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<document id="7B6137EC3F7616E6056746115A526485" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5359.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10147920" ID-ZooBank="11CC5175-7CCE-453F-88EB-3490E82F4972" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1700203423776" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Wanke, Dominic, Hausmann, Axel, Lee, Kyung Min, Murillo-Ramos, Leidys, Sihvonen, Pasi &amp; Rajaei, Hossein" docDate="2023" docId="D52D6D50FF93FFD1FF6FFB34FB7BDD54" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5359.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5359 (1)" docSource="https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5359.1.1/52094" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Scopula tessellaria" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="18" masterDocId="29141528FF83FFC0FFF8FFADFFC3DF68" masterDocTitle="Systematics and integrative taxonomic revision of the tribe Scopulini Duponchel, 1845 in Iran (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Sterrhinae)" masterLastPageNumber="96" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="17" updateTime="1700204211901" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="DEB529D9BBAC747F712AAADA6B4D1F01">Systematics and integrative taxonomic revision of the tribe Scopulini Duponchel, 1845 in Iran (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Sterrhinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="94F0D75C1BEF871F1D691575DE0853E3">Wanke, Dominic</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="B386F66EA488478EE051DB06C06164D3">State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart, Entomology, Rosenstein &amp; D- 70191 Stuttgart, Germany. &amp; University of Hohenheim, Systematic Entomology (190 n), Garbenstr. 30, D- 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="17A68C079C57FAB4E2A8D3AD99FF1A2F">Hausmann, Axel</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="888749B8E155A261229871C8F40D214C">SNSB-ZSM, Bavarian State Collection of Zoology, Münchhausenstr. 21, D- 81247 Munich, Germany.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="BA6AC21ADE7FFD8BE83011DC43E67A38">Lee, Kyung Min</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="3C1C55BE6B6ADAB519734FB0D1924003">Finnish Museum of Natural History, Zoology Unit, University of Helsinki, P. O. Box</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="2388482B3271BA1027A54469CC36C715">Murillo-Ramos, Leidys</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="65C03237FC500FF9F2729E1AFB71B4F0">Grupo Biologi ́ a Evolutiva, Department of Biology, Universidad de Sucre, Sincelejo, Sucre, Colombia. Corresponding author.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="23217E2047C59862A5607285A5A86CE3">Sihvonen, Pasi</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="C83EE6D35825889C1AA1A4C334561A28">Finnish Museum of Natural History, Zoology Unit, University of Helsinki, P. O. Box</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="224A0459BE74BFA18B15FC014616868D">Rajaei, Hossein</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="A1357811A3E152548DBE3271EDD95C80">State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart, Entomology, Rosenstein &amp; D- 70191 Stuttgart, Germany.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="7A28B47BFF8F99A78DA383D8E1CFD058">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="423EA8F91F9B4F2B71D0FF8C5782D62F">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="C026B268E617FC75BABD53572697972F" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5359.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="D52D6D50FF93FFD1FF6FFB34FB7BDD54" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D52D6D50FF93FFD1FF6FFB34FB7BDD54" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D52D6D50FF93FFD1FF6FFB34FB7BDD54" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<subSubSection id="159E8FCDFF93FFD0FF6FFB34FD99DBDB" box="[151,602,1177,1204]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FF93FFD0FF6FFB34FD99DBDB" blockId="16.[151,842,1177,1240]" box="[151,602,1177,1204]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<heading id="06736B2AFF93FFD0FF6FFB34FD99DBDB" bold="true" box="[151,602,1177,1204]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FF93FFD0FF6FFB34FD99DBDB" ID-CoL="6XYXH" authority="(Boisduval, 1840)" baseAuthorityName="Boisduval" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[151,602,1177,1204]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Scopula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tessellaria">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF93FFD0FF6FFB34FD99DBDB" bold="true" box="[151,602,1177,1204]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF93FFD0FF6FFB34FEB9DBDC" bold="true" box="[151,378,1177,1204]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Scopula tessellaria</emphasis>
(Boisduval, 1840)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="159E8FCDFF93FFD0FF6FFB13FD10DABA" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="description">
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FF93FFD0FF6FFB13FC89DBB0" blockId="16.[151,842,1177,1240]" box="[151,842,1214,1240]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
(
<figureCitation id="C5BFC0C3FF93FFD0FF67FB13FF33DBB0" box="[159,240,1214,1240]" captionStart="PLATE 4" captionStartId="46.[152,238,1747,1771]" captionText="PLATE 4: Figures 111. Wing pattern of Scopula species. 14: S. ansulata (12: Syntypes, [Iran], [Golestan], Hadschyabad; 3: Iran, Ostan-e Khorasan, Dolmeh Olia, g. prep. 0695/2020 D. Wanke; 4: Iran, Ostan-e Khorasan, Kuh-e Mirza-e Arab, g. prep. 0697/2020 D. Wanke); 56: S. adulteraria bona sp. (Iran, Ostan-e Khorasan, Izmansufla, 5: g. prep. 0699/2020 D. Wanke, 6: g. prep. 1255/2022 D. Wanke); 79: S. immorata (7: [Iran], Tacht i Suleiman, g. prep. 1225/2021 D. Wanke; 8: Mongolia, Modoto Chentej Mts, g. prep. 1232/2021 D. Wanke; 9: Türkei, Erzurum, Askale, g. prep. 1226/2021 D. Wanke); 1011: S. tessellaria (10: Kazakhstan, NE Kirova, g. prep. 1241/2021 D. Wanke; 11: Kazakhstan, S Kirgyzsay, g. prep. 1242/2021 D. Wanke). a = upperside; b = underside. Scale-bar 1 cm." pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Plate 4</figureCitation>
, Figs 1011;
<figureCitation id="C5BFC0C3FF93FFD0FE7EFB13FE20DBB0" box="[390,483,1214,1240]" captionStart="PLATE 13" captionStartId="59.[152,238,1906,1930]" captionTargetBox="[202,1385,161,1880]" captionTargetId="figure-20@59.[192,1395,151,1890]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="PLATE 13: Figures 13. Male genitalia of Scopula species. 1: S. tessellaria ([Iran], Tacht i Suleiman, g. prep. 1260/2022 D. Wanke); 2: S. nigropunctata (Turkey, Giresun, 1: g. prep. 1236/2021 D. Wanke); 3: S. caesaria (a, b: South Africa, Gauteng, Ezemvelo, g. prep. 1224/2021 D. Wanke; c: Oman, Dhofar, Wadi Shaath, g. prep. NHMUK 010317472). a = genitalia capsule; b = aedeagus; c = 8th sternite. Scale-bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10147934" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10147934/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Plate 13</figureCitation>
, Fig. 1;
<figureCitation id="C5BFC0C3FF93FFD0FDB8FB13FD5DDBB0" box="[576,670,1214,1240]" captionStart="PLATE 22" captionStartId="68.[152,238,1820,1844]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,192,1791]" captionTargetId="figure-20@68.[151,1436,181,1801]" captionTargetPageId="68" captionText="PLATE 22: Figures 17. Female genitalia of Scopula species. 1: S. ansulata (Iran, Ostan-e Khorasan, Haji Abad, g. prep. 0697/2020 D. Wanke); 2: S. adulteraria bona sp. (Iran, Ostan-e Khorasan, Izmansufla, g. prep. 1255/2022 D. Wanke); 3: S. immorata (Turkey, Erzurum, N-Askole, g. prep. 1226/2022 D. Wanke); 4: S. tessellaria (Kazakhstan, S Kirgyzsay, g. prep. 1242/2021 D. Wanke); 5: S. nigropunctata (Turkey, Giresun, 1: g. prep. 1235/2021 D. Wanke); 67: S. caesaria (6: Paratype, Ceylon, Slide NHMUK 012821272; 7: South Yemen, Lahej Governorate, Al Dhala, g. prep. 1287/2022 D. Wanke). Scale-bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10147956" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10147956/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Plate 22</figureCitation>
, Fig. 4; Map 3)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FF93FFD0FF6FFAAEFEE5DA51" blockId="16.[151,1437,1282,1490]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FF93FFD0FF6FFAAEFDC0DA72" authority="Boisduval, 1840" authorityName="Boisduval" authorityYear="1840" box="[151,515,1282,1306]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Strenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tessellaria">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF93FFD0FF6FFAAEFE92DA72" box="[151,337,1282,1306]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Strenia tessellaria</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="EDECD61BFF93FFD0FEA0FAAFFDC0DA72" box="[344,515,1282,1306]" collectionCode="ZFMK" country="Italy" location="Genera" municipality="Europaeorum" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="syntype">Boisduval, 1840</materialsCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<location id="585B8A9DFF93FFD0FDF6FAAFFD94DA72" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D52D6D50FF93FFD1FF6FFB34FB7BDD54:585B8A9DFF93FFD0FDF6FAAFFD94DA72" box="[526,599,1282,1306]" country="Italy" municipality="Europaeorum" name="Genera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Genera</location>
et index methodicus
<collectingMunicipality id="BD5F463CFF93FFD0FCCCFAAEFC7BDA72" box="[820,952,1283,1306]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Europaeorum</collectingMunicipality>
lepidopterum: 228 (northern
<collectingCountry id="25939CD6FF93FFD0FB12FAAFFADEDA72" box="[1258,1309,1282,1306]" name="Italy" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Italy</collectingCountry>
).
<typeStatus id="823F62E4FF93FFD0FAD6FAAFFA46DA72" box="[1326,1413,1282,1306]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="syntype">Syntype</typeStatus>
(s) (ZFMK).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FF93FFD0FF6FFA92FE19DADB" blockId="16.[151,1437,1282,1490]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Synonymies (for more details on nomenclature see
<bibRefCitation id="3915A1B7FF93FFD0FD43FA92FCFEDA30" author="Scoble, M. J." box="[699,829,1343,1368]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refId="ref45008" refString="Scoble, M. J. (1999) Geometrid Moths of the World: A Catalogue (Lepidoptera, Geometridae). Vols. 1 &amp; 2. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Victoria and Apollo Books, Stenstrup, 1200 pp." type="book" year="1999">Scoble 1999</bibRefCitation>
and Hausmann 2004):
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FF93FFD0FBC0FA92FA5EDA3F" authority="Fourcroy, 1785" authorityName="Fourcroy" authorityYear="1785" box="[1080,1437,1343,1368]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Phalaena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pellicea">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF93FFD0FBC0FA92FB37DA3F" box="[1080,1268,1343,1367]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Phalaena pellicea</emphasis>
Fourcroy, 1785
</taxonomicName>
(
<collectingCountry id="25939CD6FF93FFD0FF36FAF3FEDBDA1E" box="[206,280,1374,1398]" name="France" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">France</collectingCountry>
: Paris);
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FF93FFD0FE81FAF2FC64DA1E" authority="Selys-Longchamps, 1844" authorityName="Selys-Longchamps" authorityYear="1844" box="[377,935,1374,1398]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eupisteria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="puluerulentaria">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF93FFD0FE81FAF2FD4CDA1E" box="[377,655,1374,1398]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Eupisteria puluerulentaria</emphasis>
Sélys-Longchamps, 1844
</taxonomicName>
(southern
<collectingCountry id="25939CD6FF93FFD0FBD9FAF3FB90DA1E" box="[1057,1107,1374,1398]" name="Italy" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Italy</collectingCountry>
: Caserta);
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FF93FFD0FB36FAF3FE87DAFD" authority="Turati, 1905" authorityName="Turati" authorityYear="1905" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Acidalia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tabianaria">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF93FFD0FB36FAF3FA5FDA1E" box="[1230,1436,1374,1398]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Acidalia tabianaria</emphasis>
Turati, 1905
</taxonomicName>
(
<collectingCountry id="25939CD6FF93FFD0FEAAFAD0FE40DAFD" box="[338,387,1405,1429]" name="Italy" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Italy</collectingCountry>
, Parma Prov.: Tabiano; Salso Maggiore);
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FF93FFD0FCD4FAD0FAD2DAFD" authority="Sheljuzhko, 1955" authorityName="Sheljuzhko" authorityYear="1955" box="[812,1297,1405,1429]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Scopula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="tessellaria" subSpecies="proutiana">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF93FFD0FCD4FAD0FB9BDAFD" box="[812,1112,1405,1429]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Scopula tessellaria proutiana</emphasis>
Sheljuzhko, 1955
</taxonomicName>
(Kirghizstan, Semiretshje: river Maloje).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FF93FFD0FF6FFA16FD10DABA" blockId="16.[151,1437,1282,1490]" box="[151,723,1466,1490]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">For the list of unavailable names, see Hausmann (2004).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="159E8FCDFF93FFD0FF6FF9ADFD40D972" box="[151,643,1536,1565]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FF93FFD0FF6FF9ADFD40D972" blockId="16.[151,1436,1536,1995]" box="[151,643,1536,1565]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF93FFD0FF6FF9ADFE40D972" bold="true" box="[151,387,1536,1562]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Material examined:</emphasis>
6 ♁/
<specimenCount id="4B8217CFFF93FFD0FE46F9AFFE12D975" box="[446,465,1538,1565]" count="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="female"></specimenCount>
(see appendix).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="159E8FCDFF93FFD0FF3FF989FE51D8A2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FF93FFD0FF3FF989FC69D87F" blockId="16.[151,1436,1536,1995]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF93FFD0FF3FF989FE81D956" bold="true" box="[199,322,1572,1598]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Wingspan ♁
<specimenCount id="4B8217CFFF93FFD0FE23F98BFE33D929" box="[475,496,1574,1601]" count="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="female"></specimenCount>
<quantity id="9A7C71A3FF93FFD0FE03F988FDB8D957" box="[507,635,1573,1599]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="25.0" valueMax="28.0" valueMin="22.0">2228 mm</quantity>
. In
<collectingCountry id="25939CD6FF93FFD0FD53F988FD18D957" box="[683,731,1573,1599]" name="Iran" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Iran</collectingCountry>
,
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FF93FFD0FD12F989FC00D956" baseAuthorityName="Boisduval" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[746,963,1572,1598]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Scopula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tessellaria">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF93FFD0FD12F989FC00D956" box="[746,963,1572,1598]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Scopula tessellaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can externally be confused only with
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FF93FFD0FA7FF988FEC7D90A" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Scopula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="immorata">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF93FFD0FA7FF988FEC7D90A" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">S. immorata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, therefore its characters are compared against this species. Wings chequered, ground colour (
<figureCitation id="C5BFC0C3FF93FFD0FAE8F9E5FAA2D90B" box="[1296,1377,1608,1635]" captionStart="PLATE 4" captionStartId="46.[152,238,1747,1771]" captionText="PLATE 4: Figures 111. Wing pattern of Scopula species. 14: S. ansulata (12: Syntypes, [Iran], [Golestan], Hadschyabad; 3: Iran, Ostan-e Khorasan, Dolmeh Olia, g. prep. 0695/2020 D. Wanke; 4: Iran, Ostan-e Khorasan, Kuh-e Mirza-e Arab, g. prep. 0697/2020 D. Wanke); 56: S. adulteraria bona sp. (Iran, Ostan-e Khorasan, Izmansufla, 5: g. prep. 0699/2020 D. Wanke, 6: g. prep. 1255/2022 D. Wanke); 79: S. immorata (7: [Iran], Tacht i Suleiman, g. prep. 1225/2021 D. Wanke; 8: Mongolia, Modoto Chentej Mts, g. prep. 1232/2021 D. Wanke; 9: Türkei, Erzurum, Askale, g. prep. 1226/2021 D. Wanke); 1011: S. tessellaria (10: Kazakhstan, NE Kirova, g. prep. 1241/2021 D. Wanke; 11: Kazakhstan, S Kirgyzsay, g. prep. 1242/2021 D. Wanke). a = upperside; b = underside. Scale-bar 1 cm." pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Plate 4</figureCitation>
, Figs 1011) white to grey, with dark brown transverse lines; lines diffuse and wavy; bright ground-coloured areas sharply defined (similar but transverse lines brighter, bright ground-coloured areas blurred in
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FF93FFD0FB89F93CFB3FD9C2" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1137,1276,1681,1707]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Scopula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="immorata">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF93FFD0FB89F93CFBBCD9C3" box="[1137,1151,1681,1707]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF93FFD0FB77F93CFB3FD9C2" box="[1167,1276,1681,1706]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">immorata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (see
<figureCitation id="C5BFC0C3FF93FFD0FABEF93DFA54D9C3" box="[1350,1431,1680,1707]" captionStart="PLATE 4" captionStartId="46.[152,238,1747,1771]" captionText="PLATE 4: Figures 111. Wing pattern of Scopula species. 14: S. ansulata (12: Syntypes, [Iran], [Golestan], Hadschyabad; 3: Iran, Ostan-e Khorasan, Dolmeh Olia, g. prep. 0695/2020 D. Wanke; 4: Iran, Ostan-e Khorasan, Kuh-e Mirza-e Arab, g. prep. 0697/2020 D. Wanke); 56: S. adulteraria bona sp. (Iran, Ostan-e Khorasan, Izmansufla, 5: g. prep. 0699/2020 D. Wanke, 6: g. prep. 1255/2022 D. Wanke); 79: S. immorata (7: [Iran], Tacht i Suleiman, g. prep. 1225/2021 D. Wanke; 8: Mongolia, Modoto Chentej Mts, g. prep. 1232/2021 D. Wanke; 9: Türkei, Erzurum, Askale, g. prep. 1226/2021 D. Wanke); 1011: S. tessellaria (10: Kazakhstan, NE Kirova, g. prep. 1241/2021 D. Wanke; 11: Kazakhstan, S Kirgyzsay, g. prep. 1242/2021 D. Wanke). a = upperside; b = underside. Scale-bar 1 cm." pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Plate 4</figureCitation>
, Figs 711). In the male genitalia aedeagus broad and short, tip with one lateral spine, vesica with terminal cornutus (similar but aedeagus tip with lateral spines in
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FF93FFD0FD5CF974FCEDD99A" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[676,814,1753,1779]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Scopula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="immorata">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF93FFD0FD5CF974FD71D99B" box="[676,690,1753,1779]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF93FFD0FD39F974FCEDD99A" box="[705,814,1753,1778]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">immorata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). 8th sternite with both cerata short (with short left and long right ceras in
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FF93FFD0FE91F950FE31D87E" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[361,498,1789,1815]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Scopula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="immorata">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF93FFD0FE91F950FEB4D87F" box="[361,375,1789,1815]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF93FFD0FE7DF950FE31D87E" box="[389,498,1789,1814]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">immorata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (see
<figureCitation id="C5BFC0C3FF93FFD0FDCEF951FD50D87F" box="[566,659,1788,1815]" captionStart="PLATE 12" captionStartId="58.[152,238,1905,1929]" captionTargetBox="[196,1391,161,1879]" captionTargetId="figure-20@58.[186,1401,151,1889]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="PLATE 12: Figures 13. Male genitalia of Scopula species. 1: S. ansulata (Iran, Ostan-e Khorasan, Dolmeh Olia, g. prep. 0696/2020 D. Wanke); 2: S. adulteraria bona sp. (Iran, Ostan-e Khorasan, Izmansufla, a, c: g. prep. 0699/2020 D. Wanke, b: g. prep. 0700/2020 D. Wanke); 3: S. immorata ([Iran], Särdab Tal-Vandarban, g. prep. 1286/2022 D. Wanke). a = genitalia capsule; b = aedeagus; c = 8th sternite. Scale-bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10147932" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10147932/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Plate 12</figureCitation>
, Fig. 3;
<figureCitation id="C5BFC0C3FF93FFD0FD08F951FC8ED87F" box="[752,845,1788,1815]" captionStart="PLATE 13" captionStartId="59.[152,238,1906,1930]" captionTargetBox="[202,1385,161,1880]" captionTargetId="figure-20@59.[192,1395,151,1890]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="PLATE 13: Figures 13. Male genitalia of Scopula species. 1: S. tessellaria ([Iran], Tacht i Suleiman, g. prep. 1260/2022 D. Wanke); 2: S. nigropunctata (Turkey, Giresun, 1: g. prep. 1236/2021 D. Wanke); 3: S. caesaria (a, b: South Africa, Gauteng, Ezemvelo, g. prep. 1224/2021 D. Wanke; c: Oman, Dhofar, Wadi Shaath, g. prep. NHMUK 010317472). a = genitalia capsule; b = aedeagus; c = 8th sternite. Scale-bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10147934" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10147934/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Plate 13</figureCitation>
, Fig. 1).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FF93FFD0FF3FF88CFC7AD8EB" blockId="16.[151,1436,1536,1995]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
In the female genitalia lamella antevaginalis small (big, rounded in
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FF93FFD0FC19F88CFBADD852" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[993,1134,1825,1851]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Scopula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="immorata">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF93FFD0FC19F88CFC2CD853" box="[993,1007,1825,1851]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF93FFD0FBF9F88CFBADD852" box="[1025,1134,1825,1850]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">immorata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Ductus bursae long and slender (broad in
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FF93FFD0FEA5F8E8FE25D836" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[349,486,1861,1887]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Scopula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="immorata">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF93FFD0FEA5F8E8FEA8D837" box="[349,363,1861,1887]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF93FFD0FE81F8E8FE25D836" box="[377,486,1861,1886]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">immorata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Signum small, five times as long as wide, with lateral spines (small, three times as long as wide, with lateral spines in
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FF93FFD0FDDAF8C4FD68D8EA" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[546,683,1897,1923]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Scopula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="immorata">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF93FFD0FDDAF8C4FDF3D8EB" box="[546,560,1897,1923]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF93FFD0FDC6F8C4FD68D8EA" box="[574,683,1897,1922]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">immorata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (see
<figureCitation id="C5BFC0C3FF93FFD0FD08F8C5FC8DD8EB" box="[752,846,1896,1923]" captionStart="PLATE 22" captionStartId="68.[152,238,1820,1844]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,192,1791]" captionTargetId="figure-20@68.[151,1436,181,1801]" captionTargetPageId="68" captionText="PLATE 22: Figures 17. Female genitalia of Scopula species. 1: S. ansulata (Iran, Ostan-e Khorasan, Haji Abad, g. prep. 0697/2020 D. Wanke); 2: S. adulteraria bona sp. (Iran, Ostan-e Khorasan, Izmansufla, g. prep. 1255/2022 D. Wanke); 3: S. immorata (Turkey, Erzurum, N-Askole, g. prep. 1226/2022 D. Wanke); 4: S. tessellaria (Kazakhstan, S Kirgyzsay, g. prep. 1242/2021 D. Wanke); 5: S. nigropunctata (Turkey, Giresun, 1: g. prep. 1235/2021 D. Wanke); 67: S. caesaria (6: Paratype, Ceylon, Slide NHMUK 012821272; 7: South Yemen, Lahej Governorate, Al Dhala, g. prep. 1287/2022 D. Wanke). Scale-bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10147956" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10147956/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Plate 22</figureCitation>
, fig 34).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FF93FFD0FF3FF820FE51D8A2" blockId="16.[151,1436,1536,1995]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF93FFD0FF3FF820FE8AD8CF" bold="true" box="[199,329,1933,1959]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Phenology.</emphasis>
Univoltine species, from late May to early July (Hausmann 2004). Investigated specimens in
<collectingCountry id="25939CD6FF93FFD0FA97F820FA5FD8CF" box="[1391,1436,1933,1959]" name="Iran" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Iran</collectingCountry>
were collected in July.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="159E8FCDFF92FFD1FF3FFF3BFD4BDE75" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FF92FFD1FF3FFF3BFEABDFBC" blockId="17.[151,1437,150,573]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF92FFD1FF3FFF3BFEE4DFD8" bold="true" box="[199,295,150,176]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Biology.</emphasis>
Larva on plant species of different families, e.g.,
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FF92FFD1FCA9FF3BFC0CDFD8" box="[849,975,150,176]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FF92FFD1FC22FF3BFB89DFD8" box="[986,1098,150,176]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Ericaceae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FF92FFD1FBACFF3BFB7FDFD8" box="[1108,1212,150,176]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FF92FFD1FB0BFF3BFEA7DFBC" authority="(Hausmann 2004)" baseAuthorityName="Hausmann" baseAuthorityYear="2004" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ranunculaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Ranunculaceae (Hausmann 2004)</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FF92FFD1FF3FFF73FD4BDE75" blockId="17.[151,1437,150,573]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF92FFD1FF3FFF73FEE9DF90" bold="true" box="[199,298,222,248]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Habitat.</emphasis>
From 0 m to
<quantity id="9A7C71A3FF92FFD1FE40FF73FDC8DF91" box="[440,523,222,249]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="m" value="1800.0">1800 m</quantity>
in Europe and to
<quantity id="9A7C71A3FF92FFD1FD3FFF73FCD9DF91" box="[711,794,222,249]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="m" value="3000.0">3000 m</quantity>
in Central Asia (Hausmann 2004). Investigated specimens in
<collectingCountry id="25939CD6FF92FFD1FF4CFEAEFF22DE75" box="[180,225,259,285]" name="Iran" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Iran</collectingCountry>
were collected from
<quantity id="9A7C71A3FF92FFD1FE37FEAFFDCBDE75" box="[463,520,258,285]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="m" value="19.0">19 m</quantity>
to
<quantity id="9A7C71A3FF92FFD1FDD4FEAFFD47DE75" box="[556,644,258,285]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="m" value="2200.0">2200 m</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="159E8FCDFF92FFD1FF3FFE8BFE49DEC4" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FF92FFD1FF3FFE8BFE49DEC4" blockId="17.[151,1437,150,573]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF92FFD1FF3FFE8BFEA2DE28" bold="true" box="[199,353,294,320]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Distribution.</emphasis>
Distributed from
<collectingCountry id="25939CD6FF92FFD1FDCBFE8BFDB0DE28" box="[563,627,294,320]" name="Spain" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Spain</collectingCountry>
to the Urals, but rare and with local distribution in western, southern and eastern Europe (Hausmann 2004). Also distributed in
<collectingCountry id="25939CD6FF92FFD1FCCBFEE7FC47DE0C" box="[819,900,330,356]" name="Turkey" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Turkey</collectingCountry>
, the Caucasus, Transcaucasus,
<collectingCountry id="25939CD6FF92FFD1FB10FEE7FAA8DE0C" box="[1256,1387,330,356]" name="Kazakhstan" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
and southwestern
<collectingCountry id="25939CD6FF92FFD1FEC9FEC3FEB7DEE0" box="[305,372,366,392]" name="China" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">China</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3915A1B7FF92FFD1FE79FEC3FDF2DEE0" author="Viidalepp, J." box="[385,561,366,392]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref45709" refString="Viidalepp, J. (1996) Checklist of the Geometridae (Lepidoptera) of the former U. S. S. R. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, 111 pp." type="book" year="1996">Viidalepp 1996</bibRefCitation>
; Hausmann 2004;
<bibRefCitation id="3915A1B7FF92FFD1FCF8FEC3FC78DEE1" author="Sihvonen, P." box="[768,955,366,393]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="29 - 36" refId="ref45301" refString="Sihvonen, P. (2005 b) Check-list of Chinese Scopula Schrank species and an analysis of species diversity (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Sterrhinae). Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology, 8, 29 - 36. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / S 1226 - 8615 (08) 60069 - 2" type="journal article" year="2005">Sihvonen 2005b</bibRefCitation>
). In
<collectingCountry id="25939CD6FF92FFD1FC12FEC2FBD4DEE1" box="[1002,1047,367,393]" name="Iran" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Iran</collectingCountry>
it is only known from the province
<collectingRegion id="9F4012A4FF92FFD1FF6FFE3FFEE2DEC4" box="[151,289,402,428]" country="Iran" name="Mazandaran" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Mazandaran</collectingRegion>
(Map 3).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="159E8FCDFF92FFD1FF3FFE1BFB7BDD54" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FF92FFD1FF3FFE1BFE15DD71" blockId="17.[151,1437,150,573]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF92FFD1FF3FFE1BFEF8DEB8" bold="true" box="[199,315,438,464]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Remarks.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3915A1B7FF92FFD1FEB1FE1BFDA5DEB8" author="Schwingenschuss, L." box="[329,614,438,464]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="200 - 210" refId="ref44974" refString="Schwingenschuss, L. (1939) Beitrag zur Lepidopterenfauna von Iran (Persien) insbesondere des Elbursgebirges in Nordiran. (Fortsetzung). Entomologische Zeitschrift, 53, 200 - 210." type="journal article" year="1939">Schwingenschuss (1939)</bibRefCitation>
reported the presence of this species in the north Iranian provinces
<collectingRegion id="9F4012A4FF92FFD1FF6FFE77FEE2DE9C" box="[151,289,474,500]" country="Iran" name="Mazandaran" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Mazandaran</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="9F4012A4FF92FFD1FEA2FE77FE68DE9C" box="[346,427,474,500]" country="Iran" name="Tehran" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Tehran</collectingRegion>
. Hausmann (2004) stated that this awaits confirmation. Here we confirm the presence of this species in northern
<collectingCountry id="25939CD6FF92FFD1FE59FE52FE11DD71" box="[417,466,511,537]" name="Iran" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Iran</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FF92FFD1FF3FFD8FFB7BDD54" blockId="17.[151,1437,150,573]" box="[199,1208,546,573]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF92FFD1FF3FFD8FFE4EDD54" bold="true" box="[199,397,546,572]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">DNA-barcoding.</emphasis>
Nearest species:
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FF92FFD1FDA8FD8EFD1ADD54" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[592,729,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Scopula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="immorata">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF92FFD1FDA8FD8EFD1ADD54" box="[592,729,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">S. immorata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with 1.8 % (see Supplementary Table S1).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>