273 lines
33 KiB
XML
273 lines
33 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="34AE896BA2F0113FA1ACCC5C611E8169">Cercopithecidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E5861080D183AC1169D54A703ED864BA">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="980CE828130C98EA6DF33709A9E1B499">Anthony B. Rylands</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="00A174A199CD4C630F41A00B680E7A7E">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="4C338C9F1A58644FB7875C48E8F3F3B3">2013</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:publisher id="4CBC2E6AF1AB17E45F33C7E57C0EB040">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="1B43252AD35FA82B42455AFCB8CFEE60">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:title id="6A70FDC1B410F94902298EC1889F8081">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 3 Primates</mods:title>
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<treatment id="CE199B17FFF4FFF1FFFF6D8FF809F5A4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6863273" ID-GBIF-Taxon="197824624" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6863273" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CE199B17FFF4FFF1FFFF6D8FF809F5A4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CE199B17FFF4FFF1FFFF6D8FF809F5A4" lastPageNumber="680" pageId="53" pageNumber="680">
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFFF4FFF1FFFF6D8FFF68F731" box="[166,223,2207,2253]" pageId="53" pageNumber="680" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FFF4FFF1FFFF6D8FFF68F731" blockId="53.[163,1131,2207,2334]" box="[166,223,2207,2253]" pageId="53" pageNumber="680">
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<heading id="1D479D6DFFF4FFF1FFFF6D8FFF68F731" box="[166,223,2207,2253]" pageId="53" pageNumber="680">
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<figureCitation id="DE8B3684FFF4FFF1FFFF6D8FFF68F731" box="[166,223,2207,2253]" captionStart="Plate 42: Cercopithecidae" captionStartId="52.[132,162,3408,3433]" captionTargetBox="[12,2749,15,3643]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="59. Dryas Monkey (Cercopithecus dryas), 60. Diana Monkey (Cercopithecus diana), 61. Roloway Monkey (Cercopithecus roloway), 62. De Brazza’s Monkey (Cercopithecus neglectus), 63. Mona Monkey (Cercopithecus mona), 64. Campbell's Monkey (Cercopithecus campbelli), 65. Lowe's Monkey (Cercopithecus lowei), 66. Crowned Monkey (Cercopithecus pogonias), 67. Wolf's Monkey (Cercopithecus wolf), 68. Dent's Monkey (Cercopithecus dent)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6867447" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6867447/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="680">61.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFFF4FFF1FFA96D8FFDE5F731" box="[240,594,2207,2253]" pageId="53" pageNumber="680" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FFF4FFF1FFA96D8FFDE5F731" blockId="53.[163,1131,2207,2334]" box="[240,594,2207,2253]" pageId="53" pageNumber="680">
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<heading id="1D479D6DFFF4FFF1FFA96D8FFDE5F731" box="[240,594,2207,2253]" pageId="53" pageNumber="680">
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<vernacularName id="C8B35A2FFFF4FFF1FFA96D8FFDE5F731" box="[240,594,2207,2253]" pageId="53" pageNumber="680">Roloway Monkey</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFFF4FFF1FDD16D8FFBA1F731" box="[648,1046,2207,2253]" pageId="53" pageNumber="680" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph id="460F2A01FFF4FFF1FDD16D8FFBA1F731" blockId="53.[163,1131,2207,2334]" box="[648,1046,2207,2253]" pageId="53" pageNumber="680">
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<heading id="1D479D6DFFF4FFF1FDD16D8FFBA1F731" box="[648,1046,2207,2253]" pageId="53" pageNumber="680">
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FFF4FFF1FDD16D8FFBA1F731" ID-CoL="69KD3" baseAuthorityName="Schreber" baseAuthorityYear="1774" box="[648,1046,2207,2253]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Cercopithecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="53" pageNumber="680" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="roloway">
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FFF4FFF1FDD16D8FFBA1F731" box="[648,1046,2207,2253]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="680">Cercopithecus roloway</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFFF4FFF1FFFC6DCFFDF8F6E7" pageId="53" pageNumber="680" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FFF4FFF1FFFC6DCFFBDCF708" blockId="53.[163,1131,2207,2334]" box="[165,1131,2271,2292]" pageId="53" pageNumber="680">
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<heading id="1D479D6DFFF4FFF1FFFC6DCFFBDCF708" box="[165,1131,2271,2292]" pageId="53" pageNumber="680">
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FFF4FFF1FFFC6DCFFF45F708" bold="true" box="[165,242,2271,2292]" pageId="53" pageNumber="680">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="C8B35A2FFFF4FFF1FFA26DCFFE54F708" box="[251,483,2271,2292]" pageId="53" pageNumber="680">Cercopitheque roloway</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FFF4FFF1FEA16DCFFDE4F708" bold="true" box="[504,595,2271,2292]" pageId="53" pageNumber="680">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="C8B35A2FFFF4FFF1FD046DCFFC94F708" box="[605,803,2271,2292]" pageId="53" pageNumber="680">Roloway-Meerkatze</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FFF4FFF1FC616DCFFC24F708" bold="true" box="[824,915,2271,2292]" pageId="53" pageNumber="680">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="C8B35A2FFFF4FFF1FCC46DCFFBDCF708" box="[925,1131,2271,2292]" pageId="53" pageNumber="680">Cercopiteco roloway</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FFF4FFF1FFFD6C16FDF8F6E7" blockId="53.[163,1131,2207,2334]" box="[164,591,2310,2331]" pageId="53" pageNumber="680">
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<heading id="1D479D6DFFF4FFF1FFFD6C16FDF8F6E7" box="[164,591,2310,2331]" pageId="53" pageNumber="680">
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FFF4FFF1FFFD6C16FE2CF6E7" bold="true" box="[164,411,2310,2331]" pageId="53" pageNumber="680">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="C8B35A2FFFF4FFF1FEFC6C16FDF8F6E7" box="[421,591,2310,2331]" pageId="53" pageNumber="680">Roloway Guenon</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFFF4FFF1FC546C59FAE1F696" box="[781,1366,2377,2410]" pageId="53" pageNumber="680" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="460F2A01FFF4FFF1FC546C59FAE1F696" blockId="53.[781,1368,2377,2804]" box="[781,1366,2377,2410]" pageId="53" pageNumber="680">
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FFF4FFF1FC546C59FC1FF696" bold="true" box="[781,936,2377,2410]" pageId="53" pageNumber="680">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FFF4FFF1FCE36C59FAE6F696" authority="Schreber, 1774" authorityName="Schreber" authorityYear="1774" box="[954,1361,2377,2410]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Simia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="53" pageNumber="680" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="roloway">Simia roloway Schreber, 1774</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFFF4FFF1FC576C64FB8AF66D" box="[782,1085,2420,2449]" pageId="53" pageNumber="680" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FFF4FFF1FC576C64FB8AF66D" blockId="53.[781,1368,2377,2804]" box="[782,1085,2420,2449]" pageId="53" pageNumber="680">
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||
<materialsCitation id="F6D8205CFFF4FFF1FC576C64FB8AF66D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3864421321" box="[782,1085,2420,2449]" pageId="53" pageNumber="680">Guinea (West Africa).</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFFF4FFF1FC576C8CFBA6F531" pageId="53" pageNumber="680" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FFF4FFF1FC576C8CFBA6F531" blockId="53.[781,1368,2377,2804]" pageId="53" pageNumber="680">
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Intermediate features between
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FFF4FFF1FB8A6C8CFAEFF645" authorityName="Schreber" authorityYear="1774" box="[1235,1368,2460,2489]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Cercopithecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="53" pageNumber="679" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="roloway">C. roloway</taxonomicName>
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and C.
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FFF4FFF1FC276CAFFC7FF61C" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[894,968,2495,2528]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Cercopithecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="53" pageNumber="680" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="diana">diana</taxonomicName>
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have been found near the Sassandra River, there the orange tones of the buttocks and inner thighs become deeper, but there is no intermediacy in the beard or brow band. C. rloway and C.
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FFF4FFF1FC1E6F99FC26F55A" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[839,913,2697,2726]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Cercopithecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="53" pageNumber="680" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="diana">diana</taxonomicName>
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comprise the
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FFF4FFF1FBCB6F99FB6AF55A" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1170,1245,2697,2726]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Cercopithecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="53" pageNumber="680" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="diana">diana</taxonomicName>
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species group. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFFF4FFF1FC546FC7FE2CF4E7" pageId="53" pageNumber="680" type="distribution">
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<caption id="12CF7A89FFF4FFF1FC546FC7FE2CF4E7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6867219" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6867219" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6867219/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="680" targetBox="[168,749,2390,2796]" targetPageId="53">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FFF4FFF1FC546FC7FE2CF4E7" blockId="53.[781,1368,2377,2804]" lastBlockId="53.[164,1368,2814,3472]" pageId="53" pageNumber="680">
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FFF4FFF1FC546FC7FC0AF508" bold="true" box="[781,957,2775,2804]" pageId="53" pageNumber="680">Distribution.</emphasis>
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SE Ivory Coast and SW Ghana, possibly Togo.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFFF4FFF1FFFC6E31FA84F381" pageId="53" pageNumber="680" type="description">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FFF4FFF1FFFC6E31FA84F381" blockId="53.[164,1368,2814,3472]" pageId="53" pageNumber="680">
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FFF4FFF1FFFC6E31FE29F4BE" bold="true" box="[165,414,2849,2882]" pageId="53" pageNumber="680">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 50-60 cm (males) and 42-45 cm (females), tail 85 cm (males) and 70 cm (females); weight 5-2 kg (males) and 3-9 kg (females).
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FFF4FFF1FB926E5DFEF8F46D" authority="Monkey" authorityName="Monkey" genus="The" pageId="53" pageNumber="680" rank="species" species="roloway">The Roloway Monkey</taxonomicName>
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closely resembles the
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FFF4FFF1FDDC6E64FCE7F46D" authority="Monkey" authorityName="Monkey" box="[645,848,2932,2961]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Luvaridae" genus="Diana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="53" pageNumber="680" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Diana Monkey</taxonomicName>
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(C.
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FFF4FFF1FCD46E64FC60F46D" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[909,983,2932,2961]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Cercopithecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="53" pageNumber="680" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="diana">diana</taxonomicName>
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) in appearance. Four main differences distinguish them: length and shape of beard (a much longer, pointed, and entirely white beard c.75 mm in length on
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FFF4FFF1FDA16ED3FB97F41C" authority="Monkey" authorityName="Monkey" box="[760,1056,3011,3040]" genus="The" pageId="53" pageNumber="680" rank="species" species="roloway">the Roloway Monkey</taxonomicName>
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); color of inner thighs and pubic region (creamy-white to orangey-yellow on
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FFF4FFF1FCC16EFAFB0CF3FB" authority="Monkey" authorityName="Monkey" box="[920,1211,3050,3079]" genus="The" pageId="53" pageNumber="680" rank="species" species="roloway">the Roloway Monkey</taxonomicName>
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vs. orangered on the
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FFF4FFF1FE126902FD97F3D3" authority="Monkey" authorityName="Monkey" box="[331,544,3090,3119]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Luvaridae" genus="Diana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="53" pageNumber="680" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Diana Monkey</taxonomicName>
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); prominence of a band of white hair across brow (more prominent and extending further on sides on
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FFF4FFF1FC116925FBCFF3AA" authority="Monkey" authorityName="Monkey" box="[840,1144,3125,3158]" genus="The" pageId="53" pageNumber="680" rank="species" species="roloway">the Roloway Monkey</taxonomicName>
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); and thickness of the white thigh stripe (
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FFF4FFF1FD55694CFD0FF381" box="[524,696,3164,3197]" genus="The" pageId="53" pageNumber="680" rank="species" species="roloway">the Roloway</taxonomicName>
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Monkey's is narrower than
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FFF4FFF1FB67694CFB27F381" box="[1086,1168,3164,3197]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Luvaridae" genus="Diana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="53" pageNumber="680" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Diana</taxonomicName>
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Monkey's).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFFF4FFF1FFFC6998FC94F26C" pageId="53" pageNumber="680" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FFF4FFF1FFFC6998FC94F26C" blockId="53.[164,1368,2814,3472]" pageId="53" pageNumber="680">
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FFF4FFF1FFFC6998FEA4F359" bold="true" box="[165,275,3208,3237]" pageId="53" pageNumber="680">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Primary and some secondary rainforest, gallery forest, and semi-deciduous forest near rivers.
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FFF4FFF1FEF169BFFD6BF330" authority="Monkey" authorityName="Monkey" box="[424,732,3247,3276]" genus="The" pageId="53" pageNumber="680" rank="species" species="roloway">The Roloway Monkey</taxonomicName>
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has been much less intensively studied than the
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FFF4FFF1FF8769C2FE1BF30F" authority="Monkey" authorityName="Monkey" box="[222,428,3282,3315]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Luvaridae" genus="Diana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="53" pageNumber="680" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Diana Monkey</taxonomicName>
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, so fewer details of its habitat preferences (as well as ecology and behavior) are known, but they are presumed to have similar adaptations. The reported distribution of
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FFF4FFF1FE216831FD2CF2BE" authority="Monkey" authorityName="Monkey" box="[376,667,3361,3394]" genus="The" pageId="53" pageNumber="680" rank="species" species="roloway">the Roloway Monkey</taxonomicName>
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also suggests that it may be able to occupy slightly drier and more seasonal forests than the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FFF4FFF1FC586858FC62F295" authority="Monkey." authorityName="Monkey." box="[769,981,3400,3433]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Luvaridae" genus="Diana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="53" pageNumber="680" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Diana Monkey.</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FFF4FFF1FCBD6858FAACF295" authority="Monkey" authorityName="Monkey" box="[996,1307,3400,3433]" genus="The" pageId="53" pageNumber="680" rank="species" species="roloway">The Roloway Monkey</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a high-canopy specialist like the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FFF4FFF1FD0A6863FC94F26C" authority="Monkey." box="[595,803,3443,3472]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Luvaridae" genus="Diana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="53" pageNumber="680" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Diana Monkey.</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFFF4FFF1FAC66430F6F3FBFA" pageId="53" pageNumber="680" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="460F2A01FFF4FFF1FAC66430F6F3FBFA" blockId="53.[1436,2648,288,2650]" pageId="53" pageNumber="680">
|
||
<emphasis id="74C4F613FFF4FFF1FAC66430F91FFEBD" bold="true" box="[1439,1704,288,321]" pageId="53" pageNumber="680">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
The only field study of the diet of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FFF4FFF1F7F96430F670FEBD" authority="Monkey" authorityName="Monkey" box="[2208,2503,288,321]" genus="The" pageId="53" pageNumber="680" rank="species" species="roloway">the Roloway Monkey</taxonomicName>
|
||
was done by S. Curtin in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FFF4FFF1F920645BF912FE94" box="[1657,1701,331,360]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Bia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="53" pageNumber="680" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Bia</taxonomicName>
|
||
National Park, western Ghana, in 1976-1977. The diet comprised pulp ofripe fruits (31%), insects (25%), seeds of ripe fruits (22%), leaf buds (7%), flower buds and flowers (6%), and unripe fruit (5%); seeds of unripe fruits, mature leaves, root nodes, and bulbs were eaten occasionally (less than 1%). In the dry season, the pulp of mature fruit (especially of lianas and vines) was the most important food, followed by insects and the seeds of ripe fruits. In the wet season, ripe fruits and insects were equally important. During the study, seeds (large and black with a red aril and especially rich in oils) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FFF4FFF1F86E674BF686FD80" box="[1847,2353,603,636]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Pycnanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="53" pageNumber="680" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="angolensis">Pycnanthus angolensis (Myristicaceae)</taxonomicName>
|
||
and small immobile insects on branches and foliage, most particularly in the large legume
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FFF4FFF1F6D96792F5E2FD5F" box="[2432,2645,642,675]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Piptadeniastrum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="53" pageNumber="680" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Piptadeniastrum</taxonomicName>
|
||
africanum (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FFF4FFF1F96267BEF974FD37" box="[1595,1731,686,715]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="53" pageNumber="680" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), were the most important food items in terms of the time dedicated to eating them. Both trees were common at
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FFF4FFF1F7D867C1F718FD0E" box="[2177,2223,721,754]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Bia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="53" pageNumber="680" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Bia</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Diets of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FFF4FFF1F66467C1F606FD0E" box="[2365,2481,721,754]" genus="The" pageId="53" pageNumber="680" rank="species" species="roloway">Roloway</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FFF4FFF1F55967C1F9ADFCE5" authority="monkeys" authorityName="Monkeys" class="Actinopterygii" family="Luvaridae" genus="Diana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="53" pageNumber="712" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Diana monkeys</taxonomicName>
|
||
can vary greatly among populations, years, and even neighboring groups. Diets of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FFF4FFF1F94B6630F8BEFCBD" authority="Monkeys" authorityName="Monkeys" box="[1554,1801,800,833]" genus="The" pageId="53" pageNumber="680" rank="species" species="roloway">Roloway Monkeys</taxonomicName>
|
||
at
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FFF4FFF1F86B6630F8E9FCBD" box="[1842,1886,800,833]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Bia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="53" pageNumber="680" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Bia</taxonomicName>
|
||
contained 24-3% ripe and unripe seeds (77% of them from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FFF4FFF1FAB66657F933FC94" box="[1519,1668,839,872]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Pycnanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="53" pageNumber="680" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Pycnanthus</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FFF4FFF1F9926657F8FBFC94" box="[1739,1868,839,872]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Funtumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="53" pageNumber="680" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Funtumia</taxonomicName>
|
||
elastica,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FFF4FFF1F8996657F7CCFC94" box="[1984,2171,839,872]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="53" pageNumber="680" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Apocynaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) in contrast to the diets of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FFF4FFF1F5596657F9ACFC6C" authority="Monkeys" authorityName="Monkeys" class="Actinopterygii" family="Luvaridae" genus="Diana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="53" pageNumber="680" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Diana Monkeys</taxonomicName>
|
||
from three field studies that contained only 0-11-6% seeds.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FFF4FFF1F623667FF5A7FC6C" box="[2426,2576,879,912]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Pycnanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="53" pageNumber="680" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Pycnanthus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, like figs, produces fruits asynchronously, but it provides small quantities of fruits and seeds piecemeal over many months, unlike the mast fruiting of figs. The insect portion of the diet of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FFF4FFF1F96366F5F885FBFA" authority="Monkeys" authorityName="Monkeys" box="[1594,1842,997,1030]" genus="The" pageId="53" pageNumber="680" rank="species" species="roloway">Roloway Monkeys</taxonomicName>
|
||
was similar to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FFF4FFF1F73F66F5F6F3FBFA" authority="Monkeys." box="[2150,2372,997,1030]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Luvaridae" genus="Diana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="53" pageNumber="680" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Diana Monkeys.</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFFF4FFF1FAC6611CF753FBD1" box="[1439,2276,1036,1069]" pageId="53" pageNumber="680" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="460F2A01FFF4FFF1FAC6611CF753FBD1" blockId="53.[1436,2648,288,2650]" box="[1439,2276,1036,1069]" pageId="53" pageNumber="680">
|
||
<emphasis id="74C4F613FFF4FFF1FAC6611CF991FBD1" bold="true" box="[1439,1574,1036,1069]" pageId="53" pageNumber="680">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
There is no information available for this species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFFF4FFF1FAC46124F68BFB58" pageId="53" pageNumber="680" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="460F2A01FFF4FFF1FAC46124F68BFB58" blockId="53.[1436,2648,288,2650]" pageId="53" pageNumber="680">
|
||
<emphasis id="74C4F613FFF4FFF1FAC46124F93CFBA9" bold="true" box="[1437,1675,1076,1109]" pageId="53" pageNumber="680">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
Like the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FFF4FFF1F8476124F74CFBA9" authority="Monkey, Roloway Monkeys" authorityName="Monkey, Roloway Monkeys" box="[1822,2299,1076,1109]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Luvaridae" genus="Diana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="53" pageNumber="680" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Diana Monkey, Roloway Monkeys</taxonomicName>
|
||
are active, high canopy specialists. They are extraordinarily agile, foraging among terminal branches of emergent canopy trees and making acrobatic leaps to catch insect prey.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFFF4FFF1FAC661BAF908FA23" pageId="53" pageNumber="680" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="460F2A01FFF4FFF1FAC661BAF908FA23" blockId="53.[1436,2648,288,2650]" pageId="53" pageNumber="680">
|
||
<emphasis id="74C4F613FFF4FFF1FAC661BAF7E2FB37" bold="true" box="[1439,2133,1194,1227]" pageId="53" pageNumber="680">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
Projected similarities between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FFF4FFF1F55061BAFA66FB0F" genus="The" pageId="53" pageNumber="680" rank="species" species="roloway">Roloway</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FFF4FFF1F94761C2F940FB0F" authority="Monkeys" authorityName="Monkeys" box="[1566,1783,1234,1267]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Luvaridae" genus="Diana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="53" pageNumber="680" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Diana Monkeys</taxonomicName>
|
||
suggest that groups of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FFF4FFF1F71561C2F6F0FB0F" authority="Monkeys" authorityName="Monkeys" box="[2124,2375,1234,1267]" genus="The" pageId="53" pageNumber="680" rank="species" species="roloway">Roloway Monkeys</taxonomicName>
|
||
contain one adult male, several adult females, and young. Only one social group of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FFF4FFF1F66961E9F5E4FAE6" authority="Monkey" authorityName="Monkey" box="[2352,2643,1273,1306]" genus="The" pageId="53" pageNumber="680" rank="species" species="roloway">the Roloway Monkey</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been carefully studied: the group had 14-15 individuals (one adult male, six adult females, and young). It traveled 1-3 km/day in a home range of 190 ha. The group traveled further per day in the dry season than the wet season. Groups of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FFF4FFF1F686607FF9ACFA4B" authority="Monkeys" authorityName="Monkeys" genus="The" pageId="53" pageNumber="680" rank="species" species="roloway">Roloway Monkeys</taxonomicName>
|
||
probably defend territories, although no specific information on territorial behavioris available.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFFF4FFF1FAF960F5F62EF61C" pageId="53" pageNumber="680" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="460F2A01FFF4FFF1FAF960F5F62EF61C" blockId="53.[1436,2648,288,2650]" pageId="53" pageNumber="680">
|
||
<emphasis id="74C4F613FFF4FFF1FAF960F5F8B6F9FA" bold="true" box="[1440,1793,1509,1542]" pageId="53" pageNumber="680">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
CITES Appendix I. Classified as Endangered on The IUCN Red List (as C.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FFF4FFF1F9286300F90CF9D1" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1649,1723,1552,1581]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Cercopithecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="53" pageNumber="680" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="diana">diana</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FFF4FFF1F99E6300F89BF9D1" box="[1735,1836,1552,1581]" genus="The" pageId="53" pageNumber="680" rank="species" species="roloway">roloway</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FFF4FFF1F81C6300F7CEF9D1" authority="Monkey" authorityName="Monkey" box="[1861,2169,1552,1581]" genus="The" pageId="53" pageNumber="680" rank="species" species="roloway">The Roloway Monkey</taxonomicName>
|
||
is listed as Class A in the African Convention on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. It originally occupied forests from the Sassandra River in western Ivory Coast to the Pra River in Ghana, and possibly extending into Togo. It was not found in Togo in recent primate surveys there. The most recent surveys indicate that it is more threatened than has been previously recognized; individuals have been reported at only one site, Tanoé Forest in Ivory Coast. If this is correct,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FFF4FFF1F8B963E9F6B9F8E6" authority="Monkey" authorityName="Monkey" box="[2016,2318,1785,1818]" genus="The" pageId="53" pageNumber="680" rank="species" species="roloway">the Roloway Monkey</taxonomicName>
|
||
should be recognized as one of Africa’s most endangered primates, and it should accordingly be updated to critically endangered. Unconfirmed reports suggest that it might still hang on in very small numbers at Ankasa in Ghana; a thorough survey of Ankasa should be a high priority. The main threats to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FFF4FFF1F8D46286F702F84B" authority="Monkey" authorityName="Monkey" box="[1933,2229,1942,1975]" genus="The" pageId="53" pageNumber="680" rank="species" species="roloway">the Roloway Monkey</taxonomicName>
|
||
include hunting and habitat degradation and loss. The loss of tall mature forest to logging and agriculture has not only degraded preferred habitat but also opened the forest up to commercial hunting for bushmeat. The relatively large size of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FFF4FFF1F7426D1CF6F7F7D1" authority="Monkey" authorityName="Monkey" box="[2075,2368,2060,2093]" genus="The" pageId="53" pageNumber="680" rank="species" species="roloway">the Roloway Monkey</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the value ofits meat and skin make it a preferred game species. A couple of decades ago,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FFF4FFF1F6F36D24F9A7F780" authority="Monkey" authorityName="Monkey" genus="The" pageId="53" pageNumber="680" rank="species" species="roloway">the Roloway Monkey</taxonomicName>
|
||
inhabited several parts of West Africa, including Krokosua Hills, Yoyo River, Boin River, and Draw River forest reserves, Ankasa Game Reserve, and Foret Classée de Yaya in Ivory Coast, and Dadieso Forest Reserve and Tanoé Forest in Ghana. Because of high human density around these areas,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FFF4FFF1F7596DC1F71DF70E" box="[2048,2218,2257,2290]" genus="The" pageId="53" pageNumber="680" rank="species" species="roloway">the Roloway</taxonomicName>
|
||
Monkey's habitat has suffered one of the highest recent rates of deforestation in the world. Prior to this, Ghana's 300km*
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FFF4FFF1F9436C31F9F1F6BE" box="[1562,1606,2337,2370]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Bia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="53" pageNumber="680" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Bia</taxonomicName>
|
||
National Park (the only site where
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FFF4FFF1F7196C31F68EF6BE" authority="Monkeys" authorityName="Monkeys" box="[2112,2361,2337,2370]" genus="The" pageId="53" pageNumber="680" rank="species" species="roloway">Roloway Monkeys</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been studied) was downgraded to a game production reserve. Logging concessions were granted in 1977, and the small remaining park area did not receive adequate protection; no
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FFF4FFF1F5506C60F9E2F645" authority="Monkeys" authorityName="Monkeys" genus="The" pageId="53" pageNumber="680" rank="species" species="roloway">Roloway Monkeys</taxonomicName>
|
||
occur there anymore.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FFF4FFF1F8CC6C88F772F645" authority="Monkey" authorityName="Monkey" box="[1941,2245,2456,2489]" genus="The" pageId="53" pageNumber="680" rank="species" species="roloway">The Roloway Monkey</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been steadily extirpated from both unprotected and protected areas, and it is nearing extinction.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFFF4FFF1FAF96CFFF809F5A4" pageId="53" pageNumber="680" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="460F2A01FFF4FFF1FAF96CFFF809F5A4" blockId="53.[1436,2648,288,2650]" pageId="53" pageNumber="680">
|
||
<emphasis id="74C4F613FFF4FFF1FAF96CFFF98DF5F4" bold="true" box="[1440,1594,2543,2568]" pageId="53" pageNumber="680">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Curtin (2002), Curtin & Olson (1984), Gatti (2010), Gonedelé Bi et al. (2008), Groves (2001, 2005b), Grubb et al. (2003), Kingdon (1997), Magnuson (2002), McGraw (1998a, 2007), McGraw & Oates (2007), Napier (1981), Oates (1988b, 1999, 2011).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |