178 lines
21 KiB
XML
178 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document id="D6FB38DB3303AF947BC6C4C605ADFA00" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.177141" ID-GBIF-Dataset="63defc54-adf0-44bc-9bb8-146eb4697557" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="177141" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459851347071" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ivie, Michael A. & Schwengel-Regala, Michelle L." docDate="2007" docId="D508072411376F3C7F868EB2A683F956" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01503p068.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1503" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Elaphidion pseudonomon Ivie" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="62" masterDocId="29317F5C11306F3B7F118C5DA46DFFAA" masterDocTitle="The Elaphidion Audinet-Serville of the Puerto Rican Bank: new species, distributions, taxonomic corrections, and a key to species (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Elaphidiini)" masterLastPageNumber="68" masterPageNumber="55" pageNumber="62" updateTime="1698225315936" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="A411BD0A228CFFE11264395D43143931">The Elaphidion Audinet-Serville of the Puerto Rican Bank: new species, distributions, taxonomic corrections, and a key to species (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Elaphidiini)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="AE8182A488E68143BC34DA8E5D0439DC">Ivie, Michael A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="830BD33BBEEB8F03FA4E47E671279CCB">Schwengel-Regala, Michelle L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="8A7501265774713767DF13591A6E3F9A">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="DB5B4C0C3DEB42FB92355F06AD7F9A4F">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="B3A34B9DCC74EE6FF8575E95B6CA19CF">
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<mods:date id="79728C17BA76F0DB41898F121F86A310">2007</mods:date>
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<treatment id="D508072411376F3C7F868EB2A683F956" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6241362" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119362495" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6241362" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D508072411376F3C7F868EB2A683F956" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D508072411376F3C7F868EB2A683F956" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">
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<subSubSection id="15BBE5B911376F3C7F868EB2A5D2FC86" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="5D1EB63211376F3C7F868EB2A669FCA3" blockId="7.[151,516,751,812]" box="[151,516,751,777]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">
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<heading id="0656015E11376F3C7F868EB2A669FCA3" bold="true" box="[151,516,751,777]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="9AA1CDB111376F3C7F868EB2A669FCA3" ID-CoL="38Z6Y" authority="Ivie" authorityName="Ivie" box="[151,516,751,777]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Elaphidion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudonomon">
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<emphasis id="6FD56A2011376F3C7F868EB2A669FCA3" bold="true" box="[151,516,751,777]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">
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<emphasis id="6FD56A2011376F3C7F868EB2A5A2FCA3" bold="true" box="[151,463,751,777]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">Elaphidion pseudonomon</emphasis>
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Ivie
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5D1EB63211376F3C7F868F4FA5D2FC86" blockId="7.[151,516,751,812]" box="[151,447,786,812]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">
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(
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<figureCitation id="C59AAAB711376F3C7F8E8F4FA564FC86" box="[159,265,786,812]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStartId="10.[151,269,1399,1423]" captionTargetBox="[362,1239,254,1356]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[313,1274,194,1375]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6. Antennae (scale bar = 1 mm). 1. Elaphidion pseudonomon, male; 2. E. pseudonomon, female; 3. E. mayesae, male from St. Thomas; 4. E. mayesae, female from St. Thomas; 5. E. mayesae, male from Puerto Rico; 6. E. mayesae, female from Puerto Rico." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177142/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">Figs 1, 2</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="C59AAAB711376F3C7E048F4FA55EFC86" box="[277,307,786,812]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 11" captionStartId="11.[151,269,1646,1670]" captionTargetBox="[267,1322,214,1600]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[234,1353,194,1622]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 11. Elaphidion. 7. E. mayesae, from St. Thomas, aedeagus; 8. E. mayesae, from St. Thomas, parameres; 9. E. mayesae, from Puerto Rico, aedeagus; 10. E. mayesae, male from Puerto Rico, parameres; 11. E. pseudonomon, male, habitus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177143/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">11</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="C59AAAB711376F3C7E518F4FA50DFC86" box="[320,352,786,812]" captionStart="FIGURES 16 – 17" captionStartId="13.[151,269,1860,1884]" captionTargetBox="[223,1390,209,1827]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[203,1408,194,1841]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 16 – 17. Dorsal view of left elytral base (scale bar = 1 mm). 16. E. glabratum; 17. E. pseudonomon. FIGURES 18 – 19. Dorsal view of left mid-elytra (anterior to right) (scale bar = 1 mm). 18. E. glabratum; 19. E. pseudonomon." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177145/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">17</figureCitation>
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, 19, 21)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="15BBE5B911376F3C7F868F3FA138F92E" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="5D1EB63211376F3C7F868F3FA7F5FC33" blockId="7.[151,1436,866,953]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="7DB1911C11376F3C7F868F3FA7F5FC33" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">
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<taxonomicName id="9AA1CDB111376F3C7F868F3FA630FCD3" ID-CoL="38Z6Y" authority="Ivie, 1985: 312" authorityName="Ivie" authorityPageNumber="312" authorityYear="1985" box="[151,605,866,889]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Elaphidion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudonomon">
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<emphasis id="6FD56A2011376F3C7F868F3FA5C7FCD3" box="[151,426,866,889]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">Elaphidion pseudonomon</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="DC00902311376F3C7EA28F3FA630FCD3" author="Ivie" box="[435,605,866,889]" page="312" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" year="1985">
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<bibRefCitation id="3930CBC311376F3C7EA28F3FA648FCD3" author="Ivie" box="[435,549,866,889]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" refString="Ivie, M. A. (1985) Nomenclatural notes on West Indian Elaphidiini (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 61, 303 - 314." type="journal article" year="1985">Ivie, 1985</bibRefCitation>
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: 312
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Monné and
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<treatmentCitation id="DC00902311376F3C7DFC8F3FA7D7FCD3" author="Giesbert" box="[749,954,866,889]" page="55" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" year="1995">
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<bibRefCitation id="3930CBC311376F3C7DFC8F3FA7FDFCD3" author="Giesbert" box="[749,912,866,889]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" refString="Monn, M. A., & Giesbert, E. F. (1995) Checklist of the Cerambycidae and Disteniidae (Coleoptera) of the Western Hemisphere. Wolfsgarden Books, Burbank, xiv + 420 pp." type="book" year="1995">Giesbert, 1995</bibRefCitation>
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: 55
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</treatmentCitation>
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. Monné and
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<treatmentCitation id="DC00902311376F3C7B5B8F3FA160FCD3" author="Hovore" box="[1098,1293,866,889]" page="66" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" year="2005">
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<bibRefCitation id="3930CBC311376F3C7B5B8F3FA08EFCD3" author="Hovore" box="[1098,1251,866,889]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" refString="Monn, M. A. & Hovore, F. T. (2005) Electronic Version. 2005 Checklist of the Cerambycidae of the Western Hemisphere. http: // www. hovore. com / pdf / Electronic _ Checklist _ 2005. pdf. 393 pp. (accessed 20 June 2006)." type="book" year="2005">Hovore, 2005</bibRefCitation>
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: 66
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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<treatmentCitation id="DC00902311376F3C7A088F3FA533FC33" author="Valentine" page="280" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" year="2005">
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<bibRefCitation id="3930CBC311376F3C7A088F3FA55DFC33" author="Valentine" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" refString="Valentine, B. D. & Ivie, M. A. (2005) Beetles: Coleoptera. In J. Lazell, Island: Fact and Theory in Nature. University of California Press, Berkeley, pp. 274 - 282.." type="book chapter" year="2005">Valentine & Ivie 2005</bibRefCitation>
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:280
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</treatmentCitation>
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. [For a complete pre-1985 synonymy, see
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<bibRefCitation id="3930CBC311376F3C7C328FDFA7E3FC33" author="Ivie" box="[803,910,898,921]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" refString="Ivie, M. A. (1985) Nomenclatural notes on West Indian Elaphidiini (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 61, 303 - 314." type="journal article" year="1985">Ivie 1985</bibRefCitation>
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.]
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5D1EB63211376F3C7F868FFFA7D9FC13" blockId="7.[151,1436,866,953]" box="[151,948,930,953]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="7DB1911C11376F3C7F868FFFA7D9FC13" box="[151,948,930,953]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">
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||
<taxonomicName id="9AA1CDB111376F3C7F868FFFA7DDFC13" ID-CoL="38Z6Y" authority="Chalumeau and Touroult, 2005: 103" authorityName="Chalumeau and Touroult" authorityPageNumber="103" authorityYear="2005" box="[151,944,930,953]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Elaphidion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="glabratum" subSpecies="pseudonomon">
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<emphasis id="6FD56A2011376F3C7F868FFFA673FC13" box="[151,542,930,953]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">Elaphidion glabratum pseudonomon</emphasis>
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:
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<treatmentCitation id="DC00902311376F3C7D3D8FFFA7DDFC13" author="Chalumeau" box="[556,944,930,953]" page="103" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" year="2005">
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<bibRefCitation id="3930CBC311376F3C7D3D8FFFA716FC13" author="Chalumeau" box="[556,891,930,953]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" refString="Chalumeau, F. & Touroult, J. (2005) Le Longicornes des Petites Antilles (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). Taxonomie, Ethologie, Biogeographie. Pensoft Series Faunistica 51: 241." type="journal article" year="2005">Chalumeau and Touroult, 2005</bibRefCitation>
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: 103
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5D1EB63211376F3C7F868FB7A138F92E" blockId="7.[151,1437,1002,1788]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">
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This species has been a problem to distinguish throughout its more-than-100-year history (
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<bibRefCitation id="3930CBC311376F3C7BD28FB7A154FBAE" author="Ivie" box="[1219,1337,1002,1028]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" refString="Ivie, M. A. (1985) Nomenclatural notes on West Indian Elaphidiini (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 61, 303 - 314." type="journal article" year="1985">Ivie 1985</bibRefCitation>
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). When two unit trays of
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<specimenCount id="4BA77DBB11376F3C7E75884FA668FB86" box="[356,517,1042,1068]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" type="generic">50 specimens</specimenCount>
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each are placed side-by-side, the difference between
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<taxonomicName id="9AA1CDB111376F3C7B93884FA12AFB81" ID-CoL="38Z6Y" box="[1154,1351,1042,1067]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Elaphidion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudonomon">
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<emphasis id="6FD56A2011376F3C7B93884FA12AFB81" box="[1154,1351,1042,1067]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">E. pseudonomon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="9AA1CDB111376F3C7A92884FA57CFBF9" ID-CoL="6DZDL" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Elaphidion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="glabratum">
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<emphasis id="6FD56A2011376F3C7A92884FA57CFBF9" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">E. glabratum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is so obvious that no one would question their distinctiveness. However, when faced with diagnosing these two highly variable species in such a way that every specimen can be identified in isolation, the situation is much more difficult, leading to polite and understandable questions by workers with only small series to work with. This has been aggravated by use of relative and weakly defined characters to diagnose these differences (e.g.
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<bibRefCitation id="3930CBC311376F3C7E4B8887A5A0FB5E" author="Ivie" box="[346,461,1242,1268]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" refString="Ivie, M. A. (1985) Nomenclatural notes on West Indian Elaphidiini (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 61, 303 - 314." type="journal article" year="1985">Ivie 1985</bibRefCitation>
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). Recently,
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<bibRefCitation id="3930CBC311376F3C7D4A8887A7BCFB5E" author="Chalumeau" box="[603,977,1242,1268]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" refString="Chalumeau, F. & Touroult, J. (2005) Le Longicornes des Petites Antilles (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). Taxonomie, Ethologie, Biogeographie. Pensoft Series Faunistica 51: 241." type="journal article" year="2005">Chalumeau and Touroult (2005)</bibRefCitation>
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went so far at to consider
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<taxonomicName id="9AA1CDB111376F3C7A138886A4A7FAB6" ID-CoL="38Z6Y" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Elaphidion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudonomon">
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<emphasis id="6FD56A2011376F3C7A138886A4A7FAB6" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">E. pseudonomon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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a subspecies of
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<taxonomicName id="9AA1CDB111376F3C7E9F895EA647FAB6" ID-CoL="6DZDL" box="[398,554,1283,1308]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Elaphidion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="glabratum">
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<emphasis id="6FD56A2011376F3C7E9F895EA647FAB6" box="[398,554,1283,1308]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">E. glabratum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. However, the definition of a subspecies generally includes “…and interbreeding successfully where their ranges overlap” (
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<bibRefCitation id="3930CBC311376F3C7DE18977A7B9FAEE" author="Lincoln" box="[752,980,1322,1348]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" refString="Lincoln, R. J., Boxshall, G. A., & Clark, P. F. (1982) A Dictionary of Ecology, Evolution and Systematics. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, viii + 298 pp." type="book" year="1982">Lincoln et al. 1982</bibRefCitation>
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), and there is no evidence of these two forms occurring together anywhere in their ranges. Therefore, they cannot be considered subspecies. In the absence of behavioral or genetic data most modern insect systematists consider two allopatric populations that exhibit consistent differences to have divergent evolutionary histories, and place them either as populations of the same taxon or recognize them as full species. After extensive work with these populations for (in the case of Ivie) nearly 30 years, we have found they consistently behave as species, and have identified several, albeit difficult, characters to distinguish them (see diagnosis under
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<taxonomicName id="9AA1CDB111376F3C7C7F8A46A067F99E" ID-CoL="6DZDL" box="[878,1034,1563,1588]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Elaphidion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="glabratum">
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<emphasis id="6FD56A2011376F3C7C7F8A46A067F99E" box="[878,1034,1563,1588]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">E. glabratum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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above). These differences correspond to a biogeographic boundary (the
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<collectingCountry id="25B6F6A211376F3C7D6F8A1FA68BF9F6" box="[638,742,1602,1628]" name="British Virgin Islands" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">Anegada</collectingCountry>
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Passage), which divides the Greater and Lesser Antillean faunae, further strengthening our argument. We therefore return
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<taxonomicName id="9AA1CDB111376F3C7C818A36A03EF92E" ID-CoL="38Z6Y" box="[912,1107,1643,1668]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Elaphidion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudonomon">
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<emphasis id="6FD56A2011376F3C7C818A36A03EF92E" box="[912,1107,1643,1668]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">E. pseudonomon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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to full specific status.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="15BBE5B911376F3C7FD78ACFA7E2F906" box="[198,911,1682,1708]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="5D1EB63211376F3C7FD78ACFA7E2F906" blockId="7.[151,1437,1002,1788]" box="[198,911,1682,1708]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">
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<emphasis id="6FD56A2011376F3C7FD78ACFA519F906" bold="true" box="[198,372,1682,1708]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">DIAGNOSIS:</emphasis>
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See under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9AA1CDB111376F3C7EE68ACEA6FFF906" box="[503,658,1683,1708]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Elaphidion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="glabratum">
|
||
<emphasis id="6FD56A2011376F3C7EE68ACEA6FFF906" box="[503,658,1683,1708]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">E. glabratum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Length 9.5–
|
||
<quantity id="9A591BD711376F3C7C298ACFA7E6F906" box="[824,907,1682,1708]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="17.0">17 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="15BBE5B911376F3C7FD78AE7A683F956" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="5D1EB63211376F3C7FD78AE7A683F956" blockId="7.[151,1437,1002,1788]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<emphasis id="6FD56A2011376F3C7FD78AE7A5C5F97E" bold="true" box="[198,424,1722,1748]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">DISTRIBUTION:</emphasis>
|
||
St. Thomas,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="25B6F6A211376F3C7D568AE7A6C4F97E" box="[583,681,1722,1748]" name="Virgin Islands" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">St. John</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="25B6F6A211376F3C7DA78AE7A760F97E" box="[694,781,1722,1748]" name="British Virgin Islands" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">Tortola</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Guana (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3930CBC311376F3C7C668AE7A0CDF97E" author="Valentine" box="[887,1184,1722,1748]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" refString="Valentine, B. D. & Ivie, M. A. (2005) Beetles: Coleoptera. In J. Lazell, Island: Fact and Theory in Nature. University of California Press, Berkeley, pp. 274 - 282.." type="book chapter" year="2005">Valentine and Ivie, 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="25B6F6A211376F3C7BA48AE7A139F97E" box="[1205,1364,1722,1748]" name="British Virgin Islands" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">Virgin Gorda</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="25B6F6A211376F3C7A708AE7A4BFF956" name="British Virgin Islands" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">Anegada</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Puerto Rican record removed to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9AA1CDB111376F3C7D738ABEA68AF956" box="[610,743,1763,1788]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Elaphidion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mayesea">
|
||
<emphasis id="6FD56A2011376F3C7D738ABEA68AF956" box="[610,743,1763,1788]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">E. mayesea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |