346 lines
39 KiB
XML
346 lines
39 KiB
XML
<document ENCODING="UTF-8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="db3b4f9d-87ca-4661-a002-c868b7417878" ModsDocID="z01416p001" checkinTime="1247405641513" checkinUser="thomas" docAuthor="Alexandre P. Marceniuk & Naércio A. Menezes" docDate="2007" docId="D2F9D7C2E120EFC4BE3F2C4DDDD8874F" docLanguage="en" docName="2007_Marceniuk_Menezes_gg1.xml" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1416" docSource="http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:FFC65592-D8DB-41BE-AEAC-A41EAB6C6185" docTitle="Plicofollis" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="92" masterDocId="E3B79C8FF6B0B87BE406EA4948E96A3B" masterDocTitle="Systematics of the family Ariidae (Ostariophysi, Siluriformes), with a redefinition of the genera." masterLastPageNumber="126" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="89" updateTime="1677103743125" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Systematics of the family Ariidae (Ostariophysi, Siluriformes), with a redefinition of the genera.</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Alexandre P. Marceniuk</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Naércio A. Menezes</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2007</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>1416</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>126</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:FFC65592-D8DB-41BE-AEAC-A41EAB6C6185</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank-PUB">z01416p001</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6237040" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100130339" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6237040" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D2F9D7C2E120EFC4BE3F2C4DDDD8874F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D2F9D7C2E120EFC4BE3F2C4DDDD8874F" lastPageNumber="92" pageNumber="89">
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<subSubSection type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageNumber="89">
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="6SY6" ID-ENA="435003" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1AE6B6D0-01A8-43E7-9505-E6855D1FC99A" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Plicofollis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Plicofollis Kailola 2004:141" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Plicofollis</taxonomicName>
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Kailola, 2004
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection type="description">
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<paragraph pageNumber="89">(fig. 77)</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageNumber="89">
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<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1AE6B6D0-01A8-43E7-9505-E6855D1FC99A" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Plicofollis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Plicofollis Kailola 2004:141" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Plicofollis</taxonomicName>
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Kailola, 2004: 141. Type species:
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<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8D8AAA6D-C124-4E01-9D02-7DA411B27DCA" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Arius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Arius argyropleuron Valenciennes, Kuhl & van Hasselt 1840:104" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="argyropleuron">Arius argyropleuron</taxonomicName>
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Valenciennes, 1840. Type by original designation. Gender: not clear from original description.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph lastPageNumber="90" pageNumber="89">
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Diagnosis.
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<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1AE6B6D0-01A8-43E7-9505-E6855D1FC99A" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Plicofollis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Plicofollis Kailola 2004:141" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Plicofollis</taxonomicName>
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can be distinguishes from all other members of the
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<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Ariidae</taxonomicName>
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by the following combination of unique (1 to 5) and shared (6 to 16) characters: (1) tooth plates associated with vomer isolated and very distant from each other; (2) lachrymal thin (fig. 78); (3) anterior part of interopercle compressed with anterior end notched (fig. 79); (4) interopercle subrectangular shaped and elongated (fig. 79); (5) lateral margin of uncinate process of third epibranchial notched (fig. 80); (6) posterior cranial fontanel absent or reduced to a small opening (fig. 81) [shared with
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<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Bagre" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Bagre</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4A7D104C-F38B-4AFB-8C4A-A3838C172BB0" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Brustiarius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Brustiarius Arius Herre 1935:388" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Brustiarius</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cathorops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cathorops</taxonomicName>
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(with exception of
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<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cathorops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dasycephalus">C. dasycephalus</taxonomicName>
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),
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<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4781B086-6A2E-487B-8D97-1D1A856A235A" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Galeichthys" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Galeichthys Valenciennes 1840:28" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Galeichthys</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CC7B154F-0B6B-4A8C-A4DD-2EBF83B9C00A" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Genidens" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Genidens Castelnau 1855:33" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Genidens</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Netuma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Netuma</taxonomicName>
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]; (7) orbitosphenoid laterally expanded [shared with
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<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:830D572B-79ED-4DBD-84EC-A10E3E7E748C" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Arius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Arius Valenciennes 1840:53" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Arius</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4A7D104C-F38B-4AFB-8C4A-A3838C172BB0" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Brustiarius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Brustiarius Arius Herre 1935:388" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Brustiarius</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Carlarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Carlarius</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8E024180-3250-46F3-A751-1D583938D54E" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cinetodus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cinetodus Ogilby 1898:32" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cinetodus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CC7B154F-0B6B-4A8C-A4DD-2EBF83B9C00A" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Genidens" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Genidens Castelnau 1855:33" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Genidens</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Netuma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Netuma</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Notarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="planiceps">Notarius planiceps</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Potamosilurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Potamosilurus</taxonomicName>
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(with exception of
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<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Potamosilurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latirostris">P. latirostris</taxonomicName>
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) and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sciades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sciades</taxonomicName>
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(with exception of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sciades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="couma">S. couma</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:23001896-466C-47FA-820E-9D5BC782C425" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sciades" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Bagrus Sciades emphysetus Müller & Troschel 1849:8" order="Coleoptera" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="emphysetus">S. emphysetus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sciades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="passany">S. passany</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sciades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="proops">S. proops</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sciades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seemanni">S. seemanni</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sciades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sagor">S. sagor</taxonomicName>
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)]; (8) anterior edge of opercle straight (fig. 79) (shared with
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<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cathorops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cathorops</taxonomicName>
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); (9) posteroventral portion of opercle little pronounced posteriorly [shared with
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<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Bagre" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="panamensis">Bagre panamensis</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Carlarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Carlarius</taxonomicName>
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(with exception of
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<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Carlarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heudelotii">C. heudelotii</taxonomicName>
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),
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<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4781B086-6A2E-487B-8D97-1D1A856A235A" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Galeichthys" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Galeichthys Valenciennes 1840:28" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Galeichthys</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CC7B154F-0B6B-4A8C-A4DD-2EBF83B9C00A" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Genidens" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Genidens Castelnau 1855:33" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Genidens</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B824B602-4F87-4771-B334-61385645D6C4" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Ketengus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Ketengus Bleeker 1847:167" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Ketengus</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sciades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sciades</taxonomicName>
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(with exception of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sciades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="couma">S. couma</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sciades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="felis">S. felis</taxonomicName>
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)]; (10) posterior margin of interopercle angulated (fig. 79) (shared with
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<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cathorops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cathorops</taxonomicName>
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); (11) hyomandibular upper crest long and low (shared with
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<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4A7D104C-F38B-4AFB-8C4A-A3838C172BB0" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Brustiarius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Brustiarius Arius Herre 1935:388" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Brustiarius</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Carlarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Carlarius</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:57F8F227-2C96-4E3F-B4D1-3CDE8E5DE40F" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cephalocassis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cephalocassis Bleeker 1857:473" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cephalocassis</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8E024180-3250-46F3-A751-1D583938D54E" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cinetodus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cinetodus Ogilby 1898:32" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cinetodus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B293B6B1-C1F8-4EA8-AA70-87E0EF542E48" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cochlefelis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cochlefelis Whitley 1941:8" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cochlefelis</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4453B6E6-6001-42AB-8D66-002DF12E8C99" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cryptarius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cryptarius Kailola 2004:134" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cryptarius</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3EF9A59B-2473-44CF-BB0F-3846968A6AB8" family="Ariidae" genus="Doiichthys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Doiichthys Weber 1913:532" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Doiichthys</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CC7B154F-0B6B-4A8C-A4DD-2EBF83B9C00A" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Genidens" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Genidens Castelnau 1855:33" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Genidens</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5BD940A7-0AA1-4F57-B0A5-9D295A651224" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Nemapteryx" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Nemapteryx Ogilby 1908:3, 10" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Nemapteryx</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A465F2E2-3CB7-445A-A792-A01BE7E8F95E" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Neoarius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Neoarius Castelnau 1878:237" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Neoarius</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Netuma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thalassinus">Netuma thalassinus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D469DDD6-F17E-4DEB-99B7-0C54A27687E2" authority="Ogilby, 1898" authorityName="Ogilby" authorityYear="1898" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Pachyula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pachyula Ogilby 1898:33" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pachyula</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AAD7809B-5174-4F77-B9AC-2359BB91181F" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Potamarius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Potamarius Hubbs & Miller 1960:101" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Potamarius</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sciades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sciades</taxonomicName>
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); (12) first pharyngobranchial well developed, subrectangular and depressed (fig. 82) (shared with
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<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cathorops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dasycephalus">Cathorops dasycephalus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4453B6E6-6001-42AB-8D66-002DF12E8C99" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cryptarius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cryptarius Kailola 2004:134" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cryptarius</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D469DDD6-F17E-4DEB-99B7-0C54A27687E2" authority="Ogilby, 1898" authorityName="Ogilby" authorityYear="1898" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Pachyula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pachyula Ogilby 1898:33" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<pageStartToken pageNumber="90">Pachyula</pageStartToken>
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</taxonomicName>
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); (13) posterior face of first epibranchial with a prominent process (fig. 82) (shared with
|
|
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D469DDD6-F17E-4DEB-99B7-0C54A27687E2" authority="Ogilby, 1898" authorityName="Ogilby" authorityYear="1898" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Pachyula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pachyula Ogilby 1898:33" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pachyula</taxonomicName>
|
|
); (14) 15 or more ribs present (shared with
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Bagre" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Bagre</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Carlarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Carlarius</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B293B6B1-C1F8-4EA8-AA70-87E0EF542E48" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cochlefelis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cochlefelis Whitley 1941:8" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cochlefelis</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CC7B154F-0B6B-4A8C-A4DD-2EBF83B9C00A" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Genidens" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Genidens Castelnau 1855:33" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Genidens</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A465F2E2-3CB7-445A-A792-A01BE7E8F95E" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Neoarius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Neoarius Castelnau 1878:237" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Neoarius</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Netuma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Netuma</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:086E7B0F-D030-44BD-9DCC-8CAEB178CBAA" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Notarius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Notarius Gill 1863:171" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Notarius</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sciades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sciades</taxonomicName>
|
|
); (15) base of adipose fin very short, less than one-half as long as anal-fin base (shared with
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Bagre" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Bagre</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4A7D104C-F38B-4AFB-8C4A-A3838C172BB0" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Brustiarius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Brustiarius Arius Herre 1935:388" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Brustiarius</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cathorops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cathorops</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4453B6E6-6001-42AB-8D66-002DF12E8C99" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cryptarius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cryptarius Kailola 2004:134" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cryptarius</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Netuma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Netuma</taxonomicName>
|
|
); (16) origin of adipose fin located vertically above posterior half of anal fin (shared with
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Bagre" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Bagre</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4A7D104C-F38B-4AFB-8C4A-A3838C172BB0" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Brustiarius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Brustiarius Arius Herre 1935:388" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Brustiarius</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Netuma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Netuma</taxonomicName>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageNumber="90">
|
|
The distinction of
|
|
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1AE6B6D0-01A8-43E7-9505-E6855D1FC99A" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Plicofollis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Plicofollis Kailola 2004:141" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="90" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Plicofollis</taxonomicName>
|
|
is also supported by four unique characters within the
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="90" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Ariidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
, not present in
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Plicofollis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="90" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="platystomus">P. platystomus</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Plicofollis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="90" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tenuispinis">Plicofollis tenuispinis</taxonomicName>
|
|
: lateral ethmoid expanded (fig. 81); vomer oval shaped (fig. 83); lateral processes of vomer very short (fig. 83); uncinate process of third pharyngobranchial longer and wider than mesial portion of epibranchial (fig. 80).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption>
|
|
<paragraph pageNumber="90">
|
|
FIGURE 77.
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Plicofollis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="90" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="argyropleuron">Plicofollis argyropleuron</taxonomicName>
|
|
, USNM 297120, 145 mm TL. Lateral view.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption>
|
|
<paragraph pageNumber="90">
|
|
FIGURE 78.
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Plicofollis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="90" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dussumieri">Plicofollis dussumieri</taxonomicName>
|
|
, LACM 38131-48. Dorsal view of lachrymal. Scale bar = 4 mm.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph lastPageNumber="91" pageNumber="90">
|
|
Supplementary morphological characters. Cephalic shield granulated visible under the skin; a small fenestra limited by lateral ethmoid and frontal bones scarcely visible under the skin; medial groove of neurocranium very distinct, limited by frontal bones and/or on supraoccipital; posterior cranial fontanel in many cases closing entirely during ontogenetic growth; fenestra limited by supraoccipital, pterotic and sphenotic absent; fossa limited by pterotic, supracleithrum and extrascapular relatively large; epioccipital invading dorsal portion of cephalic shield (except in
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cryptarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="90" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tenuispinis">C. tenuispinis</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cryptarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="90" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="platystomus">C. platystomus</taxonomicName>
|
|
); occipital process triangular, moderately long and large, narrowing continuously toward its posterior end, its lateral margins convex; anterior
|
|
<pageStartToken pageNumber="91">and</pageStartToken>
|
|
median nuchal plates fused and indistinct, forming a structure of semi-lunar aspect; accessory tooth plates longitudinally elongated, bearing molar-like teeth; maxillary barbel fleshy and cylindrical; two pairs of mental barbels; base of adipose fin very short, less than one-half length of anal-fin base; lateral line bifurcated at caudal region, reaching base of caudal-fin upper and lower lobes; cleithrum wide, with second dorsal process on its upper portion; posterior cleithral process moderately long and distinct from second dorsal process of cleithrum.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection type="multiple">
|
|
<caption>
|
|
<paragraph pageNumber="91">
|
|
FIGURE 79.
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Plicofollis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="91" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dussumieri">Plicofollis dussumieri</taxonomicName>
|
|
, LACM 38131-48. Lateral view of interopercle and opercle. Scale bar = 4 mm. IOP - interopercle; OP - opercle.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption>
|
|
<paragraph pageNumber="91">
|
|
FIGURE 80.
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Plicofollis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="91" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dussumieri">Plicofollis dussumieri</taxonomicName>
|
|
, LACM 38131-48. Ventral view of third and fourth epibranchials. Scale bar = 4 mm. EB3 - third epibranchial; EB4 - fourth epibranchial; UP - uncinate process.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection type="discussion">
|
|
<paragraph pageNumber="91">
|
|
Remarks. The genus is defined by characters shared by all the species directly examined, except
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Plicofollis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="91" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="platystomus">P. platystomus</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Day, 1877). The inclusion of this species is preliminary and supported by a series of characters shared between
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Plicofollis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="91" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="platystomus">P. platystomus</taxonomicName>
|
|
and all other members of the genus: parasphenoid wide in ventral view (shared with
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Amphiarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="91" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Amphiarius</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:347CE897-3860-4DA6-85B8-033B2318B81A" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Aspistor" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Aspistor Jordan & Evermann 1898:2763" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="91" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Aspistor</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4A7D104C-F38B-4AFB-8C4A-A3838C172BB0" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Brustiarius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Brustiarius Arius Herre 1935:388" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="91" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Brustiarius</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B293B6B1-C1F8-4EA8-AA70-87E0EF542E48" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cochlefelis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cochlefelis Whitley 1941:8" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="91" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cochlefelis</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3F1F6AF2-6F38-42C0-9C82-C1468F19FAF0" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Hemiarius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Hemiarius Bleeker 1862:7, 29" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="91" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Hemiarius</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:086E7B0F-D030-44BD-9DCC-8CAEB178CBAA" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Notarius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Notarius Gill 1863:171" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="91" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Notarius</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sciades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="couma">Sciades couma</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:23001896-466C-47FA-820E-9D5BC782C425" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sciades" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Bagrus Sciades emphysetus Müller & Troschel 1849:8" order="Coleoptera" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="emphysetus">S. emphysetus</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:68749DC8-2D9D-4BF5-B296-8E52AA0A3CCA" class="Actinopterygii" family="Siluridae" genus="Silurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Silurus herzbergii Bloch 1794:33" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="91" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="herzbergii">S. herzbergii</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sciades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="passany">S. passany</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sciades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="proops">S. proops</taxonomicName>
|
|
); maxilla with the margins parallel in the proximal 2/3, slightly narrower in the distal 1/3 and posteriorly truncate (shared with
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Carlarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="91" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heudelotii">
|
|
Carlarius
|
|
<t_e_m_p>heudelotii</t_e_m_p>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CC7B154F-0B6B-4A8C-A4DD-2EBF83B9C00A" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Genidens" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Genidens Castelnau 1855:33" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="91" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Genidens</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Netuma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="91" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thalassinus">Netuma thalassinus</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sciades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="platypogon">Sciades platypogon</taxonomicName>
|
|
); metapterygoid longer than deeper [shared with
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cathorops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="91" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cathorops</taxonomicName>
|
|
(with exception of
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cathorops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="91" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dasycephalus">Cathorops dasycephalus</taxonomicName>
|
|
),
|
|
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:57F8F227-2C96-4E3F-B4D1-3CDE8E5DE40F" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cephalocassis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cephalocassis Bleeker 1857:473" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="91" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cephalocassis</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8E024180-3250-46F3-A751-1D583938D54E" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cinetodus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cinetodus Ogilby 1898:32" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="91" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cinetodus</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4453B6E6-6001-42AB-8D66-002DF12E8C99" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cryptarius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cryptarius Kailola 2004:134" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="91" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cryptarius</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D469DDD6-F17E-4DEB-99B7-0C54A27687E2" authority="Ogilby, 1898" authorityName="Ogilby" authorityYear="1898" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Pachyula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pachyula Ogilby 1898:33" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="91" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pachyula</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AAD7809B-5174-4F77-B9AC-2359BB91181F" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Potamarius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Potamarius Hubbs & Miller 1960:101" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="91" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Potamarius</taxonomicName>
|
|
]; anterior process of metapterygoid truncate [shared with
|
|
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8E024180-3250-46F3-A751-1D583938D54E" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cinetodus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cinetodus Ogilby 1898:32" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="91" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cinetodus</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B293B6B1-C1F8-4EA8-AA70-87E0EF542E48" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cochlefelis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cochlefelis Whitley 1941:8" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="91" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cochlefelis</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D469DDD6-F17E-4DEB-99B7-0C54A27687E2" authority="Ogilby, 1898" authorityName="Ogilby" authorityYear="1898" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Pachyula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pachyula Ogilby 1898:33" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="91" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pachyula</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AAD7809B-5174-4F77-B9AC-2359BB91181F" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Potamarius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Potamarius Hubbs & Miller 1960:101" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="91" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Potamarius</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Potamosilurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="91" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Potamosilurus</taxonomicName>
|
|
(with exception of
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Potamosilurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="91" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="velutinus">P. velutinus</taxonomicName>
|
|
)]; mesial portion of ceratohyal well developed; urohyal lateral processes 1/3 as long as medial process; posterior portion of second basibranchial short and robust (shared with
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Arius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="91" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gagora">Arius gagora</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D55AA73E-E413-4E43-BA90-3FEEA3D94A01" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Arius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Opsarius maculatus McClelland 1839:417 (315)" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="91" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculatus">A. maculatus</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:347CE897-3860-4DA6-85B8-033B2318B81A" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Aspistor" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Aspistor Jordan & Evermann 1898:2763" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="91" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Aspistor</taxonomicName>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph lastPageNumber="92" pageNumber="91">
|
|
Skeleton preparations of
|
|
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8D8AAA6D-C124-4E01-9D02-7DA411B27DCA" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Arius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Arius argyropleuron Valenciennes, Kuhl & van Hasselt 1840:104" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="91" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="argyropleuron">Arius argyropleuron</taxonomicName>
|
|
Kuhl & van Hasselt, 1840, type-species of the genus and also of
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Plicofollis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="91" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crossocheilos">P. crossocheilos</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Bleeker, 1846) and
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Plicofollis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="91" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magatensis">P. magatensis</taxonomicName>
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(Herre, 1926) were not examined and their recognition
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<pageStartToken pageNumber="92">as</pageStartToken>
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members of
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<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1AE6B6D0-01A8-43E7-9505-E6855D1FC99A" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Plicofollis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Plicofollis Kailola 2004:141" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="91" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Plicofollis</taxonomicName>
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is based on the supplementary morphological characters observed in preserved specimens and data from the literature.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageNumber="92">Distribution and habitat. Eastern Africa, south and southeast Asia, southern New Guinea and northern Australia, marine and brackish waters.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |