280 lines
38 KiB
XML
280 lines
38 KiB
XML
<document id="1D37D34218A075A4D9FD60ED1D95662D" ID-CLB-Dataset="7557" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4948.2.7" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4d6a45cb-09a5-4113-8eb2-69810cefda23" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4620918" ID-ZooBank="8C2AAFB8-3E87-42F8-8DBA-A8EA3AC4395E" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1616144889660" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Barros, Rodolfo Corrêa De & Rocha, Rosana Moreira Da" docDate="2021" docId="D416879A3A5902338DF5A5A4FB14FEAB" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4928.2.7.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4948 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Styela panamensis Barros & Rocha 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="07FC9C46-28A5-496C-8D51-93E70FD38B10" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="277" masterDocId="282FFFE23A5802308D62A000FFF5FFCE" masterDocTitle="Two new species of Styela (Tunicata: Ascidiacea) from the tropical West Atlantic Ocean" masterLastPageNumber="286" masterPageNumber="275" pageNumber="276" updateTime="1698934371287" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="1A432676A18CD203A36AA365BE3534AD">
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<mods:title id="6AEC9D388ED075DE7E14FC7BFB110526">Two new species of Styela (Tunicata: Ascidiacea) from the tropical West Atlantic Ocean</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="5660ADF7ADA5CAD87DB3EAA5687B5846" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="C8B8441D35E2E8DD441924E374A59A95">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="0D170ABA1D8FA1FBB01EA7AF8D9A922E">Barros, Rodolfo Corrêa De</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E8ED031C5A15C3C0BD55EDEBACE0BF56">Graduate Program in Zoology, Universidade Federal do Paraná.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:name id="21428F08338C1195A54C89285266C81C" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="DE353DB5C1429C11AC048DF48FBF7B55">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="10B93F23C34D54B819A50958B4CEE0D9">Rocha, Rosana Moreira Da</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="39A51F0F67C4AD8C1A2E5AA65A20B18A">Universidade Federal do Paraná, Zoology Department. C. P. 19020, 81.531 - 980, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="F8CEEFA816DDEBE4CBB46BCC1FB260F1">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="D4A5FF435DC4744317FF9F56EA01F2CE">
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<mods:date id="B6B8330A2265978EF4D293F8BB7F201B">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="D8AF3920162C56E3843C7B1E9656CCF0">2021-03-19</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="0492A875A9CAA74F9CA4CEBF1E40E72C" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="60B426FE2AB7DBBCADCF3148A8AD55F7">4948</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="E39FC449559C5B64FE960E495E10438E" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="EBF762A6C7430B9870C39745EC36B997">2</mods:number>
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<treatment id="D416879A3A5902338DF5A5A4FB14FEAB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4652969" ID-GBIF-Taxon="180782266" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4652969" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:07FC9C46-28A5-496C-8D51-93E70FD38B10" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D416879A3A5902338DF5A5A4FB14FEAB" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="277" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">
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<subSubSection id="14A565073A5902318DF5A5A4FE29FA71" box="[151,476,1444,1471]" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="5C00368C3A5902318DF5A5A4FE29FA71" blockId="1.[151,961,1444,1543]" box="[151,476,1444,1471]" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">
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<heading id="074881E03A5902318DF5A5A4FE29FA71" bold="true" box="[151,476,1444,1471]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="6ECBEA9E3A5902318DF5A5A4FE29FA71" bold="true" box="[151,476,1444,1471]" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">
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<taxonomicName id="9BBF4D0F3A5902318DF5A5A4FE82FA70" authority="Barros & Rocha, 2021" authorityName="Barros & Rocha" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,375,1444,1471]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Styela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="panamensis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="6ECBEA9E3A5902318DF5A5A4FE82FA70" bold="true" box="[151,375,1444,1471]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">Styela panamensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="75F857E53A5902318C1DA5A5FE29FA71" box="[383,476,1445,1471]" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="14A565073A5902318DF5A5C8FC34F9C9" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" type="description">
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<paragraph id="5C00368C3A5902318DF5A5C8FE9FFA2D" blockId="1.[151,961,1444,1543]" box="[151,362,1480,1507]" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">
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(
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<figureCitation id="C4842A093A5902318DFDA5C8FEE9FA2D" box="[159,284,1480,1507]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,994,1018]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,596,970]" captionTargetId="figure-248@2.[151,1436,596,970]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. A. Styela panamensis sp. nov. in situ. B. Styela multicarpa sp. nov. in the laboratory right after collection. Legend: os. oral siphon; as. atrial siphon." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4620920" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4620920/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">Figures 1A</figureCitation>
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and
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<figureCitation id="C4842A093A5902318C31A5C9FE97FA2D" box="[339,354,1481,1507]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1896,1920]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,381,1873]" captionTargetId="figure-134@3.[151,1436,381,1873]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Styela panamensis sp. nov. A. external appearance; B. right side body; C. left side body; D. overview of specimen dissected without the pharynx; E. detail of pharynx and anterior region; F. specimen with four gonads on the right side; G. bifurcated ovary; H. digitiform testicular follicles; I. siphonal spines; i. two views of the siphonal spines shape. Scale bars = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4620922" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4620922/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">2</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5C00368C3A5902318DF5A5ECFC34F9C9" blockId="1.[151,961,1444,1543]" box="[151,961,1516,1543]" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">
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<uri id="282E3A8E3A5902318DF5A5ECFC34F9C9" box="[151,961,1516,1543]" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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<uuid id="28190C593A5902318CCFA5ECFC34F9C9" box="[429,961,1516,1543]" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">07FC9C46-28A5-496C-8D51-93E70FD38B10</uuid>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="14A565073A5902318DF5A62FFC9AF97B" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="5C00368C3A5902318DF5A62FFC9AF97B" blockId="1.[151,1437,1583,2042]" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">
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<emphasis id="6ECBEA9E3A5902318DF5A62FFE7BF987" bold="true" box="[151,398,1583,1609]" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">Materials examined.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="ECD73CD13A5902318CFAA62FFE23F9A3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3064434303" collectingDate="2003-08-04" country="Panama" latitude="9.3" location="Sty" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-82.183334" municipality="Solarte Island" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bocas del Toro" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="8304882E3A5902318CFAA62FFDF0F987" box="[408,517,1583,1609]" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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<location id="596060573A5902318F73A62FFDCDF987" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D416879A3A5902338DF5A5A4FB14FEAB:596060573A5902318F73A62FFDCDF987" box="[529,568,1583,1609]" country="Panama" latitude="9.3" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-82.183334" municipality="Solarte Island" name="Sty" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" stateProvince="Bocas del Toro">Sty</location>
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–164, artificial substrate,
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<collectingMunicipality id="BC64ACF63A5902318E3EA62FFC09F987" box="[860,1020,1583,1609]" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">Solarte Island</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="9E7BF86E3A5902318968A630FB4EF984" box="[1034,1211,1583,1610]" country="Panama" name="Bocas del Toro" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">Bocas del Toro</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="24A8761C3A59023189ABA630FAD0F984" box="[1225,1317,1584,1610]" name="Panama" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">Panama</collectingCountry>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="398B504B3A5902318850A62FFA69F987" box="[1330,1436,1583,1609]" degrees="9" direction="north" minutes="18" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" precision="15" seconds="0" value="9.3">
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9
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18’0”N
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</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="398B504B3A5902318DF5A653FEE1F9A3" box="[151,276,1619,1645]" degrees="82" direction="west" minutes="11" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" precision="15" seconds="0" value="-82.183334">
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82
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<superScript id="ABCA9BC43A5902318DD1A653FF4EF9AF" attach="none" box="[179,187,1619,1633]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">o</superScript>
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11’0”W
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</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<date id="2801104C3A5902318C43A653FE23F9A3" box="[289,470,1619,1645]" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" value="2003-08-04">
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<collectingDate id="3845E9A43A5902318C43A653FE23F9A3" box="[289,470,1619,1645]" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" value="2003-08-04">August 4, 2003</collectingDate>
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</date>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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<materialsCitation id="ECD73CD13A5902318C81A654FD37F95F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3064434305" collectingDate="2003-08-09" country="Panama" county="Island" location="Sty" longitude="-82.25833" municipality="Sty" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Colon" typeStatus="paratype">
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<typeStatus id="8304882E3A5902318C81A654FDA1F9A0" box="[483,596,1620,1646]" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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:
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<location id="596060573A5902318F03A653FD70F9A3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D416879A3A5902338DF5A5A4FB14FEAB:596060573A5902318F03A653FD70F9A3" box="[609,645,1619,1645]" country="Panama" county="Island" longitude="-82.25833" municipality="Sty" name="Sty" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" stateProvince="Colon">Sty</location>
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–282 and
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<collectingMunicipality id="BC64ACF63A5902318F98A653FCD5F9A3" box="[762,800,1619,1645]" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">Sty</collectingMunicipality>
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–283, artificial substrate,
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<collectingRegion id="9E7BF86E3A5902318926A653FB7DF9A3" box="[1092,1160,1619,1645]" country="Panama" name="Colon" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">Colon</collectingRegion>
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<collectingCounty id="B5614E003A59023189F0A653FB2CF9A3" box="[1170,1241,1619,1645]" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">Island</collectingCounty>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="9E7BF86E3A5902318985A654FA6DF9A0" box="[1255,1432,1619,1646]" country="Panama" name="Bocas del Toro" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">Bocas del Toro</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="24A8761C3A5902318DF5A678FF06F95C" box="[151,243,1656,1682]" name="Panama" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">Panama</collectingCountry>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="398B504B3A5902318C62A677FE9BF95C" box="[256,366,1655,1682]" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">
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9
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<superScript id="ABCA9BC43A5902318C6CA677FEE3F94B" attach="none" box="[270,278,1655,1669]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">o</superScript>
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2315”N
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</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="398B504B3A5902318C15A677FDF1F95C" box="[375,516,1655,1682]" degrees="82" direction="west" minutes="15" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" precision="15" seconds="30" value="-82.25833">
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82
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<superScript id="ABCA9BC43A5902318CF1A677FE6EF94B" attach="none" box="[403,411,1655,1669]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">o</superScript>
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15’30”W
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
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,
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||
<date id="2801104C3A5902318F6DA677FD37F95F" box="[527,706,1655,1681]" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" value="2003-08-09">
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<collectingDate id="3845E9A43A5902318F6DA677FD37F95F" box="[527,706,1655,1681]" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" value="2003-08-09">August 9, 2003</collectingDate>
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</date>
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</materialsCitation>
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;
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<materialsCitation id="ECD73CD13A5902318FADA677FC99F97B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3064434304" collectingDate="2003-08-12" country="San Cristobal Island" latitude="9.35" location="Sty" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-82.23333" municipality="Sty" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bocas del Toro" typeStatus="paratype">
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<location id="596060573A5902318FADA677FD01F95F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D416879A3A5902338DF5A5A4FB14FEAB:596060573A5902318FADA677FD01F95F" box="[719,756,1655,1681]" country="San Cristobal Island" latitude="9.35" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-82.23333" municipality="Sty" name="Sty" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" stateProvince="Bocas del Toro">Sty</location>
|
||
–284 and
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="BC64ACF63A5902318E04A677FC79F95C" box="[870,908,1655,1682]" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">Sty</collectingMunicipality>
|
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–285, artificial substrate,
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||
<collectingCountry id="24A8761C3A59023189CDA677FA6DF95F" box="[1199,1432,1655,1681]" name="San Cristobal Island" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">San Cristóbal Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="9E7BF86E3A5902318DF5A69CFEB7F978" box="[151,322,1691,1718]" country="Panama" name="Bocas del Toro" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">Bocas del Toro</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="24A8761C3A5902318C2CA69CFE5FF978" box="[334,426,1692,1718]" name="Panama" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="398B504B3A5902318CD6A69BFDEAF97B" box="[436,543,1691,1717]" degrees="9" direction="north" minutes="21" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" precision="15" seconds="0" value="9.35">
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9
|
||
<superScript id="ABCA9BC43A5902318CA0A69BFE3FF967" attach="none" box="[450,458,1691,1705]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">o</superScript>
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||
21’0”N
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
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<geoCoordinate id="398B504B3A5902318F44A69BFD51F97B" box="[550,676,1691,1717]" degrees="82" direction="west" minutes="14" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" precision="15" seconds="0" value="-82.23333">
|
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82
|
||
<superScript id="ABCA9BC43A5902318F20A69BFDBFF967" attach="none" box="[578,586,1691,1705]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">o</superScript>
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14’0”W
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="2801104C3A5902318FCCA69BFC99F97B" box="[686,876,1691,1717]" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" value="2003-08-12">
|
||
<collectingDate id="3845E9A43A5902318FCCA69BFC99F97B" box="[686,876,1691,1717]" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" value="2003-08-12">August 12, 2003</collectingDate>
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</date>
|
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</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="14A565073A5902338DA5A6BFFB14FEAB" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="278" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="5C00368C3A5902318DA5A6BFFB71F917" blockId="1.[151,1437,1583,2042]" box="[199,1156,1727,1754]" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">
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<emphasis id="6ECBEA9E3A5902318DA5A6BFFEBBF917" bold="true" box="[199,334,1727,1753]" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The specific name refers to the country where this species was collected.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5C00368C3A5902318DA5A6E3FA91F8A4" blockId="1.[151,1437,1583,2042]" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">
|
||
<emphasis id="6ECBEA9E3A5902318DA5A6E3FE19F933" bold="true" box="[199,492,1763,1789]" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">Habitat and distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
The species is very common and abundant in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="9E7BF86E3A5902318E87A6E4FB06F933" box="[997,1267,1763,1790]" country="Panama" name="Bocas del Toro" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">Bocas del Toro province</collectingRegion>
|
||
, both in natural (mangrove) and artificial (marinas, piers and pilings sustaining buildings) habitats, less than
|
||
<quantity id="9B479B693A59023189EAA707FB45F8EC" box="[1160,1200,1799,1826]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" unit="m" value="2.0">2 m</quantity>
|
||
deep. They attach directly to the prop roots of mangroves or the artificial substrate, but more frequently on bivalve shells attached to those substrates. They can be found isolated or in small groups of 3–5 individuals. Salinity in the region is 32–34 psu.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5C00368C3A5902318DA5A773FCD6F837" blockId="1.[151,1437,1583,2042]" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">
|
||
<emphasis id="6ECBEA9E3A5902318DA5A773FE31F843" bold="true" box="[199,452,1907,1933]" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">External appearance</emphasis>
|
||
. Color ranges from orange brown to reddish brown, some animals very dark in the anterior region. There are few epibionts, among which filamentous algae and polychaetes are common (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C4842A093A5902318856A797FA7BF87F" box="[1332,1422,1943,1969]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,994,1018]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,596,970]" captionTargetId="figure-248@2.[151,1436,596,970]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. A. Styela panamensis sp. nov. in situ. B. Styela multicarpa sp. nov. in the laboratory right after collection. Legend: os. oral siphon; as. atrial siphon." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4620920" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4620920/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Specimens are
|
||
<quantity id="9B479B693A5902318C22A7BBFE4CF818" box="[320,441,1979,2006]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="3.8" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" unit="mm" value="30.0" valueMax="38.0" valueMin="22.0">22–38 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length. Individuals are oval with a leathery tunic with rough appearance, with discrete projections that are concentrated on the siphons (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C4842A093A5902318FDEA7DFFCE3F837" box="[700,790,2015,2041]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1896,1920]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,381,1873]" captionTargetId="figure-134@3.[151,1436,381,1873]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Styela panamensis sp. nov. A. external appearance; B. right side body; C. left side body; D. overview of specimen dissected without the pharynx; E. detail of pharynx and anterior region; F. specimen with four gonads on the right side; G. bifurcated ovary; H. digitiform testicular follicles; I. siphonal spines; i. two views of the siphonal spines shape. Scale bars = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4620922" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4620922/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5C00368C3A5A02328DA5A096FCB2FDF2" blockId="2.[151,1437,150,573]" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">
|
||
<emphasis id="6ECBEA9E3A5A02328DA5A096FE33FF7E" bold="true" box="[199,454,150,176]" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">Internal morphology.</emphasis>
|
||
Length without tunic is
|
||
<quantity id="9B479B693A5A02328FBBA096FCA1FF7F" box="[729,852,150,177]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" metricValueMax="3.4" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="2" pageNumber="277" unit="mm" value="24.0" valueMax="34.0" valueMin="14.0">14–34 mm</quantity>
|
||
, width is
|
||
<quantity id="9B479B693A5A02328EA2A096FBDBFF7F" box="[960,1070,150,177]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="2" pageNumber="277" unit="mm" value="12.5" valueMax="16.0" valueMin="9.0">9–16 mm</quantity>
|
||
. The body wall is thin and translucent, allowing the visualization of the gonads and, sometimes, the digestive tract (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C4842A093A5A02328921A0BAFB0BFF1A" box="[1091,1278,186,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1896,1920]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,381,1873]" captionTargetId="figure-134@3.[151,1436,381,1873]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Styela panamensis sp. nov. A. external appearance; B. right side body; C. left side body; D. overview of specimen dissected without the pharynx; E. detail of pharynx and anterior region; F. specimen with four gonads on the right side; G. bifurcated ovary; H. digitiform testicular follicles; I. siphonal spines; i. two views of the siphonal spines shape. Scale bars = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4620922" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4620922/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">Figs. 2B and 2C</figureCitation>
|
||
). The longitudinal muscles are visible in most cases. The siphons are close to each other, the oral is apical and the atrial a little way back on the dorsal line, with similar lengths, more than
|
||
<quantity id="9B479B693A5A02328E33A103FC66FED3" box="[849,915,259,285]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="277" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
|
||
long in the larger specimens. In each siphon, four triangular lobes and eight whitish bands are observed. Numerous
|
||
<quantity id="9B479B693A5A02328EA2A126FBC3FE8F" box="[960,1078,294,321]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="277" unit="mm" value="20.0" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="10.0">10–30 µm</quantity>
|
||
long scale-like siphonal spines are present on the internal side of both siphons. They are flattened and triangular shaped in surface view. The free margin is slightly concave and smooth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C4842A093A5A02328F34A16EFD09FE47" box="[598,764,366,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1896,1920]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,381,1873]" captionTargetId="figure-134@3.[151,1436,381,1873]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Styela panamensis sp. nov. A. external appearance; B. right side body; C. left side body; D. overview of specimen dissected without the pharynx; E. detail of pharynx and anterior region; F. specimen with four gonads on the right side; G. bifurcated ovary; H. digitiform testicular follicles; I. siphonal spines; i. two views of the siphonal spines shape. Scale bars = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4620922" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4620922/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">Figs. 2I and 2i</figureCitation>
|
||
). Between 31–54 simple and filiform tentacles are observed at the base of the oral siphon, distributed in four orders of size (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C4842A093A5A02328E3DA192FC42FE62" box="[863,951,402,428]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1896,1920]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,381,1873]" captionTargetId="figure-134@3.[151,1436,381,1873]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Styela panamensis sp. nov. A. external appearance; B. right side body; C. left side body; D. overview of specimen dissected without the pharynx; E. detail of pharynx and anterior region; F. specimen with four gonads on the right side; G. bifurcated ovary; H. digitiform testicular follicles; I. siphonal spines; i. two views of the siphonal spines shape. Scale bars = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4620922" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4620922/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Short and numerous filiform tentacles are present at the base of the atrial siphon, forming a ring from which two dorsal and elongated regions also covered by tentacles project towards the dorsal tubercle, which they almost reach. The prepharyngeal groove is formed by a simple blade, with the peritubercular area in a ‘V’ shape. The dorsal tubercle is globular,
|
||
<quantity id="9B479B693A5A02328912A1FEFAE7FDD7" box="[1136,1298,510,537]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.6499999999999995" metricValueMax="8.8" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="277" unit="mm" value="0.565" valueMax="0.88" valueMin="0.25">0.25–0.88 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter, and with a variable-shape opening, usually as a ‘U’ (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C4842A093A5A02328F81A222FCCFFDF2" box="[739,826,546,572]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1896,1920]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,381,1873]" captionTargetId="figure-134@3.[151,1436,381,1873]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Styela panamensis sp. nov. A. external appearance; B. right side body; C. left side body; D. overview of specimen dissected without the pharynx; E. detail of pharynx and anterior region; F. specimen with four gonads on the right side; G. bifurcated ovary; H. digitiform testicular follicles; I. siphonal spines; i. two views of the siphonal spines shape. Scale bars = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4620922" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4620922/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="08C066043A5A02328DF5A3E2FE14FBD0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4620920" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4620920" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4620920/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="277" startId="2.[151,250,994,1018]" targetBox="[151,1436,596,970]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="5C00368C3A5A02328DF5A3E2FE14FBD0" blockId="2.[151,1437,994,1054]" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">
|
||
<emphasis id="6ECBEA9E3A5A02328DF5A3E2FEE6FC34" bold="true" box="[151,275,994,1018]" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
A.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BBF4D0F3A5A02328C57A3E2FE04FC34" authority="Barros & Rocha, 2021" authorityName="Barros & Rocha" authorityYear="2021" box="[309,497,994,1018]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Styela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="2" pageNumber="277" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="panamensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="6ECBEA9E3A5A02328C57A3E2FE04FC34" box="[309,497,994,1018]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">Styela panamensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="6ECBEA9E3A5A02328C95A3E2FDB2FC34" bold="true" box="[503,583,994,1018]" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="75F857E53A5A02328C95A3E2FDB2FC34" box="[503,583,994,1018]" pageId="2" pageNumber="277" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="6ECBEA9E3A5A02328F2FA3E3FD67FC34" box="[589,658,995,1018]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">in situ.</emphasis>
|
||
B.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BBF4D0F3A5A02328FD6A3E2FC92FC34" authority="Barros & Rocha, 2021" authorityName="Barros & Rocha" authorityYear="2021" box="[692,871,994,1018]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Styela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="2" pageNumber="277" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multicarpa" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="6ECBEA9E3A5A02328FD6A3E2FC92FC34" box="[692,871,994,1018]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">Styela multicarpa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="6ECBEA9E3A5A02328E0FA3E2FC48FC34" bold="true" box="[877,957,994,1018]" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="75F857E53A5A02328E0FA3E2FC48FC34" box="[877,957,994,1018]" pageId="2" pageNumber="277" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
in the laboratory right after collection. Legend:
|
||
<emphasis id="6ECBEA9E3A5A02328DF5A407FF5BFBD0" box="[151,174,1031,1054]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">os</emphasis>
|
||
. oral siphon;
|
||
<emphasis id="6ECBEA9E3A5A02328C5BA407FEA5FBD0" box="[313,336,1031,1054]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">as</emphasis>
|
||
. atrial siphon.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="5C00368C3A5A02328DA5A44CFD3BFB39" blockId="2.[151,1436,1100,1271]" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">
|
||
The dorsal lamina is simple and continuous until the perioesophageal region, where it moves to the left side of the oesophageal opening, with the lower portion being wider. The pharynx has four well-developed folds on both sides, with 58–111 longitudinal vessels on the right side and 58–103 on the left side. There are 7–15 longitudinal stigmata per mesh. Parastigmatic vessels are present. The formula for the longitudinal vessels of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="8304882E3A5A02328868A4B8FA99FB1C" box="[1290,1388,1208,1234]" pageId="2" pageNumber="277" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and the four
|
||
<typeStatus id="8304882E3A5A02328D94A4DDFE94FB39" box="[246,353,1245,1271]" pageId="2" pageNumber="277" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
follows (from right to left side):
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5C00368C3A5A02328DF5A524FCA4FAF1" blockId="2.[151,849,1316,1487]" box="[151,849,1316,1343]" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">
|
||
E5(16)6(20)5(21)5(24)9DL3(23)5(20)5(21)5(16)5 (
|
||
<typeStatus id="8304882E3A5A02328FBFA524FCBCFAF1" box="[733,841,1316,1343]" pageId="2" pageNumber="277" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5C00368C3A5A02328DF5A548FD47FAAD" blockId="2.[151,849,1316,1487]" box="[151,690,1352,1379]" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">E2(9)3(14)4(12)4(13)5DL1(15)3(10)4(11)4(9)2</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5C00368C3A5A02328DF5A56CFD3BFA49" blockId="2.[151,849,1316,1487]" box="[151,718,1388,1415]" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">E6(15)8(20)9(20)8(18)8DL6(17)8(16)7(17)8(14)6</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5C00368C3A5A02328DF5A590FD3BFA65" blockId="2.[151,849,1316,1487]" box="[151,718,1424,1451]" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">E5(14)7(19)7(18)7(14)4DL5(15)8(17)8(18)6(14)7</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5C00368C3A5A02328DF5A5B4FD3AFA01" blockId="2.[151,849,1316,1487]" box="[151,719,1460,1487]" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">E5(13)5(17)5(15)5(16)4DL4(18)6(16)5(17)4(14)3</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5C00368C3A5A02338DA5A5FCFB14FEAB" blockId="2.[151,1437,1532,2027]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1436,151,357]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="278" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">
|
||
The oesophagus is relatively long, slightly curved. The stomach is elongated,
|
||
<quantity id="9B479B693A5A0232895BA5FDFB34F9D9" box="[1081,1217,1533,1559]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.85" metricValueMax="7.4" metricValueMin="4.3" pageId="2" pageNumber="277" unit="mm" value="5.85" valueMax="7.4" valueMin="4.3">4.3–7.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, yellow to orange in color, with 19–28 internal longitudinal folds, running from the distal portion of oesophagus to the beginning of intestine, frequently visible on the exterior surface. The stomach has a longitudinal flat region along the side touching the body wall, with internal transverse grooves. A ligament is observed between the posterior portion of the stomach and the first loop, but there is no gastric caecum. The intestine is isodiametric and forms primary and secondary loops, the secondary loop being wider than the primary (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C4842A093A5A02328EF7A6B0FC04F905" box="[917,1009,1712,1739]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1896,1920]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,381,1873]" captionTargetId="figure-134@3.[151,1436,381,1873]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Styela panamensis sp. nov. A. external appearance; B. right side body; C. left side body; D. overview of specimen dissected without the pharynx; E. detail of pharynx and anterior region; F. specimen with four gonads on the right side; G. bifurcated ovary; H. digitiform testicular follicles; I. siphonal spines; i. two views of the siphonal spines shape. Scale bars = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4620922" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4620922/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
|
||
). The anus opens near the base of the atrial siphon, with a generally multilobed margin, although some specimens have no clear lobes in the anus. The digestive tube attaches to the body wall through thin ligaments which are easily broken during dissection. Endocarps of varying sizes and quantities (usually abundant) protrude from the body wall, but never on the gonads or digestive tract (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C4842A093A5A02328DBBA740FEC0F895" box="[217,309,1856,1883]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1896,1920]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,381,1873]" captionTargetId="figure-134@3.[151,1436,381,1873]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Styela panamensis sp. nov. A. external appearance; B. right side body; C. left side body; D. overview of specimen dissected without the pharynx; E. detail of pharynx and anterior region; F. specimen with four gonads on the right side; G. bifurcated ovary; H. digitiform testicular follicles; I. siphonal spines; i. two views of the siphonal spines shape. Scale bars = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4620922" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4620922/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Hermaphroditic gonads are on both sides, two to five on the right side (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C4842A093A5A02328915A740FAC7F895" box="[1143,1330,1856,1883]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1896,1920]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,381,1873]" captionTargetId="figure-134@3.[151,1436,381,1873]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Styela panamensis sp. nov. A. external appearance; B. right side body; C. left side body; D. overview of specimen dissected without the pharynx; E. detail of pharynx and anterior region; F. specimen with four gonads on the right side; G. bifurcated ovary; H. digitiform testicular follicles; I. siphonal spines; i. two views of the siphonal spines shape. Scale bars = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4620922" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4620922/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">Figs. 2D and 2F</figureCitation>
|
||
) and two to three on the left side. The ovaries are elongated, light yellow, straight to sinuous in shape with cylindrical cross section, usually filled by numerous oocytes. The length of the ovary is 4.0–
|
||
<quantity id="9B479B693A5A02328E86A789FBBDF86D" box="[996,1096,1929,1955]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.09" pageId="2" pageNumber="277" unit="mm" value="20.9">20.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
on the right side and
|
||
<quantity id="9B479B693A5A02328858A788FF36F809" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.65" metricValueMax="10.5" metricValueMin="2.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="277" unit="mm" value="6.65" valueMax="10.5" valueMin="2.8">2.8–10.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
on the left side. The ovaries end with the orifice directed toward the atrial siphon into a free and short oviduct. Bifurcations in the ovarian tubes may be present in the distal portion of some ovaries (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C4842A093A5A02328900A7D0FB49F825" box="[1122,1212,2000,2027]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1896,1920]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,381,1873]" captionTargetId="figure-134@3.[151,1436,381,1873]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Styela panamensis sp. nov. A. external appearance; B. right side body; C. left side body; D. overview of specimen dissected without the pharynx; E. detail of pharynx and anterior region; F. specimen with four gonads on the right side; G. bifurcated ovary; H. digitiform testicular follicles; I. siphonal spines; i. two views of the siphonal spines shape. Scale bars = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4620922" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4620922/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">Fig. 2G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Most dorsal ovary on the left side is usually shorter than the rest and lies partially within the second intestinal loop. The diameter of the oocytes is
|
||
<quantity id="9B479B693A5B02338C56A0BBFE00FF1B" box="[308,501,187,213]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.915" metricValueMax="2.42" metricValueMin="1.41" pageId="3" pageNumber="278" unit="mm" value="0.1915" valueMax="0.242" valueMin="0.141">
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="398B504B3A5B02338C56A0BBFE87FF1B" box="[308,370,187,213]" degrees="0.141" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="278" precision="55" value="0.141">0.141</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="398B504B3A5B02338C13A0BBFE35FF1B" box="[369,448,187,213]" degrees="0.242" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="278" precision="55" value="-0.242">–0.242</geoCoordinate>
|
||
mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
. The testicular follicles are whitish and distributed besides the ovaries, usually along the posterior 2/3 of the elongated ovary on both sides. Follicles are attached to the body wall by the basal part only, protruding into the peribranchial cavity as one long digitiform (more rarely globose) structure or branched in the base to form up to five long lobes (
|
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<figureCitation id="C4842A093A5B02338F7DA127FD8FFE8F" box="[543,634,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1896,1920]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,381,1873]" captionTargetId="figure-134@3.[151,1436,381,1873]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Styela panamensis sp. nov. A. external appearance; B. right side body; C. left side body; D. overview of specimen dissected without the pharynx; E. detail of pharynx and anterior region; F. specimen with four gonads on the right side; G. bifurcated ovary; H. digitiform testicular follicles; I. siphonal spines; i. two views of the siphonal spines shape. Scale bars = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4620922" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4620922/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="278">Fig. 2H</figureCitation>
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). Common sperm duct gathers the ducts of many testicular follicles and runs along the atrial surface of each ovary to open close to the oviduct aperture on a small papilla.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |