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<document id="80582163ABD501ECDE9429621DC151CF" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5359.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10147920" ID-ZooBank="11CC5175-7CCE-453F-88EB-3490E82F4972" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1700203423776" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Wanke, Dominic, Hausmann, Axel, Lee, Kyung Min, Murillo-Ramos, Leidys, Sihvonen, Pasi &amp; Rajaei, Hossein" docDate="2023" docId="D52D6D50FF8CFFCFFF6FFD7BFA57D92E" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5359.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5359 (1)" docSource="https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5359.1.1/52094" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Scopula adulteraria Wanke &amp; Hausmann &amp; Lee &amp; Murillo-Ramos &amp; Sihvonen &amp; Rajaei 2023" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="16" masterDocId="29141528FF83FFC0FFF8FFADFFC3DF68" masterDocTitle="Systematics and integrative taxonomic revision of the tribe Scopulini Duponchel, 1845 in Iran (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Sterrhinae)" masterLastPageNumber="96" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="16" updateTime="1700204211901" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="C1FBBEFA0A0120B233AD06AC5D01674F">Systematics and integrative taxonomic revision of the tribe Scopulini Duponchel, 1845 in Iran (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Sterrhinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="07C9A0AC8CDBF88ED950EBF82AE5D9E1">Wanke, Dominic</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="948EBF3E723562A19FAAE122271D6A06">State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart, Entomology, Rosenstein &amp; D- 70191 Stuttgart, Germany. &amp; University of Hohenheim, Systematic Entomology (190 n), Garbenstr. 30, D- 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="C7A4C763142C7E8DC068DF515C00D82F">Hausmann, Axel</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="31F8260BE9F4890C2A26DBDCD5EB4D9A">SNSB-ZSM, Bavarian State Collection of Zoology, Münchhausenstr. 21, D- 81247 Munich, Germany.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="310B5D9F1F30EA96EF15D3C8BBC236B1">Lee, Kyung Min</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="C6A3074DFD133AA7E9F00E052495D446">Finnish Museum of Natural History, Zoology Unit, University of Helsinki, P. O. Box</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="03ACC7B0AC2BDE4F5008B3EB06B89504">Murillo-Ramos, Leidys</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="B1E8F706ACD175561381E4D25A46CFCD">Grupo Biologi ́ a Evolutiva, Department of Biology, Universidad de Sucre, Sincelejo, Sucre, Colombia. Corresponding author.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="4BCE09FC1AE80DE09A8689592A1E3C75">Sihvonen, Pasi</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="A1D8B904C4790EF669F2AF9E0E3AFF39">Finnish Museum of Natural History, Zoology Unit, University of Helsinki, P. O. Box</mods:affiliation>
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<subSubSection id="159E8FCDFF8CFFCFFF6FFD7BFD02DD99" box="[151,705,726,753]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FF8CFFCFFF6FFD7BFD02DD99" blockId="15.[151,815,726,789]" box="[151,705,726,753]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<heading id="06736B2AFF8CFFCFFF6FFD7BFD02DD99" bold="true" box="[151,705,726,753]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" reason="4">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF8CFFCFFF6FFD7BFD02DD99" bold="true" box="[151,705,726,753]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FF8CFFCFFF6FFD7BFD92DD98" ID-CoL="9BYZV" authority="(Erschov, 1874)" authorityName="Wanke &amp; Hausmann &amp; Lee &amp; Murillo-Ramos &amp; Sihvonen &amp; Rajaei" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Erschov" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[151,593,726,753]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Scopula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adulteraria">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF8CFFCFFF6FFD7BFE44DD99" bold="true" box="[151,391,726,753]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Scopula adulteraria</emphasis>
(Erschov, 1874)
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bona sp.
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="159E8FCDFF8CFFCFFF6FFD56FE01DC1E" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="description">
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FF8CFFCFFF6FFD56FCECDC7D" blockId="15.[151,815,726,789]" box="[151,815,762,789]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
(
<figureCitation id="C5BFC0C3FF8CFFCFFF67FD56FF33DC7D" box="[159,240,763,789]" captionStart="PLATE 4" captionStartId="46.[152,238,1747,1771]" captionText="PLATE 4: Figures 111. Wing pattern of Scopula species. 14: S. ansulata (12: Syntypes, [Iran], [Golestan], Hadschyabad; 3: Iran, Ostan-e Khorasan, Dolmeh Olia, g. prep. 0695/2020 D. Wanke; 4: Iran, Ostan-e Khorasan, Kuh-e Mirza-e Arab, g. prep. 0697/2020 D. Wanke); 56: S. adulteraria bona sp. (Iran, Ostan-e Khorasan, Izmansufla, 5: g. prep. 0699/2020 D. Wanke, 6: g. prep. 1255/2022 D. Wanke); 79: S. immorata (7: [Iran], Tacht i Suleiman, g. prep. 1225/2021 D. Wanke; 8: Mongolia, Modoto Chentej Mts, g. prep. 1232/2021 D. Wanke; 9: Türkei, Erzurum, Askale, g. prep. 1226/2021 D. Wanke); 1011: S. tessellaria (10: Kazakhstan, NE Kirova, g. prep. 1241/2021 D. Wanke; 11: Kazakhstan, S Kirgyzsay, g. prep. 1242/2021 D. Wanke). a = upperside; b = underside. Scale-bar 1 cm." pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Plate 4</figureCitation>
, Figs 56;
<figureCitation id="C5BFC0C3FF8CFFCFFE94FD56FE0ADC7D" box="[364,457,763,789]" captionStart="PLATE 12" captionStartId="58.[152,238,1905,1929]" captionTargetBox="[196,1391,161,1879]" captionTargetId="figure-20@58.[186,1401,151,1889]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="PLATE 12: Figures 13. Male genitalia of Scopula species. 1: S. ansulata (Iran, Ostan-e Khorasan, Dolmeh Olia, g. prep. 0696/2020 D. Wanke); 2: S. adulteraria bona sp. (Iran, Ostan-e Khorasan, Izmansufla, a, c: g. prep. 0699/2020 D. Wanke, b: g. prep. 0700/2020 D. Wanke); 3: S. immorata ([Iran], Särdab Tal-Vandarban, g. prep. 1286/2022 D. Wanke). a = genitalia capsule; b = aedeagus; c = 8th sternite. Scale-bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10147932" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10147932/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Plate 12</figureCitation>
, Fig. 2;
<figureCitation id="C5BFC0C3FF8CFFCFFDDDFD56FD40DC7D" box="[549,643,763,789]" captionStart="PLATE 22" captionStartId="68.[152,238,1820,1844]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,192,1791]" captionTargetId="figure-20@68.[151,1436,181,1801]" captionTargetPageId="68" captionText="PLATE 22: Figures 17. Female genitalia of Scopula species. 1: S. ansulata (Iran, Ostan-e Khorasan, Haji Abad, g. prep. 0697/2020 D. Wanke); 2: S. adulteraria bona sp. (Iran, Ostan-e Khorasan, Izmansufla, g. prep. 1255/2022 D. Wanke); 3: S. immorata (Turkey, Erzurum, N-Askole, g. prep. 1226/2022 D. Wanke); 4: S. tessellaria (Kazakhstan, S Kirgyzsay, g. prep. 1242/2021 D. Wanke); 5: S. nigropunctata (Turkey, Giresun, 1: g. prep. 1235/2021 D. Wanke); 67: S. caesaria (6: Paratype, Ceylon, Slide NHMUK 012821272; 7: South Yemen, Lahej Governorate, Al Dhala, g. prep. 1287/2022 D. Wanke). Scale-bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10147956" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10147956/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Plate 22</figureCitation>
, Fig. 2; Map 3)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FF8CFFCFFF6FFC92FE01DC1E" blockId="15.[151,1436,829,886]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FF8CFFCFFF6FFC92FDD1DC3F" authority="Erschov, 1874" authorityName="Erschov" authorityYear="1874" box="[151,530,831,855]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Acidalia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adulteraria">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF8CFFCFFF6FFC92FEB3DC3F" box="[151,368,831,855]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Acidalia adulteraria</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="EDECD61BFF8CFFCFFE8FFC92FDD1DC3F" box="[375,530,831,855]" collectionCode="MNHU" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="syntype">Erschov, 1874</materialsCitation>
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. In Fedchenko, Puteshestvie v Turkestan, 2, 60.
<typeStatus id="823F62E4FF8CFFCFFBF6FC92FBB3DC3F" box="[1038,1136,831,855]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="syntype">Syntypes</typeStatus>
♁,
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(Turkestan: Kisilkum) (in MNHU, examined).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="159E8FCDFF8CFFCFFF6FFC09FC86DC8A" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FF8CFFCFFF6FFC09FB99DCD7" blockId="15.[151,1437,932,1607]" box="[151,1114,932,960]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<materialsCitation id="EDECD61BFF8CFFCFFF6FFC09FB95DCD7" box="[151,1110,932,960]" collectionCode="MNHU" collectorName="Staudinger" country="Uzbekistan" location="Uzbekistan" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF8CFFCFFF6FFC09FE7CDCD6" bold="true" box="[151,447,932,958]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<typeStatus id="823F62E4FF8CFFCFFF6FFC09FF11DCD6" box="[151,210,932,958]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Type</typeStatus>
material examined.
</emphasis>
1 ♁,
<specimenCount id="4B8217CFFF8CFFCFFE06FC09FDEBDCD7" box="[510,552,932,959]" count="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
[
<collectingCountry id="25939CD6FF8CFFCFFDCAFC04FD5ADCD4" box="[562,665,937,956]" name="Uzbekistan" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Uzbekistan</collectingCountry>
], Margilan, ex coll.
<collectorName id="F071B990FF8CFFCFFCA0FC09FC16DCD6" box="[856,981,932,958]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Staudinger</collectorName>
; in
<collectionCode id="3B954483FF8CFFCFFC05FC08FB95DCD7" box="[1021,1110,933,959]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">MNHU</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FF8CFFCFFF3FFC65FC86DC8A" blockId="15.[151,1437,932,1607]" box="[199,837,968,996]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF8CFFCFFF3FFC65FDF5DC8A" bold="true" box="[199,566,968,994]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Additional material examined:</emphasis>
87 ♁/
<specimenCount id="4B8217CFFF8CFFCFFD78FC64FD50DC8C" box="[640,659,969,996]" count="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="female"></specimenCount>
(see appendix).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="159E8FCDFF8CFFCFFF3FFC41FC25DB1A" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FF8CFFCFFF3FFC41FC25DB1A" blockId="15.[151,1437,932,1607]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF8CFFCFFF3FFC41FEF8DB6E" bold="true" box="[199,315,1004,1030]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Remarks.</emphasis>
Originally described as a species, and regarded as a bona species by several authors (e.g.,
<bibRefCitation id="3915A1B7FF8CFFCFFAC8FC41FF10DB42" author="Viidalepp, J." pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref45709" refString="Viidalepp, J. (1996) Checklist of the Geometridae (Lepidoptera) of the former U. S. S. R. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, 111 pp." type="book" year="1996">Viidalepp 1996</bibRefCitation>
), it has been regarded as subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FF8CFFCFFD58FBBDFCA7DB42" baseAuthorityName="Lederer" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[672,868,1040,1066]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Scopula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ansulata">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF8CFFCFFD58FBBDFCA7DB42" box="[672,868,1040,1066]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Scopula ansulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by other authors (
<bibRefCitation id="3915A1B7FF8CFFCFFBC4FBBDFB0CDB42" author="Scoble, M. J." box="[1084,1231,1040,1066]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref45008" refString="Scoble, M. J. (1999) Geometrid Moths of the World: A Catalogue (Lepidoptera, Geometridae). Vols. 1 &amp; 2. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Victoria and Apollo Books, Stenstrup, 1200 pp." type="book" year="1999">Scoble 1999</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="3915A1B7FF8CFFCFFB25FBBDFA54DB43" author="Sihvonen, P." box="[1245,1431,1040,1067]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="473 - 530" refId="ref45250" refString="Sihvonen, P. (2005 a) Phylogeny and classification of the Scopulini moths (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Sterrhinae). Zoological Journal of Linnean Society, 143, 473 - 530. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2005.00153. x" type="journal article" year="2005">Sihvonen 2005a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="3915A1B7FF8CFFCFFF6FFB99FF23DB27" author="Sihvonen, P." box="[151,224,1076,1103]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="29 - 36" refId="ref45301" refString="Sihvonen, P. (2005 b) Check-list of Chinese Scopula Schrank species and an analysis of species diversity (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Sterrhinae). Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology, 8, 29 - 36. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / S 1226 - 8615 (08) 60069 - 2" type="journal article" year="2005">2005b</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="3915A1B7FF8CFFCFFF15FB99FDD8DB26" author="Scoble, M. J. &amp; Hausmann, A." box="[237,539,1076,1103]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref45052" refString="Scoble, M. J. &amp; Hausmann, A. (2007) Online list of valid and available names of the Geometridae of the World. Updated. Available from: https: // geometroidea. smns-bw. org / archive / (accessed 19 Ferbruary 2023)" type="url" year="2007">Scoble &amp; Hausmann 2007</bibRefCitation>
). However, external differences as well as the sympatric occurrence of
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FF8CFFCFFABAFB99FF34DB1A" baseAuthorityName="Lederer" baseAuthorityYear="1871" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Scopula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ansulata">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF8CFFCFFABAFB99FF34DB1A" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Scopula ansulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FF8CFFCFFED6FBF5FE09DB1A" authorityName="Erschov" authorityYear="1874" box="[302,458,1112,1139]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Acidalia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adulteraria">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF8CFFCFFED6FBF5FEFFDB1A" box="[302,316,1112,1138]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF8CFFCFFEB2FBF5FE09DB1A" box="[330,458,1112,1138]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">adulteraria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
convinced us to raise this taxon to species rank.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="159E8FCDFF8CFFCFFF3FFBD1FBFADA07" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FF8CFFCFFF3FFBD1FEA7DA6A" blockId="15.[151,1437,932,1607]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF8CFFCFFF3FFBD1FE81DBFE" bold="true" box="[199,322,1148,1174]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Wingspan ♁
<specimenCount id="4B8217CFFF8CFFCFFE2DFBD0FE29DBF0" box="[469,490,1149,1176]" count="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="female"></specimenCount>
<quantity id="9A7C71A3FF8CFFCFFE09FBD1FDADDBFF" box="[497,622,1148,1175]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.65" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="26.5" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="23.0">2330 mm</quantity>
. Due to its unique wing pattern,
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FF8CFFCFFC23FBD1FB7EDBFE" authorityName="Wanke &amp; Hausmann &amp; Lee &amp; Murillo-Ramos &amp; Sihvonen &amp; Rajaei" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Erschov" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[987,1213,1148,1174]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Scopula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adulteraria">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF8CFFCFFC23FBD1FB7EDBFE" box="[987,1213,1148,1174]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Scopula adulteraria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
cannot be confused with any other
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FF8CFFCFFEB1FB0DFE3CDBD2" box="[329,511,1184,1210]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF8CFFCFFEB1FB0DFE60DBD2" box="[329,419,1184,1210]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Scopula</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingCountry id="25939CD6FF8CFFCFFDD1FB0CFD99DBD3" box="[553,602,1185,1211]" name="Iran" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Iran</collectingCountry>
. Ground colour (
<figureCitation id="C5BFC0C3FF8CFFCFFCD8FB0DFCB7DBD2" box="[800,884,1184,1210]" captionStart="PLATE 4" captionStartId="46.[152,238,1747,1771]" captionText="PLATE 4: Figures 111. Wing pattern of Scopula species. 14: S. ansulata (12: Syntypes, [Iran], [Golestan], Hadschyabad; 3: Iran, Ostan-e Khorasan, Dolmeh Olia, g. prep. 0695/2020 D. Wanke; 4: Iran, Ostan-e Khorasan, Kuh-e Mirza-e Arab, g. prep. 0697/2020 D. Wanke); 56: S. adulteraria bona sp. (Iran, Ostan-e Khorasan, Izmansufla, 5: g. prep. 0699/2020 D. Wanke, 6: g. prep. 1255/2022 D. Wanke); 79: S. immorata (7: [Iran], Tacht i Suleiman, g. prep. 1225/2021 D. Wanke; 8: Mongolia, Modoto Chentej Mts, g. prep. 1232/2021 D. Wanke; 9: Türkei, Erzurum, Askale, g. prep. 1226/2021 D. Wanke); 1011: S. tessellaria (10: Kazakhstan, NE Kirova, g. prep. 1241/2021 D. Wanke; 11: Kazakhstan, S Kirgyzsay, g. prep. 1242/2021 D. Wanke). a = upperside; b = underside. Scale-bar 1 cm." pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Plate 4</figureCitation>
, Figs 56) reddish brown; transverse lines well pronounced and characteristic curved (wings ivory to beige, with some grey-brown highlights in
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FF8CFFCFFB19FB69FA9DDBB6" baseAuthorityName="Lederer" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[1249,1374,1220,1247]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Scopula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ansulata">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF8CFFCFFB19FB69FB2CDBB6" box="[1249,1263,1220,1246]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF8CFFCFFB06FB69FA9DDBB6" box="[1278,1374,1220,1246]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">ansulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (see
<figureCitation id="C5BFC0C3FF8CFFCFFF6FFB45FF25DA6A" box="[151,230,1256,1282]" captionStart="PLATE 4" captionStartId="46.[152,238,1747,1771]" captionText="PLATE 4: Figures 111. Wing pattern of Scopula species. 14: S. ansulata (12: Syntypes, [Iran], [Golestan], Hadschyabad; 3: Iran, Ostan-e Khorasan, Dolmeh Olia, g. prep. 0695/2020 D. Wanke; 4: Iran, Ostan-e Khorasan, Kuh-e Mirza-e Arab, g. prep. 0697/2020 D. Wanke); 56: S. adulteraria bona sp. (Iran, Ostan-e Khorasan, Izmansufla, 5: g. prep. 0699/2020 D. Wanke, 6: g. prep. 1255/2022 D. Wanke); 79: S. immorata (7: [Iran], Tacht i Suleiman, g. prep. 1225/2021 D. Wanke; 8: Mongolia, Modoto Chentej Mts, g. prep. 1232/2021 D. Wanke; 9: Türkei, Erzurum, Askale, g. prep. 1226/2021 D. Wanke); 1011: S. tessellaria (10: Kazakhstan, NE Kirova, g. prep. 1241/2021 D. Wanke; 11: Kazakhstan, S Kirgyzsay, g. prep. 1242/2021 D. Wanke). a = upperside; b = underside. Scale-bar 1 cm." pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Plate 4</figureCitation>
, Figs 16).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FF8CFFCFFF3FFAA1FD26DA23" blockId="15.[151,1437,932,1607]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
The male genitalia (
<figureCitation id="C5BFC0C3FF8CFFCFFE50FAA1FDC4DA4E" box="[424,519,1292,1318]" captionStart="PLATE 12" captionStartId="58.[152,238,1905,1929]" captionTargetBox="[196,1391,161,1879]" captionTargetId="figure-20@58.[186,1401,151,1889]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="PLATE 12: Figures 13. Male genitalia of Scopula species. 1: S. ansulata (Iran, Ostan-e Khorasan, Dolmeh Olia, g. prep. 0696/2020 D. Wanke); 2: S. adulteraria bona sp. (Iran, Ostan-e Khorasan, Izmansufla, a, c: g. prep. 0699/2020 D. Wanke, b: g. prep. 0700/2020 D. Wanke); 3: S. immorata ([Iran], Särdab Tal-Vandarban, g. prep. 1286/2022 D. Wanke). a = genitalia capsule; b = aedeagus; c = 8th sternite. Scale-bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10147932" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10147932/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Plate 12</figureCitation>
, Fig. 2) and the female genitalia (
<figureCitation id="C5BFC0C3FF8CFFCFFC7CFAA1FC27DA4E" box="[900,996,1292,1318]" captionStart="PLATE 22" captionStartId="68.[152,238,1820,1844]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,192,1791]" captionTargetId="figure-20@68.[151,1436,181,1801]" captionTargetPageId="68" captionText="PLATE 22: Figures 17. Female genitalia of Scopula species. 1: S. ansulata (Iran, Ostan-e Khorasan, Haji Abad, g. prep. 0697/2020 D. Wanke); 2: S. adulteraria bona sp. (Iran, Ostan-e Khorasan, Izmansufla, g. prep. 1255/2022 D. Wanke); 3: S. immorata (Turkey, Erzurum, N-Askole, g. prep. 1226/2022 D. Wanke); 4: S. tessellaria (Kazakhstan, S Kirgyzsay, g. prep. 1242/2021 D. Wanke); 5: S. nigropunctata (Turkey, Giresun, 1: g. prep. 1235/2021 D. Wanke); 67: S. caesaria (6: Paratype, Ceylon, Slide NHMUK 012821272; 7: South Yemen, Lahej Governorate, Al Dhala, g. prep. 1287/2022 D. Wanke). Scale-bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10147956" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10147956/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Plate 22</figureCitation>
, Fig. 2), show no diagnostic characters for differentiation with the sister species
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FF8CFFCFFD99FA9DFD1EDA22" baseAuthorityName="Lederer" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[609,733,1328,1355]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Scopula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ansulata">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF8CFFCFFD99FA9DFDACDA22" box="[609,623,1328,1354]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF8CFFCFFD85FA9DFD1EDA22" box="[637,733,1328,1354]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">ansulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FF8CFFCFFF3FFAF9FBFADA07" blockId="15.[151,1437,932,1607]" box="[199,1081,1364,1391]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF8CFFCFFF3FFAF9FE8ADA06" bold="true" box="[199,329,1364,1390]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Phenology.</emphasis>
Investigated specimens in
<collectingCountry id="25939CD6FF8CFFCFFD80FAF8FD66DA07" box="[632,677,1365,1391]" name="Iran" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Iran</collectingCountry>
were collected from March to May.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="159E8FCDFF8CFFCFFF3FFAD5FBB2DADF" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FF8CFFCFFF3FFAD5FE67DAFA" blockId="15.[151,1437,932,1607]" box="[199,420,1400,1426]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF8CFFCFFF3FFAD5FEE4DAFA" bold="true" box="[199,295,1400,1426]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Biology.</emphasis>
Unknown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FF8CFFCFFF3FFA31FBB2DADF" blockId="15.[151,1437,932,1607]" box="[199,1137,1436,1463]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF8CFFCFFF3FFA31FEE9DADE" bold="true" box="[199,298,1436,1462]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Habitat.</emphasis>
Investigated specimens in
<collectingCountry id="25939CD6FF8CFFCFFDA1FA30FD45DADF" box="[601,646,1437,1463]" name="Iran" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Iran</collectingCountry>
collected at altitudes from
<quantity id="9A7C71A3FF8CFFCFFC40FA31FC32DADF" box="[952,1009,1436,1463]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="50.0">50 m</quantity>
to
<quantity id="9A7C71A3FF8CFFCFFBEDFA31FBAEDADF" box="[1045,1133,1436,1463]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.24" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="1240.0">1240 m</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="159E8FCDFF8CFFCFFF3FFA6DFA57D92E" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FF8CFFCFFF3FFA6DFB66DA96" blockId="15.[151,1437,932,1607]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF8CFFCFFF3FFA6DFEA2DAB2" bold="true" box="[199,353,1472,1498]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Distribution.</emphasis>
This species is distributed from
<collectingCountry id="25939CD6FF8CFFCFFD21FA6CFCC5DAB3" box="[729,774,1473,1499]" name="Iran" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Iran</collectingCountry>
to Central Asia (
<collectingCountry id="25939CD6FF8CFFCFFC33FA6DFB8DDAB2" box="[971,1102,1472,1498]" name="Uzbekistan" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Uzbekistan</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="25939CD6FF8CFFCFFBA3FA6DFB1DDAB2" box="[1115,1246,1472,1498]" name="Kazakhstan" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="25939CD6FF8CFFCFFAEFFA6DFA56DAB2" box="[1303,1429,1472,1498]" name="Tajikistan" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Tadjikistan</collectingCountry>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="3915A1B7FF8CFFCFFF67FA49FE93DA96" author="Viidalepp, J." box="[159,336,1508,1534]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref45709" refString="Viidalepp, J. (1996) Checklist of the Geometridae (Lepidoptera) of the former U. S. S. R. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, 111 pp." type="book" year="1996">Viidalepp 1996</bibRefCitation>
). In
<collectingCountry id="25939CD6FF8CFFCFFE7AFA48FE6CDA97" box="[386,431,1509,1535]" name="Iran" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Iran</collectingCountry>
it is only known for the province
<collectingRegion id="9F4012A4FF8CFFCFFCD4FA49FBD2DA96" box="[812,1041,1508,1534]" country="Iran" name="Khorasan-e Shomali" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Khorasan-e Shomali</collectingRegion>
(see Map 3).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5D3BDC46FF8CFFCFFF3FF9A5FA57D92E" blockId="15.[151,1437,932,1607]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF8CFFCFFF3FF9A5FE4ED94A" bold="true" box="[199,397,1544,1570]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">DNA-barcoding.</emphasis>
Nearest species:
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FF8CFFCFFDB3F9A5FC0BD94A" authority="(De Graslin, 1863)" baseAuthorityName="De Graslin" baseAuthorityYear="1863" box="[587,968,1544,1570]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Scopula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufomixtaria">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF8CFFCFFDB3F9A5FD37D94A" box="[587,756,1544,1570]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">S. rufomixtaria</emphasis>
(De Graslin, 1863)
</taxonomicName>
with 7.3 % (see Supplementary Table S1); this may change when data for
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FF8CFFCFFE0DF981FDB2D92E" baseAuthorityName="Lederer" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[501,625,1580,1607]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Scopula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ansulata">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF8CFFCFFE0DF981FDC0D92E" box="[501,515,1580,1606]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF8CFFCFFDE9F981FDB2D92E" box="[529,625,1580,1606]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">ansulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is added to the dataset. However, no data for
<taxonomicName id="9A84A7C5FF8CFFCFFB8AF981FB2DD92E" baseAuthorityName="Lederer" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[1138,1262,1580,1607]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Scopula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ansulata">
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF8CFFCFFB8AF981FB43D92E" box="[1138,1152,1580,1606]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="6FF00054FF8CFFCFFB76F981FB2DD92E" box="[1166,1262,1580,1606]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">ansulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was available.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>