologici di Scopula turbidaria (Lepidoptera: Geometridae). Fragmenta entomologica, Roma, 31 (2), 377 - 395." type="journal article" year="1999">Sannino &amp; Espinosa 1999</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Pupation takes place in the ground (Hausmann 2004). In the Levant possibly polyphagous (
<bibRefCitation id="3915A1B7FF99FFDAFDCDFF11FCF1DFBE" author="Hausmann, A. &amp; Kravchenko, V. &amp; Muller, G." box="[565,818,187,214]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="1 - 256" refId="ref42810" refString="Hausmann, A., Kravchenko, V. &amp; Muller, G. (2020) The Lepidoptera of Israel. Vol. 3. Geometridae. Proceedings of the Museum Witt Munich, 9, 1 - 256." type="journal article" year="2020">
Hausmann
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF99FFDAFD4EFF11FD2DDFBD" box="[694,750,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">et al.</emphasis>
2020
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FF99FFDAFF3FFF72FDC4DE76" blockId="26.[151,1437,151,502]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF99FFDAFF3FFF72FEE9DF91" bold="true" box="[199,298,223,249]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Habitat.</emphasis>
In Levant from -
<quantity id="9A7C71A3FF99FFDAFE00FF4DFD86DF92" box="[504,581,224,250]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="m" value="400.0">400 m</quantity>
to
<quantity id="9A7C71A3FF99FFDAFD88FF4DFD0ADF92" box="[624,713,224,250]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3915A1B7FF99FFDAFD24FF4DFC27DF92" author="Hausmann, A. &amp; Kravchenko, V. &amp; Muller, G." box="[732,996,223,250]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="1 - 256" refId="ref42810" refString="Hausmann, A., Kravchenko, V. &amp; Muller, G. (2020) The Lepidoptera of Israel. Vol. 3. Geometridae. Proceedings of the Museum Witt Munich, 9, 1 - 256." type="journal article" year="2020">
Hausmann
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF99FFDAFC98FF4DFC5FDF91" box="[864,924,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">et al.</emphasis>
2020
</bibRefCitation>
). Investigated specimens in
<collectingCountry id="25939CD6FF99FFDAFAD6FF4DFA98DF92" box="[1326,1371,224,250]" name="Iran" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Iran</collectingCountry>
were collected from
<quantity id="9A7C71A3FF99FFDAFEB9FEAEFE4BDE76" box="[321,392,259,286]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="m" value="510.0">510 m</quantity>
to
<quantity id="9A7C71A3FF99FFDAFE53FEA9FDC0DE76" box="[427,515,260,286]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="m" value="2800.0">2800 m</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="159E8FCDFF99FFDAFF3FFE8AFC4DDAFB" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FF99FFDAFF3FFE8AFBABDEBA" blockId="26.[151,1437,151,502]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF99FFDAFF3FFE8AFEA2DE29" bold="true" box="[199,353,295,321]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Distribution.</emphasis>
In Europe with East-Mediterranean distribution (Hausmann 2004). In
<collectingCountry id="25939CD6FF99FFDAFB48FE8AFAC5DE29" box="[1200,1286,295,321]" name="Tunisia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Tunisia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="25939CD6FF99FFDAFAEFFE8AFAA4DE29" box="[1303,1383,295,321]" name="Turkey" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Turkey</collectingCountry>
and southern Transcaucasus and central and northern parts of
<collectingCountry id="25939CD6FF99FFDAFCDDFEE6FCA0DE0D" box="[805,867,331,357]" name="Israel" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Israel</collectingCountry>
(Hausmann 2004;
<bibRefCitation id="3915A1B7FF99FFDAFBC5FEE1FAFFDE0E" author="Hausmann, A. &amp; Kravchenko, V. &amp; Muller, G." box="[1085,1340,331,358]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="1 - 256" refId="ref42810" refString="Hausmann, A., Kravchenko, V. &amp; Muller, G. (2020) The Lepidoptera of Israel. Vol. 3. Geometridae. Proceedings of the Museum Witt Munich, 9, 1 - 256." type="journal article" year="2020">
Hausmann
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF99FFDAFB45FEE1FB34DE0D" box="[1213,1271,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">et al.</emphasis>
2020
</bibRefCitation>
). In
<collectingCountry id="25939CD6FF99FFDAFA97FEE1FA5FDE0E" box="[1391,1436,332,358]" name="Iran" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Iran</collectingCountry>
this species is represented by the subspecies
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FF99FFDAFD6AFEDDFC14DEE1" box="[658,983,367,394]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Scopula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="turbulentaria" subSpecies="steinbacheri">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF99FFDAFD6AFEDDFC14DEE1" box="[658,983,367,394]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">S. turbulentaria steinbacheri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
distributed in the northern, western and southern parts (Map 7). Reported in the literature also for the provinces Azerbaijan-e Sharghi,
<collectingRegion id="9F4012A4FF99FFDAFB18FE3EFAA9DEC5" box="[1248,1386,403,429]" country="Iran" name="Mazandaran" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Mazandaran</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="9F4012A4FF99FFDAFF6FFE1AFF27DEB9" box="[151,228,439,465]" country="Iran" name="Tehran" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Tehran</collectingRegion>
(Prout &amp; Wehrli 19321953;
<bibRefCitation id="3915A1B7FF99FFDAFDCCFE1AFCFFDEBA" author="Schwingenschuss, L." box="[564,828,439,466]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="200 - 210" refId="ref44974" refString="Schwingenschuss, L. (1939) Beitrag zur Lepidopterenfauna von Iran (Persien) insbesondere des Elbursgebirges in Nordiran. (Fortsetzung). Entomologische Zeitschrift, 53, 200 - 210." type="journal article" year="1939">Schwingenschuss 1939</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="3915A1B7FF99FFDAFCBFFE1AFB9FDEBA" author="Lehmann, L. &amp; Zahiri, R." box="[839,1116,439,466]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="135 - 165" refId="ref43377" refString="Lehmann, L. &amp; Zahiri, R. (2011) Results of a lepidopterological expedition to North and Northwest Iran in summer 2007 with new records for Iran (Lepidoptera). Esperiana, 16 135 - 165." type="book chapter" year="2011">Lehmann &amp; Zahiri 2011</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FF99FFDAFF3FFE76FB3DDE9E" blockId="26.[151,1437,151,502]" box="[199,1278,475,502]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF99FFDAFF3FFE76FE4EDE9D" bold="true" box="[199,397,475,501]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">DNA-barcoding.</emphasis>
Nearest species:
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FF99FFDAFDA8FE71FCDCDE9D" baseAuthorityName="Erschoff" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[592,799,475,502]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Scopula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="halimodendrata">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF99FFDAFDA8FE71FD9DDE9E" box="[592,606,476,502]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF99FFDAFD94FE76FCDCDE9D" box="[620,799,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">halimodendrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with 5.2 % (see Supplementary Table S1).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FF99FFDAFF60FAD6FC4DDAFB" blockId="26.[152,910,1403,1428]" box="[152,910,1403,1428]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF99FFDAFF60FAD6FF28DAFC" bold="true" box="[152,235,1403,1428]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">MAP 7.</emphasis>
Distribution pattern of
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FF99FFDAFE23FAD1FCFEDAFC" box="[475,829,1404,1428]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Scopula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="turbulentaria" subSpecies="steinbacheri">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF99FFDAFE23FAD1FCFEDAFC" box="[475,829,1404,1428]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Scopula turbulentaria steinbacheri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingCountry id="25939CD6FF99FFDAFCA6FAD1FC49DAFB" box="[862,906,1404,1427]" name="Iran" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Iran</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>