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<document id="2221ECBBD186472C964F817DA86E919C" ID-DOI="10.5252/geodiversitas2023v45a9" ID-ISSN="1638-9395" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8037926" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:1C430978-5EE6-49AE-AF7C-23C710161CB7" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="jonas" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="jonas" IM.metadata_approvedBy="jonas" IM.tables_approvedBy="jonas" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="jonas" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="jonas" IM.treatments_approvedBy="jonas" checkinTime="1686745894455" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Bronnert, Constance &amp; Métais, Grégoire" docDate="2023" docId="D066B24B520DB669FEF2FD00DA8BFA39" docLanguage="en" docName="Geodiversitas.45.9.277-326.pdf" docOrigin="Geodiversitas 45 (9)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F830B10FF475E64C1F1601E3B32DDC00.4:Geodiversitas.2018-.journal_article" docStyleId="F830B10FF475E64C1F1601E3B32DDC00" docStyleName="Geodiversitas.2018-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Cymbalophus Hooker 1984" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="286" masterDocId="2C5FCA335206B662FFF8FF96DB4AFF94" masterDocTitle="Early Eocene hippomorph perissodactyls (Mammalia) from the Paris Basin" masterLastPageNumber="326" masterPageNumber="277" pageNumber="286" updateTime="1686775378071" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0">
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<mods:title id="C2108F506607653CD5D32EC9E8E4944D">Early Eocene hippomorph perissodactyls (Mammalia) from the Paris Basin</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="79F7EAE4D632462F1E6736438D8788D5">Bronnert, Constance</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="724760D26EDC20EF5C8D8E063B693DE7">Muséum national dHistoire naturelle, Centre de Recherche en Paléontologie Paris (CR 2 P, UMR 7207), CNRS / MNHN / Sorbonne Université, case postale 38, 57 rue Cuvier, F- 75231 Paris cedex 05 (France)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="3AD48E6072E70A30CAE8B067E6B0CCF5">Muséum national dHistoire naturelle, Centre de Recherche en Paléontologie Paris (CR 2 P, UMR 7207), CNRS / MNHN / Sorbonne Université, case postale 38, 57 rue Cuvier, F- 75231 Paris cedex 05 (France)</mods:affiliation>
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<paragraph id="5870035D520DB669FEF2FD00D9CBFD24" blockId="11.[266,641,662,688]" box="[266,641,662,688]" pageId="11" pageNumber="286">
<heading id="0338B431520DB669FEF2FD00D9CBFD24" box="[266,641,662,688]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="286" reason="2">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE520DB669FEAFFD00D9CBFD24" authority="Hooker, 1984" authorityName="Hooker" authorityYear="1984" box="[343,641,662,688]" class="Mammalia" family="Helaletidae" genus="Cymbalophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="11" pageNumber="286" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520DB669FEAFFD00DAA8FD24" box="[343,482,662,688]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="286">Cymbalophus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3C5E7EAC520DB669FE11FD00D9CBFD24" author="Hooker" box="[489,641,662,688]" firstAuthor="Hooker" pageId="11" pageNumber="286" pagination="229 - 244" refId="ref34159" refString="HOOKER J. J. 1984. - A primitive ceratomorph (Perissodactyla, Mammalia) from the early Tertiary of Europe. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 82: 229 - 244. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1984. tb 00545. x" type="journal article" year="1984">Hooker, 1984</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="10D550D6520DB669FF7CFD59DA81FD73" box="[132,459,719,743]" pageId="11" pageNumber="286" type="description">
<paragraph id="5870035D520DB669FF7CFD59DA81FD73" blockId="11.[132,459,719,743]" box="[132,459,719,743]" pageId="11" pageNumber="286">
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE520DB669FF7CFD59DA8DFD73" authority="Hooker, 1984: 230" authorityName="Hooker" authorityPageNumber="230" authorityYear="1984" box="[132,455,719,743]" class="Mammalia" family="Helaletidae" genus="Cymbalophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="11" pageNumber="286" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520DB669FF7CFD59DA48FD73" box="[132,258,719,743]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="286">Cymbalophus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3C5E7EAC520DB669FEF0FD59DA8DFD73" author="Hooker" box="[264,455,719,743]" firstAuthor="Hooker" page="230" pageId="11" pageNumber="286" pagination="229 - 244" refId="ref34159" refString="HOOKER J. J. 1984. - A primitive ceratomorph (Perissodactyla, Mammalia) from the early Tertiary of Europe. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 82: 229 - 244. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1984. tb 00545. x" type="journal article" year="1984">Hooker, 1984: 230</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="10D550D6520DB669FF7CFD69DBB2FCA5" pageId="11" pageNumber="286" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="5870035D520DB669FF7CFD69DBB2FCA5" blockId="11.[132,776,766,817]" pageId="11" pageNumber="286">
<smallCapsWord id="5E969581520DB669FF7CFD69DBFFFC80" baselines="784,784" box="[132,181,767,790]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Type" pageId="11" pageNumber="286">TYPE</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="5E969581520DB669FF42FC92DBB4FC81" baselines="785" box="[186,254,772,789]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="species" pageId="11" pageNumber="286">SPECIES</smallCapsWord>
. —
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE520DB669FED3FD68D9D1FC82" authority="(Owen, 1842)" baseAuthorityName="Owen" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[299,667,766,790]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Hyracotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="11" pageNumber="286" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cuniculus">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520DB669FED3FD68D947FC82" box="[299,525,766,790]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="286">Hyracotherium cuniculus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3C5E7EAC520DB669FDE2FD68D9DEFC82" author="Owen" box="[538,660,766,790]" firstAuthor="Owen" pageId="11" pageNumber="286" pagination="1 - 2" refId="ref35379" refString="OWEN R. 1842. - Description of some molar teeth from the Eocene Sand at Kyson in Suffolk, indicative of a new species of Hyracotherium (Hyr. cuniculus). The Annals and Magazine of Natural History; Zoology, Botany, and Geology 48: 1 - 2. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03745484109442721" type="journal article" year="1842">Owen, 1842</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
by original designation.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="10D550D6520DB669FF7CFCDFD978FCF4" box="[132,562,840,864]" pageId="11" pageNumber="286" type="taxon_list">
<paragraph id="5870035D520DB669FF7CFCDFD978FCF4" blockId="11.[132,562,840,864]" box="[132,562,840,864]" pageId="11" pageNumber="286">
<smallCapsWord id="5E969581520DB669FF7CFCDFDBA1FCCB" baselines="858,859" box="[132,235,841,864]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Included" pageId="11" pageNumber="286">INCLUDED</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="5E969581520DB669FF09FCD8DA72FCCB" baselines="859" box="[241,312,846,863]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="species" pageId="11" pageNumber="286">SPECIES</smallCapsWord>
. —
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE520DB669FE9CFCDED966FCF4" authorityName="Godinot, Crochet, Hartenberger, Lange-Badre, Russell &amp; Sige" authorityYear="1987" box="[356,556,840,864]" class="Mammalia" family="Helaletidae" genus="Cymbalophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="11" pageNumber="286" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hookeri">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520DB669FE9CFCDED966FCF4" box="[356,556,840,864]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="286">Cymbalophus hookeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10D550D6520DB669FF7CFCEFD92BFB07" pageId="11" pageNumber="286" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="5870035D520DB669FF7CFCEFDA19FC6E" blockId="11.[131,776,888,1018]" pageId="11" pageNumber="286">
<smallCapsWord id="5E969581520DB669FF7CFCEFDBACFC1A" baselines="906,906" box="[132,230,889,912]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Emended" pageId="11" pageNumber="286">EMENDED</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="5E969581520DB669FF12FCE8DA05FC1B" baselines="907" box="[234,335,894,911]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="diagnosis" pageId="11" pageNumber="286">DIAGNOSIS</smallCapsWord>
(based on
<bibRefCitation id="3C5E7EAC520DB669FE4CFCEED97CFC04" author="Hooker" box="[436,566,888,912]" firstAuthor="Hooker" pageId="11" pageNumber="286" pagination="29 - 63" refId="ref34268" refString="HOOKER J. J. 1994. - The beginning of the equoid radiation. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 112: 29 - 63. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1994. tb 00311. x" type="journal article" year="1994">Hooker 1994</bibRefCitation>
). — Moderate lophodonty. Hypoconulid of m1-2 small and closely appressed to the hypolophid. Hypoconulid of m3 linked to the hypoconid. Medium sized upper molar paraconule, metaconule smaller. Centrocrista of upper molar straight.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5870035D520DB669FF7CFB84D92BFB07" blockId="11.[131,775,1041,1171]" pageId="11" pageNumber="286">
<smallCapsWord id="5E969581520DB669FF7CFB84DA47FBBC" baselines="1059,1060" box="[132,269,1042,1065]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Differential" pageId="11" pageNumber="286">DIFFERENTIAL</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="5E969581520DB669FEECFB81DA30FBBC" baselines="1060" box="[276,378,1047,1064]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="diagnosis" pageId="11" pageNumber="286">DIAGNOSIS</smallCapsWord>
. — Smaller than
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE520DB669FDD3FB87D9C1FBBD" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1858" box="[555,651,1041,1065]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Pliolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="11" pageNumber="286" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520DB669FDD3FB87D9C1FBBD" box="[555,651,1041,1065]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="286">Pliolophus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE520DB669FD45FB84DB85FBD0" baseAuthorityName="Owen" baseAuthorityYear="1842" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Hyracotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="11" pageNumber="286" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520DB669FD45FB84DB85FBD0" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="286">Hyracotherium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Hypoconulid of m1-2 small and closely appressed to the hypolophid, whereas it is linked to the hypoconid in
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE520DB669FD59FBD0D84BFBCA" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1858" box="[673,769,1094,1118]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Pliolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="11" pageNumber="286" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520DB669FD59FBD0D84BFBCA" box="[673,769,1094,1118]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="286">Pliolophus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. More developed lophodonty than
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE520DB669FE37FBF7D965FBED" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1858" box="[463,559,1121,1145]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Pliolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="11" pageNumber="286" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520DB669FE37FBF7D965FBED" box="[463,559,1121,1145]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="286">Pliolophus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE520DB669FDA7FBF7D9F2FBED" authorityName="Franzen &amp; Haubold" authorityYear="1986" box="[607,696,1121,1145]" class="Mammalia" family="Lophialetidae" genus="Hallensia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="11" pageNumber="286" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520DB669FDA7FBF7D9F2FBED" box="[607,696,1121,1145]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="286">Hallensia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Differs from
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE520DB669FF42FBEDDA0DFB07" baseAuthorityName="Owen" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[186,327,1147,1171]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Hyracotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="11" pageNumber="286" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520DB669FF42FBEDDA0DFB07" box="[186,327,1147,1171]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="286">Hyracotherium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the absence of mesostyle.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="10D550D6520DB669FF7CFB22DA8BFA39" pageId="11" pageNumber="286" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="5870035D520DB669FF7CFB22DB85FB58" blockId="11.[130,775,1204,1454]" box="[132,207,1204,1230]" pageId="11" pageNumber="286">
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5870035D520DB669FF7CFB42DA8BFA39" blockId="11.[130,775,1204,1454]" pageId="11" pageNumber="286">
The genus
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE520DB669FF0AFB42DA31FB7A" authorityName="Hooker" authorityYear="1984" box="[242,379,1236,1262]" class="Mammalia" family="Helaletidae" genus="Cymbalophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="11" pageNumber="286" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520DB669FF0AFB42DA31FB7A" box="[242,379,1236,1262]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="286">Cymbalophus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was created byHooker (1984) for the species
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE520DB669FF28FB62DA01FA9A" baseAuthorityName="Owen" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[208,331,1268,1294]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Hyracotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="11" pageNumber="286" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cuniculus">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520DB669FF28FB62DA01FA9A" box="[208,331,1268,1294]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="286">C. cuniculus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, previously classified within
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE520DB669FD96FB62DA56FABA" authority="(Owen 1842)" baseAuthorityName="Owen" baseAuthorityYear="1842" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Hyracotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="11" pageNumber="286" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520DB669FD96FB62D84FFA9A" box="[622,773,1268,1294]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="286">Hyracotherium</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3C5E7EAC520DB669FF75FA82DA5EFABA" author="Owen" box="[141,276,1300,1326]" firstAuthor="Owen" pageId="11" pageNumber="286" pagination="1 - 2" refId="ref35379" refString="OWEN R. 1842. - Description of some molar teeth from the Eocene Sand at Kyson in Suffolk, indicative of a new species of Hyracotherium (Hyr. cuniculus). The Annals and Magazine of Natural History; Zoology, Botany, and Geology 48: 1 - 2. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03745484109442721" type="journal article" year="1842">Owen 1842</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="3C5E7EAC520DB669FED4FA82DA9EFABA" author="Hooker" box="[300,468,1300,1326]" firstAuthor="Hooker" pageId="11" pageNumber="286" pagination="229 - 244" refId="ref34159" refString="HOOKER J. J. 1984. - A primitive ceratomorph (Perissodactyla, Mammalia) from the early Tertiary of Europe. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 82: 229 - 244. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1984. tb 00545. x" type="journal article" year="1984">Hooker (1984)</bibRefCitation>
considered
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE520DB669FDA6FA82D9A1FABA" authorityName="Hooker" authorityYear="1984" box="[606,747,1300,1326]" class="Mammalia" family="Helaletidae" genus="Cymbalophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="11" pageNumber="286" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520DB669FDA6FA82D9A1FABA" box="[606,747,1300,1326]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="286">Cymbalophus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a ceratomorph, not a hippomorph.
<bibRefCitation id="3C5E7EAC520DB669FDEDFAA5D9F6FADA" author="Hooker" box="[533,700,1331,1358]" firstAuthor="Hooker" pageId="11" pageNumber="286" pagination="29 - 63" refId="ref34268" refString="HOOKER J. J. 1994. - The beginning of the equoid radiation. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 112: 29 - 63. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1994. tb 00311. x" type="journal article" year="1994">Hooker (1994)</bibRefCitation>
subsequently considered this species to be a hippomorph, but its phylogenetic position is still debated, probably because the
<typeStatus id="8774BDFF520DB669FF7EFA02DBFEFA3A" box="[134,180,1428,1454]" pageId="11" pageNumber="286">type</typeStatus>
species is poorly known.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>